Ukukhiqizwa kwepayipi noma ipayipi okuphumelelayo nokuphumelelayo kudinga ukwenziwa ngcono kwemininingwane eyi-10,000, okuhlanganisa nokugcinwa kwemishini. Njengoba kunezingxenye eziningi ezihambayo kuzo zonke izinhlobo zomshini wokugaya kanye nayo yonke imishini engaphandle, ukunamathela esimisweni sokulungisa esinconywe ngumenzi akuwona umsebenzi olula. Isithombe: T & H Lemont Inc.
Inothi Lomhleli: Lena yingxenye yokuqala yochungechunge olunezingxenye ezimbili mayelana nokwenza ngcono ukusebenza kwepayipi noma umshini wokugaya amapayipi. Funda ingxenye yesibili.
Ukukhiqiza imikhiqizo yeshubhu kungaba nzima, ngisho nangaphansi kwezimo ezinhle kakhulu. Amafektri ayinkimbinkimbi, adinga ukulungiswa njalo, futhi kuye ngokuthi akhiqiza ini, ukuncintisana kuyashesha. Abakhiqizi abaningi bamapayipi ensimbi bangaphansi kwengcindezi enkulu yokwandisa isikhathi sokusetshenziswa ukuze bandise imali engenayo, bengenaso isikhathi esibalulekile sokulungisa njalo.
Akukho simo esihle kakhulu embonini kulezi zinsuku. Izinto zokwakha ziyabiza futhi ukulethwa kwengxenye akuvamile. Manje kunanini ngaphambili, abakhiqizi bamapayipi badinga ukwandisa isikhathi sokusebenza futhi banciphise udoti, futhi ukuthola ukulethwa kwengxenye kusho ukunciphisa isikhathi sokusebenza. Ukugijima okufushane kusho ukushintshashintsha okuvamile, okungesona ukusetshenziswa kwesikhathi noma umsebenzi ngendlela efanele.
“Isikhathi sokukhiqiza siphezulu kakhulu njengamanje,” kusho uMark Prasek, uMphathi Wokuthengisa we-North American Tubing kwa-EFD Induction.
Izingxoxo nochwepheshe bemboni ngamathiphu namasu okuzuza kakhulu esitshalweni sakho zembule ezinye izihloko eziphindaphindayo:
Ukuqhuba isitshalo ngokusebenza kahle kakhulu kusho ukuthuthukisa izici eziningi, eziningi zazo ezisebenzisana nezinye, ngakho-ke ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwesitshalo akulula ngempela. Izwi Elingcwele lombhali wephephandaba i-Tube & Pipe Journal wangaphambilini uBud Graham unikeza umbono othi: “I-tube mill iyisiphathi samathuluzi.” Ukukhumbula lesi sisho kusiza ukugcina izinto zilula. Ukuqonda ukuthi ithuluzi ngalinye lenzani, ukuthi lisebenza kanjani, nokuthi ithuluzi ngalinye lisebenzisana kanjani namanye amathuluzi cishe ingxenye yesithathu yempi. Ukugcina konke kugcinwe futhi kuqondile kungenye ingxenye yesithathu yayo. Ingxenye yesithathu yokugcina ihilela izinhlelo zokuqeqesha opharetha, amasu okuxazulula izinkinga, kanye nezinqubo ezithile zokusebenza ezihlukile kumkhiqizi wepayipi noma wepayipi ngamunye.
Into eyinhloko okufanele icatshangelwe ukuze kusetshenziswe umshini wokugaya kahle ukuthi umshini awudingi ugesi. Lokhu kuyizinto zokusetshenziswa. Ukuthola umkhiqizo ophezulu kakhulu kusuka kumshini wokugaya kusho ukuthola umkhiqizo ophezulu kakhulu kusuka kukhoyili ngayinye edluliselwa kumshini wokugaya. Kuqala ngesinqumo sokuthenga.
ubude bekhoyili. UNelson Abbey, umqondisi weFives Bronx Inc. Abbey Products, uthe: “Ama-tube mills ayachuma uma amakhoyili ende kakhulu. Umshini wokwenza amakhoyili amafushane kusho ukuthi usebenzisa amakhoyili amaningi. Umshini ngamunye wokwenza amakhoyili udinga i-butt weld. Umshini ngamunye wokwenza amakhoyili ukhiqiza izingcezu.
