2. Qonda izinhlobo ezintathu zamasistimu amapayipi: i-HVAC (hydraulic), amapayipi (amanzi asendlini, indle kanye nokukhipha umoya) namakhemikhali kanye nezinhlelo ezikhethekile zamapayipi (izinhlelo zamanzi olwandle namakhemikhali ayingozi).
Izinhlelo zamapayipi namapayipi zikhona ezintweni eziningi zokwakha.Abantu abaningi babone i-P-trap noma ipayipi efrijini ngaphansi kukasinki oholela futhi usuka ohlelweni lokuhlukanisa.Bambalwa abantu ababona amapayipi amakhulu kanjiniyela embonini emaphakathi noma uhlelo lokuhlanza amakhemikhali egumbini lempahla yokubhukuda.Ngalunye lwalezi zinhlelo zokusebenza ludinga uhlobo oluthile lwamapayipi oluhlangabezana nokucaciswayo, izingqinamba ezibonakalayo, amakhodi, nezinqubo ezingcono kakhulu zokuklama.
Asikho isixazululo esilula samapayipi esifanelana nazo zonke izinhlelo zokusebenza.Lezi zinhlelo zihlangabezana nazo zonke izidingo zomzimba nezekhodi uma imibandela yokuklama ethile ifinyelelwa futhi imibuzo efanele ibuzwa kubanikazi nabaqhubi.Ngaphezu kwalokho, bangakwazi ukugcina izindleko ezifanele futhi bahole izikhathi zokudala uhlelo lokwakha oluphumelelayo.
Amapayipi e-HVAC aqukethe uketshezi oluningi oluhlukene, izingcindezi namazinga okushisa.Ipayipi lingaba ngaphezulu noma ngaphansi kwezinga lomhlabathi futhi lidlule ngaphakathi noma ngaphandle kwesakhiwo.Lezi zici kufanele zicatshangelwe lapho kucaciswa amapayipi e-HVAC kuphrojekthi.Igama elithi “hydrodynamic cycle” lisho ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi njengendawo yokudlulisa ukushisa ukuze aphole futhi kufudumale.Ekufakweni ngakunye, amanzi anikezwa ngenani elinikeziwe lokugeleza kanye nezinga lokushisa.Ukudlulisa ukushisa okuvamile ekamelweni kwenziwa ikhoyili esuka emoyeni ukuya emanzini eklanyelwe ukubuyisela amanzi ezingeni lokushisa elimisiwe.Lokhu kuholela eqinisweni lokuthi inani elithile lokushisa lidluliswa noma lisuswe endaweni.Ukujikeleza kwamanzi okupholisa nokushisisa kuwuhlelo oluyinhloko olusetshenziselwa ukupholisa umoya ezindaweni ezinkulu zokuhweba.
Eziningi zezinhlelo zokusebenza zokwakha ezisezingeni eliphansi, ingcindezi yokusebenza yesistimu elindelekile ngokuvamile ingaphansi kwamaphawundi angu-150 iyintshi yesikwele (psig).I-hydraulic system (amanzi abandayo nashisayo) iyisistimu yesekethe evaliwe.Lokhu kusho ukuthi ingqikithi yekhanda eliguquguqukayo lephampu licabangela ukulahlekelwa okushayisanayo ohlelweni lwamapayipi, amakhoyili ahlobene, amavalvu nezinye izinsimbi.Ukuphakama okumile kwesistimu akuthinti ukusebenza kwepompo, kodwa kuthinta ingcindezi yokusebenza edingekayo yesistimu.Ama-coolers, ama-boilers, amaphampu, amapayipi kanye nezesekeli zilinganiselwe ingcindezi yokusebenza ye-psi engu-150, evamile kubakhiqizi bemishini kanye nezingxenye.Lapho kungenzeka khona, lesi silinganiso sokucindezela kufanele sigcinwe ekwakhiweni kwesistimu.Izakhiwo eziningi ezibhekwa njengeziphansi noma eziphakathi nendawo ziwela esigabeni sengcindezi yokusebenza ye-psi engu-150.
