2. Nzwisisa mhando nhatu dzemasystem epombi: HVAC (hydraulic), pombi dzemvura (mvura yemumba, tsvina uye mhepo inofefetera) uye masisitimu emakemikari uye akakosha epombi (masisitimu emvura yegungwa nemakemikari ane njodzi).
Masisitimu epombi nemapombi aripo muzvivakwa zvakawanda. Vanhu vazhinji vakaona mapaipi eP-trap kana refrigerant achiiswa pasi pesinki achienda nekudzoka kusystem yakapatsanurwa. Vanhu vashoma vanoona mapaipi makuru einjiniya ari mufekitori yepakati kana sisitimu yekuchenesa makemikari mukamuri remidziyo yedziva. Imwe neimwe yeiyi mashandisirwo inoda mhando chaiyo yemapaipi inosangana nezvinodiwa, zvirambidzo zvemuviri, makodhi, uye maitiro akanakisa ekugadzira.
Hapana mhinduro iri nyore yepombi inokodzera mashandisirwo ese. Masisitimu aya anosangana nezvinodiwa zvese zvepanyama uye zvekodhi kana zvinodiwa zvekugadzira zvikazadzikiswa uye mibvunzo chaiyo ikabvunzwa varidzi nevashandisi. Pamusoro pezvo, vanogona kuchengetedza mari yakakodzera uye nguva yekugadzirira kugadzira sisitimu yekuvaka inobudirira.
Mapaipi eHVAC ane mvura dzakasiyana-siyana, kumanikidzwa uye tembiricha. Paipi iyi inogona kuva pamusoro kana pasi pevhu uye inopfuura nepakati kana kunze kwechivako. Zvinhu izvi zvinofanirwa kufungwa nezvazvo pakusarudza mapaipi eHVAC muchirongwa ichi. Izwi rekuti "hydrodynamic cycle" rinoreva kushandiswa kwemvura senzira yekufambisa kupisa yekutonhodza nekudziya. Mukushandiswa kwega kwega, mvura inopihwa nechiyero chekuyerera kwemvura uye tembiricha. Kutamiswa kwekupisa mukamuri kunoitwa nemhepo-kuenda-kumvura coil yakagadzirirwa kudzorera mvura patembiricha yakatarwa. Izvi zvinotungamira kuchokwadi chekuti huwandu hwakati hwekupisa hunotamiswa kana kubviswa munzvimbo yacho. Kutenderera kwemvura inotonhodza nekudziya ndiyo sisitimu huru inoshandiswa kutonhora kwemhepo munzvimbo huru dzekutengeserana.
Kune akawanda mashandisirwo ekuvaka ari pasi, kumanikidzwa kwekushanda kwesystem kunotarisirwa kunowanzova pasi pemapaunzi 150 pa sikweya inch (psig). Sisitimu yehydraulic (mvura inotonhora neinodziya) sisitimu ye closed circuit. Izvi zvinoreva kuti musoro wepombi unotarisa kurasikirwa kwekukweshana musystem yepombi, ma coil akabatana, mavharuvhu nezvimwe zvinoshandiswa. Kureba kwesystem hakukanganisi mashandiro epombi, asi kunokanganisa kumanikidzwa kwekushanda kunodiwa kwesystem. Ma coolers, boilers, mapombi, mapombi nezvimwe zvinoshandiswa zvakayerwa kumanikidzwa kwekushanda kwepsi 150, izvo zvinowanzoonekwa kune vagadziri vemidziyo nezvikamu. Pazvinogoneka, chiyero ichi chekumanikidzwa chinofanira kuchengetedzwa mukugadzirwa kwesisitimu. Zvivako zvakawanda zvinoonekwa sezvishoma kana zvepakati zvinowira muchikamu che 150 psi working pressure.
