2. Kia mārama ki ngā momo pūnaha paipa e toru: HVAC (waipēhi), paipa (wai kāinga, parakaingaki me te hauhautanga) me ngā pūnaha paipa matū me ngā pūnaha paipa motuhake (ngā pūnaha wai moana me ngā matū morearea).
Kei roto i ngā wāhanga maha o te whare ngā pūnaha paipa me ngā pūnaha wai. He tokomaha kua kite i tētahi paipa P-trap, i tētahi paipa refrigerant rānei i raro i te totohu e anga atu ana ki tētahi pūnaha wehewehe, mai i tētahi pūnaha wehe. He iti noa iho te hunga e kite ana i ngā paipa hangarau matua i roto i te tipu matua, i te pūnaha horoi matū rānei i roto i te rūma taputapu kaukau. Me whai momo paipa motuhake ia o ēnei tono e tutuki ana i ngā whakaritenga, ngā here ā-tinana, ngā waehere, me ngā mahi hoahoa pai rawa atu.
Kāore he otinga paipa māmā e pai ana mō ngā tono katoa. Ka tutuki i ēnei pūnaha ngā whakaritenga ā-tinana me ngā whakaritenga ture katoa mēnā ka tutuki ngā paearu hoahoa motuhake, ā, ka pātaihia ngā pātai tika ki ngā rangatira me ngā kaiwhakahaere. Hei tāpiri, ka taea e rātou te pupuri i ngā utu me ngā wā arahi tika hei waihanga i tētahi pūnaha hanga whare angitu.
He maha ngā wai, ngā pēhanga me ngā pāmahana kei roto i ngā paipa HVAC. Ka taea te noho o te paipa ki runga ake, ki raro iho rānei i te taumata whenua, ā, ka rere mā roto, mā waho rānei o te whare. Me whai whakaaro ki ēnei āhuatanga ina tohua ana ngā paipa HVAC i roto i te kaupapa. Ko te kupu "huringa wai" e pā ana ki te whakamahinga o te wai hei reo whakawhiti wera mō te whakamatao me te whakamahana. I ia tono, ka tukuna te wai i tētahi tere rere me te pāmahana kua whakaritea. Ko te whakawhiti wera noa i roto i tētahi rūma he mea hanga mā tētahi koiri hau-ki-wai kua hangaia hei whakahoki i te wai i tētahi pāmahana kua whakaritea. Ka arahina tēnei ki te meka ka whakawhitihia, ka tangohia rānei tētahi nui o te wera mai i te wāhi. Ko te rere o te wai whakamatao me te whakamahana te pūnaha matua e whakamahia ana mō te whakamahana hau i ngā whare arumoni nui.
Mō te nuinga o ngā tono whare iti-teitei, ko te pēhanga whakahaere e tumanakohia ana o te pūnaha he iti iho i te 150 pauna ia inihi tapawha (psig). He pūnaha porowhita kati te pūnaha waipēhi (wai matao me te wai wera). Ko te tikanga o tēnei ka whakaarohia e te pane hihiri katoa o te papu ngā ngaronga waku i roto i te pūnaha paipa, ngā koiri e pā ana, ngā takirere me ngā taputapu. Kāore te teitei tūmau o te pūnaha e pā ki te mahi a te papu, engari ka pā ki te pēhanga whakahaere e hiahiatia ana o te pūnaha. Ko ngā pouaka whakamatao, ngā poiha, ngā papu, ngā paipa me ngā taputapu ka whakatauria mō te pēhanga whakahaere 150 psi, he mea noa mō ngā kaihanga taputapu me ngā wāhanga. Ki te taea, me pupuri tonu tēnei whakatauranga pēhanga i roto i te hoahoa pūnaha. He maha ngā whare e kiia ana he iti-teitei, he waenga-teitei rānei ka taka ki roto i te kāwai pēhanga mahi 150 psi.