Ubunzima lapha ukuthi amakhoyili amade ngangokunokwenzeka angathengiswa ngentengo ephezulu. Amakhoyili amafushane angase atholakale ngamanani angcono. Ama-ejenti okuthenga angase afune ukonga imali ethile, kodwa lokhu akuhambisani nombono wabasebenzi bokukhiqiza. Cishe wonke umuntu ophethe ifektri angavuma ukuthi umehluko wentengo kuzodingeka ube mkhulu ukuze kulungiswe ukulahlekelwa komkhiqizo okuhambisana nokuvalwa okwengeziwe kwefektri.
Okunye okucatshangelwayo, kusho u-Abbey, amandla omshini wokukhipha ugesi kanye nanoma yiziphi ezinye izithiyo ekugcineni komshini wokugaya. Kungadingeka ukutshala imali emishinini yokungena enamandla aphezulu ukuze kuphathwe amakhoyili amakhulu, asindayo ukuze kuzuze izinzuzo zokuthenga amakhoyili amakhulu.
I-slitter nayo iyisici, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi i-slitting yenziwa ngaphakathi noma ngaphandle. Ama-slitter anesisindo nobubanzi obukhulu kakhulu angabuphatha, ngakho-ke ukuthola ukufana okuhle phakathi kwama-coil nama-slitter kubalulekile ekwandiseni ukusebenza kahle.
Ngamafuphi, lokhu kuhlobene phakathi kwezici ezine: ubukhulu nesisindo sekhoyili, ububanzi obudingekayo be-slitter, umthamo we-slitter, kanye nomthamo wemishini yokungena.
Ububanzi bekhoyili nesimo sayo. Esitolo, akusho ukuthi amakhoyili kufanele abe nobubanzi obufanele kanye nesilinganiso esifanele sokwenza umkhiqizo, kodwa amaphutha ayenzeka ngezikhathi ezithile. Abaqhubi bemishini bavame ukukhokhela ububanzi bemichilo emincane kakhulu noma emikhulu kakhulu, kodwa lokhu kuyindaba nje yezinga. Ukunaka ngokucophelela ububanzi bemichilo ye-slit kubalulekile.
Isimo somphetho womcu siyinkinga ebaluleke kakhulu. Ukuvezwa komphetho okuhambisanayo, ngaphandle kwama-burrs noma okunye ukungahambisani, kubalulekile ekugcineni ama-weld ahambisanayo ngobude bomcu, kusho uMichael Strand, umongameli we-T&H Lemont. Ukugoqa kokuqala, ukusika nokubuyisela emuva nakho kuyabandakanyeka. Ama-coil angaphathwanga ngokucophelela angagoba, okuyinto eyinkinga. Inqubo yokwakha eyakhiwa onjiniyela be-roll die iqala ngomcu oyisicaba kunokuba umcu ogobile.
Amanothi Amathuluzi. “Umklamo omuhle wesikhunta ukhulisa ukusebenza kahle,” kusho uStan Green, umphathi jikelele we-SST Forming Roll Inc. Uveza ukuthi ayikho isu elilodwa lokwakha amashubhu, ngakho-ke akukho isu elilodwa lokuklama isikhunta. Abahlinzeki bamathuluzi e-roll bayahlukahluka endleleni abawacubungula ngayo amashubhu kanye nemikhiqizo yabo. Izithelo nazo ziyahlukahluka.
“Irediyasi yobuso bokugoqa ishintsha njalo, ngakho ijubane lokujikeleza lethuluzi liyashintsha kuyo yonke indawo yamathuluzi,” esho. Vele, ithubhu lidlula esigayweni ngesivinini esisodwa kuphela. Ngakho-ke, ukwakheka kuthinta isivuno. Ukwakheka okubi kudlalisa izinto lapho ithuluzi lilisha, futhi kuba kubi kakhulu njengoba ithuluzi liguga, wanezela.
Ezinkampanini ezingalandeli indlela yokuqeqesha nokulungisa, ukuthuthukisa isu lokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwezitshalo kuqala ngezinto eziyisisekelo.
“Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ifektri injani kanye nemikhiqizo eyenzayo, zonke izimboni zinezinto ezimbili ezifanayo—abaqhubi kanye nezinqubo zokusebenza,” kusho u-Abbey. Ukuqhuba ifektri ngokungaguquki ngangokunokwenzeka kuyindaba yokuhlinzeka ngoqeqesho olujwayelekile kanye nokulandela izinqubo ezibhaliwe, esho. Ukungahambisani ekuqeqeshweni kungaholela ekwehlukeni ekusethweni nasekuxazululeni izinkinga.
