Nyumba zamalonda nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi mitundu iwiri: yamakona anayi ndi yosangalatsa. Pokhapokha ngati nyumba zamakona anayi zamangidwa zazitali ndipo zimapereka mawonekedwe okongola, sizipereka zambiri kuposa ntchito yeniyeni komanso mwina magwiridwe antchito osayerekezeka.
Komabe, akatswiri ambiri omanga nyumba amatsutsa chiphunzitso cha miyambo, akulota malingaliro omanga omwe amakopa chidwi ndi maso ndipo nthawi zina amadabwitsa. Sikokomeza kunena kuti, nthawi zina, mawonekedwe ochokera mnyumbamo ndi odabwitsa monga momwe mawonekedwe ochokera mnyumbamo amaonekera.
Nyumba Yosungiramo Zinthu Zakale ya Solomon R. Guggenheim (New York), yopangidwa ndi Frank Lloyd Wright, yakhazikitsidwa pa zinthu zingapo zozungulira, pomwe Nyumba Yaikulu ya Zurich Insurance Group North American (Schaumburg, Illinois), yopangidwa ndi Goettsch Partners, imagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zomwe zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe ang'onoang'ono kuti zipatse anthu chitonthozo. Njira yosaiwalika yopangira. Akatswiri omanga nyumba ngati Frank Gehry adachita zonse zomwe angathe, kupewa kuganiza mwachizolowezi ndikupanga mawonekedwe opanda mawonekedwe omveka bwino kapena kuneneratu, monga Walt Disney Concert Hall (Los Angeles) kapena Guggenheim Bilbao (Bil, Spain). Bao.
Kodi chimachitika n’chiyani opanga mapulani akamayesa mawonekedwe a zipangizo ndi zipangizo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito polowa m’nyumba zimenezi, n’kusintha mawonekedwe achizolowezi kukhala achizolowezi? Ma handrail, ma ventilation, ndi zitseko ndi zinthu za tsiku ndi tsiku zomwe zimawonjezera luso lathu pa nyumba kapena mkhalidwe winawake, ngakhale sitingazindikire. Ichi ndi cholinga cha Poole, England-based Timeless Tube, kampani yopanga zinthu yomwe inasintha dziko la machubu pang’ono kumapeto kwa zaka za m’ma 1980 pamene inapanga chubu choyamba chachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri padziko lonse lapansi. Kuyambira pamenepo, Timeless yapitiriza kupanga zinthu zatsopano za machubu kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito m’njira zosiyanasiyana, nthawi zonse ikudziwa mawu omwe inadzipangira yokha: “Kapangidwe Kokongola ka Machubu Achitsulo”.
Masomphenya a kampaniyo ndi kupanga dziko lapansi kukhala malo abwino. Kuti izi zitheke, imagwiritsa ntchito machubu achitsulo opangidwa kuti isinthe nyumba wamba kukhala zinthu zowoneka bwino zotsogozedwa ndi kapangidwe kake.
“Tinalandira upangiri kuchokera kwa katswiri wamkulu wa zomangamanga ku America, Charles Eames, yemwe anati: ‘Zambiri si tsatanetsatane. Ndi mapulani,’” anatero Tom McMillan, manejala wamkulu komanso injiniya wamkulu.
“Mzimu uwu umadutsa mu ntchito yathu yonse,” iye anapitiriza. “Tikufuna kuthandiza pakupanga mapangidwe abwino ndi machubu athu, kaya ndi a zomangamanga, mipando kapena china chilichonse chamakina.”
Timeless Tube ili ndi zaka zoposa zitatu zokumana nazo popanga mapangidwe achilendo a handrail. Chopangidwa chake choyambirira, machubu ozungulira ndi zolumikizira zapadera zidagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zogwirira ma yacht. Chopangidwa ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha 316L chopukutidwa bwino kuti chipirire nyengo yovuta ya m'nyanja, chinthu chatsopanochi chidalandiridwa mwachangu ndi akatswiri omanga nyumba za m'nyanja padziko lonse lapansi. Mawonekedwe okongola a oval sikuti ndi okongola kokha kuposa chubu chozungulira, komanso ali ndi ubwino wotetezeka chifukwa satha kutsetsereka akagwidwa ndi ogwira ntchito ndi okwera.
