2. Utloisisa mefuta e meraro ea tsamaiso ea lipeipi: HVAC (hydraulic), lipeipi (metsi a ka tlung, likhoerekhoere le moea) le lik'hemik'hale le lisebelisoa tse khethehileng tsa lipeipi (metsi a leoatle le lik'hemik'hale tse kotsi).
Lisebelisoa tsa liphaephe le lipeipi li teng likarolong tse ngata tsa mohaho.Batho ba bangata ba bone P-trap kapa piping ea sehatsetsing tlas'a teba e lebisang le ho tsoa tsamaisong e arohaneng.Ke batho ba fokolang ba bonang lipeipi tsa mantlha tsa boenjiniere setsing se bohareng kapa sistimi ea ho hloekisa lik'hemik'hale ka phaposing ea lisebelisoa tsa letamo.E 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea lits'ebetso tsena e hloka mofuta o itseng oa liphaephe tse lumellanang le litlhaloso, litšitiso tsa 'mele, likhoutu le mekhoa e metle ea moralo.
Ha ho na tharollo e bonolo ea li-plumbing e lumellanang le lits'ebetso tsohle.Litsamaiso tsena li kopana le litlhoko tsohle tsa 'mele le khoutu haeba litekanyetso tse khethehileng tsa moralo li fihletsoe' me lipotso tse nepahetseng li botsoa ho beng le basebetsi.Ho phaella moo, ba ka boloka litšenyehelo tse nepahetseng le linako tse lebisang ho theha tsamaiso e atlehileng ea mohaho.
Li-ducts tsa HVAC li na le maro a mangata a fapaneng, likhatello le mocheso.Thepa e ka ba ka holimo kapa ka tlas'a boemo ba fatše 'me e feta ka hare kapa ka ntle ho mohaho.Lintlha tsena li tlameha ho eloa hloko ha ho hlakisoa liphaephe tsa HVAC morerong.Poleloana "hydrodynamic cycle" e bolela tšebeliso ea metsi e le mokhoa oa ho fetisa mocheso bakeng sa ho pholisa le ho futhumatsa.Tšebelisong e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe, metsi a fanoa ka tekanyo e fanoeng ea ho phalla le mocheso.Mokhoa o tloaelehileng oa ho fetisa mocheso ka kamoreng ke ka khoele ea moea ho ea metsing e etselitsoeng ho khutlisa metsi ka mocheso o behiloeng.Sena se lebisa tabeng ea hore mocheso o itseng o fetisoa kapa o tlosoa sebakeng.Ho potoloha ha metsi a pholileng le a futhumatsang ke mokhoa o ka sehloohong o sebelisetsoang ho futhumatsa moea mehaho e meholo ea khoebo.
Bakeng sa lits'ebetso tse ngata tsa meaho e tlase, khatello e lebelletsoeng ea ts'ebetso ea sistimi hangata e ka tlase ho liponto tse 150 ka lisenthimithara tse lisekoere (psig).Sisteme ea hydraulic (metsi a batang le a chesang) ke sistimi e koetsoeng ea potoloho.Sena se bolela hore kakaretso ea hlooho e matla ea pompo e ela hloko tahlehelo ea likhohlano tsamaisong ea liphaephe, likhoele tse amanang, li-valve le lisebelisoa.Bophahamo bo tsitsitseng ba sistimi ha bo ame ts'ebetso ea pompo, empa bo ama khatello e hlokahalang ea ts'ebetso ea sistimi.Li-coolers, boilers, lipompo, liphaephe le lisebelisoa li lekantsoe bakeng sa khatello ea ts'ebetso ea 150 psi, e tloaelehileng bakeng sa lisebelisoa le baetsi ba likarolo.Ha ho khoneha, tekanyo ena ea khatello e lokela ho bolokoa moralong oa tsamaiso.Mehaho e mengata e nkoang e le tlaase kapa e bohareng ba bohareng e oela sehlopheng sa khatello ea ho sebetsa ea 150 psi.