Mukugadzira zvivakwa zvemamita marefu, zviri kuramba zvichiwedzera kuoma kuchengetedza masisitimu emapaipi nemidziyo iri pasi pechiyero che150 psi. Musoro wemutsetse usingachinji uri pamusoro pemamita angangoita 350 (pasina kuwedzera kumanikidzwa kwepombi kusisitimu) uchapfuura chiyero chekushanda kwesimba remasisitimu aya (1 psi = musoro wemamita 2.31). Sisitimu iyi ingangoshandisa chinopwanya kumanikidzwa (muchimiro cheheat exchanger) kuti iparadzanise zvinodiwa zvekumanikidzwa kwepamusoro kwekoramu kubva kune mamwe mapaipi nemidziyo yakabatana. Dhizaini iyi yesisitimu ichabvumira dhizaini nekuisa ma pressure coolers akajairwa pamwe nekuratidza ma pressure pressure coolers nemidziyo mu cooling tower.
Pakutsanangura mapaipi epurojekiti huru yekambasi, mugadziri/mainjiniya anofanira kuziva shongwe nemapaipi akatarwa papodium, achiratidza zvinodiwa zvavo (kana zvinodiwa pamwe chete kana zvinhu zvinochinja-chinja kupisa zvisingashandiswe kuparadzanisa nzvimbo yekumanikidzwa).
Chimwe chikamu chesystem yakavharwa kucheneswa kwemvura uye kubviswa kweokisijeni mumvura. Mazhinji masisitimu ehydraulic ane sisitimu yekurapa mvura ine makemikari akasiyana-siyana uye zvinodzivisa kuchengetedza mvura ichiyerera nemumapaipi pa pH yakakwana (inenge 9.0) uye mazinga ehutachiona kurwisa biofilms dzemapaipi uye ngura. Kudzikamisa mvura musystem uye kubvisa mhepo kunobatsira kuwedzera hupenyu hwemapaipi, mapombi anobatanidzwa, ma coil nemavharuvhu. Chero mweya wakavharirwa mumapaipi unogona kukonzera cavitation mumapombi emvura anotonhorera uye anodziya uye kuderedza kutapurirana kwekupisa mu cooler, boiler kana circulation coils.
Mhangura: Mhando L, B, K, M kana C dzakakweverwa uye dzakaomarara zvichienderana neASTM B88 neB88M pamwe chete neASME B16.22 dzakagadzirwa nemhangura dzakasungirirwa nesimbi isina mutobvu kana solder yekushandisa pasi pevhu.
Pombi dzakaomarara, dzerudzi rweL, B, K (dzinowanzo shandiswa pasi pevhu chete) kana A paASTM B88 neB88M, dzine ASME B16.22 whirled copper fittings uye fittings dzakabatana ne lead-free kana pamusoro pevhu soldering. Pombi iyi inobvumirawo kushandiswa kwe fittings dzakavharirwa.
Tubhu remhangura rerudzi rweK ndiro rakakora kupfuura mamwe ese aripo, richipa kumanikidzwa kushanda kwe1534 psi. inch pa100 F pa ½ inch. Mamodheru eL neM ane kumanikidzwa kushanda kwakaderera pane K asi achiri kukodzera kushandiswa kweHVAC (kumanikidzwa kunobva pa1242 psi pa100F kusvika 12 in. uye 435 psi ne395 psi Aya mavalues ​​​​anotorwa kubva paTables 3a, 3b ne3c yeCopper Tubing Guide yakaburitswa neCopper Development Assn.
Kumanikidzwa uku kwekushanda ndekwekumhanya kwepombi dzakatwasuka, izvo zvisingawanzo kumanikidzwa kwesystem. Zvishandiso nekubatanidza zvinobatanidza hurefu hwepombi mbiri zvinogona kudonha kana kukundikana kana paine kumanikidzwa kwekushanda kwemamwe masisitimu. Mhando dzakajairika dzekubatanidza mapaipi emhangura ndedzekuwelda, kusundira kana kuvharirwa. Mhando idzi dzekubatanidza dzinofanira kugadzirwa nezvinhu zvisina lead uye dzakaongororwa kuti dzienderane nekumanikidzwa kunotarisirwa musystem.