“Mabwato apamwamba amakhudza kusamala kwambiri za tsatanetsatane,” anatero McMillan. “Mapangidwe a mabwatowa amayang'ana kwambiri khalidwe labwino komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mosavuta. Machubu athu amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi omanga mabwato otchuka kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Akatswiri opanga mabwato a panyanja ndi ozindikira kwambiri - sasintha tsatanetsatane. Machubu athu ozungulira amakhalabe olimba, ndipo pachifukwa chabwino.”
Komabe, Timeless ikufuna kupanga mawonekedwe atsopano, bola ngati amapereka zabwino kuposa machubu ozungulira ndikupereka zabwino zomveka kwa ogwiritsa ntchito. Posachedwapa kampaniyo idapanga mawonekedwe atsopano a chubu chothandizira pa ma dinghie apamwamba: machubu ozungulira a sikweya. Mawonekedwe olimba komanso okonzedwa bwino awa ndi olimba koma ali ndi zotumphukira zoonda kotero kuti sizimatuluka kwambiri. Dzanja limakwanira bwino komanso mozungulira mawonekedwewo, ndipo m'mbali mwake muli zopindika pang'ono.
Chitoliro sichiyenera kukhala chachitali kwambiri kuti chikhale chokongola. Chida chopumulira chachifupi ichi pa bwato laling'ono chimapereka mawonekedwe okongola.
Mainjiniya osatha ntchito tsopano apanga ma profile asanu ndi limodzi apadera a machubu, kuphatikizapo machubu awiri opindika. Zambiri mwa zinthu za kampaniyo zimapangidwa kuchokera ku chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha 304L ndi 316L, koma mainjiniya amagwiritsanso ntchito aluminiyamu, titaniyamu, ndi mkuwa. Aloyi yokhayo yomwe sagwiritsa ntchito ndi chitsulo chofewa chifukwa sichimalimbana ndi dzimbiri motero imaipitsa chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri.
"Kuphatikiza apo, ntchito zambiri zomwe timapereka ndi zapamwamba kwambiri, kaya zokongoletsera, zomangamanga kapena zamakaniko," adatero McMillan. "Chitsulo chofewa chingakhale chotsika mtengo, koma chili ndi zoletsa zake pa ntchito zomwe timagwira ntchito."
Komabe, sizikutanthauza kuti Timeless imangogwira ntchito yake pa zinthu zisanu ndi chimodzi zazikuluzikuluzi. Ntchito yaposachedwa yokhudza bwalo lamasewera inapatsa mainjiniya a kampaniyo mwayi wowonetsa luso ndi luso.
Mu 2019, Timeless inapereka zitsulo zomangira panjira pamwamba pa bwalo lodziwika bwino la mpira wa ku England Premier League. Njira yoyendera alendo imapereka mawonekedwe okongola a North London kuchokera kutalika kwa mamita 130, komwe anthu amatha kuyenda kudutsa nsanja zowonekera pomwe akugwiritsa ntchito zingwe zotetezera, ndi zitsulo zolimba kuti awonjezere chitetezo.
Koma kupeza chogwirira chachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ichi kunakhala kovuta kwa akatswiri omanga nyumba chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake osazolowereka: chinayenera kukhala chachikulu mokwanira kuti chigwirizane pamwamba pa gawo la bokosi lachitsulo lomwe limateteza mbali za ukonde wachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ku njira yolowera galasi. Anafunika chubu chosakhala chachizolowezi chomwe chinali chokongola, chozungulira osati chozungulira, komanso chopangidwa kuti chikhale ndi malo odulidwa ndi laser pansi pake.
Akatswiri a zomangamanga pamapeto pake adapeza Timeless Tube, yomwe idapereka yankho la chubu chosalala chozungulira chokhala ndi mizere yoyera komanso yozungulira. Ndi mawonekedwe a chubu omwe mainjiniya ochepa amapanga, koma ali ndi zabwino zina kuposa machubu ozungulira. "Ndi mawonekedwe athu amphamvu kwambiri a chubu," adatero McMillan. "Ndi othandiza kwambiri ngati pakufunika kupanga kwina chifukwa ndikosavuta kusungunula kuzinthu zina monga ma spindles ndi magalasi kapena zida zamagalimoto, chifukwa cha mbali zake zosalala," adatero.
Pofuna kuphimba zigawo zachitsulo, akatswiri omanga nyumba amafuna kuti kukula kwa chubu ichi kukhale kwakukulu kuposa komwe kulipo pakadali pano. Timeless ndi kampani yaying'ono komanso yochenjera yomwe siyenera kuthana ndi ntchito zazikulu komanso kupanga zinthu zambiri, kotero imatha kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi ndi khama popanga zitsanzo ndi kukula koyenera kwa makasitomala ake.