Ka moralo o phahameng oa meaho, ho ntse ho thatafala le ho feta ho boloka lits'ebetso le lisebelisoa tsa liphaephe ka tlase ho maemo a 150 psi.Hlooho ea mohala o tsitsitseng ka holimo hoo e ka bang maoto a 350 (ntle le ho eketsa khatello ea pompo tsamaisong) e tla feta tekanyo e tloaelehileng ea khatello ea ho sebetsa ea mekhoa ena (1 psi = 2.31 maoto a hlooho).Tsamaiso e ka 'na ea sebelisa mochine oa khatello (ka mokhoa oa mocheso oa mocheso) ho arola litlhoko tse phahameng tsa khatello ea kholomo ho tloha ho liphaephe tse hokahaneng le lisebelisoa.Moralo ona oa sistimi o tla lumella ho rala le ho kenya li-coolers tse tloaelehileng hammoho le ho hlakisa liphaephe tse phahameng tsa khatello le lisebelisoa toreng ea ho futhumatsa.
Ha a hlakisa liphaephe bakeng sa projeke e kholo ea khamphase, moqapi/moenjiniere o tlameha ho tseba ka hloko tora le liphaephe tse boletsoeng bakeng sa sethala, ho bonts'a litlhoko tsa bona ka bomong (kapa litlhoko tse kopaneng haeba licheso tsa mocheso li sa sebelisoe ho arola sebaka sa khatello).
Karolo e 'ngoe ea tsamaiso e koetsoeng ke ho hloekisa metsi le ho tlosoa ha oksijene leha e le efe metsing.Lisebelisoa tse ngata tsa hydraulic li na le mokhoa oa ho hloekisa metsi o nang le lik'hemik'hale tse sa tšoaneng le li-inhibitors ho boloka metsi a phalla ka har'a liphaephe ka pH e nepahetseng (hoo e ka bang 9.0) le maemo a likokoana-hloko ho loantša likokoana-hloko tsa liphaephe le ho bola.Ho tsitsisa metsi tsamaisong le ho tlosa moea ho thusa ho lelefatsa bophelo ba liphaephe, lipompo tse amanang, li-coil le li-valve.Moea leha e le ofe o kenngoeng ka har'a liphaephe o ka baka cavitation ka lipompong tsa metsi tse pholileng le tse futhumatsang le ho fokotsa mocheso oa mocheso ho pholileng, boiler kapa li-coil tsa potoloho.
Koporo: Mofuta oa L, B, K, M kapa C o huloang le ho thatafalloa ho latela ASTM B88 le B88M hammoho le ASME B16.22 e entsoeng ka lisebelisoa tsa koporo le lisebelisoa tse nang le solder e se nang loto kapa solder bakeng sa lisebelisoa tsa ka tlas'a lefatše.
Peipi e thata, mofuta oa L, B, K (hangata e sebelisoa feela ka tlase ho boemo ba fatše) kapa A ho ea ka ASTM B88 le B88M, e nang le ASME B16.22 e entsoeng ka koporo le lisebelisoa tse hokahaneng ka tšepe e se nang loto kapa ka holim'a lefatše.Tube ena e boetse e lumella tšebeliso ea lisebelisoa tse tiisitsoeng.
Type K copper tubing ke eona e teteaneng ka ho fetesisa e fumanehang, e fana ka khatello e sebetsang ea 1534 psi.inch ka 100 F bakeng sa ½ inch.Mehlala ea L le M e na le likhatello tse tlase tsa ho sebetsa ho feta K empa li ntse li loketse lits'ebetso tsa HVAC (khatello e tloha ho 1242 psi ho 100F ho ea ho 12 in. le 435 psi le 395 psi Litekanyetso tsena li nkiloe ho Table 3a, 3b le 3c ea Copper Tubing Development Guides e hatisitsoeng ke Copper Tubing Guidesn.
Likhatello tsena tsa ts'ebetso ke tsa liphaephe tse otlolohileng, tseo hangata e seng khatello e lekanyelitsoeng ea tsamaiso.Lisebelisoa le likhokahano tse hokahanyang bolelele ba liphaephe tse peli li na le monyetla oa ho lutla kapa ho hloleha tlas'a khatello ea ts'ebetso ea litsamaiso tse ling.Mefuta e tloaelehileng ea ho hokahanya liphaephe tsa koporo ke ho tjheseletsa, ho solder kapa ho tiisa ka matla.Mefuta ena ea likhokahano e tlameha ho etsoa ka thepa e se nang loto 'me e behiloe bakeng sa khatello e lebelletsoeng tsamaisong.