Rudzi rwese rwekubatanidza runokwanisa kuchengetedza sisitimu isina kudonha kana fitting yakavharwa zvakanaka, asi masisitimu aya anopindura zvakasiyana kana fitting isina kuvharwa zvizere kana kusundwa. Majoini e solder ne solder anogona kukundikana nekudonha kana sisitimu yazadzwa nekuedzwa kekutanga uye chivakwa chisati chagarwa. Muchiitiko ichi, makontrakita nevanoongorora vanogona kukurumidza kuona kuti joint iri kudonha kupi uye kugadzirisa dambudziko sisitimu isati yatanga kushanda zvizere uye vafambi nemidziyo yemukati vakakuvara. Izvi zvinogona zvakare kudzokororwa ne fittings dzinodzivirira kudonha kana ring yekuona kudonha kana assembly yatsanangurwa. Kana usingadzvanyirire pasi kuti uone nzvimbo ine dambudziko, mvura inogona kudonha kubva mu fitting sekunge solder kana solder. Kana fittings dzinodzivirira kudonha dzisina kutsanangurwa mudhizaini, dzimwe nguva dzinoramba dziri pasi pekumanikidzwa panguva yekuedzwa kwekuvaka uye dzinogona kukundikana mushure menguva yekushanda, zvichikonzera kukuvara kwakawanda kunzvimbo inogarwa uye kukuvara kunogona kuitika kune varimo, kunyanya kana mapombi anopisa anopisa akapfuura nemapombi.
Kurudziro yehukuru hwemapaipi emhangura inobva pane zvinodiwa nemitemo, mazano emugadziri uye maitiro akanakisa. Pakushandisa mvura inotonhora (tembiricha yemvura inowanzova 42 kusvika 45 F), muganho wekumhanya unokurudzirwa wemapombi emhangura i8 feet pasekondi kuderedza ruzha rwemapombi uye kuderedza mukana wekukukurwa/kuora. Kune masisitimu emvura inopisa (kazhinji 140 kusvika 180 F yekudziyisa nzvimbo uye kusvika 205 F yekugadzira mvura inopisa yemumba mumasisitimu ehybrid), muganho wekumhanya unokurudzirwa wemapombi emhangura ishoma zvikuru. Bhuku reCopper Tubing Manual rinonyora kumhanya uku se2 kusvika 3 feet pasekondi kana tembiricha yemvura iri pamusoro pe140 F.
Mapaipi emhangura anowanzo svika saizi yakati, kusvika masendimita makumi matatu nemaviri. Izvi zvinoderedza kushandiswa kwemhangura mumabasa makuru epayunivhesiti, sezvo magadzirirwo aya ekuvaka achiwanzoda ducting yakakura kupfuura masendimita gumi nemaviri. Kubva papurazi repakati kusvika kune zvinochinja-chinja kupisa zvine chekuita nazvo. Mapaipi emhangura anowanzo shandiswa muma hydraulic systems ane dhayamita ye 3 inches kana pasi. Kune saizi dzinopfuura masendimita matatu, mapaipi esimbi ane slotted anonyanya kushandiswa. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nemusiyano wemutengo uripo pakati pesimbi nemhangura, mutsauko webasa remapaipi ane corrugated kana welded kana brazed (pressure fittings hadzitenderwe kana kukurudzirwa nemuridzi kana mainjiniya), uye kumhanya kwemvura nekupisa zviri mukati mepaipi yega yega yezvinhu.
Simbi: Pombi nhema kana kuti simbi yakarungwa paASTM A 53/A 53M ine simbi yakarungwa (ASME B16.3) kana simbi yakarungwa (ASTM A 234/A 234M) uye simbi yakarungwa (ASME B16.39). Maflange, midziyo uye kubatanidza kwekirasi 150 ne300 kunowanikwa nemidziyo yakarungwa kana yakarungwa. Pombi inogona kusungirirwa nesimbi yekuzadza zvichienderana neAWS D10.12/D10.12M.