Popanga miyeso yatsopano, Timeless nthawi zonse siimatha kukwaniritsa miyeso yeniyeni yomwe makasitomala akufuna, chifukwa miyeso iyi singapange chubu chokhala ndi kapangidwe kake, kapena chubucho sichingafanane ndi mawonekedwe omwe mukufuna. Pambuyo posintha chiŵerengero pakati pa ovalization ndi flattening, Timeless idapeza chubu cholemera mainchesi 7.67 ndi 3.3 (195 ndi 85 mm) chokhala ndi makulidwe a khoma la mainchesi 0.118 (3 mm). Kukula kwake kwakutali ndi 0.40″ (10mm) yokha yocheperako kuposa kukula komwe kunanenedwa poyamba.
“Timapanga machubu athu mwa kujambula mozizira kutalika kwa chubu chozungulira popanga mipukutu,” akutero McMillan. “Njira yopangira chubu ndi yaukadaulo pang'ono. Sizikutanthauza kuti ife 'tikuphwanya' chubucho. Tikangokhazikitsa kukula komwe tikudziwa kuti kumagwira ntchito, timakonza makonda onse kuti tithe kubwerezabwereza kukula kwake kwenikweni. Koma ndi kukula kwatsopano… chabwino, sitidziwa momwe kudzatikhudzira. Zitsulo zosiyanasiyana zimapanga zotsatira zosiyana. Zimafunika kuyesa.”
Chitoliro chosatha nthawi zambiri sichifunika kusinthidwa kuti chigwiritsidwe ntchito ngati chishango chokongoletsera nyumba zomangidwa, chifukwa chimakhala cholimba kale.
Mzere wa zinthu za Timeless Tube uli ndi mawonekedwe asanu ndi limodzi: Flat Oval, Oval, Twisted Oval, Twisted Rounded Square, Rounded Square, ndi D. Mtunduwu umaphatikizapo kukula kofanana komwe kumafotokozedwa ndi malamulo omangira ma handrail, nthawi zambiri 32 mpaka 50 mm (1.25 mpaka 2 inches), ndi zina zambiri.
“Ku UK, tili ndi zofunikira zolimba kwambiri pa ntchito yomanga ndi zipangizo zomwe timagwiritsa ntchito, zomwe timakwaniritsa mokwanira,” akutero McMillan. “Tinachitanso mayeso okhwima opatuka, kutsimikizira kuti chubu chozungulira chathyathyathyachi chili ndi mphamvu ndi 54 peresenti kuposa chubu chozungulira chokhazikika. Koma njanji iyi kwenikweni si yofanana ndi chandamale kuposa 'chingwe cha thupi' chopumulirapo bwino,” akutero Iye.
Ntchito ya Timeless yawonekera m'nyumba ndi nyumba zingapo zodziwika bwino, kuphatikizapo zomangira za mlatho wotchuka wa oyenda pansi wa Foster + Partners (womwe umadziwikanso kuti Millennium Bridge), ndi siteshoni ya sitima yapamadzi ya futuristic mkati mwa Canary Wharf ku London. Ron Arad adatchula mapaipi ozungulira a Timeless omwe ali mu atrium ya Tel Aviv Opera House yolemekezeka, yomwe nthawi zambiri imapezeka m'mabuku omanga nyumba.
“Sizikumveka kupanga nyumba zokongola ngati zimenezi kenako n’kuzimaliza ndi machubu ozungulira okhazikika,” iye anatero. “Ndikuganiza kuti akatswiri odziwa bwino zomangamanga amazindikira zimenezo, ndipo ndichifukwa chake timasangalala ndi makasitomala apadziko lonse lapansi.”
Mu Epulo 2020, Gigi Aelbers, mwini wa kampani yokonza zinthu zamkati ya Synergigi ndi Montana, adagula chubu cha oval chachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha 316L ndi zolumikizira 8 kuchokera ku Timeless kuti azigwiritsa ntchito ngati miyendo yopangira tebulo la khofi.
Mu kalembedwe kamene Aelbers akufotokoza kuti ndi "kuphatikiza kwachilengedwe ndi geometric", ntchitoyo ikuphatikizapo ma tabletop awiri okongola osafanana - limodzi la mtedza wakuda ndi lina la mtengo woyera - lomangidwa mu mawonekedwe a U osalekeza pa zolumikizira zozungulira zolumikizidwa. Aelbers amafunika kuonetsetsa kuti kapeti yofewa ya kasitomala wake sinaphimbidwe ndi miyendo yopyapyala ya tebulo. Amafunikira mapaipi okongola komanso osawoneka bwino kuti kapetiyo iwonekere bwino momwe angathere. Anaitanitsa zitsanzo kuchokera ku Timeless kuti atsimikizire kuti ali ndi kukula koyenera kwa chubu.