Ekwakhiweni kwesakhiwo esisezingeni eliphezulu, kuya ngokuya kuba nzima ukugcina izinhlelo zamapayipi nemishini ngaphansi kwezinga elingu-150 psi.Ikhanda lomugqa omile ngenhla cishe ngamamitha angu-350 (ngaphandle kokwengeza ukucindezela kwephampu ohlelweni) lizodlula isilinganiso sokucindezela esijwayelekile sokusebenza salezi zinhlelo (1 psi = 2.31 izinyawo zekhanda).Isistimu cishe izosebenzisa isinqamuli sokucindezela (ngendlela yesishintshi sokushisa) ukuze ihlukanise izimfuneko zengcindezi ephezulu yekholomu kuwo wonke amanye amapayipi axhunyiwe nezinto zokusebenza.Lo mklamo wesistimu uzovumela ukuklanywa nokufakwa kwezipholile zokucindezela okujwayelekile kanye nokucacisa amapayipi omfutho ophakeme kanye nezinsiza kumbhoshongo wokupholisa.
Lapho ecacisa amapayipi ephrojekthi enkulu yekhampasi, umklami/unjiniyela kufanele aqaphele ngokucophelela umbhoshongo namapayipi ashiwo endaweni yesikhulumi, abonise izidingo zabo ngazinye (noma izidingo zeqoqo uma izishintshi zokushisa zingasetshenziselwa ukuhlukanisa indawo yokucindezela).
Enye ingxenye yesistimu evaliwe ukuhlanzwa kwamanzi kanye nokususwa kwanoma yimuphi umoya-mpilo emanzini.Amasistimu amaningi asebenza ngaphansi kwamanzi afakwe uhlelo lokuhlanza amanzi oluhlanganisa amakhemikhali ahlukahlukene kanye nama-inhibitors ukuze agcine amanzi egeleza emapayipini nge-pH efanelekile (cishe u-9.0) kanye namazinga e-microbial ukulwa namapayipi ezinto eziphilayo kanye nokugqwala.Ukuzinzisa amanzi ohlelweni nokukhipha umoya kusiza ukwandisa ukuphila kwamapayipi, amaphampu ahlobene, amakhoyili namavalvu.Noma yimuphi umoya ovaleleke emapayipini ungabangela i-cavitation kumaphampu amanzi okupholisa nokushisisa futhi unciphise ukudluliswa kokushisa ku-cooler, boiler noma amakhoyili omjikelezo.
Ithusi: Uhlobo L, B, K, M noma C oludwetshiwe futhi oluqiniswe amashubhu ngokuhambisana ne-ASTM B88 kanye ne-B88M kuhlanganiswe ne-ASME B16.22 okufakwayo kwethusi okwenziwe nge-solder engenamthofu noma i-solder yezinhlelo zokusebenza ezingaphansi komhlaba.
Ipayipi eliqinile, uhlobo L, B, K (ngokuvamile lisetshenziswa kuphela ngaphansi kwezinga eliphansi) noma A nge-ASTM B88 kanye ne-B88M, ene-ASME B16.22 eyenziwe ngezinto zethusi ezixhunywe ngokunganamthofu noma ngaphezulu kokudayiswa komhlabathi.Leli bhubhu futhi livumela ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezifakwe uphawu.
Ishubhu yethusi yohlobo lwe-K iyishubhu ewugqinsi etholakalayo, ihlinzeka ngomfutho osebenzayo ongu-1534 psi.intshi ku-100 F intshi engu-½.Amamodeli u-L kanye no-M anezingcindezi zokusebenza eziphansi kune-K kodwa asafaneleka kahle ezinhlelweni zokusebenza ze-HVAC (ingcindezi isukela ku-1242 psi ku-100F kuya ku-12 in. kanye no-435 psi no-395 psi Lawa manani athathwe kuThebula 3a, 3b kanye no-3c we-Copper Tubing Development Guides eshicilelwe yi-Copper Tubing Guidesn.
Le ngcindezi yokusebenza ingeyokugijima kwamapayipi aqondile, okungavamisile ukugijima okunomkhawulo wesistimu.Ukufakwa nokuxhuma okuxhuma ubude obubili bepayipi kunamathuba amaningi okuthi kuvuze noma kuhluleke ngaphansi kwengcindezi yokusebenza kwamanye amasistimu.Izinhlobo zokuxhuma ezijwayelekile zamapayipi ethusi ziyi-welding, i-soldering noma ukuvala uphawu ngokucindezela.Lezi zinhlobo zokuxhuma kufanele zenziwe ngezinto ezingenamthofu futhi zilinganiselwe ingcindezi elindelekile ohlelweni.