Inoenderana neASTM A 536 Kirasi 65-45-12 Ductile Iron, ASTM A 47/A 47M Kirasi 32510 Ductile Iron uye ASTM A 53/A 53M Kirasi F, E, kana S Giredi B Assembly Steel, kana ASTM A106, giredhi B resimbi. Zvishandiso zvesimbi zvakasungirirwa kana kuti zvemachira zvekubatanidza zvishandiso zvekupedzisira zvakasungirirwa.
Sezvambotaurwa pamusoro apa, mapaipi esimbi anonyanya kushandiswa pamapaipi makuru muma hydraulic systems. Rudzi urwu rwesystem runobvumira kumanikidzwa kwakasiyana-siyana, tembiricha uye saizi kuti zvizadzise zvinodiwa nemasystem emvura inotonhorera uye inopisa. Mazita ekirasi yemaflanges, fittings, uye fittings anoreva kumanikidzwa kwebasa kwemhepo yakaguta mu psi. inch yechinhu chakakodzera. Fittings dzeClass 150 dzakagadzirirwa kushanda pakushanda kwe150 psi. inch pa366 F, nepo Fittings dzeClass 300 dzichipa kushanda kwe300 psi. pa550 F. Fittings dzeClass 150 dzinopa simba remvura rinopfuura 300 psi. inch pa150 F, uye Fittings dzeClass 300 dzinopa simba remvura rinosvika 2,000 psi. inch pa150 F. Mamwe marudzi e fittings anowanikwa kune mamwe marudzi emapaipi. Semuenzaniso, kune ma flanges emapaipi esimbi akaumbwa uye ASME 16.1 flanged fittings, magiredhi 125 kana 250 anogona kushandiswa.
Masisitimu emapaipi ane grooved uye ekubatanidza anoshandisa magroove akachekwa kana akaumbwa kumagumo emapombi, mafittings, mavharuvhu, nezvimwewo kuti abatanidze pakati pehurefu hwese hwepombi kana mafittings nesystem yekubatanidza inochinjika kana yakasimba. Ma coupling aya ane zvikamu zviviri kana kupfuura zvakasungirirwa uye ane washer muboo rekubatanidza. Masisitimu aya anowanikwa mumhando dze150 ne300 class flanges uye EPDM gasket materials uye anokwanisa kushanda patembiricha yemvura kubva pa230 kusvika 250 F (zvichienderana nehukuru hwepombi). Ruzivo rwemapaipi ane grooved runotorwa kubva mumabhuku eVictaulic nemabhuku.
Mapaipi esimbi eSchedule 40 ne80 anogamuchirwa kune masisitimu eHVAC. Tsanangudzo yepombi inoreva ukobvu hwemadziro epombi, hunowedzera nenhamba yakatarwa. Nekuwedzera kweukobvu hwemadziro epombi, kumanikidzwa kwekushanda kunobvumirwa kwepombi yakatwasuka kunowedzerawo. Mapaipi eSchedule 40 anobvumira kumanikidzwa kwekushanda kwe1694 psi pa ½ inch. Mapaipi, 696 psi inch pa 12 inches (-20 kusvika 650 F). Kumanikidzwa kwekushanda kunobvumirwa kwepaipi yeSchedule 80 i3036 psi. inch (½ inch) uye 1305 psi. inch (12 inches) (zvose -20 kusvika 650 F). Aya manhamba akatorwa kubva kuchikamu cheWatson McDaniel Engineering Data.
Mapurasitiki: Mapaipi epurasitiki eCPVC, zvigadziko zvesoketi zvinoenderana neSpecification 40 uye Specification 80 kusvika kuASTM F 441/F 441M (ASTM F 438 kusvika kuSpecification 40 uye ASTM F 439 kusvika kuSpecification 80) uye zvinonamira zvinonyungudutsa (ASTM F493).
Pombi yepurasitiki yePVC, zvigadziko zvesoketi zvinoenderana neASTM D 1785 purogiramu 40 uye purogiramu 80 (ASM D 2466 purogiramu 40 uye ASTM D 2467 purogiramu 80) uye zvinonamira zvinonyungudutsa (ASTM D 2564). Zvinosanganisira primer zvichienderana neASTM F 656.
