Inyubako z'ubucuruzi zikunze kuba mu bwoko bubiri: urukiramende n'urushimishije. Keretse inyubako z'urukiramende zubatswe ndende kandi zigatanga ibitekerezo bitangaje, ntabwo zitanga byinshi uretse imikorere ifatika ndetse n'imikorere myiza idasanzwe.
Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, abubatsi benshi barwanya inyigisho za kera, barota ibitekerezo by’ubwubatsi bitangaje kandi rimwe na rimwe bitangaje. Ntabwo ari ugukabya kuvuga ko, rimwe na rimwe, icyerekezo cy’inyubako kiba gitangaje nk’icyerekezo cy’inyubako.
Ingoro Ndangamurage ya Solomon R. Guggenheim (New York), yashushanyijwe na Frank Lloyd Wright, ishingiye ku bintu byinshi by’uruziga, mu gihe inyubako y’icyicaro gikuru cya Zurich Insurance Group North America (Schaumburg, Illinois), yashushanyijwe na Goettsch Partners, ikoresha ibintu by’urukiramende cyane cyane kugira ngo ihe abantu ihumure. Uburyo butazibagirana bwo gushyira hamwe. Abahanga mu by’ubwubatsi nka Frank Gehry bakoze ibishoboka byose, birengagiza ibitekerezo bisanzwe kandi barema isura idafite imiterere igaragara cyangwa iteganyagihe, nka Walt Disney Concert Hall (Los Angeles) cyangwa Guggenheim Bilbao (Bil, Espagne).
Bigenda bite iyo abashushanya bagerageje imiterere y'ibice n'ibikoresho byinjizwa muri izi nyubako, bagahindura imiterere isanzwe mo isanzwe? Ibikoresho byo gufata imigozi, imiyoboro y'amazi, n'ibifunga by'inzugi ni ibintu bya buri munsi byongera ubunararibonye bwacu ku nyubako cyangwa imimerere runaka, nubwo twaba tutabizi. Ibyo ni byo byifuzo bya Poole, Timeless Tube yo mu Bwongereza, ikigo cy’inganda cyahinduye isi y’imiyoboro ku rugero ruto mu mpera z'imyaka ya 1980 ubwo cyaremaga umuyoboro wa mbere w’icyuma kitagira umugozi ku isi. Kuva icyo gihe, Timeless yakomeje gukora ibikoresho by’imiyoboro bigezweho bikoreshwa mu buryo butandukanye, ihora izi neza intego yihimbiye: "Igishushanyo cyiza cy’imiyoboro y’ibyuma".
Icyerekezo cy’iyi sosiyete ni uguhindura isi ahantu heza. Kugira ngo ibi bigerweho, ikoresha imiyoboro y’icyuma ikoze mu guhindura imiterere isanzwe mo ibice bigezweho biyobowe n’igishushanyo mbonera.
Tom McMillan, umuyobozi mukuru akaba n'umuhanga mu by'inganda, yagize ati: “Twakuye ibitekerezo ku mushushanyi ukomeye w'inganda w'Umunyamerika Charles Eames, wavuze ati: 'Ibisobanuro birambuye si ibintu birambuye. Ni igishushanyo mbonera.'”
Yakomeje agira ati: “Uyu mwuka unyura mu mirimo yacu yose.” Turashaka gutanga umusanzu mu gushushanya neza dukoresheje imiyoboro yacu, byaba ari ubwubatsi, ibikoresho byo mu nzu cyangwa ikindi kintu cyose gikozwe mu ikoranabuhanga.”
Timeless Tube ifite uburambe bw'imyaka irenga itatu mu gukora imiterere idasanzwe y'imigozi. Ibikoresho byayo by'umwimerere, imiyoboro y'imyenge n'ibikoresho byihariye byometseho byakoreshejwe nk'imigozi y'amato. Yakozwe mu cyuma gikozwe mu cyuma cya 316L cyasennye neza kugira ngo yihanganire imimerere mibi yo mu mazi, iki gikoresho cy'ingenzi cyakiriwe vuba n'abubatsi b'amazi bo mu mazi hirya no hino ku isi. Imiterere y'imyenge myiza ntabwo ari nziza gusa kuruta umuyoboro w'uruziga, ahubwo inafite akarusho k'umutekano ko idakunda kunyerera iyo ifashwe n'abakozi n'abagenzi.
“Amato meza cyane ni ukwita ku tuntu duto,” McMillan yagize ati. “Indangagaciro z’igishushanyo mbonera zishingiye ku bwiza buhebuje no koroshya ikoreshwa. Amato yacu akoreshwa n’abubatsi b’amato bazwi cyane ku isi. Abubatsi b’amato bafite ubushishozi bwihariye - ntibabangamira utuntu duto. Amato yacu ya elliptical arahoraho, kandi ku mpamvu zumvikana.”