Uhlobo ngalunye lokuxhuma luyakwazi ukugcina isistimu engavuzi lapho okokufaka kuvalwe kahle, kodwa lawa masistimu asabela ngendlela ehlukile lapho okokufaka kungavalwanga ngokugcwele noma kungagxiliwe.Amajoyinti e-solder kanye ne-solder kungenzeka ukuthi ahluleke futhi avuze lapho uhlelo luqala ukugcwaliswa futhi luhlolwe futhi isakhiwo singakahlali.Kulokhu, osonkontileka nabahloli bangakwazi ukunquma ngokushesha ukuthi ijoyinti livuza kuphi futhi balungise inkinga ngaphambi kokuba uhlelo lusebenze ngokugcwele futhi abagibeli nezinsimbi zangaphakathi zilimale.Lokhu kungaphinda kukhiqizwe ngokufakwa okuqinile okungavuzi uma indandatho yokuthola ukuvuza noma ukuhlanganisa kucacisiwe.Uma ungacindezeli wehle ukuze uhlonze indawo eyinkinga, amanzi angavuza ekufakeni njenge-solder noma i-solder.Uma ukufakwa okuqinile okuvuzayo kungacaciswanga ekwakhiweni, ngezinye izikhathi kuzohlala ngaphansi kwengcindezi ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kokwakhiwa futhi kungase kuhluleke kuphela ngemva kwesikhathi esithile sokusebenza, okuholela ekulimaleni okwengeziwe endaweni okuhlalwa kuyo kanye nokulimala okungenzeka kwabangaphakathi, ikakhulukazi uma amapayipi ashisayo ashisayo edlula emapayipini.amanzi.
Izincomo zokulinganisa amapayipi ethusi zisekelwe ezidingweni zemithethonqubo, izincomo zomkhiqizi kanye nezinqubo ezihamba phambili.Ekufakweni kwamanzi abandayo (izinga lokushisa lokuphakelwa kwamanzi ngokuvamile libe ngu-42 kuya ku-45 F), umkhawulo wesivinini onconyiwe wezinhlelo zamapayipi ekhopha ngamafidi angu-8 ngomzuzwana ukuze kwehliswe umsindo wesistimu nokunciphisa amandla okuguguleka/ukugqwala.Ezinhlelweni zamanzi ashisayo (imvamisa engu-140 kuya ku-180 F yokushisisa isikhala futhi kufika ku-205 F ngokukhiqizwa kwamanzi ashisayo asekhaya kumasistimu ayingxube), isilinganiso esinconyiwe samapayipi ethusi sincane kakhulu.I-Copper Tubing Manual ibala lezi zivinini njengamafidi angu-2 kuya kwangu-3 ngomzuzwana lapho izinga lokushisa lokuhlinzeka ngamanzi lingaphezu kuka-140 F.
Amapayipi ethusi ngokuvamile afika ngobukhulu obuthile, aze afike kumayintshi angu-12.Lokhu kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwethusi ezintweni eziyinhloko zekhampasi, njengoba le miklamo yezakhiwo ivame ukudinga ukudonsa okungaphezulu kwamayintshi angu-12.Kusukela esitshalweni esimaphakathi kuya emazingeni okushisa ahambisanayo.Ishubhu yethusi ijwayeleke kakhulu kuma-hydraulic systems 3 amayintshi noma ngaphansi ububanzi.Kumasayizi angaphezu kwamayintshi angu-3, ​​amashubhu ensimbi afakiwe asetshenziswa kakhulu.Lokhu kungenxa yomehluko wezindleko phakathi kwensimbi nethusi, umehluko ekusebenzeni kwepayipi likathayela uma liqhathaniswa nepayipi elishiselwe noma elibrazisiwe (ukufakwa kwengcindezi akuvunyelwe noma kunconywe umnikazi noma unjiniyela), kanye nesivinini esinconyiwe samanzi namazinga okushisa kulawa ngaphakathi kwepayipi ngalinye lezinto ezibonakalayo.
Insimbi: Ipayipi lensimbi elimnyama noma eliwuthayela nge-ASTM A 53/A 53M ene-ductile iron (ASME B16.3) noma insimbi ekhandiwe (ASTM A 234/A 234M) nokufakwa kwe-ductile iron (ASME B16.39).Ama-Flanges, okokufakwayo kanye nokuxhumana kwekilasi 150 kanye ne-300 kuyatholakala ngokufakwa okucushwe noma okune-flanged.Ipayipi lingashiselwa nge-filler metal ngokuhambisana ne-AWS D10.12/D10.12M.