I roto i te hoahoa whare teitei, kei te uaua haere te pupuri i ngā pūnaha paipa me ngā taputapu ki raro i te paerewa 150 psi. Ko te upoko raina pumau i runga ake i te 350 putu (me te kore e tāpiri i te pēhanga papu ki te pūnaha) ka nui ake i te whakatauranga pēhanga mahi paerewa o ēnei pūnaha (1 psi = 2.31 putu upoko). Tērā pea ka whakamahia e te pūnaha he kaiwawao pēhanga (i roto i te āhua o te whakawhiti wera) hei wehe i ngā whakaritenga pēhanga teitei o te pou mai i te toenga o ngā paipa me ngā taputapu hono. Mā tēnei hoahoa pūnaha ka taea te hoahoa me te tāuta i ngā whakamatao pēhanga paerewa me te tohu i ngā paipa me ngā taputapu pēhanga teitei ake i roto i te pourewa whakamatao.
I te wā e tohua ana ngā paipa mō tētahi kaupapa nui o te kāmpus, me āta tautuhi te kaihoahoa/kaihangarau i te pourewa me ngā paipa kua tohua mō te atamira, me te whakaata i ō rātou ake hiahia (ngā hiahia katoa rānei mēnā kāore e whakamahia ngā whakawhiti wera hei wehe i te rohe pēhanga).
Ko tētahi atu wāhanga o tētahi pūnaha kati ko te purenga wai me te tango i te hāora mai i te wai. Ko te nuinga o ngā pūnaha waipēhi he pūnaha maimoatanga wai kei roto ko ngā matū me ngā aukati hei pupuri i te rere o te wai i roto i ngā paipa ki te pH tino pai (tata ki te 9.0) me ngā taumata moroiti hei ārai i ngā kiriata paipa me te waikura. Mā te whakaū i te wai i roto i te pūnaha me te tango i te hau ka āwhina i te whakaroa i te ora o ngā paipa, ngā papu e pā ana, ngā koiri me ngā takirere. Ko te hau e mau ana i roto i ngā paipa ka puta he cavitation i roto i ngā papu wai whakamatao me te whakamahana, ā, ka whakaiti i te whakawhiti wera i roto i te pouaka whakamatao, te poihau, ngā koiri tohanga rānei.
Parahi: Momo L, B, K, M, C rānei, he ngongo kua kumea, kua whakapakeketia, kia rite ki te ASTM B88 me te B88M me ngā hononga parahi whakairo ASME B16.22 me ngā hononga me te tūhono kore-mata, te tūhono rānei mō ngā mahi kei raro i te whenua.
Paipa whakapakeke, momo L, B, K (e whakamahia whānuitia ana i raro i te whenua anake) A rānei i runga i te ASTM B88 me te B88M, me ngā hononga parahi ASME B16.22 me ngā hononga e honoa ana mā te whakapiri kore-mata, mā runga ake rānei i te whenua. Ka taea hoki e tēnei ngongo te whakamahi i ngā hononga hiri.
Ko te ngongo parahi Momo K te ngongo matotoru rawa atu e wātea ana, e whakarato ana i te pēhanga mahi o te 1534 psi. inihi i te 100 F mō te ½ inihi. He iti ake ngā pēhanga mahi o ngā tauira L me M i te K engari he pai tonu mō ngā tono HVAC (ko te pēhanga kei waenga i te 1242 psi i te 100F ki te 12 inihi me te 435 psi me te 395 psi. I tangohia ēnei uara mai i ngā Ripanga 3a, 3b me te 3c o te Aratohu Ngongo Parahi i whakaputaina e te Copper Development Assn.
Ko ēnei pēhanga whakahaere he mea hanga mō ngā rere paipa tika, ehara i te mea he rere pūnaha e herea ana ki te pēhanga. Ko ngā hononga me ngā hononga e hono ana i ngā roa paipa e rua ka nui ake te tūponotanga ka turuturu, ka pakaru rānei i raro i te pēhanga whakahaere o ētahi pūnaha. Ko ngā momo hononga noa mō ngā paipa parahi ko te whakarewa, te whakapiripiri, te hiri pēhanga rānei. Me hanga ēnei momo hononga mai i ngā rauemi kore-mata, ā, me whakatau mō te pēhanga e tumanakohia ana i roto i te pūnaha.
