2. Utloisisa mefuta e meraro ea litsamaiso tsa liphaephe: HVAC (hydraulic), liphaephe (metsi a lapeng, likhoerekhoere le moea o kenang) le litsamaiso tsa lik'hemik'hale le tse khethehileng tsa liphaephe (litsamaiso tsa metsi a leoatle le lik'hemik'hale tse kotsi).
Litsamaiso tsa liphaephe le tsa liphaephe li teng likarolong tse ngata tsa meaho. Batho ba bangata ba bone P-trap kapa liphaephe tsa sehatsetsing li ntse li kenngoa tlas'a sinki e eang le e tsoang tsamaisong e arohaneng. Ke batho ba fokolang ba bonang liphaephe tsa boenjiniere tse ka sehloohong fekthering e bohareng kapa tsamaisong ea ho hloekisa lik'hemik'hale ka phapusing ea lisebelisoa tsa letamo. Ts'ebeliso ka 'ngoe ea tsena e hloka mofuta o itseng oa liphaephe tse fihlelang litlhaloso, lithibelo tsa 'mele, likhoutu le mekhoa e metle ea moralo.
Ha ho na tharollo e bonolo ea liphaephe e lumellanang le lits'ebetso tsohle. Litsamaiso tsena li fihlela litlhoko tsohle tsa 'mele le tsa khoutu haeba litekanyetso tse itseng tsa moralo li fihlelletsoe 'me lipotso tse nepahetseng li botsoa ho beng le basebetsi. Ho phaella moo, li ka boloka litšenyehelo tse nepahetseng le linako tsa pele ho theha sistimi e atlehileng ea kaho.
Liphaephe tsa HVAC li na le maro a mangata a fapaneng, likhatello le mocheso. Phaephe e ka ba kaholimo kapa ka tlase ho mobu 'me ea feta ka hare kapa kantle ho moaho. Lintlha tsena li lokela ho nahanoa ha ho hlalosoa liphaephe tsa HVAC morerong. Poleloana "hydrodynamic cycle" e bolela tšebeliso ea metsi e le mokhoa oa phetisetso ea mocheso bakeng sa ho pholisa le ho futhumatsa. Tšebelisong e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe, metsi a fanoa ka sekhahla le mocheso o itseng. Phetisetso e tloaelehileng ea mocheso ka phapusing e etsoa ke coil ea moea ho ea metsing e etselitsoeng ho khutlisa metsi mochesong o behiloeng. Sena se lebisa tabeng ea hore mocheso o itseng oa fetisetsoa kapa oa tlosoa sebakeng seo. Potoloho ea metsi a pholileng le a futhumatsang ke sistimi e ka sehloohong e sebelisetsoang libaka tse kholo tsa khoebo tse pholileng moea.
Bakeng sa lits'ebetso tse ngata tsa meaho e tlase, khatello e lebelletsoeng ea ts'ebetso ea sistimi hangata e ka tlase ho liponto tse 150 ka sekwere sa lisenthimithara (psig). Sistimi ea hydraulic (metsi a batang le a chesang) ke sistimi ea potoloho e koetsoeng. Sena se bolela hore hlooho e felletseng ea matla ea pompo e ela hloko tahlehelo ea khohlano tsamaisong ea liphaephe, likhoele tse amanang le eona, li-valve le lisebelisoa. Bophahamo bo sa fetoheng ba sistimi ha bo ame ts'ebetso ea pompo, empa bo ama khatello e hlokahalang ea ts'ebetso ea sistimi. Li-cooler, li-boiler, lipompo, liphaephe le lisebelisoa li lekantsoe bakeng sa khatello ea ts'ebetso ea psi e 150, e leng ntho e tloaelehileng bakeng sa bahlahisi ba lisebelisoa le likarolo. Moo ho khonehang, tekanyo ena ea khatello e lokela ho bolokoa moralong oa sistimi. Meaho e mengata e nkoang e le tlase kapa e bohareng e oela sehlopheng sa khatello ea ts'ebetso ea psi e 150.
Moralong oa meaho e meholo, ho ntse ho thatafala le ho feta ho boloka litsamaiso tsa liphaephe le lisebelisoa li le ka tlase ho tekanyetso ea psi e 150. Hlooho ea mola o sa sisinyeheng e kaholimo ho limithara tse ka bang 350 (ntle le ho eketsa khatello ea pompo tsamaisong) e tla feta tekanyo e tloaelehileng ea khatello ea ts'ebetso ea litsamaiso tsena (1 psi = hlooho ea limithara tse 2.31). Ho ka etsahala hore sistimi e sebelise sethibela-khatello (ka mokhoa oa phapanyetsano ea mocheso) ho arola litlhoko tse phahameng tsa khatello ea kholomo ho tsoa ho liphaephe tse ling tse hokahaneng le lisebelisoa. Moralo ona oa sistimi o tla lumella moralo le ho kenya li-cooler tse tloaelehileng tsa khatello hammoho le ho totobatsa liphaephe tse phahameng tsa khatello le lisebelisoa toreng ea ho pholisa.