Ivumelana ne-ASTM A 536 Class 65-45-12 Ductile Iron, ASTM A 47/A 47M Class 32510 Ductile Iron kanye ne-ASTM A 53/A 53M Class F, E, noma S Grade B Assembly Steel, noma i-ASTM A106, i-ASTM A106 yensimbi enamathiselwe ekupheleni kwe-lutting fitting.
Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, amapayipi ensimbi asetshenziswa kakhulu amapayipi amakhulu kumasistimu we-hydraulic.Lolu hlobo lwesistimu luvumela ukucindezelwa okuhlukahlukene, izinga lokushisa kanye nezidingo zosayizi ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zezinhlelo zamanzi ezibandayo nezishisayo.Ukuqokwa kwekilasi kwama-flange, okokufakwayo, nokufakwayo kubhekisela ekucindezelweni kokusebenza kwesitimu esigcwele ku-psi.intshi yento ehambisanayo.Ukufakwa kwe-Class 150 kuklanyelwe ukusebenza ngengcindezi yokusebenza engu-150 psi.intshi ku-366 F, kuyilapho ukufakwa kwe-Class 300 kunikeza ingcindezi yokusebenza engu-300 psi.ku-550 F. Ukufakwa kwe-Class 150 kunikeza ukucindezela kwamanzi okusebenzayo okungaphezulu kuka-300 psi.intshi ku-150 F, kanye nokufakwa kwe-Class 300 kunikeza ukucindezela kwamanzi okufika kokungu-2,000 psi.intshi ku-150 F. Ezinye izinhlobo zokufakwa ziyatholakala ngezinhlobo ezithile zamapayipi.Isibonelo, kuma-flange epayipi lensimbi ecijile kanye nokufakwa kwe-ASME 16.1 flanged, amabanga 125 noma 250 angasetshenziswa.
Amapayipi agxilile kanye nezinhlelo zokuxhuma zisebenzisa izisele ezisikiwe noma ezakhiwe ekugcineni kwamapayipi, okokufakwayo, amavalvu, njll. ukuze kuxhunywe phakathi kobude bepayipi ngalinye noma izixhumi ngohlelo lokuxhuma oluguquguqukayo noma oluqinile.Lawa ma-coupling ahlanganisa izingxenye ezimbili noma ngaphezulu eziboshiwe futhi anewasha kubhore yokuhlanganisa.Lezi zinhlelo zitholakala ngezinhlobo ze-flange ze-class 150 kanye ne-300 kanye nezinto ze-EPDM ze-gasket futhi ziyakwazi ukusebenza emazingeni okushisa oketshezi ukusuka ku-230 kuya ku-250 F (kuya ngosayizi wamapayipi).Ulwazi lwamapayipi omile luthathwe kumamanuwali we-Victaulic nemibhalo.
Isheduli 40 kanye namapayipi ensimbi angama-80 amukelekile kumasistimu e-HVAC.Ukucaciswa kwepayipi kubhekisela ekugqineni kodonga lwepayipi, okwandayo ngenombolo yokucaciswa.Ngokunyuka kodonga lwepayipi, ukucindezela okuvumelekile okusebenzayo kwepayipi eqondile nakho kuyanda.Isheduli yeshubhu engu-40 ivumela ingcindezi yokusebenza engu-1694 psi ngamayintshi angu-½.Ipayipi, 696 psi intshi 12 amayintshi (-20 ukuze 650 F).Ingcindezi yokusebenza evumelekile yeshubhu yeSheduli 80 ingu-3036 psi.intshi (½ intshi) kanye 1305 psi.intshi (amayintshi angu-12) (kokubili -20 kuya ku-650 F).Lawa manani athathwe esigabeni se-Watson McDaniel Engineering Data.
Amapulasitiki: Amapayipi epulasitiki e-CPVC, izisekelo zesokhethi ku-Specification 40 kanye ne-Specification 80 kuya ku-ASTM F 441/F 441M (ASTM F 438 kuya ku-Specification 40 kanye ne-ASTM F 439 kuya ku-Specification 80) nezinamatheliso ezincibilikayo (ASTM F493).
Ipayipi lepulasitiki le-PVC, izisekelo zesokhethi nge-ASTM D 1785 ishejuli 40 kanye neshejuli engu-80 (i-ASM D 2466 schedule 40 kanye ne-ASTM D 2467 schedule 80) kanye nezinamatheliso ezincibilikayo (ASTM D 2564).Kufaka i-primer ngayinye ye-ASTM F 656.