Ka taea e ia momo hononga te pupuri i tētahi pūnaha kore turuturu ina hiritia tika te hononga, engari he rerekē te urupare a ēnei pūnaha ina kāore te hononga i hiritia katoatia, i whakakīia rānei. He nui ake te tūponotanga ka pakaru, ka turuturu ngā hononga whakarewa me te whakarewa ina whakakīia tuatahitia te pūnaha, ā, kāore anō kia nohoia te whare. I tēnei wā, ka taea e ngā kaimahi kirimana me ngā kaitirotiro te whakatau wawe i te wāhi e turuturu ana te hononga, me te whakatika i te raruraru i mua i te whakahaerenga katoa o te pūnaha, me te pakaru o ngā pāhihi me ngā whakapaipai o roto. Ka taea hoki tēnei te tārua me ngā hononga ārai turuturu mēnā kua tohua he mowhiti kimi turuturu, he huihuinga rānei. Ki te kore koe e pēhi katoa ki raro hei tautuhi i te wāhi raruraru, ka turuturu te wai i roto i te hononga pērā i te whakarewa, te whakarewa rānei. Ki te kore e tohua ngā hononga ārai turuturu ki roto i te hoahoa, ka noho tonu i raro i te pēhanga i ētahi wā i te wā whakamātautau hangahanga, ā, ka pakaru pea i muri i tētahi wā mahi, ka nui ake te kino ki te wāhi e nohoia ana, ka whara pea ngā kainoho, inā koa mēnā ka puta ngā paipa wera wera i roto i ngā paipa. wai.
Ko ngā taunakitanga mō te rahi o ngā paipa parahi e ahu mai ana i ngā whakaritenga o ngā ture, ngā taunakitanga a te kaihanga me ngā tikanga pai rawa atu. Mō ngā tono wai matao (ko te pāmahana tuku wai he 42 ki te 45 F te tikanga), ko te tere tere e taunakitia ana mō ngā pūnaha paipa parahi he 8 putu ia hekona hei whakaiti i te haruru o te pūnaha me te whakaiti i te kaha o te horo/waikura. Mō ngā pūnaha wai wera (ko te tikanga he 140 ki te 180 F mō te whakamahana wāhi me te 205 F mō te whakaputa wai wera ā-whare i roto i ngā pūnaha ranu), he iti iho te tere e taunakitia ana mō ngā paipa parahi. E whakarārangihia ana ēnei tere e te Pukapuka Ārahi Ngongo Parahi hei 2 ki te 3 putu ia hekona ina neke ake te pāmahana tuku wai i te 140 F.
He rahi te nuinga o ngā paipa parahi, tae atu ki te 12 inihi. Ka whakawhāitihia te whakamahinga o te parahi i roto i ngā ratonga matua o te kāmpus, nā te mea he maha ngā wā ka hiahiatia he paipa nui atu i te 12 inihi te whānui mō ēnei hoahoa whare. Mai i te tipu matua ki ngā whakawhiti wera e pā ana. He maha ake ngā paipa parahi i roto i ngā pūnaha waipēhi he 3 inihi te whānui, iti iho rānei. Mō ngā rahi neke atu i te 3 inihi, he maha ake ngā paipa maitai kōhao. Nā te rerekētanga o te utu i waenga i te maitai me te parahi tēnei, te rerekētanga o te mahi mō te paipa kōpikopiko me te paipa whakarewa, whakarewa rānei (kāore e whakaaetia, kāore hoki e taunakitia ana ngā taputapu pēhanga e te rangatira, e te miihini rānei), me ngā tere wai me ngā pāmahana e taunakitia ana i roto i ia paipa rauemi.
Rino: Paipa rino pango, paipa konukōre rānei, kia rite ki te ASTM A 53/A 53M me ngā hononga rino ngāwari (ASME B16.3) rino whao rānei (ASTM A 234/A 234M) me ngā hononga rino ngāwari (ASME B16.39). Kei te wātea ngā hononga miro, ngā hononga me ngā hononga akomanga 150 me te 300. Ka taea te whakarewa i te paipa ki te konganuku whakakī kia rite ki te AWS D10.12/D10.12M.