Ha ho totobatsoa liphaephe bakeng sa projeke e kholo ea khamphase, moqapi/moenjiniere o tlameha ho tseba ka hloko tora le liphaephe tse boletsoeng bakeng sa sethala, ho bonahatsa litlhoko tsa bona ka bomong (kapa litlhoko tsa sehlopha haeba li-heat exchanger li sa sebelisoe ho arola sebaka sa khatello).
Karolo e 'ngoe ea sistimi e koetsoeng ke tlhoekiso ea metsi le ho tlosoa ha oksijene efe kapa efe metsing. Litsamaiso tse ngata tsa hydraulic li na le sistimi ea kalafo ea metsi e nang le lik'hemik'hale tse fapaneng le li-inhibitor ho boloka metsi a phalla ka har'a liphaephe ka pH e ntle ka ho fetisisa (hoo e ka bang 9.0) le maemo a likokoana-hloko ho loantša biofilms ea liphaephe le mafome. Ho tsitsisa metsi tsamaisong le ho tlosa moea ho thusa ho lelefatsa bophelo ba liphaephe, lipompo tse amanang le tsona, likhoele le li-valve. Moea ofe kapa ofe o tšoasehileng liphaepheng o ka baka ho ruruha liphaepheng tsa metsi tse pholileng le tse futhumatsang le ho fokotsa phetiso ea mocheso liphaepheng tse pholileng, boiler kapa likhoele tsa potoloho.
Koporo: Mofuta oa L, B, K, M kapa C o huloang le ho tiea ho latela ASTM B88 le B88M hammoho le li-fitting le li-fitting tsa koporo tse entsoeng ka ASME B16.22 tse nang le solder kapa solder e se nang loto bakeng sa ts'ebeliso ea ka tlas'a lefatše.
Phaephe e thatafetseng, mofuta oa L, B, K (ka kakaretso e sebelisoa feela ka tlase ho bophahamo ba mobu) kapa A ho latela ASTM B88 le B88M, ka li-fittings le li-fittings tsa koporo tse entsoeng ka ASME B16.22 tse hokahantsoeng ka ho kopanya ho se nang loto kapa ka holim'a mobu. Phaephe ena e boetse e lumella tšebeliso ea li-fittings tse koetsoeng.
Tube ea koporo ea Mofuta oa K ke tube e teteaneng ka ho fetisisa e fumanehang, e fanang ka khatello ea ho sebetsa ea lisenthimithara tse 1534 psi. ho 100 F bakeng sa lisenthimithara tse ½. Mefuta ea L le M e na le khatello e tlase ea ho sebetsa ho feta K empa e ntse e loketse lits'ebetso tsa HVAC (khatello e tloha ho 1242 psi ho 100F ho isa ho 12 in. le 435 psi le 395 psi Boleng bona bo nkiloe ho Litafole 3a, 3b le 3c tsa Tataiso ea Tube ea Koporo e phatlalalitsoeng ke Copper Development Assn.
Likhatello tsena tsa ts'ebetso ke tsa ho matha ka phaephe e otlolohileng, eo hangata e seng ho matha ka khatello ho sistimi. Li-fittings le likhokahano tse hokahanyang bolelele ba liphaephe tse peli li ka 'na tsa lutla kapa tsa hloleha tlas'a khatello ea ts'ebetso ea litsamaiso tse ling. Mefuta e tloaelehileng ea likhokahano bakeng sa liphaephe tsa koporo ke ho tjheseletsa, ho kopanya kapa ho tiisa ka khatello. Mefuta ena ea likhokahano e tlameha ho etsoa ka thepa e se nang loto le ho lekanngoa bakeng sa khatello e lebelletsoeng tsamaisong.