Mofuta o mong le o mong oa khokahanyo o khona ho boloka sistimi e sa lutleng ha sekhechana se tiisitsoe hantle, empa litsamaiso tsena li arabela ka tsela e fapaneng ha ho ts'oaroa ho sa tiisitsoe ka botlalo kapa ho ts'oaroa.Li-solder le solder li na le menyetla e mengata ea ho hlōleha le ho lutla ha tsamaiso e qala ho tlatsoa le ho lekoa 'me mohaho o e-s'o sebelisoe.Tabeng ena, likonteraka le bahlahlobi ba ka tseba kapele hore na lenonyeletso le lutla hokae le ho lokisa bothata pele tsamaiso e sebetsa ka botlalo 'me bapalami le thepa ea ka hare e senyeha.Sena se ka boela sa hlahisoa ka li-fittings tse sa lutleng haeba lesale la ho bona le lutla kapa kopano e boletsoe.Haeba u sa hatelle ho theosa ho ea tlase ho tseba hore na bothata ke bofe, metsi a ka tsoa sebakeng se loketseng joalo ka solder kapa solder.Haeba li-fittings tse thibelang ho lutla li sa hlalosoa moralong, ka linako tse ling li tla lula li le tlas'a khatello nakong ea tlhahlobo ea kaho 'me li ka' na tsa hlōleha feela ka mor'a nako e itseng ea ts'ebetso, e leng se bakang tšenyo e eketsehileng sebakeng seo ho lulang ho sona le kotsi e ka 'nang ea e-ba teng ho baahi, haholo-holo haeba liphaephe tse chesang tse chesang li feta liphaepheng.metsi.
Litlhahiso tsa boholo ba lipeipi tsa koporo li itšetlehile ka litlhoko tsa melao, litlhahiso tsa moetsi le mekhoa e metle.Bakeng sa lits'ebetso tsa metsi a pholileng (thempereichara ea phepelo ea metsi hangata e 42 ho isa ho 45 F), moeli o khothalelitsoeng oa lebelo bakeng sa sistimi ea lipeipi tsa koporo ke maoto a 8 ka motsotsoana ho fokotsa lerata la sistimi le ho fokotsa monyetla oa khoholeho / kutu.Bakeng sa lisebelisoa tsa metsi a chesang (hangata 140 ho ea ho 180 F bakeng sa ho futhumatsa sebaka le ho fihlela ho 205 F bakeng sa tlhahiso ea metsi a chesang a malapeng ka mekhoa ea lebasetere), tekanyo e khothalletsoang ea liphaephe tsa koporo e tlase haholo.Buka ea Copper Tubing Manual e thathamisa lebelo lena e le maoto a 2 ho isa ho a 3 motsotsoana ha mocheso oa metsi o ka holimo ho 140 F.
Hangata liphaephe tsa koporo li tla ka boholo bo itseng, ho fihlela ho lisenthimithara tse 12.Sena se fokotsa tšebeliso ea koporo lits'ebeletso tse kholo tsa khamphase, kaha meralo ena ea meaho hangata e hloka hore ho be le ducting e kholo ho feta lisenthimithara tse 12.Ho tloha semeleng se bohareng ho ea ho li-exchangers tse amanang le mocheso.Li-tubing tsa koporo li atile haholo lits'ebetsong tsa hydraulic tse bophara ba lisenthimithara tse 3 kapa ka tlase.Bakeng sa boholo bo fetang lisenthimithara tse 3, li-tubing tsa tšepe tse slotted li sebelisoa hangata.Sena se bakoa ke phapang ea litšenyehelo lipakeng tsa tšepe le koporo, phapang ea basebetsi bakeng sa phala e entsoeng ka masenke khahlano le peipi e cheselitsoeng kapa e entsoeng ka brazed (lisebelisoa tsa khatello ha li lumelloe kapa ha li khothaletsoe ke mong'a kapa moenjiniere), le lebelo le mocheso oa metsi tse khothaletsoang ho tsena ka har'a phaephe e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe ea thepa.
Tšepe: Peipi ea tšepe e ntšo kapa e entsoeng ka galvanized ka ASTM A 53/A 53M e nang le ductile iron (ASME B16.3) kapa lisebelisoa tse betliloeng (ASTM A 234/A 234M) le lisebelisoa tsa ductile iron (ASME B16.39).Li-flanges, li-fittings le li-connections tsa sehlopha sa 150 le 300 li fumaneha ka li-fittings tse entsoeng ka likhoele kapa tse nang le flanged.Pipe e ka tšeloa ka tšepe ea ho tlatsa ho latela AWS D10.12 / D10.12M.
