Gawo laposachedwa la ndalama zomwe anthu aku US adapeza mu kotala loyamba la ntchito yawo kwa opanga zinthu zatsopano komanso opanga zinthu zatsopano anali pafupifupi ogwirizana…
Germany ndi Netherlands apatsidwa ufulu wotumiza chitsulo ku United States kuyambira pa 1 Januwale, 2022, pambuyo poti United States yathetsa lamulo la Gawo 232 la msonkho wa chitsulo chochokera ku European Union motsatira mgwirizano wa mayiko awiri, malinga ndi zikalata zofalitsidwa ku Germany ndi Netherlands. Webusaiti ya US Department of Commerce. Ma quota ku Sweden ndi Austria amaonedwanso kuti ndi opindulitsa pazinthu zina.
Germany, kampani yayikulu kwambiri yopanga zitsulo ku EU, yalandira gawo lalikulu la TRQ (pachaka) ya chigawochi yotumizira kunja ku US, pa matani 3.33 miliyoni. Germany idzakhala ndi ufulu wotumiza matani 907,893 a zinthu zosiyanasiyana, malinga ndi mndandanda. Chiŵerengero chake chikuphatikizapo matani 121,185 a tinplate, matani 86,221 a pepala lodulidwa ndi matani 85,676 a chitoliro chamzere chokhala ndi mainchesi akunja opitilira 406.4 mm pachaka.
Italy, kampani yachiwiri yayikulu kwambiri yopanga zitsulo ku EU, ili ndi gawo lonse la matani 360,477, kuposerapo kwambiri Germany, ndipo Netherlands ili ndi gawo lonse la matani 507,598. Dziko la Netherlands ndi kwawo kwa fakitale yayikulu ya Tata Steel ya IJmuiden, yomwe imatumiza kunja kwa HRC ku US.
Dziko la Netherlands lili ndi gawo la pachaka la 122,529 t la pepala lotenthedwa, 72,575 t la coil yotenthedwa ndi 195,794 t ya tinplate ku US.
Dongosolo la mtengo wa tariff-rate quota lidzalowa m'malo mwa msonkho womwe ulipo wa 25% pa zinthu zopangidwa ndi zitsulo zochokera ku EU zomwe zidayikidwa ndi Purezidenti wakale wa US, Donald Trump mu Marichi 2018 motsatira lamulo la Gawo 232. Chiwerengero chonse cha zinthu zomwe zimatumizidwa pachaka pansi pa mitengo ya tariff quota zili pa matani 3.3 miliyoni, zomwe zikuphatikizapo magulu 54 azinthu, zomwe zimaperekedwa kumayiko omwe ali mamembala a EU, mogwirizana ndi nthawi yakale ya 2015-2017, malinga ndi Dipatimenti Yamalonda ya US.
"Kugawikana kumeneku ndi kuwerengera kosavuta kuti tibweretse ma TRQ pafupi ndi kayendedwe kachikhalidwe ka EU kotumiza kunja ku US (pali dziko lililonse lomwe lili membala)," adatero wolankhulira bungwe la zitsulo ku Europe Eurofer.
Komabe, dziko la United States likupitirizabe kuyika msonkho wa Gawo 232 pa zitsulo zochokera kumayiko ena, ngakhale kuti dziko la United States ndi Japan pakadali pano zikukambirana za mgwirizano wamalonda.
Komabe, malinga ndi gwero lina pamsika wa mbale ku Germany: "Kuchuluka kwa matani aku Germany sikokwanira. Salzgitter ikadali ndi ntchito zambiri zotsutsana ndi kutaya zinyalala, zomwe Dillinger angapindule nazo. Ngakhale kuti Belgium ili ndi gawo laling'ono, koma Industeel ilinso chimodzimodzi. NLMK ili ku Denmark."
Magwero a nyumba zogona anali kunena za misonkho pa nyumba zogona zazitali kapena zokonzedwa ndi ena mwa opanga nyumba zogona ku Ulaya: US idakhazikitsa msonkho woletsa kutaya katundu kwa opanga angapo mu 2017.