Mofuta o mong le o mong oa khokahano o khona ho boloka sistimi e se nang ho dutla ha sehokelo se koetsoe hantle, empa litsamaiso tsena li arabela ka tsela e fapaneng ha sehokelo se sa koaloa ka botlalo kapa ho kobeha. Lihokelo tsa solder le solder li ka 'na tsa hloleha le ho lutla ha sistimi e tlatsoa le ho lekoa pele 'me moaho o so sebelisoe. Tabeng ena, borakonteraka le bahlahlobi ba ka potlakela ho fumana moo sehokelo se lutlang teng 'me ba lokisa bothata pele sistimi e sebetsa ka botlalo 'me bapalami le mekhabiso ea kahare ba senyeha. Sena se ka boela sa hlahisoa hape ka lihokelo tse thata ho lutla haeba lesale la ho lemoha ho lutla kapa kopano e boletsoe. Haeba u sa hatelle ho fihlela tlase ho fumana sebaka sa bothata, metsi a ka lutla ho sehokelo joalo ka solder kapa solder. Haeba lihokelo tse thata ho lutla li sa boleloa moralong, ka linako tse ling li tla lula li le tlas'a khatello nakong ea teko ea kaho 'me li ka 'na tsa hloleha feela kamora nako ea ts'ebetso, e leng se fellang ka tšenyo e kholo sebakeng se sebelisoang le kotsi e ka bang teng ho baahi, haholo-holo haeba liphaephe tse chesang tse futhumetseng li feta liphaepheng.
Litlhahiso tsa boholo ba liphaephe tsa koporo li ipapisitse le litlhoko tsa melaoana, litlhahiso tsa moetsi le mekhoa e metle. Bakeng sa ts'ebeliso ea metsi a batang (mocheso oa phepelo ea metsi hangata ke 42 ho isa ho 45 F), moeli oa lebelo o khothaletsoang bakeng sa litsamaiso tsa liphaephe tsa koporo ke maoto a 8 ka motsotsoana ho fokotsa lerata la sistimi le ho fokotsa monyetla oa khoholeho/ts'enyeho. Bakeng sa litsamaiso tsa metsi a chesang (hangata 140 ho isa ho 180 F bakeng sa ho futhumatsa sebaka le ho fihlela ho 205 F bakeng sa tlhahiso ea metsi a chesang a lapeng litsamaisong tse kopantsoeng), moeli oa sekhahla o khothaletsoang bakeng sa liphaephe tsa koporo o tlase haholo. Buka ea Liphaephe tsa Koporo e thathamisa lebelo lena e le maoto a 2 ho isa ho a 3 ka motsotsoana ha mocheso oa phepelo ea metsi o le kaholimo ho 140 F.
Hangata liphaephe tsa koporo li tla ka boholo bo itseng, ho fihlela ho lisenthimithara tse 12. Sena se fokotsa tšebeliso ea koporo lits'ebeletsong tse kholo tsa khamphase, kaha meralo ena ea meaho hangata e hloka li-duct tse kholo ho feta lisenthimithara tse 12. Ho tloha fekthering e bohareng ho ea ho li-exchange tse amanang le mocheso. Liphaephe tsa koporo li atile haholo lits'ebetsong tsa hydraulic tse bophara ba lisenthimithara tse 3 kapa ka tlase. Bakeng sa boholo bo fetang lisenthimithara tse 3, liphaephe tsa tšepe tse nang le slotted li sebelisoa hangata. Sena se bakoa ke phapang ea litšenyehelo lipakeng tsa tšepe le koporo, phapang ea mosebetsi bakeng sa phaephe e kobehileng khahlanong le phaephe e welded kapa e nang le braze (li-fittings tsa khatello ha lia lumelloa kapa ha li khothalletsoe ke mong'a tsona kapa moenjiniere), le lebelo le khothaletsoang la metsi le mocheso ho tsena ka har'a phaephe ka 'ngoe ea thepa.
Tšepe: Phaephe e ntšo kapa ea tšepe e nang le galvanized ka ASTM A 53/A 53M e nang le lisebelisoa tsa tšepe e ductile (ASME B16.3) kapa tse entsoeng ka tšepe e betliloeng (ASTM A 234/A 234M) le lisebelisoa tsa tšepe e ductile (ASME B16.39). Li-flange, lisebelisoa le likhokahano tsa sehlopha sa 150 le 300 lia fumaneha ka lisebelisoa tse nang le khoele kapa tse flanged. Phaephe e ka tjheselletsoa ka tšepe e tlatsang ho latela AWS D10.12/D10.12M.
E lumellana le ASTM A 536 Sehlopha sa 65-45-12 Ductile Iron, ASTM A 47/A 47M Sehlopha sa 32510 Ductile Iron le ASTM A 53/A 53M Sehlopha sa F, E, kapa S Sehlopha sa B Kopano Tšepe, kapa ASTM A106, sehlopha sa tšepe B. Li-grooved kapa lug fittings bakeng sa ho hokela li-grooved end fittings.