E lumellana le ASTM A 536 Sehlopha sa 65-45-12 Ductile Iron, ASTM A 47/A 47M Sehlopha sa 32510 Ductile Iron le ASTM A 53/A 53M Sehlopha sa F, E, kapa S Grade B Assembly Steel, kapa ASTM A106 , litšepe tse entsoeng ka tšepe tse entsoeng ka tšepe kapa li-gritting tsa Bg.
Joalokaha ho boletsoe ka holimo, liphaephe tsa tšepe li atisa ho sebelisoa bakeng sa liphaephe tse kholo ho li-hydraulic systems.Mofuta ona oa tsamaiso o lumella litlhoko tse fapaneng tsa khatello, mocheso le boholo ho finyella litlhoko tsa tsamaiso ea metsi a pholileng le a futhumetseng.Litlhaloso tsa sehlopha bakeng sa li-flanges, li-fittings le li-fittings li bolela khatello ea ho sebetsa ea mouoane o tletseng psi.inch ya ntho e tsamaellanang.Lisebelisoa tsa sehlopha sa 150 li etselitsoe ho sebetsa ka khatello ea ho sebetsa ea 150 psi.inch ho 366 F, ha li-fittings tsa Sehlopha sa 300 li fana ka khatello ea ho sebetsa ea 300 psi.ka 550 F. Class 150 fittings fana ka holim'a 300 psi sebetsa khatello ea metsi.inch ho 150 F, 'me li-fittings tsa Sehlopha sa 300 li fana ka khatello ea metsi e fihlang ho 2,000 psi e sebetsang.inch at 150 F. Mefuta e meng ea li-fittings e fumaneha bakeng sa mefuta e itseng ea liphaephe.Ka mohlala, bakeng sa liphaephe tsa tšepe tse entsoeng ka tšepe le li-fittings tse nang le ASME 16.1, limaraka tsa 125 kapa 250 li ka sebelisoa.
Sistimi ea liphaephe le likhokahano tse sehiloeng li sebelisa li-grooves tse sehiloeng kapa tse entsoeng lipheletsong tsa liphaephe, li-fittings, li-valve, joalo-joalo ho hokahanya pakeng tsa bolelele bo bong le bo bong ba phala kapa lisebelisoa tse nang le sistimi e feto-fetohang kapa e thata.Likopano tsena li na le likarolo tse peli kapa ho feta tse nang le liboutu 'me li na le washer ka har'a bore ea ho kopanya.Lisebelisoa tsena li fumaneha ka mefuta ea 150 le 300 ea sehlopha sa flange le lisebelisoa tsa EPDM tsa gasket 'me li khona ho sebetsa ka mocheso oa mokelikeli ho tloha 230 ho ea ho 250 F (ho itšetlehile ka boholo ba phala).Tlhahisoleseding ea lipeipi tse ntseng li eketseha li nkiloe ho libuka le lingoliloeng tsa Victaulic.
Kemiso ea 40 le lipeipi tsa tšepe tse 80 lia amoheleha bakeng sa litsamaiso tsa HVAC.Tlhaloso ea liphaephe e bua ka botenya ba lerako la phala, e ntseng e eketseha ka palo e hlalositsoeng.Ka ho eketseha ha lerako la lerako la phala, khatello e lumelletsoeng ea ho sebetsa ea pipe e otlolohileng e boetse e eketseha.Kemiso ea 40 tubing e lumella khatello ea ho sebetsa ea 1694 psi bakeng sa ½ inch.Pipe, 696 psi inch bakeng sa lisenthimithara tse 12 (-20 ho 650 F).Khatello e lumelletsoeng ea ho sebetsa bakeng sa Schedule 80 tubing ke 3036 psi.intshi (½ inch) le 1305 psi.inch (12 inches) (ka bobeli -20 ho ea ho 650 F).Lintlha tsena li nkiloe karolong ea Watson McDaniel Engineering Data.
Plastiki: Liphaephe tsa polasetiki tsa CPVC, li-socket fittings ho Specification 40 le Specification 80 ho ASTM F 441/F 441M (ASTM F 438 ho Specification 40 le ASTM F 439 ho Specification 80) le li-adhesives tsa solvent (ASTM F493).
Pipe ea polasetiki ea PVC, li-socket fittings ka ASTM D 1785 kemiso ea 40 le kemiso ea 80 (ASM D 2466 kemiso ea 40 le ASTM D 2467 kemiso ea 80) le li-adhesives tsa solvent (ASTM D 2564).E kenyelletsa primer ka ASTM F 656.