Nubwo bimeze bityo, Timeless irashaka gukora imiterere mishya, mu gihe itanga inyungu kurusha imiyoboro izengurutse kandi igatanga inyungu zigaragara ku mukoresha wa nyuma. Iyi sosiyete iherutse gukora imiterere mishya y'imiyoboro yo gufata ku maboko ku mato mato y'akataraboneka: imiyoboro kare. Iyi shusho ikomeye kandi itunganijwe neza irakomeye ariko ifite uduce duto ku buryo idasohoka cyane. Ukuboko gukwira neza kandi neza ku ishusho, hamwe n'impande zigoramye buhoro buhoro.
Umuyoboro ntugomba kuba muremure cyane kugira ngo ugaragaze icyo utekereza. Iyi nzira ngufi yo ku ruhande rw'ubwato buto itanga ubwiza buhebuje.
Abahanga mu by’ubwubatsi ba kera ubu bakoze uduce dutandatu twihariye tw’imiyoboro, harimo imiyoboro ibiri igoramye. Ibicuruzwa byinshi by’iyi sosiyete bikozwe mu byuma bita 304L na 316L bita icyuma gifunganye, ariko abahanga mu by’ubwubatsi bakoresha aluminiyumu, titaniyumu, n’umuringa. Icupa ryonyine badakoresha ni icyuma cyoroshye kuko kidakira ingese bityo kikanduza icyuma kita icyuma gifunganye.
“Byongeye kandi, inyinshi mu porogaramu dutanga ni izigezweho, zaba iz’imitako, iz’ubwubatsi cyangwa iz’imashini,” McMillan yagize ati. “Ibyuma byoroheje bishobora kuba bihendutse, ariko bifite imbogamizi zabyo ku porogaramu dukoraho.”
Ariko, ibyo ntibivuze ko Timeless igabanya akazi kayo kuri izi ngingo esheshatu z'ingenzi. Umushinga uherutse gukorwa ujyanye n'ikinamico wahaye injeniyeri z'ikigo amahirwe yo kugaragaza ubuhanga n'udushya.
Mu 2019, Timeless yatanze imigozi yo ku muhanda hejuru ya sitade izwi cyane y’ikipe y’umupira w’amaguru y’Ubwongereza. Iyi nzira itanga ishusho nziza y’Amajyaruguru ya London uhereye ku burebure bwa metero 130, aho abantu bashobora kunyura ku mbuga zigaragara bashyizeho imigozi y’umutekano, hamwe n’inkingi zikomeye zo kurengera umutekano.
Ariko gushaka iyi mwambaro w'icyuma kidashonga byaragoye abubatsi kubera uburyo idasanzwe: yagombaga kuba nini bihagije kugira ngo ishyirwe hejuru y'igice cy'agasanduku k'icyuma gifata impande z'urushundura rw'icyuma kidashonga ku nzira y'ibirahuri. Bakeneye umuyoboro udasanzwe ufite isura nziza, ufite imiterere inyuranye aho kuba inguni, kandi ufite ishusho ijyanye n'aho uherereye mu gice cyayo cy'ibanze.
Abahanga mu by'ubwubatsi baje kuvumbura Timeless Tube, yatanze igisubizo cy'umuyoboro ugororotse ufite imirongo isukuye kandi izengurutse. Ni imiterere y'umuyoboro ikorwa n'abahanga bake, ariko ifite ibyiza bimwe na bimwe ugereranije n'imiyoboro izengurutse. McMillan yagize ati: “Ni imiterere y'umuyoboro ikomeye cyane.” Ni ingirakamaro cyane iyo hakenewe ubundi buryo bwo gukora kuko byoroshye kuwuvanga n'ibindi bice nk'imigozi n'ibirahure cyangwa ibice by'imodoka, bitewe n'impande zawo zigororotse.”
Kugira ngo bakore ibice by'icyuma, abubatsi basabye ko ingano y'iyi miyoboro iba nini cyane kuruta ihari ubu. Timeless ni ikigo gito kandi cyoroheje kidakenera guhangana n'umutwaro w'ibikorwa binini n'umusaruro mwinshi, bityo gishobora gushora igihe n'imbaraga mu gukora ibishushanyo mbonera n'ingano zihariye ku bakiriya bacyo.
Mu gukora ibipimo bishya, Timeless ntabwo ibasha kugera ku bipimo nyabyo byasabwe n'abakiriya, kuko ibi bipimo bishobora kudatanga umuyoboro ufite imiterere myiza, cyangwa umuyoboro ushobora kudasa n'imiterere wifuza. Nyuma yo guhindura ikigereranyo kiri hagati yo kuzunguruka no kugorora, Timeless yabonye umuyoboro ufite santimetero 7.67 kuri 3.3 (195 kuri 85 mm) ufite ubugari bw'urukuta bwa santimetero 0.118 (3 mm). Ingano ndende ni 0.40" (10 mm) gusa ugereranyije n'ingano yagenwe mbere.