Jwalo ka ha ho boletswe ka hodimo, diphaephe tsa tshepe di sebediswa haholo bakeng sa diphaephe tse kgolo ditsamaisong tsa haeteroliki. Mofuta ona wa sistimi o dumella ditlhoko tse fapaneng tsa kgatello, mocheso le boholo ho fihlela ditlhoko tsa ditsamaiso tsa metsi a batang le a futhumaditsweng. Dikgetho tsa sehlopha bakeng sa di-flange, di-fitting, le di-fitting di bua ka kgatello e sebetsang ya mouoane o tletseng ka psi. intshi ya ntho e tsamaellanang. Di-fitting tsa Sehlopha sa 150 di etseditswe ho sebetsa ka kgatello e sebetsang ya 150 psi. intshi ho 366 F, ha di-fitting tsa Sehlopha sa 300 di fana ka kgatello e sebetsang ya 300 psi. intshi ho 550 F. Di-fitting tsa Sehlopha sa 150 di fana ka kgatello e sebetsang ya metsi a sebetsang a fetang 300 psi. intshi ho 150 F, mme di-fitting tsa Sehlopha sa 300 di fana ka kgatello e sebetsang ya metsi a sebetsang a fihlang ho 2,000 psi. intshi ho 150 F. Mefuta e meng ya di-fitting e fumaneha bakeng sa mefuta e itseng ya diphaephe. ​​Mohlala, bakeng sa di-flange tsa diphaephe tsa tshepe tse entsweng le di-fitting tse flanged tsa ASME 16.1, dikereiti tsa 125 kapa 250 di ka sebediswa.
Litsamaiso tsa liphaephe tse kobehileng le tsa khokahano li sebelisa li-groove tse khaotsoeng kapa tse entsoeng lipheletsong tsa liphaephe, li-fitting, li-valve, jj. ho hokahanya pakeng tsa bolelele bo bong le bo bong ba phaephe kapa li-fitting ka sistimi ea khokahano e tenyetsehang kapa e thata. Li-coupling tsena li na le likarolo tse peli kapa ho feta tse nang le libolte 'me li na le mochini o hlatsoang ka har'a mokoti o kobehileng. Litsamaiso tsena li fumaneha ka mefuta ea li-flange tsa sehlopha sa 150 le 300 le thepa ea gasket ea EPDM 'me li khona ho sebetsa mochesong oa metsi ho tloha ho 230 ho isa ho 250 F (ho latela boholo ba phaephe). Tlhahisoleseling ea phaephe e kobehileng e nkiloe libukeng tsa litaelo tsa Victaulic le lingoliloeng.
Liphaephe tsa tšepe tsa Kemiso ea 40 le 80 lia amoheleha bakeng sa litsamaiso tsa HVAC. Tlhaloso ea phaephe e bolela botenya ba lebota la phaephe, bo eketsehang ka palo ea litlhaloso. Ka keketseho ea botenya ba lebota la phaephe, khatello e lumelletsoeng ea ho sebetsa ea phaephe e otlolohileng le eona ea eketseha. Sepeiti sa Kemiso ea 40 se lumella khatello ea ho sebetsa ea 1694 psi bakeng sa ½ inch. Phaephe, 696 psi inch bakeng sa 12 inches (-20 ho isa ho 650 F). Khatello e lumelletsoeng ea ho sebetsa bakeng sa sepeiti sa Kemiso ea 80 ke 3036 psi. inch (½ inch) le 1305 psi. inch (12 inches) (ka bobeli -20 ho isa ho 650 F). Litekanyetso tsena li nkiloe karolong ea Watson McDaniel Engineering Data.
Liplastiki: Liphaephe tsa polasetiki tsa CPVC, li-socket fittings ho ea ho Tlhaloso ea 40 le Tlhaloso ea 80 ho ea ho ASTM F 441/F 441M (ASTM F 438 ho ea ho Tlhaloso ea 40 le ASTM F 439 ho ea ho Tlhaloso ea 80) le likhomaretsi tse qhibilihang (ASTM F493).
Phaephe ea polasetiki ea PVC, li-socket fittings ho latela kemiso ea ASTM D 1785 ea 40 le kemiso ea 80 (kemiso ea ASM D 2466 ea 40 le kemiso ea ASTM D 2467 ea 80) le likhomaretsi tse qhibilihang (ASTM D 2564). E kenyelletsa primer ho latela ASTM F 656.