Ukuze uthole okuningi esitshalweni, kusukela kumqhubi kuya kumqhubi, i-shift kuya ku-shift, umqhubi ngamunye kumele asebenzise izinqubo zokusetha ezihambisanayo kanye nokuxazulula izinkinga. Noma yikuphi ukungezwani kwenqubo ngokuvamile kuyindaba yokungaqondani, imikhuba emibi, izinqamuleli, kanye nezindlela zokuxazulula izinkinga. Lokhu kuhlala kwenza kube nzima ukuqhuba isitshalo kahle. Lezi zinkinga zingase zikhule ekhaya noma zingeniswe lapho opharetha abaqeqeshwe beqashwa kubancintisani, kodwa umthombo awuwenzi mehluko. Ukuvumelana kubalulekile, kufaka phakathi opharetha abaletha ulwazi.
“Kuthatha iminyaka ukuqeqesha umqhubi womshini wokugaya amapayipi, futhi awukwazi ukuthembela ohlelweni olufanele wonke umuntu,” kusho uStrand. “Yonke inkampani idinga uhlelo lokuqeqesha olufanela ifektri yayo kanye nemisebenzi yayo.”
“Izihluthulelo ezintathu zokusebenza kahle ukulungiswa komshini, ukulungiswa kwezinto ezisetshenziswayo kanye nokulinganiswa,” kusho uDan Ventura, umongameli weVentura & Associates. “Umshini unezingxenye eziningi ezihambayo – kungaba yi-mill uqobo noma izinto ezisetshenziswayo endaweni yokungena noma yokuphuma, noma itafula lokushaya, noma yini onayo – futhi ukulungiswa okuvamile kubalulekile ukugcina umshini usesimweni esihle.”
UStrand uyavuma. “Ukusebenzisa uhlelo lokuhlola ukulungiswa kokuvimbela yilapho konke kuqala khona,” esho. “Kunikeza ithuba elihle kakhulu lokuphatha ifektri ngenzuzo. Uma umkhiqizi wamapayipi esabela kuphela ezimweni eziphuthumayo, akalawuleki. Kungaphansi kwesimo esibucayi esilandelayo.”
“Yonke imishini esemshinini wokugaya kufanele ihambisane,” kusho uVentura. “Ngaphandle kwalokho, ifektri izozilwela yona.”
“Ezimweni eziningi, uma ama-roll edlula isikhathi sawo sokusebenza, asebenza kanzima futhi ekugcineni aqhekeke,” kusho uVentura.
“Uma imiqulu ingagcinwa isesimweni esihle ngokulungiswa njalo, khona-ke idinga ukulungiswa okuphuthumayo,” kusho uVentura. Uma amathuluzi enganakwa, ukuwalungisa kuzodinga ukususa inani eliphindwe kabili noma kathathu lezinto ebezizosuswa, esho. Kuthatha isikhathi eside futhi kubiza kakhulu.
Ukutshala imali kumathuluzi okusekela kungasiza ekuvimbeleni izimo eziphuthumayo, kusho uStrand. Uma ithuluzi livame ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside, kuzodingeka izingxenye ezengeziwe ezisele kunethuluzi elingasetshenziswa njalo ekusebenzeni isikhathi esifushane. Umsebenzi wethuluzi uphinde uthinte izinga lokugcina. Amafin angaphuma ethuluzini lefin futhi ama-weld roll angathinteka ukushisa kwebhokisi le-weld, izinkinga ezingaphazamisi ukwakheka nobukhulu bemiqulu.
“Ukugcinwa njalo kuhle emishinini, futhi ukuhlelwa kahle kuhle emikhiqizweni eyenzayo,” esho. Uma lokhu kunganakwa, abasebenzi basefektri bachitha isikhathi esiningi bezama ukulungisa lokho. Lesi sikhathi singasetshenziswa ekwenzeni imikhiqizo emihle nethengiswa kakhulu. Lezi zici ezimbili zibaluleke kakhulu futhi zivame ukunganakwa noma zinganakwa kangangokuthi, ngokombono kaVentura, zinikeza ithuba elihle kakhulu lokuthola okuningi esitshalweni, ukwandisa isivuno nokunciphisa udoti.
I-Ventura ifanisa ukulungiswa kwemishini kanye nokusetshenziswa kwayo nokulungiswa kwemoto. Akekho ozoshayela imoto ibanga elingamakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane phakathi kokushintsha uwoyela ngamathayi angenalutho. Lokhu kuzoholela ezixazululweni ezibizayo noma ekubhujisweni, ngisho nasezitshalweni ezinganakekelwa kahle.