Ka bobeli liphaephe tsa CPVC le PVC li loketse litsamaiso tsa hydraulic ka tlase ho boemo ba fatše, le hoja esita le tlas'a maemo ana tlhokomelo e tlameha ho nkoa ha ho kenya liphaephe tsena morerong.Liphaephe tsa polasetiki li sebelisoa haholo lits'ebetsong tsa likhoerekhoere le tsa moea, haholo-holo libakeng tse ka tlas'a lefatše moo liphaephe tse se nang letho li kopanang ka ho toba le mobu o potolohileng.Ka nako e ts'oanang, khanyetso ea kutu ea liphaephe tsa CPVC le PVC e molemo ka lebaka la ho bola ha mobu o mong.Liphaephe tsa Hydraulic hangata li sirelelitsoe 'me li koaheloa ka sheath ea tšireletso ea PVC e fanang ka tšireletso pakeng tsa lipeipi tsa tšepe le mobu o potolohileng.Liphaephe tsa polasetiki li ka sebelisoa lits'ebetsong tse nyane tsa metsi a pholileng moo khatello e tlase e lebelletsoeng.Khatello e phahameng ea ho sebetsa bakeng sa pipe ea PVC e feta 150 psi bakeng sa boholo ba liphaephe ho fihla ho lisenthimithara tse 8, empa sena se sebetsa feela ho mocheso oa 73 F kapa ka tlase.Mocheso ofe kapa ofe o ka holimo ho 73°F o tla fokotsa khatello ea tšebetso tsamaisong ea liphaephe ho fihla ho 140°F.The derating factor ke 0.22 mocheso ona le 1.0 ho 73 F. Mocheso o phahameng oa ho sebetsa oa 140 F ke oa Kemiso ea 40 le Kemiso ea 80 PVC pipe.Pipe ea CPVC e khona ho mamella mocheso o pharaletseng oa ho sebetsa, e leng se etsang hore e loketse ho sebelisoa ho fihlela ho 200 F (e nang le tekanyo e fokolang ea 0.2), empa e na le tekanyo ea khatello e tšoanang le ea PVC, e lumellang hore e sebelisoe lits'ebetsong tse tloaelehileng tsa sehatsetsing ka tlas'a lefatše.tsamaiso ea metsi ho fihlela lisenthimithara tse 8.Bakeng sa lisebelisoa tsa metsi a chesang tse bolokang mocheso o phahameng oa metsi ho fihlela ho 180 kapa 205 F, liphaephe tsa PVC kapa CPVC ha li khothalletsoe.Lintlha tsohle li nkiloe ho litlhaloso tsa phaephe ea Harvel PVC le litlhaloso tsa lipeipi tsa CPVC.
Liphaephe Liphaephe li na le maro a mangata a fapaneng, lintho tse tiileng le likhase.Ka bobeli lino tse nooang le tse sa noeeng li phalla litsamaisong tsena.Ka lebaka la mefuta e mengata ea metsi a tsamaisoang ka har'a tsamaiso ea lipeipi, liphaephe tseo ho buuoang ka tsona li khetholloa e le liphaephe tsa metsi tsa malapeng kapa liphaephe tsa drainage le ventilation.
Metsi a ka tlung: Peipi ea koporo e bonolo, ASTM B88 mefuta ea K le L, ASTM B88M mefuta ea A le B, e nang le lisebelisoa tsa khatello ea koporo e entsoeng (ASME B16.22).
Hard Copper Tubing, ASTM B88 Mefuta ea L le M, ASTM B88M Mefuta ea B le C, e nang le Cast Copper Weld Fittings (ASME B16.18), Wrought Copper Weld Fittings (ASME B16.22), Bronze Flanges (ASME B16.24) ) le lisebelisoa tsa koporo (MCS SP-12).The tube e boetse e lumella tšebeliso ea lisebelisoa tse tiisitsoeng.
Mefuta ea lipeipi tsa koporo le litekanyetso tse amanang le tsona li nkiloe ho Karolo ea 22 11 16 ea MasterSpec.Moralo oa lipeipi tsa koporo bakeng sa phepelo ea metsi a malapeng o lekanyelitsoe ke litlhoko tsa litekanyetso tse phahameng tsa phallo.Li hlalositsoe ka mokhoa o latelang oa lipeipi:
Karolo ea 610.12.1 ea 2012 ea Uniform Plumbing Code e re: Lebelo le phahameng ka ho fetisisa liphaepheng tsa koporo le koporo ea alloy le lisebelisoa tsa ho kenya ha lia lokela ho feta maoto a 8 ka motsotsoana metsing a batang le maoto a 5 ka motsotsoana metsing a chesang.Litekanyetso tsena li boetse li phetoa ho Copper Tubing Handbook, e sebelisang litekanyetso tsena e le lebelo le phahameng le khothalletsoang bakeng sa mefuta ena ea litsamaiso.