Kokubili amapayipi e-CPVC kanye ne-PVC afanele amasistimu asebenza ngaphansi komhlaba, nakuba nangaphansi kwalezi zimo ukunakekelwa kufanele kuthathwe lapho kufakwa lawa mapayipi kuphrojekthi.Amapayipi epulasitiki asetshenziswa kakhulu ezinhlelweni zamapayipi endle neyokungenisa umoya, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezingaphansi komhlaba lapho amapayipi angenalutho ehlangana khona ngqo nomhlabathi ozungezile.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukumelana nokugqwala kwamapayipi e-CPVC kanye ne-PVC kunenzuzo ngenxa yokubola kwenhlabathi ethile.Amapayipi kagesi ngokuvamile avaleleke futhi ambozwe ngeshede ye-PVC evikelayo enikeza isivikelo phakathi kwamapayipi ensimbi nomhlabathi ozungezile.Amapayipi epulasitiki angasetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ezincane zamanzi abandayo lapho kulindeleke khona ukucindezela okuphansi.Ingcindezi ephezulu yokusebenza yepayipi le-PVC idlula u-150 psi kubo bonke osayizi bamapayipi kufika kumayintshi angu-8, kodwa lokhu kusebenza kuphela emazingeni okushisa angu-73 F noma ngaphansi.Noma iliphi izinga lokushisa elingaphezu kuka-73°F lizonciphisa ingcindezi yokusebenza ohlelweni lwamapayipi ukuya ku-140°F.Isici esinciphisayo singu-0.22 kuleli zinga lokushisa kanye no-1.0 ku-73 F. Ubukhulu bokushisa bokusebenza obungu-140 F ngeleSheduli 40 kanye nepayipi le-PVC leSheduli 80.Ipayipi le-CPVC liyakwazi ukumelana nezinga lokushisa elibanzi lokusebenza, lilenze lifanelekele ukusetshenziswa kufika ku-200 F (enesici esinciphisayo esingu-0.2), kodwa linesilinganiso sokucindezela esifanayo njenge-PVC, esivumela ukuthi sisetshenziswe kuzinhlelo zokusebenza zesiqandisi esivamile esingaphansi komhlaba.izinhlelo zamanzi kufika kumayintshi angu-8.Kuzinhlelo zamanzi ashisayo ezigcina izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lamanzi lifika ku-180 noma 205 F, amapayipi e-PVC noma e-CPVC awanconywa.Yonke idatha ithathwe ekucacisweni kwepayipi le-Harvel PVC kanye nokucaciswa kwepayipi le-CPVC.
Amapayipi Amapayipi athwala uketshezi oluningi, okuqinile, namagesi.Kokubili uketshezi oluphuzwayo nolungaphuzwayo lugeleza kulawa masistimu.Ngenxa yezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zoketshezi oluqhutshwa ohlelweni lwamapayipi, amapayipi okukhulunywa ngawo ahlukaniswa njengamapayipi amanzi asekhaya noma amapayipi okukhipha amanzi kanye nokukhipha umoya.
Amanzi asekhaya: Ipayipi lethusi elithambile, i-ASTM B88 izinhlobo ze-K no-L, i-ASTM B88M izinhlobo A no-B, ezinokufakwa kokucindezela kwethusi (ASME B16.22).
I-Hard Copper Tubing, i-ASTM B88 Izinhlobo ze-L kanye ne-M, i-ASTM B88M Izinhlobo ze-B no-C, ezine-Cast Copper Weld Fittings (ASME B16.18), I-Wrought Copper Weld Fittings (ASME B16.22), Ama-Bronze Flanges (ASME B16.24) ) nokufakwa kwethusi (MCS SP-12).I-tube iphinde ivumele ukusetshenziswa kwezinsimbi ezivaliwe.
Izinhlobo zamapayipi ethusi namazinga ahlobene athathwe eSigabeni 22 11 16 se-MasterSpec.Ukuklanywa kwamapayipi ethusi okuhlinzekwa kwamanzi asekhaya kunqunyelwe izidingo zamazinga aphezulu okugeleza.Zicaciswe ekucacisweni kwepayipi ngale ndlela elandelayo:
Isigaba 610.12.1 se-Uniform Plumbing Code yangowezi-2012 sithi: Isivinini esiphezulu kupayipi lengxubevange yethusi kanye namasistimu okufaka akumele seqe amafidi angu-8 ngomzuzwana emanzini abandayo namafidi angu-5 ngomzuzwana emanzini ashisayo.Lawa manani aphinda futhi ku-Copper Tubing Handbook, esebenzisa lawa manani njengesivinini esinconyiwe salezi zinhlobo zamasistimu.