Mapombi eCPVC nePVC akakodzera masisitimu ehydraulic ari pasi pevhu, kunyangwe kunyangwe mumamiriro ezvinhu aya kunofanira kutarisirwa pakuisa mapombi aya muchirongwa. Mapombi epurasitiki anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumasisitimu etsvina uye emhepo, kunyanya munzvimbo dziri pasi pevhu uko mapombi asina chinhu anosangana zvakananga nevhu rakatenderedza. Panguva imwe chete, kuramba ngura kwemapombi eCPVC nePVC kunobatsira nekuda kwekuora kwemamwe mavhu. Mapombi ehydraulic anowanzo putirwa uye akafukidzwa nePVC sheath inodzivirira iyo inopa buffer pakati pemapombi esimbi nevhu rakatenderedza. Mapombi epurasitiki anogona kushandiswa mumasisitimu madiki emvura inotonhora uko kumanikidzwa kwakaderera kunotarisirwa. Kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya kwekushanda kwepombi yePVC kunodarika 150 psi kune ese mapombi saizi kusvika 8 inches, asi izvi zvinoshanda chete kune tembiricha ye73 F kana pasi. Chero tembiricha iri pamusoro pe73°F inoderedza kumanikidzwa kwekushanda musisitimu yepombi kusvika 140°F. Chiyero chekudzima mvura chiri 0.22 patembiricha iyi uye 1.0 pa73 F. Tembiricha yepamusoro yekushandisa ye140 F ndeyemapaipi ePVC eSchedule 40 neSchedule 80. Pombi yeCPVC inokwanisa kutsungirira tembiricha yakakura yekushanda, zvichiita kuti ikodzere kushandiswa kusvika 200 F (ine chiyero chekudzima mvura chiri 0.2), asi ine chiyero chekumanikidza chakafanana nePVC, zvichibvumira kuti ishandiswe mukushandiswa kwemhepo inotonhorera pasi pevhu. Masisitimu emvura anosvika masendimita 8. Kune masisitimu emvura inopisa anochengetedza tembiricha yepamusoro yemvura kusvika 180 kana 205 F, mapaipi ePVC kana CPVC haakurudzirwi. Ruzivo rwese rwunotorwa kubva kuHarvel PVC pipe specifications uye CPVC pipe specifications.
Mapaipi Mapaipi anotakura mvura dzakasiyana-siyana, zvinhu zvakasimba, uye magasi. Zvese zvinonwiwa zvinonwiwa nezvisinganwiwa zvinoyerera muhurongwa uhu. Nekuda kwemhando dzakasiyana dzemvura dzinotakurwa muhurongwa hwemapaipi, mapaipi ari kutaurwa nezvawo anorongwa semapaipi emvura epamba kana mapaipi emvura anodhonza mvura uye ekufema.
Mvura yemumba: Pombi dzemhangura dzakapfava, ASTM B88 mhando K na L, ASTM B88M mhando A na B, dzine zvinhu zvinosungirirwa zvemhangura (ASME B16.22).
Mataipi emhangura akaomarara, ASTM B88 Mhando L naM, ASTM B88M Mhando B naC, neCast Copper Weld Fittings (ASME B16.18), Wrought Copper Weld Fittings (ASME B16.22), Bronze Flanges (ASME B16.24) ) uye copper fittings (MCS SP-123). Chubhu iyi inobvumirawo kushandiswa kwezvishandiso zvakavharwa.