E rite ana ki te ASTM A 536 Class 65-45-12 Ductile Iron, ASTM A 47/A 47M Class 32510 Ductile Iron me te ASTM A 53/A 53M Class F, E, S Grade B Assembly Steel rānei, ASTM A106 rānei, maitai grade B. He hononga awaawa, he hononga pūmau rānei hei tāpiri i ngā hononga pito awaawa.
E ai ki te kōrero i runga ake nei, he nui ake te whakamahinga o ngā paipa rino mō ngā paipa nunui i roto i ngā pūnaha waipēhi. Mā tēnei momo pūnaha ka taea te whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga pēhanga, pāmahana me te rahi hei whakatutuki i ngā hiahia o ngā pūnaha wai matao me ngā pūnaha wai wera. Ko ngā tohu akomanga mō ngā flanges, ngā hononga, me ngā hononga e pā ana ki te pēhanga mahi o te mamaoa kua mākū i roto i te psi. inihi o te tūemi e rite ana. Kua hangaia ngā hononga Akomanga 150 kia mahi i te pēhanga mahi o te 150 psi. inihi i te 366 F, ko ngā hononga Akomanga 300 e whakarato ana i te pēhanga mahi o te 300 psi. i te 550 F. Ko ngā hononga Akomanga 150 e whakarato ana i te pēhanga wai mahi neke atu i te 300 psi. inihi i te 150 F, ā, ko ngā hononga Akomanga 300 e whakarato ana i te pēhanga wai mahi tae atu ki te 2,000 psi. inihi i te 150 F. Kei te wātea ētahi atu waitohu hononga mō ngā momo paipa motuhake. Hei tauira, mō ngā flanges paipa rino maka me ngā hononga flanged ASME 16.1, ka taea te whakamahi i ngā tohu 125, 250 rānei.
Ka whakamahia e ngā pūnaha paipa me ngā pūnaha hononga kōhao ngā kōhao kua tapahia, kua hangaia rānei i ngā pito o ngā paipa, ngā hononga, ngā takirere, me ētahi atu hei hono i waenga i ia roa o te paipa, o ngā hononga rānei ki tētahi pūnaha hononga ngāwari, pakari rānei. E rua, neke atu rānei ngā wāhanga kua whakapurua ēnei hononga, ā, he whāriki kei roto i te pū o te hononga. Kei te wātea ēnei pūnaha i roto i ngā momo flange akomanga 150 me te 300 me ngā rauemi gasket EPDM, ā, ka taea te mahi i ngā pāmahana wai mai i te 230 ki te 250 F (i runga i te rahi o te paipa). Ko ngā mōhiohio paipa kōhao i tangohia mai i ngā pukapuka ā-ringa me ngā tuhinga a Victaulic.
E whakaaetia ana ngā paipa rino o te Kaupapa 40 me te 80 mō ngā pūnaha HVAC. Ko te whakatakotoranga paipa e pā ana ki te matotoru o te pakitara o te paipa, e piki ake ana me te tau whakatakotoranga. Mēnā ka piki ake te matotoru o te pakitara o te paipa, ka piki ake hoki te pēhanga mahi e whakaaetia ana mō te paipa tika. Ka taea e ngā ngongo Kaupapa 40 te pēhanga mahi o te 1694 psi mō te ½ inihi. Paipa, 696 psi inihi mō te 12 inihi (-20 ki te 650 F). Ko te pēhanga mahi e whakaaetia ana mō ngā ngongo Kaupapa 80 ko te 3036 psi inihi (½ inihi) me te 1305 psi inihi (12 inihi) (e rua -20 ki te 650 F). I tangohia ēnei uara mai i te wāhanga Raraunga Hangarau Watson McDaniel.
Kirihou: Ngā paipa kirihou CPVC, ngā hononga pūwero ki te Whakatakotoranga 40 me te Whakatakotoranga 80 ki te ASTM F 441/F 441M (ASTM F 438 ki te Whakatakotoranga 40 me te ASTM F 439 ki te Whakatakotoranga 80) me ngā piripiri whakarewa (ASTM F493).