Ukuhlolwa njalo kwethuluzi ngemva kokugijima ngakunye nakho kuyadingeka, esho. Amathuluzi okuhlola angase aveze izinkinga ezifana nokuqhekeka kwemigqa emincane. Umonakalo onjalo utholakala ngokushesha nje lapho ithuluzi lisuswa emshinini wokugaya, kunokuba ngokushesha ngaphambi kokuba ithuluzi lifakwe ukuze ligijime ngokulandelayo, okunikeza isikhathi esiningi sokwenza ithuluzi elizongena esikhundleni salo.
“Ezinye izinkampani zisebenza ngesikhathi sokuvalwa okuhleliwe,” kusho uGreen. Wayazi ukuthi kuzoba nzima ukuhambisana nokuvalwa okuhleliwe kulesi simo, kodwa waveza ukuthi kuyingozi kakhulu. Izinkampani zokuthumela impahla nezimpahla zigcwele kakhulu noma azinabasebenzi abanele, noma kokubili, kangangokuthi ukulethwa kwempahla akufiki ngesikhathi kulezi zinsuku.
“Uma into iphuka efektri bese kufanele u-ode enye, uzokwenzenjani ukuze ilethwe?” ebuza. Yiqiniso, ukuthutha ngendiza kuhlale kuyindlela yokukhetha, kodwa kungakhuphula izindleko zokuthumela.
Ukulungiswa kwemishini yokugaya kanye neyokugoqa kungaphezu nje kokulandela isimiso sokulungisa, kodwa ukuhlanganisa isimiso sokulungisa nesimiso sokukhiqiza.
Kuzo zonke izindawo ezintathu - ukusebenza, ukuxazulula izinkinga kanye nokugcinwa, ububanzi kanye nokujula kwesipiliyoni kubalulekile. UWarren Wheatman, iphini likamongameli we-T&H Lemont's Die Business Unit, uthe izinkampani ezinemishini eyodwa noma ezimbili kuphela yokukhiqiza amapayipi azo zivame ukuba nabantu abambalwa abazinikele ekugcinweni kwemishini kanye nokugcinwa kwemishini. Ngisho noma abasebenzi bokulungisa benolwazi, iminyango emincane inolwazi oluncane kuneminyango emikhulu yokulungisa, okubeka abasebenzi abancane engozini. Uma inkampani ingenawo umnyango wobunjiniyela, umnyango wokulungisa kufanele uzenzele ukulungisa izinkinga kanye nokulungisa ngokwawo.
UStrand wengeze ngokuthi ukuqeqeshwa kweminyango yokusebenza nokugcinwa manje kubaluleke kakhulu kunanini ngaphambili. Igagasi lokuthatha umhlalaphansi elihlobene nokuguga kwezingane ezizalwa ngemva kweminyaka yokuthomba lisho ukuthi ulwazi lwesizwe olwaluke lwashukumisa izinkampani seluyaphela. Nakuba abakhiqizi abaningi bamapayipi bengase bathembele ekubonisaneni nabahlinzeki bemishini kanye neseluleko, ngisho nalolu lwazi aluningi njengoba lwalunjalo ngaphambili futhi luyancipha.
Inqubo yokushisela ibaluleke njenganoma iyiphi enye inqubo eyenzeka lapho kukhiqizwa ipayipi noma ipayipi, futhi indima yomshini wokushisela ayikwazi ukulinganiselwa ngokweqile.
Ukushisela ngokufakwa ko ...
Uthe abaningi babesemuva kwemigomo eyisishiyagalombili ngoba izinto zokusetshenziswa zifike sekwephuzile. “Ngokuvamile lapho izinto zokusetshenziswa ziphuma ekugcineni, umshini wokushisela uyawa,” esho. Inani elimangalisayo labakhiqizi bamashubhu basebenzisa ngisho nemishini esekelwe kubuchwepheshe bamashubhu e-vacuum, okusho ukuthi basebenzisa imishini okungenani eneminyaka engama-30 ubudala yokunakekelwa. Ulwazi lwenkonzo yale mishini alubanzi, futhi amashubhu angena esikhundleni sawo kunzima ukuwathola.
Inselele yabakhiqizi bamapayipi abasawasebenzisa ukuthi aguga kanjani. Awahluleki ngendlela eyingozi, kodwa ancipha kancane. Esinye isisombululo ukusebenzisa ukushisa okuncane kokushisela bese usebenzisa umshini ngesivinini esiphansi ukuze ubuyisele imali, okungagwema kalula imali eningi yokutshala imali emshinini omusha. Lokhu kudala umuzwa wamanga wokuthi konke kuhamba kahle.