Mhando dzemapaipi emhangura pamwe chete nezvinodiwa zvinoenderana nazvo zvakatorwa kubva muChikamu 22 11 16 cheMasterSpec. Dhizaini yemapaipi emhangura yekupa mvura yemumba inoganhurirwa nezvinodiwa zvekuyerera kwakanyanya. Zvinotsanangurwa mutsanangudzo yemapaipi seizvi:
Chikamu 610.12.1 che2012 Uniform Plumbing Code chinoti: Kumhanya kwakanyanya mumapaipi emhangura necopper alloy uye masisitimu ekugadzirisa hakufanirwe kudarika mamita 8 pasekondi mumvura inotonhora uye mamita 5 pasekondi mumvura inopisa. Aya manhamba anodzokororwawo muCopper Tubing Handbook, iyo inoshandisa manhamba aya seanonyanya kukurudzirwa kumhanya kwakanyanya kune aya marudzi emasisitimu.
Mapaipi esimbi isina ngura emhando ye316 zvichienderana neASTM A403 nezvimwe zvakafanana zvinoshandisa majoini akasungirirwa kana akaputirwa emapaipi makuru emvura emumba uye kutsiva zvakananga mapaipi emhangura. Nekukwira kwemutengo wemhangura, mapaipi esimbi isina ngura ari kuwanda mumasisitimu emvura emumba. Mhando dzemapaipi uye zviyero zvine chekuita nazvo zvinobva kuVeterans Administration (VA) MasterSpec Section 22 11 00.
Imwe nzira itsva ichashandiswa uye ichashandiswa muna 2014 iFederal Drinking Water Leadership Act. Uku kusimbiswa kwemitemo iripo muCalifornia neVermont maererano nehuwandu hwemutobvu mumigero yemvura yemapaipi, mavharuvhu, kana zvigadziko zvinoshandiswa mumvura yemumba. Mutemo unoti nzvimbo dzese dzakanyoroveswa dzemapaipi, zvigadziko nezvigadziko zvinofanira kunge "zvisina mutobvu", zvinoreva kuti huwandu hwemutobvu "hahupfuure avhareji inorema ye0.25% (lead)". Izvi zvinoda kuti vagadziri vagadzire zvigadzirwa zvisina mutobvu kuti zvitevedzere zvinodiwa zvitsva zvemutemo. Ruzivo rwunopihwa neUL muGwara reLead muZvikamu zveMvura Yekunwa.
Kudhonza mvura uye kufefetedza: Mapombi etsvina asina maoko esimbi yakakandwa uye zvinosungirirwa zvinoenderana neASTM A 888 kana Cast Iron Sewer Piping Institute (CISPI) 301. Zvinosungirirwa zvinonyungudutsa zvinoenderana neASME B16.45 kana ASSE 1043 zvinogona kushandiswa nesystem isingamire.
Mapaipi etsvina yesimbi yakakandwa uye zvinhu zvinosungirirwa zvakaputirwa zvinofanirwa kutevedzera ASTM A 74, magasket erabha (ASTM C 564) uye pure lead uye oak kana hemp fiber sealant (ASTM B29).
Mhando dzese dzemapayipi emvura dzinogona kushandiswa muzvivakwa, asi mapayipi emvura asina duct uye mafittings anonyanya kushandiswa pamusoro pevhu muzvivakwa zvemabhizinesi. Mapaipi esimbi ane CISPI Plugless Fittings anobvumira kuiswa zvachose, anogona kugadziriswazve kana kuwanikwa nekubvisa mabhendi, ukuwo achichengetedza kunaka kwepombi yesimbi, izvo zvinoderedza ruzha rwekuputika kwemvura mumarara ari mupombi. Dambudziko remapaipi esimbi emvura nderekuti mapaipi anoora nekuda kwetsvina ine acid inowanikwa munzvimbo dzekugezera.
ASME A112.3.1 mapaipi esimbi isina ngura uye zvinhu zvinosungirirwa zvine magumo akapfurwa uye akapfurwa zvinogona kushandiswa pakugadzira masisitimu emvura emhando yepamusoro panzvimbo pemapaipi esimbi yakakandwa. Mapombi esimbi isina ngura anoshandiswawo pachikamu chekutanga chepombi, chinobatanidza nesinki yepasi apo chigadzirwa che carbonated chinoyerera mvura kuderedza kukuvara kwengura.