McMillan agira ati: “Dukora imiyoboro yacu dukoresheje uburebure busanzwe bw'imiyoboro izengurutse ku mibumbe.” Uburyo bwo gukora umuyoboro ni ubuhanga. Ntabwo ari uko 'tunyunyuza' umuyoboro gusa. Iyo tumaze gufata ingano tuzi ko ikora, duhindura imiterere yose kugira ngo tubashe kuyisubiramo inshuro nyinshi. Ariko hamwe n'ingano nshya… ntabwo tuzi uko bizatugiraho ingaruka. Ibyuma bitandukanye bitanga umusaruro utandukanye. Bisaba igerageza.”
Umuyoboro uhoraho ntukunze gukenera guhindurwa kugira ngo ukoreshwe nk'inkingo yo gushariza inyubako, kuko uba umaze gukomera mu nyubako.
Ibicuruzwa bya Timeless Tube birimo imiterere itandatu: Flat Oval, Oval, Twisted Oval, Twisted Rounded Square, Rounded Square, na D. Uru rutonde rurimo ingano zisanzwe zigenwa n'amategeko y'ubwubatsi bw'ingoboka, ubusanzwe hagati ya mm 32 na 50 (1.25 na 2 inches), n'izindi nyinshi.
McMillan agira ati: “Mu Bwongereza, dufite ibisabwa bikomeye cyane ku nkuta z’imiyoboro y’icyuma mu bwubatsi no mu bikoresho dukoresha, ibyo tukaba tubikurikiza neza.” Ndetse twanakoze ibizamini bikomeye byo kuyobya, bigaragaza ko uyu muyoboro ugororotse ufite imbaraga zingana na 54% kurusha umuyoboro usanzwe uzengurutse. Ariko uyu muyoboro mu by’ukuri ntufite imbaraga nk’iz’icyuma kuruta 'umuyoboro w’icyuma' wo kuruhukaho neza.”
Ibihangano bya Timeless byagaragaye mu nyubako n'inyubako nyinshi zizwi cyane, harimo n'inkuta z'ikiraro cy'abanyamaguru cya Foster + Partners kizwi cyane (kizwi kandi nka Millennium Bridge), ndetse na sitasiyo y'amashanyarazi y'igihe kizaza iri muri Canary Wharf yo mu mujyi wa Londres. Ron Arad yagaragaje imiyoboro ya Timeless y'urudodo iri mu cyumba cy'inzu yubahwa cyane ya Opera House ya Tel Aviv, ikunze kugaragara mu bitabo by'ubwubatsi.
Yagize ati: “Ntabwo byumvikana gushushanya inyubako nziza nk’izi hanyuma ukazirangiza ukoresheje imiyoboro isanzwe izengurutse.” Ndatekereza ko abubatsi beza babizi, niyo mpamvu twishimira abakiriya mpuzamahanga.”
Muri Mata 2020, Gigi Aelbers, nyiri Synergigi na Montana, yaguze umuyoboro wa metero 5.8 (futi 20) w'icyuma kidasagwa cya metero 316 n'ibikoresho 8 byo gushyiramo ikawa muri Timeless kugira ngo abikoreshe nk'amaguru yo gukoresha mu gutanga serivisi zo ku meza ya kawa yihariye.
Mu buryo Aelbers asobanura ko ari "uruvange rw'ibimera n'ibimera", iyi komisiyo irimo ibinini bibiri bitangaje bitangana - kimwe kiri mu giti cy'umukara n'ikindi kiri mu giti cy'umweru - gishyizwe mu ishusho ya U ihoraho ku bikoresho by'inyuma bifatanye. Aelbers yagombaga kugenzura neza ko igitambaro cyoroshye cy'umukiriya we kitari kidapfukiranwa n'amaguru y'ameza mato. Yashakaga imiyoboro myiza kandi idasobanutse kugira ngo igitambaro kigaragare neza uko bishoboka kose. Yatumije ingero muri Timeless kugira ngo arebe neza ko afite ingano ikwiye y'igitambaro.
Umufundi w’ibyuma by’ubwubatsi Daniel Boteler akoresha imiyoboro kugira ngo ahuze imiyoboro iri ku mfuruka, avuga ko "byoroshye kuruta gukora dogere 45 ku rukero" kandi bigatuma irangira neza. Ingufu zoroshye kuko ari ingufu igororotse aho kuba ingufu zo gusukamo. Kubera uburambe bw’imyaka 20 mu gukora ibyuma, Boteler avuga ko yakwishimira kongera gukoresha imiyoboro y’ibyuma yakozwe.