Liphaephe tsa CPVC le PVC ka bobeli li loketse litsamaiso tsa hydraulic tse ka tlase ho mobu, leha esita le tlas'a maemo ana ho lokela ho hlokomeloa ha ho kenngoa liphaephe tsena morerong. Liphaephe tsa polasetiki li sebelisoa haholo lits'ebetsong tsa likhoerekhoere le tsa moea, haholo-holo libakeng tse ka tlas'a lefatše moo liphaephe tse se nang letho li kopanang ka ho toba le mobu o potolohileng. Ka nako e ts'oanang, khanyetso ea mafome ea liphaephe tsa CPVC le PVC e molemo ka lebaka la mafome a mobu o mong. Liphaephe tsa hydraulic hangata li koaheloa ka sekoaelo sa PVC se sireletsang se fanang ka tšireletso pakeng tsa liphaephe tsa tšepe le mobu o potolohileng. Liphaephe tsa polasetiki li ka sebelisoa lits'ebetsong tse nyane tsa metsi a batang moo ho lebelletsoeng likhatello tse tlase. Khatello e phahameng ea ts'ebetso bakeng sa phaephe ea PVC e feta 150 psi bakeng sa boholo bohle ba liphaephe ho fihlela ho lisenthimithara tse 8, empa sena se sebetsa feela mochesong oa 73 F kapa ka tlase. Mocheso ofe kapa ofe o ka holimo ho 73°F o tla fokotsa khatello ea ts'ebetso tsamaisong ea liphaephe ho fihlela ho 140°F. Ntlha ea ho tlosa mocheso ke 0.22 mochesong ona le 1.0 ho 73 F. Mocheso o phahameng oa ts'ebetso oa 140 F ke oa phaephe ea PVC ea Schedule 40 le Schedule 80. Phaephe ea CPVC e khona ho mamella mocheso o pharaletseng oa ts'ebetso, e leng se etsang hore e lokele ho sebelisoa ho fihlela ho 200 F (ka ntlha ea ho tlosa mocheso ea 0.2), empa e na le tekanyo e tšoanang ea khatello le ea PVC, e lumellang hore e sebelisoe lits'ebetsong tse tloaelehileng tsa khatello ea sehatsetsing ka tlas'a lefatše. Litsamaisong tsa metsi a chesang tse bolokang mocheso o phahameng oa metsi ho fihlela ho 180 kapa 205 F, liphaephe tsa PVC kapa CPVC ha li khothalletsoe. Lintlha tsohle li nkiloe ho tsoa litlhalosong tsa phaephe ea Harvel PVC le litlhalosong tsa phaephe ea CPVC.
Liphaephe Liphaephe li na le metsi a mangata a fapaneng, lintho tse tiileng le likhase. Metsi a nooang le a sa nooang a phalla litsamaisong tsena. Ka lebaka la mefuta e mengata ea maro a tsamaisoang tsamaisong ea liphaephe, liphaephe tse amehang li arotsoe e le liphaephe tsa metsi tsa lapeng kapa liphaephe tsa drainage le tsa moea.
Metsi a lapeng: Phaephe e bonolo ea koporo, mefuta ea ASTM B88 K le L, mefuta ea ASTM B88M A le B, e nang le li-fittings tsa khatello ea koporo e teiloeng (ASME B16.22).
Lithapo tsa Koporo tse Thata, Mefuta ea ASTM B88 L le M, Mefuta ea ASTM B88M B le C, tse nang le Lisebelisoa tsa ho Weld tsa Koporo tse Lahliloeng (ASME B16.18), Lisebelisoa tsa ho Weld tsa Koporo tse Entsoeng (ASME B16.22), Li-Flanges tsa Boronse (ASME B16.24) ) le lisebelisoa tsa koporo (MCS SP-123). Phaephe e boetse e lumella tšebeliso ea lisebelisoa tse koetsoeng.
Mefuta ea liphaephe tsa koporo le maemo a amanang le tsona a nkiloe ho Karolo ea 22 11 16 ea MasterSpec. Moralo oa liphaephe tsa koporo bakeng sa phepelo ea metsi a malapeng o lekanyelitsoe ke litlhoko tsa sekhahla se phahameng sa phallo. Li hlalositsoe tlhalosong ea liphaephe ka tsela e latelang:
Karolo ea 610.12.1 ea Khoutu ea Liphaephe e Tšoanang ea 2012 e re: Lebelo le phahameng ka ho fetisisa liphaepheng tsa koporo le tsa alloy tsa koporo le litsamaiso tsa ho kenya ha lia lokela ho feta limithara tse 8 ka motsotsoana metsing a batang le limithara tse 5 ka motsotsoana metsing a chesang. Litekanyetso tsena li boetse li phetoa ho Copper Tubing Handbook, e sebelisang litekanyetso tsena e le lebelo le phahameng ka ho fetisisa le khothaletsoang bakeng sa mefuta ena ea litsamaiso.