Pombi yePVC yakasimba zvichienderana neASTM D 2665 (yekudhonza mvura, kupatsanura uye maburi emhepo) uye pombi yePVC yeuchi zvichienderana neASTM F 891 (Annex 40), kubatana kwemoto (ASTM D 2665 kusvika kuASTM D 3311, drain, marara uye maburi emhepo) yakakodzera pombi yeSchedule 40), primer yeglue (ASTM F 656) uye solvent adhesive (ASTM D 2564). Mapombi ePVC anogona kuwanikwa pamusoro nepasi pepasi muzvivakwa zvemabhizinesi, kunyangwe achinyanya kunyorwa pasi pepasi nekuda kwekutsemuka kwepombi uye zvinodiwa nemitemo yakakosha.
Munzvimbo yekuvaka yeSouthern Nevada, 2009 International Building Code (IBC) Amendment inoti:
603.1.2.1 Midziyo. Mapaipi anobvira anotenderwa kuiswa mukamuri reinjini, akavharirwa nechimiro chisingatsvi moto kwemaawa maviri uye akadzivirirwa zvizere nema sprinkler otomatiki. Mapaipi anobvira anogona kufambiswa kubva mukamuri remichina kuenda kune mamwe makamuri, chero bedzi mapaipi akavharirwa muchikamu chakakosha chinotenderwa chisingatsvi moto chemaawa maviri. Kana mapaipi akadaro achipfuura nepamadziro emoto uye/kana pasi/padenga, kupindira kunofanirwa kutsanangurwa kwezvinhu zvepombi zvine magiredhi F neT asiri pasi pekudzivirira moto kunodiwa kuti kupinde. Mapaipi anobvira haafanire kupinda nepadanho rinopfuura rimwe.
Izvi zvinoda kuti mapaipi ese anobvira (epurasitiki kana zvimwewo) ari muchivako cheClass 1A sezvakatsanangurwa neIBC aputirwe muchimiro chemaawa maviri. Kushandiswa kwemapaipi ePVC mumasisitimu emvura kune zvakanakira zvakawanda. Kana tichienzanisa nemapaipi esimbi yakakandwa, PVC inodzivirira ngura nekuoxidation zvinokonzerwa netsvina yemumba yekugezera nevhu. Kana akaiswa pasi pevhu, mapaipi ePVC anodzivirirawo ngura yevhu rakatenderedza (sezvakaratidzwa muchikamu chemapaipi eHVAC). Mapaipi ePVC anoshandiswa musisitimu yemvura anoenderana nemiganho yakafanana neHVAC hydraulic system, ine tembiricha yepamusoro yekushanda ye140 F. Tembiricha iyi inorayirwa zvakare nezvinodiwa neUniform Piping Code neInternational Piping Code, iyo inotaura kuti chero mareceptor emvura anobuda mutsvina anofanira kunge ari pasi pe140 F.
Chikamu 810.1 che2012 Uniform Plumbing Code chinotaura kuti mapaipi emhepo haafanire kubatanidzwa zvakananga kune pombi kana system yedhiraivha, uye mvura iri pamusoro pe140 F (60 C) haifanirwe kuburitswa zvakananga mudhiraivha ine kumanikidzwa.
Chikamu 803.1 che2012 International Plumbing Code chinotaura kuti mapaipi emhepo haafanirwe kubatanidzwa kune system yekudhonza mvura kana chero chikamu che system yepombi, uye mvura iri pamusoro pe140 F (60 C) haifanirwe kuburitswa mune chero chikamu che system yekudhonza mvura.