Paipa kirihou PVC, ngā hononga tūhono e ai ki te ASTM D 1785 rarangi 40 me te rarangi 80 (ASM D 2466 rarangi 40 me te ASTM D 2467 rarangi 80) me ngā piripiri whakarewa (ASTM D 2564). Kei roto ko te paninga tuatahi e ai ki te ASTM F 656.
He pai ngā paipa CPVC me PVC mō ngā pūnaha waipēhi i raro i te whenua, ahakoa i raro i ēnei āhuatanga me āta tupato i te wā e tāuta ana i ēnei paipa i roto i tētahi kaupapa. He whānuitia te whakamahinga o ngā paipa kirihou i roto i ngā pūnaha waipara me ngā pūnaha hauhautanga, inā koa i ngā taiao o raro whenua e pā tika ana ngā paipa tahanga ki te oneone e karapoti ana. I taua wā anō, he pai te ātete waikura o ngā paipa CPVC me PVC nā te waikura o ētahi oneone. Ko ngā paipa waipēhi he mea whakamahana, ā, he mea hipoki ki te hipoki PVC tiaki e whakarato ana i te ārai i waenga i ngā paipa whakarewa me te oneone e karapoti ana. Ka taea te whakamahi i ngā paipa kirihou i roto i ngā pūnaha wai matao iti ake e tumanakohia ana he iti ake te pēhanga. Ko te pēhanga mahi mōrahi mō ngā paipa PVC neke atu i te 150 psi mō ngā rahi paipa katoa tae atu ki te 8 inihi, engari ka pā anake tēnei ki ngā pāmahana o te 73 F, iti iho rānei. Ko te pāmahana i runga ake i te 73°F ka whakaiti i te pēhanga mahi i roto i te pūnaha paipa ki te 140°F. Ko te tauwehe whakaheke ko te 0.22 i tēnei pāmahana me te 1.0 i te 73 F. Ko te pāmahana mahi mōrahi o te 140 F mō ngā paipa PVC Āpiti 40 me te Āpiti 80. Ka taea e te paipa CPVC te tu atu i te whānuitanga o te pāmahana mahi, ā, he pai mō te whakamahi tae atu ki te 200 F (me te tauwehenga whakaheke o te 0.2), engari he rite te whakatauranga pēhanga ki te PVC, ā, ka taea te whakamahi i roto i ngā tono whakamatao pehanga paerewa i raro i te whenua. ngā pūnaha wai tae atu ki te 8 inihi. Mō ngā pūnaha wai wera e pupuri ana i te pāmahana wai teitei ake tae atu ki te 180, 205 F rānei, kāore i te tūtohutia ngā paipa PVC, CPVC rānei. Ko ngā raraunga katoa i tangohia mai i ngā whakatakotoranga paipa Harvel PVC me ngā whakatakotoranga paipa CPVC.
Paipa He maha ngā momo wai, totoka, me ngā hau e rere ana i roto i ngā paipa. E rere ana ngā wai inu me ngā wai kore inu i roto i ēnei pūnaha. Nā te whānuitanga o ngā wai e rere ana i roto i te pūnaha paipa, ka whakarōpūtia ngā paipa e pā ana ki tēnei he paipa wai kāinga, he paipa waikeri me te hauhautanga rānei.
Wai kāinga: Paipa parahi ngohengohe, ASTM B88 momo K me L, ASTM B88M momo A me B, me ngā hononga parahi pēhanga (ASME B16.22).
Ngā Ngongo Parahi Mārō, ASTM B88 Momo L me M, ASTM B88M Momo B me C, me ngā Hononga Parahi Maka (ASME B16.18), Ngā Hononga Parahi Whakarewa (ASME B16.22), Ngā Karapa Parahi (ASME B16.24)) me ngā hononga parahi (MCS SP-123). Ka taea hoki te whakamahi i ngā hononga hiri i roto i te ngongo.