Liphaephe tsa tšepe e sa hloekang tsa mofuta oa 316 ho latela ASTM A403 le lisebelisoa tse tšoanang tse sebelisang likhokahano tse lahletsoeng kapa tse nang le likhoele bakeng sa liphaephe tse kholo tsa metsi tsa lapeng le ho nkela liphaephe tsa koporo sebaka ka kotloloho. Ka theko e ntseng e phahama ea koporo, liphaephe tsa tšepe e sa hloekang li ntse li ata haholo lits'ebetsong tsa metsi tsa lapeng. Mefuta ea liphaephe le maemo a amanang le tsona a tsoa ho Veterans Administration (VA) MasterSpec Karolo ea 22 11 00.
Tlhahiso e ncha e tla kenngwa tshebetsong le ho kenngwa tshebetsong ka 2014 ke Molao wa Boetapele ba Metsi a Nowang wa Federal. Ena ke phethahatso ya molao wa federal wa melao ya hajwale California le Vermont mabapi le dikahare tsa loto ditseleng tsa metsi tsa diphaephe, di-valve, kapa di-fitting tse sebediswang ditsamaisong tsa metsi a lapeng. Molao o re dibaka tsohle tse kolobisitsweng tsa diphaephe, di-fitting le di-fitting di tlameha ho ba "tse se nang loto", ho bolelang hore dikahare tse phahameng ka ho fetisisa tsa loto "ha di fete karolelano e boima ya 0.25% (loto)". Sena se hloka hore bahlahisi ba hlahise dihlahiswa tse se nang loto ho latela ditlhoko tse ntjha tsa molao. Dintlha di fanwa ke UL ho Ditataiso tsa Loto Dikarolong tsa Metsi a Nowang.
Ho ntsha metsi le ho kenya moya: Liphaephe tsa likhoerekhoere tsa tšepe e se nang matsoho le lisebelisoa tse lumellanang le ASTM A 888 kapa Setsi sa Liphaephe tsa Likhoerekhoere tsa Cast Iron (CISPI) 301. Lisebelisoa tse qhibilihisang metsi tse lumellanang le ASME B16.45 kapa ASSE 1043 li ka sebelisoa le sistimi e sa emeng.
Liphaephe tsa likhoerekhoere tsa tšepe e lahlehileng le lisebelisoa tse flangelitsoeng li tlameha ho latela ASTM A 74, li-gasket tsa rabara (ASTM C 564) le sealant e hloekileng ea loto le oak kapa hemp fiber (ASTM B29).
Mefuta ka bobeli ea liphaephe tsa motlakase e ka sebelisoa mehahong, empa liphaephe tsa motlakase tse se nang liphaephe le li-fitting li sebelisoa haholo ka holim'a mobu mehahong ea khoebo. Liphaephe tsa tšepe tse entsoeng ka tšepe tse nang le CISPI Plugless Fittings li lumella ho kenngoa ka ho sa feleng, li ka hlophisoa bocha kapa li ka fihlelleha ka ho tlosa li-band clamps, ha li ntse li boloka boleng ba phaephe ea tšepe, e leng se fokotsang lerata la ho phatloha molapong oa litšila tse fetang phaepheng. Bothata ba liphaephe tsa tšepe tse entsoeng ka tšepe ke hore liphaephe lia senyeha ka lebaka la litšila tse nang le asiti tse fumanoang lits'ebetsong tse tloaelehileng tsa kamore ea ho hlapela.
Liphaephe tsa tšepe e sa ruseng tsa ASME A112.3.1 le lisebelisoa tse nang le lipheletso tse rusang le tse rusang li ka sebelisoa bakeng sa litsamaiso tsa metsi a boleng bo holimo sebakeng sa liphaephe tsa tšepe e entsoeng ka tšepe. Liphaephe tsa tšepe e sa ruseng li boetse li sebelisoa bakeng sa karolo ea pele ea liphaephe, e hokahanang le sinki ea fatše moo sehlahisoa se nang le carbonate se ntšang metsi ho fokotsa tšenyo ea mafome.