Masisitimu emapaipi akakosha ane chekuita nekutakura zvinwiwa zvisiri zvemazuva ese. Zvinwiwa izvi zvinogona kusiyana kubva pakuisa mapaipi emvura yegungwa kusvika pakuisa mapaipi ekupa makemikari kumasisitimu emidziyo yedziva rekushambira. Masisitimu emapaipi eaquarium haawanzo kuwanikwa muzvivakwa zvemabhizinesi, asi akaiswa mune mamwe mahotera ane masisitimu emapaipi ari kure akabatana nenzvimbo dzakasiyana kubva mukamuri repombi yepakati. Simbi isina ngura inoita senge mhando yemapaipi yakakodzera masisitimu emvura yegungwa nekuda kwekugona kwayo kudzivirira ngura nemamwe masisitimu emvura, asi mvura yemunyu inogona kuonda nekuparadza mapaipi esimbi isina ngura. Pakushandisa kwakadaro, mapaipi epurasitiki kana emhangura-nickel CPVC egungwa anosangana nezvinodiwa nengura; pakuisa mapaipi aya munzvimbo huru yekutengeserana, kutsva kwemapaipi kunofanirwa kufungwa. Sezvambotaurwa pamusoro apa, kushandiswa kwemapaipi anobvira muSouthern Nevada kunoda imwe nzira yekukumbirwa kuratidza chinangwa chekutevedzera kodhi yemhando yechivako yakakodzera.
Mapaipi edziva anopa mvura yakachena yekunyudza muviri ane huwandu hwemakemikari akasanganiswa (12.5% ​​​​sodium hypochlorite bleach uye hydrochloric acid zvinogona kushandiswa) kuchengetedza pH chaiyo uye makemikari akaenzana sezvinodiwa nebazi rezvehutano. Pamusoro pemapaipi akasanganiswa emakemikari, chlorine bleach yakazara nemamwe makemikari anofanira kutakurwa kubva kunzvimbo dzekuchengetera zvinhu zvakawanda uye makamuri emidziyo yakakosha. Mapaipi eCPVC haapindi makemikari e chlorine bleach, asi mapaipi ane ferrosilicon yakawanda anogona kushandiswa senzira yekuchinja mapaipi emakemikari kana achipfuura nepakati pemhando dzezvivakwa zvisingatsvi (semuenzaniso Type 1A). Yakasimba asi yakanyanya kuputsika kupfuura mapaipi esimbi akaumbwa uye inorema kupfuura mapaipi akafanana.
Chinyorwa chino chinokurukura zvishoma chete zvezvingangoitika pakugadzira masisitimu emapombi. Anomiririra mhando zhinji dzemasisitimu akaiswa muzvivakwa zvikuru zvemabhizinesi, asi panogara paine zvinosaririra. Hunhu hwese hwepamusoro chinhu chakakosha pakusarudza rudzi rwemapombi esisitimu yakatarwa uye kuongorora zvinodiwa zvechigadzirwa chega chega. Hunhu hwakajairika hunosangana nezvinodiwa nemapurojekiti mazhinji, asi vagadziri nemainjiniya vanofanira kuzviongorora kana zvasvika pashongwe refu, tembiricha yakakwira, makemikari ane njodzi, kana shanduko mumutemo kana dunhu. Dzidza zvakawanda nezvemazano epombi uye zvirambidzo zvekuita sarudzo dzakangwara nezvezvigadzirwa zvakaiswa mupurojekiti yako. Vatengi vedu vanotivimba senyanzvi dzekugadzira kuti tipe zvivakwa zvavo saizi yakakodzera, yakaringana uye inodhura apo madhizaini anosvika pahupenyu hwaanotarisirwa uye haambofi akakundikana zvakanyanya.
Matt Dolan iinjiniya wepurojekiti kuJBA Consulting Engineers. Ruzivo rwake rwuri mukugadzira masisitimu akaomarara eHVAC nemapombi emhando dzakasiyana dzezvivakwa zvakaita semahofisi ebhizinesi, nzvimbo dzehutano nenzvimbo dzekugamuchira vaenzi, kusanganisira shongwe dzevaenzi dzakareba uye maresitorendi akawanda.
Une ruzivo neruzivo here pamusoro penyaya dziri muchinyorwa ichi? Unofanira kufunga nezvekubatsira timu yedu yekunyora yeCFE Media uye kuwana rukudzo rwaunofanirwa kuwana iwe nekambani yako. Dzvanya apa kuti utange maitiro acho.