Ko ngā momo paipa parahi me ngā paerewa e pā ana i tangohia mai i te Wāhanga 22 11 16 o te MasterSpec. Ko te hoahoa o ngā paipa parahi mō te tuku wai kāinga e herea ana e ngā whakaritenga o ngā reiti rere mōrahi. Kua tohua ēnei i roto i te whakatakotoranga paipa penei:
E mea ana te Wāhanga 610.12.1 o te 2012 Uniform Plumbing Code: Kaua te tere mōrahi i roto i ngā pūnaha paipa me ngā hononga parahi me te koranu parahi e neke atu i te 8 putu ia hekona i roto i te wai matao, me te 5 putu ia hekona i roto i te wai wera. Kei roto anō hoki i te Copper Tubing Handbook ēnei uara, e whakamahi ana i ēnei uara hei tere mōrahi e taunakitia ana mō ēnei momo pūnaha.
He paipa kowiri tira momo 316 e ai ki te ASTM A403 me ngā hononga rite e whakamahi ana i ngā hononga whakarewa, i ngā hononga knurled rānei mō ngā paipa wai whare nui ake, me te whakakapi tika mō ngā paipa parahi. I te pikinga o te utu o te parahi, kei te piki haere te rongonui o ngā paipa kowiri tira i roto i ngā pūnaha wai whare. Ko ngā momo paipa me ngā paerewa e pā ana i ahu mai i te Wāhanga MasterSpec a te Veterans Administration (VA).
Ko tētahi mahi auaha hou ka whakatinanahia, ka whakamanahia hoki i te tau 2014 ko te Ture Ārahi Wai Inu ā-Motu. He whakatinanatanga ā-motu tēnei o ngā ture o nāianei i California me Vermont e pā ana ki te nui o te mata i roto i ngā awa wai o ngā paipa, ngā takirere, ngā taputapu rānei e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā pūnaha wai ā-whare. E kī ana te ture me "kore-mata" ngā mata makuku katoa o ngā paipa, ngā taputapu me ngā taputapu, ko te tikanga ko te nui o te mata "kaua e neke ake i te toharite taumaha o te 0.25% (mata)". Me whakaputa e ngā kaihanga ngā hua whakarewa kore-mata kia tutuki ai ngā whakaritenga ture hou. Kei roto i ngā Aratohu mō te Mata i roto i ngā Wāhanga Wai Inu ngā taipitopito e whakaratohia ana e UL.
Te rerenga wai me te whakapūngao: Ngā paipa me ngā taputapu waikeri rino kore ringaringa e rite ana ki te ASTM A 888, ki te Cast Iron Sewer Piping Institute (CISPI) 301 rānei. Ka taea te whakamahi i ngā taputapu Sovent e rite ana ki te ASME B16.45, ASSE 1043 rānei me te pūnaha kore-mutu.
Me tutuki ngā paipa waikeri rino maka me ngā hononga whakarara ki ngā paerewa ASTM A 74, ngā gasket rapa (ASTM C 564) me te hiri mata parakore me te muka ōki, te muka hemp rānei (ASTM B29).
Ka taea te whakamahi i ngā momo paipa e rua i roto i ngā whare, engari ko ngā paipa me ngā taputapu kore-paipa te mea e whakamahia whānuitia ana i runga ake i te whenua i roto i ngā whare arumoni. Mā ngā paipa rino maka me ngā Taputapu Kore-Pū CISPI ka taea te tāutanga tuturu, ka taea te whirihora anō, ka taea rānei te uru atu mā te tango i ngā here here, me te pupuri tonu i te kounga o te paipa whakarewa, e whakaiti ana i te haruru pakaru i roto i te awa para i roto i te paipa. Ko te ngoikoretanga o te paipa rino maka ko te pirau o te paipa nā te para waikawa e kitea ana i roto i ngā whakaurunga kaukau noa.
Ka taea te whakamahi i ngā paipa me ngā hononga kowiri tira ASME A112.3.1 me ngā pito pūangi me te pūangi mō ngā pūnaha rerenga wai kounga teitei hei whakakapi i ngā paipa rino maka. Ka whakamahia hoki ngā paipa kowiri tira mō te wāhanga tuatahi o te paipa, e hono ana ki te totohu papa e mimiti ai te hua waro hei whakaiti i te kino o te waikura.