Thayipha amapayipi ensimbi engagqwali angu-316 ngokuhambisana ne-ASTM A403 kanye nokufakwa okufanayo usebenzisa ama-coupling ashiselwe noma ama-knurled amapayipi amakhulu amanzi asekhaya kanye nokushintshwa okuqondile kwamapayipi ethusi.Ngokukhuphuka kwentengo yethusi, amapayipi ensimbi engagqwali avame kakhulu ezinhlelweni zamanzi asekhaya.Izinhlobo zamapayipi namazinga ahlobene avela ku-Veterans Administration (VA) MasterSpec Section 22 11 00.
Ukuqamba okusha okuzosetshenziswa futhi kusetshenziswe ngo-2014 uMthetho Wobuholi Bamanzi Asezweni Asezweni.Lokhu ukuphoqelelwa kwenhlangano kwemithetho yamanje e-California nase-Vermont mayelana nokuqukethwe okuholayo emigwaqweni yamanzi kwanoma yimaphi amapayipi, ama-valve, noma izifakelo ezisetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zamanzi asekhaya.Umthetho uthi zonke izindawo ezimanzi zamapayipi, izinto ezifakwayo nezakhiwe kufanele “zingabi nomthofu”, okusho ukuthi umthamo omkhulu womthofu “awudluli isilinganiso esisindiwe esingu-0.25% (umthofu)”.Lokhu kudinga ukuthi abakhiqizi bakhiqize imikhiqizo yabalingisi engenawo umthofu ukuze ihambisane nezidingo zomthetho ezintsha.Imininingwane inikezwa yi-UL kuZiqondiso Zokuhola Ezingxenyeni Zamanzi Okuphuza.
Ukukhipha amanzi kanye nokukhipha umoya: Amapayipi okuthuthwa kwendle ensimbi engenamikhono nokufakwa okuhambisana ne-ASTM A 888 noma i-Cast Iron Sewer Piping Institute (CISPI) 301. Ukufakwa kwe-Sovent okuhambisana ne-ASME B16.45 noma i-ASSE 1043 kungasetshenziswa ngesistimu engami.
Amapayipi okuthuthwa kwensimbi okusansimbi kanye nokufakwa okuphekiwe kufanele kuhambisane ne-ASTM A 74, ama-gasket erabha (ASTM C 564) kanye nomthofu omsulwa kanye ne-oki noma i-hemp fiber sealant (ASTM B29).
Zombili izinhlobo zamapayipi zingasetshenziswa ezakhiweni, kodwa amapayipi angenawo amapayipi kanye nokufakwa kuvame ukusetshenziswa ngaphezu kwezinga eliphansi ezakhiweni zezentengiselwano.Amapayipi ensimbi okusansimbi ane-CISPI Plugless Fittings avumela ukufakwa unomphela, angahlelwa kabusha noma angafinyelelwa ngokukhipha izinsimbi zamabhande, kuyilapho kugcinwe ikhwalithi yepayipi lensimbi, elinciphisa ukugqabhuka komsindo emfudlaneni kadoti ngepayipi.Ububi bokufaka amapayipi ensimbi ukuthi amapayipi ayawohloka ngenxa yemfucuza ene-asidi etholakala ekufakweni okujwayelekile kwendawo yokugezela.
I-ASME A112.3.1 amapayipi ensimbi engagqwali nezixhumi ezineziphetho ezivuthayo nezivuthayo zingasetshenziselwa izinhlelo zokudonsa amanzi ezisezingeni eliphezulu esikhundleni samapayipi ensimbi.Amapayipi ensimbi engagqwali nawo asetshenziselwa ingxenye yokuqala yamapayipi, exhuma kusinki waphansi lapho umkhiqizo we-carbonated udonsa khona ukunciphisa umonakalo wokugqwala.