Mofuta oa liphaephe tsa tšepe tse sa hloekang tsa mofuta oa 316 ho latela ASTM A403 le lisebelisoa tse ts'oanang tse sebelisang likhokahano tse nang le welded kapa knurled bakeng sa lipeipi tse kholoanyane tsa metsi a lapeng le phetisetso e tobileng ea lipeipi tsa koporo.Ka theko e ntseng e phahama ea koporo, liphaephe tsa tšepe tse sa hloekang li ntse li ata haholo tsamaisong ea metsi a malapeng.Mefuta ea liphaephe le litekanyetso tse amanang le tsona li tsoa ho Veterans Administration (VA) MasterSpec Section 22 11 00.
Popontshwa e ntjha e tla kenngwa tshebetsong le ho kenngwa tshebetsong ka 2014 ke Molao wa Boetapele ba Metsi a Tswang a Federale.Ena ke molao oa koporasi oa melao ea hajoale ea California le Vermont mabapi le lintlha tse etellang pele litseleng tsa metsi tsa liphaephe, li-valve kapa li-fittings tse sebelisoang litsing tsa metsi a lapeng.Molao o bolela hore libaka tsohle tse kolobisitsoeng tsa liphaephe, li-fittings le lisebelisoa li tlameha ho ba "ntle le loto", ho bolelang hore palo e kholo ea loto "ha e fete tekanyo e lekantsoeng ea 0.25% (loto)".Sena se hloka hore baetsi ba lihlahisoa ba hlahise lihlahisoa tse sa hlokeng lead ho ikamahanya le litlhoko tse ncha tsa molao.Lintlha li fanoe ke UL ho Litaelo tsa Letoto la Metsi a Nooang.
Ho ntša metsi le moea: Lipeipi tsa likhoerekhoere tsa tšepe tse se nang matsoho le lisebelisoa tse lumellanang le ASTM A 888 kapa Cast Iron Sewer Piping Institute (CISPI) 301. Lisebelisoa tsa Sovent tse lumellanang le ASME B16.45 kapa ASSE 1043 li ka sebelisoa ka mokhoa o sa khaotseng.
Lipeipi tsa likhoerekhoere tsa tšepe le lisebelisoa tse nang le flanged li tlameha ho lumellana le ASTM A 74, li-gaskets tsa rabara (ASTM C 564) le lead e hloekileng le oak kapa hemp fiber sealant (ASTM B29).
Mefuta e 'meli ea li-ducting e ka sebelisoa meahong, empa li-ducting le li-fittings tse se nang likotopo li sebelisoa hangata ka holim'a mobu meahong ea khoebo.Liphaephe tsa tšepe tsa Cast tse nang le CISPI Plugless Fittings li lumella ho kenngoa ka ho sa feleng, li ka lokisoa bocha kapa tsa fumaneha ka ho tlosa li-clamps tsa lihlopha, ha li ntse li boloka boleng ba phala ea tšepe, e fokotsang lerata la ho phunyeha ka har'a metsi a litšila ka phala.Bothata ba ho kenya lipeipi tsa tšepe ke hore lipeipi tsa metsi li senyeha ka lebaka la litšila tse nang le asiti tse fumanehang meahong e tloaelehileng ea kamore ea ho hlapela.
ASME A112.3.1 liphaephe tsa tšepe tse sa hloekang le li-fittings tse nang le lipheletso tse tukang le tse tukang li ka sebelisoa bakeng sa lits'ebetso tsa drainage tsa boleng bo holimo sebakeng sa lipeipi tse entsoeng ka tšepe.Li-plumbing tsa tšepe tse sa hloekang li boetse li sebelisoa bakeng sa karolo ea pele ea lipeipi tsa metsi, e kopanyang le sekoting sa fatše moo sehlahisoa sa carbonate se ntšang metsi ho fokotsa tšenyo ea ho senya.