Paipa PVC totoka e ai ki te ASTM D 2665 (te waikeri, te hurihanga me ngā pūhau) me te paipa honikoma PVC e ai ki te ASTM F 891 (Tāpiritanga 40), ngā hononga mura (ASTM D 2665 ki te ASTM D 3311, te waikeri, te para me ngā pūhau) e tika ana mō te paipa Āpitihanga 40), te paninga piri (ASTM F 656) me te piripiri whakarewa (ASTM D 2564). Ka kitea ngā paipa PVC i runga ake, i raro hoki i te taumata whenua i roto i ngā whare arumoni, ahakoa he maha ake te whakarārangi i raro i te taumata whenua nā te pakaru o ngā paipa me ngā whakaritenga ture motuhake.
I roto i te mana whakahaere hanga o Nevada ki te Tonga, e kī ana te Whakatikatika o te Ture Hanga Whare o te Ao (IBC) o te tau 2009:
603.1.2.1 Taputapu. E whakaaetia ana kia tāutahia ngā paipa mura ki roto i te rūma miihini, e karapotia ana e tētahi hanganga ātete ahi e rua hāora te roa, ā, e tiakina katoatia ana e ngā pūwero wai aunoa. Ka taea te whakahaere i ngā paipa mura mai i te rūma taputapu ki ētahi atu rūma, mena kei roto ngā paipa i tētahi huihuinga ātete ahi e rua hāora te roa kua whakaaetia. Ina haere aua paipa mura mā roto i ngā pakitara ahi me/ngā papa/tuanui rānei, me tohu te urunga mō te rauemi paipa motuhake me ngā taumata F me te T kāore i raro iho i te ātete ahi e hiahiatia ana mō te urunga. Kaua ngā paipa mura e uru ki roto i te neke atu i te kotahi paparanga.
Ko te tikanga o tēnei, me takai ngā paipa mura katoa (kirihou, aha atu rānei) kei roto i tētahi whare Akomanga 1A e ai ki te IBC ki roto i tētahi hanganga e rua hāora te roa. He maha ngā painga o te whakamahinga o ngā paipa PVC i roto i ngā pūnaha waikeri. Ki te whakatauritea ki ngā paipa rino maka, he ātete ake te PVC ki te waikura me te waikura i puta mai i ngā para kaukau me te oneone. Ina whakatakotoria ki raro i te whenua, he ātete anō hoki ngā paipa PVC ki te waikura o te oneone e karapoti ana (e whakaaturia ana i te wāhanga paipa HVAC). Ko ngā paipa PVC e whakamahia ana i roto i tētahi pūnaha waikeri he rite tonu ki ngā herenga o tētahi pūnaha waipēhi HVAC, me te pāmahana whakahaere mōrahi o te 140 F. Ko tēnei pāmahana e whakahauhia ana e ngā whakaritenga o te Uniform Piping Code me te International Piping Code, e kī ana me raro iho i te 140 F te pāmahana o ngā tukunga ki ngā kaiwhakawhiwhi para.
E ai ki te Wāhanga 810.1 o te 2012 Uniform Plumbing Code, kaua ngā paipa mamaoa e hono tika ki tētahi pūnaha paipa, ki tētahi pūnaha waikeri rānei, ā, kaua hoki te wai i runga ake i te 140 F (60 C) e tukuna tika ki roto i tētahi waikeri pēhanga.
E ai ki te Wāhanga 803.1 o te Ture Paramu ā-Ao o te tau 2012, kaua ngā paipa mamaoa e honoa ki tētahi pūnaha waikeri, ki tētahi wāhanga rānei o te pūnaha paramu, ā, kaua hoki te wai i runga ake i te 140 F (60 C) e tukuna ki tētahi wāhanga o te pūnaha waikeri.