Ipayipi eliqinile le-PVC ngokuya nge-ASTM D 2665 (imisele, ukuphambukisa kanye nezintuba) kanye nepayipi lekhekheba lezinyosi le-PVC ngokuya nge-ASTM F 891 (I-Annex 40), ukuxhumana kwe-flare (ASTM D 2665 kuya ku-ASTM D 3311, imfucumfucu, imfucumfucu kanye nezimbobo) ezifanele ipayipi le-Schedule 40), i-adhesive 2M5 i-adhesive FAST6 prime (6M6 FAST) ne-adhesive 6MAST6 prime) ).Amapayipi e-PVC angatholakala ngenhla nangaphansi kwezinga lomhlabathi ezakhiweni zezentengiselwano, nakuba evame ukufakwa ohlwini ngaphansi kwezinga lomhlabathi ngenxa yokuqhekeka kwamapayipi kanye nezidingo ezikhethekile zokubusa.
Emkhakheni wokwakha we-Southern Nevada, i-2009 International Building Code (IBC) Amendment ithi:
603.1.2.1 Izinsiza.Amapayipi avuthayo avunyelwe ukufakwa ekamelweni lenjini, elivalwe ngesakhiwo esingashi nokushisa amahora amabili futhi avikelwe ngokugcwele izifafazi ezizenzakalelayo.Amapayipi avuthayo angase asetshenziswe esuka egumbini lezinto zokusebenza aye kwamanye amagumbi, inqobo nje uma amapayipi evalwe endaweni ekhethekile evunyelwe yamahora amabili ukumelana nomlilo.Lapho amapayipi anjalo avuthayo edlula ezindongeni zomlilo kanye/noma phansi/osilingini, ukungena kufanele kucaciswe okubalulekile okunamapayipi okunamabanga F kanye no-T angekho ngaphansi kokumelana nomlilo okudingekile ukuze ungene.Amapayipi avuthayo akufanele angene ngaphezu kwesendlalelo esisodwa.
Lokhu kudinga wonke amapayipi avuthayo (ipulasitiki noma ngenye indlela) ekhona esakhiweni Sekilasi 1A njengoba kuchazwe i-IBC ukuthi isongwe ngesakhiwo samahora angu-2.Ukusetshenziswa kwamapayipi e-PVC ezinhlelweni zokukhipha amanzi kunezinzuzo eziningana.Uma kuqhathaniswa namapayipi ensimbi, i-PVC imelana kakhulu nokugqwala kanye ne-oxidation ebangelwa udoti wasendlini yangasese kanye nomhlaba.Uma ebekwe ngaphansi komhlaba, amapayipi e-PVC nawo amelana nokugqwala kwenhlabathi ezungezile (njengoba kukhonjisiwe esigabeni samapayipi e-HVAC).Amapayipi e-PVC asetshenziswa ohlelweni lokudonsa amanzi angaphansi kwemikhawulo efanayo nesistimu ye-HVAC hydraulic, enezinga lokushisa eliphakeme lokusebenza elingu-140 F. Lokhu kushisa kugunyazwa futhi yizidingo ze-Uniform Piping Code kanye ne-International Piping Code, ebeka ukuthi noma yikuphi ukukhishwa kokulahlwa kwama-receptors kufanele kube ngaphansi kuka-140 F.
Isigaba 810.1 se-Uniform Plumbing Code yango-2012 sithi amapayipi esitimu akumele axhunywe ngokuqondile kusistimu yamapayipi noma yokukhipha amanzi, futhi amanzi angaphezu kuka-140 F (60 C) akumele akhishelwe ngqo kumsele onomfutho.
Isigaba 803.1 se-International Plumbing Code yangowezi-2012 sithi amapayipi esitimu akumele axhunywe ohlelweni lokudonsa amanzi noma kunoma iyiphi ingxenye yohlelo lwamapayipi amanzi, futhi amanzi angaphezu kuka-140 F (60 C) akumele akhishelwe kunoma iyiphi ingxenye yesistimu yokudonsa amanzi.