TRQ ya pachaka ya zinthu zotentha zoviikidwa ku Austria ndi matani 22,903, ndipo TRQ ya mapaipi ndi machubu a mafuta ndi matani 85,114. Kumayambiriro kwa mwezi uno, Herbert Eibensteiner, mkulu wa kampani yopanga zitsulo ya voestalpine, adati mulingo wa US quota mdzikolo ndi "wabwino kwa Austria". Eibensteiner adati voestalpine ikupitiliza kutumiza ku US ngakhale kuti "udindo waukulu wolamulira" ukukumana ndi voestalpine kuti apeze kumasulidwa ndi msonkho wapachaka wa ma euro 40 miliyoni ($45.23 miliyoni) wotumizira mapaipi ku gawo la mafuta ndi gasi ku US.
Zina mwa ndalama zazikulu zomwe dziko limapereka ndi monga 76,750 t ya pepala lozungulira lozizira ndi zinthu zina ku Sweden, 32,320 t ya coil yozungulira yotentha ndi 20,293 t ya pepala lozungulira lotentha. Belgium ili ndi matani 24,463 a pepala lozungulira lozizira ndi zinthu zina, matani 26,610 a pepala lozungulira lotentha, matani 13,108 a mbale ndi matani 11,680 a zinthu zosapanga dzimbiri zozungulira.
Mtengo wa tariff wa dziko la Czech Republic ulola kutumiza matani 28,741 a sitima yokhazikika, matani 16,043 a mipiringidzo yotentha, ndi matani 14,317 a chitoliro cha mzere chokhala ndi mainchesi akunja okwana 406.4 mm pachaka. Pa mbale yodulidwa kutalika, France idalandira TRQ ya matani 73,869, Denmark matani 11,024 ndi Finland matani 18,220. France idalandiranso matani 50,278 a mipiringidzo yotentha yotentha.
Greece idalandira TRQ ya matani 68,531 a mapaipi okhala ndi mainchesi akunja opitilira 406.4 mm. Luxembourg idalandira gawo la matani 86,395 potumiza ma angles, magawo ndi ma profiles ku US, ndi gawo la matani 38,016 a mapepala opakidwa.
Kampani yogulitsa ikuyembekeza kuti zinthu zopangidwa kuchokera ku EU zomwe zimachokera ku US zitha kugulitsidwa pa 67,248t, zomwe sizikhudza kwambiri msika wogulitsa zinthu zopangidwa kuchokera ku Turkey.
"Tosyali Algeria ndi imodzi mwa osewera omwe achepetsa rebar ya Turkey kupita ku US," adatero, ndikuwonjezera kuti ngakhale rebar ya Tosyali imayika msonkho wa 25% pa kutumiza kunja ku US, ilibenso msonkho woletsa kutaya katundu kapena wotsutsana ndi izi, kotero ogula ku US asungitsa rebar kunja kwa Algeria.
Dipatimenti ya Zamalonda inafotokoza pa webusaiti yake kuti mitengo ya tariff-rate quotas idzawerengedwa chaka chilichonse cha muyeso ndipo idzaperekedwa kotala lililonse. Voliyumu iliyonse ya TRQ yosagwiritsidwa ntchito mu kotala yoyamba ya chaka chino, mpaka 4% ya mtengo woperekedwa wa kotala imeneyo, idzapititsidwa patsogolo ku kotala yachitatu. Voliyumu iliyonse ya TRQ yosagwiritsidwa ntchito mu kotala yachiwiri ya chaka chino, malinga ndi zoletsa zomwezo, idzapititsidwa patsogolo ku kotala yachinayi, ndipo voliyumu iliyonse ya TRQ yosagwiritsidwa ntchito mu kotala yachitatu, malinga ndi zoletsa zomwezo, idzapititsidwa patsogolo ku kotala yotsatira yoyamba ya chaka.
"Misonkho ya msonkho idzaperekedwa ku gulu lililonse la zinthu m'dziko lililonse la EU motsatira zomwe zafika poyamba. US ipereka pa webusaiti ya anthu onse zosintha za momwe quota imagwiritsidwira ntchito kotala lililonse la zinthu, kuphatikizapo zambiri zokhudza tariffs zomwe sizidzagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kuchuluka kwa quota kumasamutsidwa kuchokera ku kotala limodzi kupita ku lina," inatero.
Ndi yaulere komanso yosavuta kuchita. Chonde gwiritsani ntchito batani lomwe lili pansipa ndipo tidzakubwezerani kuno mukamaliza.