Phaephe e tiileng ea PVC ho latela ASTM D 2665 (metsi a drainage, ho faposa le masoba a moea) le phaephe ea mahe a linotši ea PVC ho latela ASTM F 891 (Sehlomathiso sa 40), likhokahano tsa ho phatloha ha mollo (ASTM D 2665 ho ASTM D 3311, drainage, litšila le masoba a moea) tse loketseng phaephe ea Kemiso ea 40), primer ea sekhomaretsi (ASTM F 656) le sekhomaretsi sa solvent (ASTM D 2564). Liphaephe tsa PVC li ka fumanoa kaholimo le ka tlase ho bophahamo ba mobu mehahong ea khoebo, leha li atisa ho thathamisoa ka tlase ho bophahamo ba mobu ka lebaka la ho petsoha ha liphaephe le litlhoko tse khethehileng tsa molao.
Sebakeng sa kaho sa Southern Nevada, Phetoho ea Molao oa Machaba oa Kaho (IBC) oa 2009 e re:
603.1.2.1 Lisebelisoa. Liphaephe tse tukang li lumelloa ho kenngoa ka phapusing ea enjene, li koetsoe ka sebopeho se sa cheng sa lihora tse peli 'me li sirelelitsoe ka botlalo ke li-sprinkler tse iketsang. Liphaephe tse tukang li ka tsamaisoa ho tloha phapusing ea lisebelisoa ho ea likamoreng tse ling, ha feela liphaephe li koetsoe ka kopano e khethehileng e lumelletsoeng ea lihora tse peli e sa cheng. Ha liphaephe tse joalo tse tukang li feta maboteng a mollo le/kapa fatše/siling, ho kenella ho tlameha ho hlalosoa bakeng sa thepa e itseng ea liphaephe tse nang le lihlopha tsa F le T tse seng tlase ho feta khanyetso e hlokahalang ea mollo bakeng sa ho kenella. Liphaephe tse tukang ha lia lokela ho kenella ka lera le fetang le le leng.
Sena se hloka hore liphaephe tsohle tse tukang (polasetiki kapa tse ling) tse teng mohahong oa Sehlopha sa 1A joalo ka ha ho hlalositsoe ke IBC hore li phutheloe ka sebopeho sa lihora tse 2. Tšebeliso ea liphaephe tsa PVC lits'ebetsong tsa ho ntša metsi e na le melemo e 'maloa. Ha e bapisoa le liphaephe tsa tšepe e entsoeng ka tšepe, PVC e hanela mafome le oxidation tse bakoang ke litšila tsa ntloana le mobu. Ha li beoa ka tlas'a lefatše, liphaephe tsa PVC le tsona li hanela mafome a mobu o potolohileng (joalokaha ho bontšitsoe karolong ea liphaephe tsa HVAC). Liphaephe tsa PVC tse sebelisoang tsamaisong ea ho ntša metsi li na le meeli e tšoanang le ea sistimi ea hydraulic ea HVAC, e nang le mocheso o phahameng oa ts'ebetso oa 140 F. Mocheso ona o boetse o laeloa ke litlhoko tsa Khoutu ea Liphaephe e Tšoanang le Khoutu ea Liphaephe ea Machaba, e bolelang hore ho ntša metsi ho li-receptor tsa litšila ho lokela ho ba ka tlase ho 140 F.
Karolo ea 810.1 ea Khoutu ea Liphaephe e Tšoanang ea 2012 e bolela hore liphaephe tsa mouoane ha lia lokela ho hokahanngoa ka kotloloho le sistimi ea liphaephe kapa ea drainage, 'me metsi a fetang 140 F (60 C) ha aa lokela ho tšolloa ka kotloloho ka har'a drainage e nang le khatello.
Karolo ea 803.1 ea Khoutu ea Machaba ea Liphaephe ea 2012 e bolela hore liphaephe tsa mouoane ha lia lokela ho hokeloa tsamaisong ea ho ntsha metsi kapa karolo efe kapa efe ea tsamaiso ea liphaephe, 'me metsi a fetang 140 F (60 C) ha aa lokela ho tšolloa karolong efe kapa efe ea tsamaiso ea ho ntsha metsi.