Amasistimu amapayipi akhethekile ahlotshaniswa nokuthuthwa koketshezi okungajwayelekile.Lolu ketshezi lungasukela emapayipini ezindawo zasolwandle ukuya emapayipini okuhlinzeka ngamakhemikhali ezinhlelweni zempahla yedamu lokubhukuda.Amasistimu okufaka amapayipi e-Aquarium awavamile ezakhiweni zezentengiselwano, kodwa afakwa kwamanye amahhotela anezinhlelo zamapayipi ezikude ezixhunywe ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene ukusuka ekamelweni lepompo eliphakathi.Insimbi engagqwali ibonakala iwuhlobo lwamapayipi olufanele lwezinhlelo zamanzi olwandle ngenxa yekhono layo lokuvimbela ukugqwala nezinye izinhlelo zamanzi, kodwa amanzi anosawoti empeleni angagqwala futhi agugule amapayipi ensimbi engagqwali.Ngezicelo ezinjalo, amapayipi olwandle epulasitiki noma enikeli yethusi e-CPVC ahlangabezana nezidingo zokugqwala;lapho ubeka la mapayipi endaweni enkulu yokuhweba, ukuvutha kwamapayipi kufanele kucatshangelwe.Njengoba kuphawuliwe ngenhla, ukusetshenziswa kwamapayipi avuthayo e-Southern Nevada kudinga enye indlela okufanele icelwe ukuze kuboniswe inhloso yokuthobela uhlobo lwekhodi olufanele lwesakhiwo.
Amapayipi okubhukuda ahlinzeka ngamanzi ahlanzekile okucwiliswa komzimba aqukethe inani elixutshiwe lamakhemikhali (12.5% ​​i-sodium hypochlorite bleach ne-hydrochloric acid ingasetshenziswa) ukugcina i-pH ethile kanye nebhalansi yamakhemikhali njengoba kudingwa umnyango wezempilo.Ngaphezu kwamapayipi amakhemikhali ahlanjululwayo, i-chlorine bleach egcwele namanye amakhemikhali kufanele kuthuthwe kusuka ezindaweni zokugcina izinto eziningi kanye namagumbi emishini ekhethekile.Amapayipi e-CPVC amelana namakhemikhali ekunikezeni i-chlorine bleach, kodwa amapayipi aphezulu e-ferrosilicon angasetshenziswa njengenye indlela yamapayipi amakhemikhali lapho edlula ezinhlotsheni zezakhiwo ezingashi (isb. Uhlobo 1A).Iqinile kodwa ishwabene kakhulu kunepayipi elivamile lensimbi eliwugqinsi futhi lisinda kunamapayipi aqhathaniswayo.
Lesi sihloko sidingida ambalwa nje amathuba amaningi okuklama amapayipi amapayipi.Zimelela izinhlobo eziningi zezinhlelo ezifakiwe ezakhiweni ezinkulu zezentengiselwano, kodwa kuzohlala kukhona okuhlukile emthethweni.Ingqikithi yokucaciswa okuyinhloko iyinsiza eyigugu ekunqumeni uhlobo lwamapayipi ohlelo olunikeziwe kanye nokuhlola imibandela efanelekile yomkhiqizo ngamunye.Ukucaciswa okujwayelekile kuzohlangabezana nezidingo zamaphrojekthi amaningi, kodwa abaklami nonjiniyela kufanele bakubuyekeze uma kuziwa emibhoshongweni ephakeme kakhulu, amazinga okushisa aphezulu, amakhemikhali ayingozi, noma izinguquko emthethweni noma endaweni.Funda kabanzi mayelana nezincomo zamapayipi kanye nemikhawulo ukuze wenze izinqumo ezinolwazi mayelana nemikhiqizo efakwe kuphrojekthi yakho.Amakhasimende ethu ayasethemba njengezingcweti zokuklama ukuze anikeze izakhiwo zawo ezinosayizi ofanele, imiklamo elinganiselayo futhi ethengekayo lapho amapayipi efinyelela ukuphila kwawo okulindelekile futhi angalokothi ahlangabezane nokwehluleka okuyinhlekelele.
UMat Dolan ungunjiniyela wephrojekthi e-JBA Consulting Engineers.Okuhlangenwe nakho kwakhe kusekuklanyweni kwe-HVAC eyinkimbinkimbi nezinhlelo zokufaka amapayipi ezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo zezakhiwo ezifana namahhovisi ezentengiselwano, izindawo zokunakekelwa kwezempilo kanye nezindawo zokungenisa izihambi, okuhlanganisa imibhoshongo yezivakashi esezingeni eliphezulu nezindawo zokudlela eziningi.
Ingabe unayo isipiliyoni kanye nolwazi lwezihloko ezishiwo kulokhu okuqukethwe?Kufanele ucabange ukufaka isandla ethimbeni labahleli be-CFE Media futhi uthole ukuqashelwa okufanele wena nenkampani yakho.Chofoza lapha ukuze uqale inqubo.