Katswiri wokonza zitsulo Daniel Boteler amagwiritsa ntchito zolumikizira kulumikiza machubu m'makona, zomwe akunena kuti "n'zosavuta kuposa kupanga madigiri 45 pa sosi" ndipo zimapangitsa kuti zikhale bwino. Cholumikiziracho chimakhala chosalala chifukwa ndi cholumikizira cholunjika m'malo mwa cholumikizira cha fillet. Ndi zaka 20 zaukadaulo wopanga zitsulo, Boteler akuti angakonde kugwiritsanso ntchito machubu achitsulo opangidwa.
Miyendo ya tebulo yozungulira imapakidwa mchenga kuti iwoneke ngati yoyambirira. Albers amagwiritsa ntchito utoto ndi sera wa njuchi kuti apange chophimba chachitsulo "chosalowa zipolopolo" chomwe amasakaniza yekha. Atafunsidwa chifukwa chake anali kuyesetsa kwambiri kupeza mawonekedwe oyenera a chitolirocho, Albers anafotokoza kuti: "Zonsezi zili muzinthu zobisika. Anthu ambiri adzazindikira kuti akuchikonda, koma sakudziwa kwenikweni. Chifukwa chake, pokhapokha ngati ali ndi chidziwitso chapadera. Ndi chatsopano m'maso - malingaliro osazindikira mwina amadziwa kuti ndi chatsopano. Amadziwa kuti sichikuwoneka ngati tebulo la pikiniki m'paki," adatero.
Kuchokera ku Tokyo mpaka ku Topeka, Timeless nthawi zonse imapereka machubu padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo North America ndiye msika waukulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. McMillan adatsimikiza kuti makasitomala sangapeze mawonekedwe ndi kukula kofanana kapena mtundu womwewo kwina kulikonse.
"Mwachionekere pali ndalama zotumizira zomwe ziyenera kuganiziridwa, koma ngati khalidwe ndilofunika kwambiri, ndi ndalama zomwe ziyenera kulipidwa," adatero.
Kuwonjezera pa zinthu zamakono monga tebulo la Synergigi, Timeless yawonanso kubwezeretsedwa kwa mawonekedwe achikhalidwe. Opanga mapulani a kampaniyo nthawi zambiri amapemphedwa kuti abwereze kapena kubwezeretsa zitsulo ndi mawonekedwe akale. Pafupifupi ziboliboli, ma oval awo opindika komanso machubu ozungulira amakumbutsa mipando yozungulira ya m'zaka za zana la 17.
"Machubu athu opindika akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito pa zaluso, ziboliboli ndi mapangidwe apamwamba a magetsi, komanso ma balustrade apadera," akutero McMillan. "Mu nthawi yopanga ma robotic, ndikukhulupirira kuti anthu akufuna kuwona zaluso. Ojambula ndi opanga mapulani amazindikira kuti angagwiritse ntchito machubu athu kuti akonze mapangidwe awo."
Kupatula ntchito zomangira ndi zokongoletsera, mwayi wina ukuyembekezera. Mu mzinda uliwonse kapena madera akumidzi, komwe anthu amagwiritsa ntchito zomangamanga, McMillan amakhulupirira kuti mapulogalamu amatha kuwonjezera luso m'malo mwa zinthu wamba kapena zosasangalatsa.
"Ndimakonda lingaliro logwiritsa ntchito ma ducts kuti ndibise ma vents osakongola, kapena kuwonjezera kalembedwe ku masitepe ogwira ntchito," akutero. "Timakhulupirira kuti, mokongola, moyenera komanso nthawi zina kapangidwe kake, kutalika kwa machubu omwe adapangidwa ndi kupangidwa ndi njira ina yabwino kuposa machubu wamba ozungulira."
Magazini ya Tube & Pipe Journal inakhala magazini yoyamba yodzipereka kutumikira makampani opanga mapaipi achitsulo mu 1990. Masiku ano, ikadali magazini yokhayo ku North America yodzipereka ku makampani opanga mapaipi ndipo yakhala gwero lodalirika kwambiri la chidziwitso kwa akatswiri opanga mapaipi.
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