Peipi e tiileng ea PVC ho latela ASTM D 2665 (drainage, diversion and vents) le phala ea khekhe ea linotsi ea PVC ho latela ASTM F 891 (Annex 40), likhokahano tsa flare (ASTM D 2665 ho ASTM D 3311, drain, litšila le li-vents) tse loketseng Kemiso ea 40 phala), sekhomaretsi sa 6M5 le sekhomaretsi sa DASTM6, sekhomaretsi sa 6M5 le sekhomaretsi sa FAST6 ).Liphaephe tsa PVC li ka fumanoa ka holimo le ka tlaase ho mobu oa mobu mehahong ea khoebo, le hoja hangata li thathamisitsoe ka tlaase ho mobu ka lebaka la ho phunyeha ha liphaephe le litlhoko tse khethehileng tsa molao.
Sebakeng sa kaho sa Nevada Boroa, Sehlomathiso sa Khoutu ea Kaho ea Machabeng ea 2009 (IBC) se re:
603.1.2.1 Thepa.Liphaephe tse tukang li lumelloa ho kenngoa ka kamoreng ea enjene, e koaletsoeng ke mohaho o thibelang mollo oa lihora tse peli 'me o sirelelitsoe ka ho feletseng ke li-sprinklers tse itekanetseng.Liphaephe tse tukang li ka tsamaisoa ho tloha phaposing ea lisebelisoa ho ea likamoreng tse ling, ha feela liphaephe li koaletsoe ka kopano e khethehileng ea lihora tse peli e sa cheng.Ha liphaephe tse joalo tse tukang li feta marakong a mollo le / kapa fatše / lisiling, ho kenella ho tlameha ho boleloa bakeng sa lisebelisoa tse khethehileng tsa liphaephe tse nang le likhaolo tsa F le T tse seng tlase ho feta ho hanyetsa mollo o hlokahalang bakeng sa ho kenella.Liphaephe tse tukang ha lia lokela ho phunyeletsa lera le fetang le le leng.
Sena se hloka hore liphaephe tsohle tse tukang (polasetiki kapa tse ling) tse teng ka har'a moaho oa Sehlopha sa 1A joalo ka ha ho hlalositsoe ke IBC hore li phutheloe ka sebopeho sa lihora tse 2.Tšebeliso ea liphaephe tsa PVC tsamaisong ea drainage e na le melemo e mengata.Ha ho bapisoa le liphaephe tsa tšepe tse entsoeng ka tšepe, PVC e hanyetsana haholoanyane le kutu le oxidation e bakoang ke litšila tsa kamore ea ho hlapela le lefats'e.Ha li behiloe ka tlas'a lefatše, lipeipi tsa PVC le tsona li hanana le ho bola ha mobu o potolohileng (joalokaha ho bontšitsoe karolong ea liphaephe tsa HVAC).Liphaephe tsa PVC tse sebelisoang tsamaisong ea drainage li tlas'a mefokolo e tšoanang le ea HVAC hydraulic system, e nang le mocheso o phahameng oa ho sebetsa oa 140 F. Mocheso ona o boetse o laetsoe ke litlhoko tsa Uniform Piping Code le International Piping Code, e bolelang hore ho tsoa leha e le hofe ho senya li-receptors ho tlameha ho ba ka tlase ho 140 F.
Karolo ea 810.1 ea 2012 Uniform Plumbing Code e bolela hore liphaephe tsa mouoane ha lia tlameha ho hokeloa ka kotloloho tsamaisong ea liphaephe kapa tsa drainage, 'me metsi a kaholimo ho 140 F (60 C) ha a tlameha ho ntšoa ka kotloloho moqomong o nang le khatello.
Karolo ea 803.1 ea 2012 International Plumbing Code e bolela hore liphaephe tsa mouoane ha lia lokela ho hokeloa tsamaisong ea drainage kapa karolo efe kapa efe ea sistimi ea liphaephe, 'me metsi a ka holimo ho 140 F (60 C) ha aa tlameha ho tšeloa karolong efe kapa efe ea tsamaiso ea metsi.