Ukutshala imali emthonjeni omusha wamandla okushisela ngokufakwa komoya kunganciphisa kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kukagesi kwesitshalo, kusho uPrasek. Ezinye izifundazwe—ikakhulukazi lezo ezinabantu abaningi kanye nezindawo ezicindezelekile—zinikeza izaphulelo ezinkulu zentela ekuthengweni kwemishini eyonga amandla. Isisusa sesibili sokutshala imali emikhiqizweni emisha yithuba lamathuba amasha okukhiqiza, wanezela.
“Ngokuvamile, iyunithi entsha yokushisela isebenza kahle kakhulu kunendala, futhi ingonga izinkulungwane zamaRandi ngokunikeza amandla amaningi okushisela ngaphandle kokuthuthukisa isevisi kagesi,” kusho uPrasek.
Ukuqondaniswa kwekhoyili yokungenisa kanye ne-resistor nakho kubalulekile. UJohn Holderman, umphathi jikelele we-EHE Consumables, uthi ikhoyili yokungenisa ekhethwe kahle futhi efakiwe inesikhundla esifanele uma kuqhathaniswa nomqulu wokuwelda, futhi idinga ukugcina ukuvuleka okufanele nokungaguquguquki okuzungeze ithubhu. Uma isethwe ngendlela engafanele, ikhoyili izohluleka ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
Umsebenzi wesivimbeli ulula – uvimba ukuhamba kwamandla kagesi, uqondise emaphethelweni estrip – futhi njengakho konke okunye okusegayweni, ukubeka indawo kubalulekile, usho kanje. Indawo efanele iphezulu kwe-weld, kodwa akusikho kuphela okucatshangelwayo. Ukufakwa kubalulekile. Uma iboshelwe ku-mandrel engaqinile ngokwanele ukuyisekela, indawo yesivimbeli ingashintsha, empeleni ihudula i-ID phansi kwepayipi.
Sisebenzisa izitayela zokuklama okusebenzisekayo kokushisela, umqondo we-split coil ungaba nomthelela omkhulu ekusebenzeni kwesikhathi sokusebenza kwesigayo.
“Izigayo ezinkulu ezinobubanzi obude bezilokhu zisebenzisa imiklamo yekhoyili ehlukanisiwe isikhathi eside,” kusho uHaldeman. “Ukushintsha ingxenye eyodwa yekhoyili yokungenisa kudinga ukusika ipayipi, ukufaka esikhundleni ikhoyili bese uyiphinda uyifake uthayela,” kusho yena. Umklamo wekhoyili ehlukanisiwe uza ngezingxenye ezimbili, okusindisa sonke isikhathi sakho nomzamo.
“Zisetshenziswe ezigayweni ezinkulu zokugoqa, kodwa kudinge ubunjiniyela obusezingeni eliphezulu ukusebenzisa lesi simiso kuma-coil amancane,” kusho yena. “Akusebenzi kakhulu kumenzi.” Ama-coil amancane anezicucu ezimbili anehadiwe ekhethekile kanye nama-clamp aklanywe ngobuhlakani,” kusho yena.
Ngokuphathelene nenqubo yokupholisa ye-blocker, abakhiqizi bamapayipi banezinketho ezimbili zendabuko: uhlelo lokupholisa oluphakathi efektri noma uhlelo lwamanzi oluhlukile oluzinikele, olungabiza kakhulu.
“Kungcono ukupholisa i-resistor nge-coolant ehlanzekile,” kusho uHolderman. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ukutshalwa kwezimali okuncane ohlelweni lokuhlunga i-choke oluzinikele lwe-mill coolant kungandisa kakhulu impilo ye-choke.
Isithambisi sokugaya sivame ukusetshenziswa ekuchokeni, kodwa isithambisi sokugaya siqoqa izinhlawulo zensimbi. Naphezu kwayo yonke imizamo yokubamba izinhlawulo esihlungini esiphakathi noma ukuzibamba ngohlelo lwemagnethi oluphakathi, abanye abantu bayadlula futhi bathole indlela eya esihibeni. Lena akuyona indawo yezimpushana zensimbi.
“Ziyashisa ensimini yokungenisa bese zizishisa zingene endlini yokumelana ne-ferrite, okubangela ukwehluleka kwangaphambi kwesikhathi bese zivala ukuze zithathe indawo ye-resistor,” kusho uHolderman. “Ziphinde zakhele phezu kwama-coil okungenisa futhi ekugcineni zidale umonakalo ovela ekugoqeni lapho.”