E pā ana ngā pūnaha paipa motuhake ki te kawe i ngā wai rerekē. Ka taea e ēnei wai te whakauru mai i ngā paipa mō ngā ika moana ki ngā paipa hei tuku matū ki ngā pūnaha taputapu puna kaukau. Kāore i te kitea ngā pūnaha paipa ika i roto i ngā whare arumoni, engari ka tāutahia ki ētahi hōtēra he pūnaha paipa mamao e hono ana ki ngā wāhi rerekē mai i tētahi rūma papu pokapū. Ko te maitai kore waikura te ahua nei he momo paipa e tika ana mō ngā pūnaha wai moana nā tōna kaha ki te aukati i te waikura me ētahi atu pūnaha wai, engari ka taea e te wai tote te waikura me te whakakino i ngā paipa maitai kore waikura. Mō ēnei tono, ka tutuki i ngā paipa moana kirihou, parahi-nikara rānei CPVC ngā whakaritenga waikura; i te wā e whakatakoto ana i ēnei paipa i roto i tētahi whare arumoni nui, me whai whakaaro ki te mura o ngā paipa. E ai ki te kōrero i runga ake nei, ko te whakamahinga o ngā paipa mura i te Tonga o Nevada me tono he tikanga kē atu hei whakaatu i te hiahia ki te whakatutuki i te waehere momo whare e tika ana.
Kei roto i ngā paipa kaukau e tuku ana i te wai parakore mō te rumaki tinana he nui ngā matū waimeha (ka taea te whakamahi i te 12.5% ​​te wai mākū konutai me te waikawa hauwaimākū) hei pupuri i te pH me te taurite matū motuhake e hiahiatia ana e te tari hauora. Haunga ngā paipa matū waimeha, me kawe te wai mākū hauota katoa me ētahi atu matū mai i ngā wāhi rokiroki rauemi nui me ngā rūma taputapu motuhake. He ātete matū ngā paipa CPVC mō te tuku wai mākū hauota, engari ka taea te whakamahi i ngā paipa ferrosilicon teitei hei whakakapi i ngā paipa matū ina haere ana i roto i ngā momo whare kore e mura (hei tauira, Momo 1A). He kaha engari he pakarukaru ake i ngā paipa rino maka paerewa, ā, he taumaha ake i ngā paipa rite.
Ka matapakihia e tēnei tuhinga ētahi o ngā mea maha ka taea te hoahoa i ngā pūnaha paipa. Koinei te nuinga o ngā momo pūnaha kua tāutahia ki ngā whare arumoni nui, engari ka noho tonu ētahi tūponotanga ki te ture. He rauemi tino nui te whakatakotoranga matua whānui hei whakatau i te momo paipa mō tētahi pūnaha kua whakaritea, me te aromatawai i ngā paearu tika mō ia hua. Ka tutuki i ngā whakatakotoranga paerewa ngā whakaritenga o te maha o ngā kaupapa, engari me arotake e ngā kaihoahoa me ngā miihini ina tae mai ki ngā pourewa teitei, ngā pāmahana teitei, ngā matū morearea, ngā huringa ture, ngā mana whakahaere rānei. Ako atu mō ngā taunakitanga me ngā here o ngā paipa kia taea ai te whakatau whai whakaaro mō ngā hua kua tāutahia ki tō kaupapa. Ka whakawhirinaki ā mātou kiritaki ki a mātou hei tohunga hoahoa ki te whakarato i ō rātou whare ki te rahi tika, ki ngā hoahoa taurite me te utu tika, ka eke ngā paipa ki tō rātou roa e tumanakohia ana, ā, kāore e pāngia e ngā pakaru kino.
He miihini kaupapa a Matt Dolan i JBA Consulting Engineers. Ko tana wheako kei roto i te hoahoa o ngā pūnaha HVAC me ngā pūnaha paipa matatini mō ngā momo whare maha pēnei i ngā tari arumoni, ngā whare hauora me ngā whare manaaki manuhiri, tae atu ki ngā pourewa manuhiri teitei me ngā wharekai maha.
He wheako, he mōhiotanga rānei tōu mō ngā kaupapa e kapi ana i tēnei tuhinga? Me whakaaro koe ki te whai wāhi atu ki tā mātou tīma ētita CFE Media, me te whiwhi i te whakamihi e tika ana māu me tō kamupene. Pāwhiri ki konei hei tīmata i te tukanga.