Mekhoa e khethehileng ea liphaephe e amahanngoa le ho tsamaisa metsi a sa tloaelehang.Mekelikeli ena e ka tloha ho liphaephe tsa metsi a leoatleng ho ea ho liphaephe bakeng sa ho fana ka lik'hemik'hale ho lisebelisoa tsa lisebelisoa tsa letamo la ho sesa.Lisebelisoa tsa lipeipi tsa Aquarium ha li tloaelehe mehahong ea khoebo, empa li kenngoa lihoteleng tse ling tse nang le lisebelisoa tsa lipeipi tse hōle tse amanang le libaka tse sa tšoaneng ho tloha kamoreng e bohareng ea pompo.Tšepe e sa hloekang e bonahala e le mofuta o loketseng oa lipeipi bakeng sa tsamaiso ea metsi a leoatle ka lebaka la bokhoni ba eona ba ho thibela ho bola ka mekhoa e meng ea metsi, empa metsi a letsoai a ka senya le ho senya lipeipi tsa tšepe tse sa hloekang.Bakeng sa lits'ebetso tse joalo, liphaephe tsa metsing tsa polasetiki kapa tsa koporo-nickel CPVC li fihlela litlhoko tsa kutu;ha u beha liphaephe tsena setsing se seholo sa khoebo, ho chesa ha liphaephe ho tlameha ho nkoa.Joalokaha ho boletsoe ka holimo, tšebeliso ea liphaephe tse tukang Nevada e ka Boroa e hloka mokhoa o mong o lokelang ho kōptjoa ho bontša sepheo sa ho lumellana le khoutu ea mofuta oa mohaho o amehang.
Pipe ea letamo e fanang ka metsi a hloekisitsoeng bakeng sa ho qoelisoa e na le lik'hemik'hale tse ngata (12.5% ​​sodium hypochlorite bleach le hydrochloric acid e ka sebelisoa) ho boloka pH e itseng le ho leka-lekana ha lik'hemik'hale joalokaha ho hlokoa ke lefapha la bophelo bo botle.Ntle le liphaephe tsa lik'hemik'hale tse hlapollang, bleach e felletseng ea chlorine le lik'hemik'hale tse ling li tlameha ho tsamaisoa ho tloha libakeng tsa polokelo ea thepa e ngata le likamoreng tsa lisebelisoa tse khethehileng.Liphaephe tsa CPVC ha li na lik'hemik'hale bakeng sa phepelo ea bleach ea chlorine, empa lipeipi tse phahameng tsa ferrosilicon li ka sebelisoa e le mokhoa o mong oa lipeipi tsa lik'hemik'hale ha li feta meahong e sa cheng (mohlala, Mofuta oa 1A).E matla empa e brittle ho feta peipi e tloaelehileng ea tšepe e entsoeng ka tšepe 'me e boima ho feta lipeipi tse bapisoang.
Sengoliloeng sena se bua ka tse 'maloa feela tsa menyetla e mengata ea ho rala lisebelisoa tsa liphaephe.Li emela mefuta e mengata ea mekhoa e kentsoeng mehahong e meholo ea khoebo, empa ho tla lula ho e-na le mekhelo ho molao.Litlhaloso tse kholo ka kakaretso ke mohloli oa bohlokoahali oa ho khetholla mofuta oa lipeipi bakeng sa sistimi e fanoeng le ho lekola mekhoa e nepahetseng bakeng sa sehlahisoa ka seng.Litlhaloso tse tloaelehileng li tla finyella litlhoko tsa merero e mengata, empa baqapi le baenjiniere ba lokela ho li hlahloba ha ho tluoa tabeng ea litora tse phahameng, mocheso o phahameng, lik'hemik'hale tse kotsi, kapa liphetoho tsa molao kapa matla a ho laola.Ithute haholoanyane mabapi le likhothaletso tsa lipeipi le lithibelo ho etsa liqeto tse nepahetseng mabapi le lihlahisoa tse kentsoeng morerong oa hau.Bareki ba rona baa re tšepa re le litsebi tsa meralo ho fana ka meaho ea bona ka boholo bo nepahetseng, meralo e leka-lekaneng le e theko e tlaase moo likotopo li fihlelang bophelo ba bona bo lebelletsoeng 'me ha ho mohla ba bang le mathata a maholo.
Matt Dolan ke moenjiniere oa morero ho JBA Consulting Engineers.Phihlelo ea hae e itšetlehile ka moralo oa HVAC e rarahaneng le mekhoa ea lipeipi bakeng sa mefuta e sa tšoaneng ea mehaho e kang liofisi tsa khoebo, lits'ebeletso tsa bophelo bo botle le libaka tsa ho amohela baeti, ho kenyeletsoa litora tse phahameng tsa baeti le lireschorente tse ngata.
A na u na le boiphihlelo le tsebo ea lihlooho tse boletsoeng ka har'a litaba tsee?U lokela ho nahana ka ho kenya letsoho ho sehlopha sa rona sa bahlophisi ba CFE Media le ho fumana kananelo eo uena le k'hamphani ea hau e u tšoanelang.Tobetsa mona ho qala ts'ebetso.