Mekhoa e khethehileng ea liphaephe e amahanngoa le ho tsamaisoa ha metsi a sa tloaelehang. Metsi ana a ka fapana ho tloha ho liphaephe bakeng sa li-aquarium tsa leoatleng ho ea ho liphaephe bakeng sa ho fana ka lik'hemik'hale lits'ebetsong tsa lisebelisoa tsa letamo la ho sesa. Mekhoa ea liphaephe tsa aquarium ha e tloaelehe mehahong ea khoebo, empa e kentsoe lihoteleng tse ling tse nang le litsamaiso tsa liphaephe tse hole tse hokahaneng le libaka tse fapaneng ho tloha phaposing e bohareng ea pompo. Tšepe e sa ruseng e bonahala e le mofuta o loketseng oa liphaephe bakeng sa litsamaiso tsa metsi a leoatle ka lebaka la bokhoni ba eona ba ho thibela ho rusa le litsamaiso tse ling tsa metsi, empa metsi a letsoai a ka rusa le ho senya liphaephe tsa tšepe e sa ruseng. Bakeng sa lits'ebetso tse joalo, liphaephe tsa leoatle tsa polasetiki kapa tsa koporo-nickel CPVC li fihlela litlhoko tsa ho rusa; ha ho beoa liphaephe tsena setsing se seholo sa khoebo, ho tlameha ho nahanoa hore na liphaephe li ka cha. Joalokaha ho boletsoe kaholimo, tšebeliso ea liphaephe tse tukang Southern Nevada e hloka mokhoa o mong o lokelang ho kopuoa ho bontša boikemisetso ba ho latela khoutu ea mofuta oa moaho o amehang.
Liphaephe tsa letamo tse fanang ka metsi a hloekisitsoeng bakeng sa ho qoelisoa 'meleng li na le lik'hemik'hale tse hlapolotsoeng (12.5% ​​​​sodium hypochlorite bleach le hydrochloric acid li ka sebelisoa) ho boloka pH e itseng le tekanyo ea lik'hemik'hale joalo ka ha ho hlokahala ke lefapha la bophelo bo botle. Ntle le liphaephe tsa lik'hemik'hale tse hlapolotsoeng, chlorine bleach e felletseng le lik'hemik'hale tse ling li tlameha ho tsamaisoa ho tloha libakeng tsa polokelo ea thepa e ngata le likamoreng tse khethehileng tsa lisebelisoa. Liphaephe tsa CPVC li hanela lik'hemik'hale bakeng sa phepelo ea chlorine bleach, empa liphaephe tse phahameng tsa ferrosilicon li ka sebelisoa e le mokhoa o mong oa liphaephe tsa lik'hemik'hale ha li feta mefuteng ea meaho e sa cheseng (mohlala, Mofuta oa 1A). E matla empa e robeha habonolo ho feta phaephe ea tšepe e tloaelehileng 'me e boima ho feta liphaephe tse tšoanang.
Sengoloa sena se tšohla menyetla e 'maloa feela ea ho rala litsamaiso tsa liphaephe. ​​Li emela mefuta e mengata ea litsamaiso tse kentsoeng mehahong e meholo ea khoebo, empa kamehla ho tla ba le mekhelo molaong. Tlhaloso e akaretsang ea mantlha ke mohloli oa bohlokoa oa ho khetholla mofuta oa liphaephe bakeng sa sistimi e fanoeng le ho lekola litekanyetso tse loketseng bakeng sa sehlahisoa se seng le se seng. Litlhaloso tse tloaelehileng li tla fihlela litlhoko tsa merero e mengata, empa baqapi le baenjiniere ba lokela ho li hlahloba ha ho tluoa litora tse telele, mocheso o phahameng, lik'hemik'hale tse kotsi, kapa liphetoho molaong kapa taolong. Ithute haholoanyane ka likhothaletso tsa liphaephe le lithibelo ho etsa liqeto tse nang le tsebo mabapi le lihlahisoa tse kentsoeng morerong oa hau. Bareki ba rona ba re tšepa joalo ka litsebi tsa meralo ho fa meaho ea bona boholo bo nepahetseng, meralo e leka-lekaneng hantle le e theko e tlaase moo liphaephe li fihlelang bophelo ba tsona bo lebelletsoeng 'me li sa hlaheloe ke ho hloleha ho hoholo.
Matt Dolan ke moenjiniere oa projeke ho JBA Consulting Engineers. Phihlelo ea hae e mabapi le moralo oa litsamaiso tse rarahaneng tsa HVAC le liphaephe bakeng sa mefuta e fapaneng ea meaho joalo ka liofisi tsa khoebo, lits'ebeletso tsa tlhokomelo ea bophelo le mehaho ea baeti, ho kenyeletsoa litora tse telele tsa baeti le lireschorente tse ngata.
Na o na le boiphihlelo le tsebo ea lihlooho tse akaretsoang ka har'a litaba tsee? U lokela ho nahana ka ho kenya letsoho sehlopheng sa rona sa bahlophisi ba CFE Media le ho fumana kananelo eo uena le k'hamphani ea hau le e tšoanelang. Tobetsa mona ho qala ts'ebetso.