Amaguru y'ameza afite umuyoboro w'amazi ashushanyijeho umucanga kugira ngo asa neza neza. Albers akoresha irangi n'ibishashara by'inzuki kugira ngo akore irangi ry'icyuma "ridapfa amasasu" yivanga. Ubwo yabazwaga impamvu yashyiraga imbaraga nyinshi mu gushaka imiterere ikwiye y'umuyoboro, Albers yasobanuye ati: "Byose biri mu buryo butoroshye. Abantu benshi bazabona ko babikunda, ariko ntibabizi neza. Impamvu, keretse niba ari ibintu bisobanutse neza. Ni bishya ku maso - ubwenge budashobora kumenya ko ari bishya. Bazi ko bitameze nk'ameza yo gukiniramo muri pariki," nk'uko yabitangaje.
Kuva i Tokyo kugeza i Topeka, Timeless ihora itanga serivisi zo gushyiramo imiyoboro y'amazi hirya no hino ku isi, Amerika ya Ruguru ikaba ari yo soko mpuzamahanga rinini. McMillan yanzuye ko abakiriya badashobora kubona imiterere n'ingano bimwe cyangwa ubwiza bumwe ahandi.
Yagize ati: “Birumvikana ko hari ikiguzi cyo kohereza ibicuruzwa kigomba kuzirikanwa, ariko niba ubuziranenge ari bwo bw’ingenzi, ni ikiguzi gikwiye kwishyurwa.”
Uretse ibintu bigezweho nka ameza ya Synergigi, Timeless yanabonye uburyo bwo kuvugurura imiterere gakondo. Abashushanya b'iyi kompanyi bakunze gusabwa gukora cyangwa gusana ibyuma bakoresheje imiterere ya kera. Hafi y'ibishushanyo mbonera, ibishushanyo byabo by'inyuma bihinduka nk'ibishushanyo mbonera n'imiyoboro ya kare byibutsa ibikoresho byo mu kinyejana cya 17 by'imitako.
McMillan agira ati: “Imiyoboro yacu igoramye yakoreshejwe mu bugeni, mu bishushanyo mbonera no mu matara meza, ndetse no mu nkuta zikozwe mu buryo bwihariye.” Muri iki gihe cyo gukora roboti, ndizera ko abantu bashaka kubona ubukorikori. Abahanzi n'abashushanya bazi ko bashobora gukoresha imiyoboro yacu kugira ngo banoze imiterere yabo.”
Uretse ibikorwa by’ubwubatsi n’imitako, hari andi mahirwe ategereje. Mu mujyi uwo ari wo wose cyangwa mu nkengero zawo, aho umuryango uwo ari wo wose ukoresha ibikorwa remezo, McMillan yizera ko porogaramu zishobora kongeramo ubuhanga mu gusimbuza ibintu bisanzwe cyangwa bitakunzwe.
Agira ati: “Nkunda igitekerezo cyo gukoresha imiyoboro kugira ngo nhishe mu buryo butangaje imyenge idashimishije, cyangwa kongeramo imiterere ku ngazi zikora neza.”Twizera ko, mu buryo bwiza, mu buryo bunoze ndetse rimwe na rimwe mu buryo bw’imiterere, uburebure bw’imiyoboro yakozwe kandi ikozwe ari ubundi buryo bwiza bwo gusimbura imiyoboro isanzwe izengurutse.”
Ikinyamakuru Tube & Pipe Journal cyabaye ikinyamakuru cya mbere cyihaye inshingano zo gukorera inganda z'imiyoboro y'ibyuma mu 1990. Ubu, ni cyo kinyamakuru cyonyine muri Amerika y'Amajyaruguru cyihariye inganda kandi cyabaye isoko ryizewe cyane ry'amakuru ku bakora mu by'imiyoboro.
Ubu hamwe n'uburyo bwose bwo kubona igitabo cya The FABRICATOR gikoresha ikoranabuhanga, byoroshye kubona ibikoresho by'agaciro by'inganda.
Ikinyamakuru The Tube & Pipe Journal cyo kuri interineti ubu kiraboneka neza, gitanga uburyo bworoshye bwo kubona ibikoresho by'agaciro by'inganda.
Ishimire uburyo bwose bwo kubona STAMPING Journal yo mu buryo bw'ikoranabuhanga, itanga iterambere rigezweho mu ikoranabuhanga, uburyo bwiza bwo gukora ndetse n'amakuru y'inganda ku isoko ry'ubukorikori bw'ibyuma.
Ubu dufite uburenganzira bwose bwo kubona igitabo cy’ikoranabuhanga cyitwa The Fabricator en Español, kandi byoroshye kubona ibikoresho by’agaciro by’inganda.