2. E hoʻomaopopo i ʻekolu ʻano o nā ʻōnaehana paipu: HVAC (hydraulic), paipu (wai home, sewerage and ventilation) a me nā kemika a me nā ʻōnaehana paipu kūikawā (nā wai kai a me nā kemika weliweli).
Aia nā ʻōnaehana paipu a me nā paipu i nā mea hale he nui.Ua ʻike ka poʻe he nui i ka P-trap a i ʻole ka paipu hoʻoheheʻe ma lalo o ke poʻo e alakaʻi ana a mai kahi ʻōnaehana māhele.He kakaikahi ka poʻe i ʻike i ka paipu ʻenekinia nui i loko o ka mea kanu waena a i ʻole ka ʻōnaehana hoʻomaʻemaʻe kemika i loko o ka lumi lako wai.Pono kēlā me kēia mau noi i kahi ʻano paipu kikoʻī e kū ana i nā kikoʻī, nā kaohi kino, nā code, a me nā hana hoʻolālā maikaʻi loa.
ʻAʻohe ala paipu maʻalahi e kūpono i nā noi āpau.Hoʻokō kēia mau ʻōnaehana i nā koi kino a me nā code inā hoʻokō ʻia nā pae hoʻolālā kikoʻī a nīnau ʻia nā nīnau kūpono i nā mea nona a me nā mea hoʻohana.Eia kekahi, hiki iā lākou ke mālama i nā kumukūʻai kūpono a me nā manawa alakaʻi e hana i kahi ʻōnaehana hale kūleʻa.
Loaʻa i nā ducts HVAC nā wai like ʻole, nā kaomi a me nā mahana.Hiki ke duct ma luna a ma lalo paha o ka honua a holo i loko a i waho paha o ka hale.Pono e noʻonoʻo ʻia kēia mau mea i ka wā e kuhikuhi ana i ka paipu HVAC i ka papahana.ʻO ka huaʻōlelo "hydrodynamic cycle" e pili ana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka wai ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻololi wela no ka hoʻomaha a me ka hoʻomehana.I kēlā me kēia noi, hāʻawi ʻia ka wai ma kahi kahe kahe a me ka mahana.ʻO ka hoʻoili wela maʻamau i loko o ke keʻena e hana ʻia e kahi huila ea-a-wai i hoʻolālā ʻia e hoʻihoʻi i ka wai ma kahi mahana i hoʻonohonoho ʻia.Ke alakaʻi nei kēia i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo e hoʻoneʻe ʻia a hoʻoneʻe ʻia kekahi nui o ka wela mai kahi ākea.ʻO ka holo ʻana o ka wai anuanu a me ka hoʻomehana ʻana ka ʻōnaehana nui i hoʻohana ʻia no ka ea ea i nā ʻoihana kalepa nui.
No ka nui o nā noi hale haʻahaʻa, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka neʻe ʻana o ka ʻōnaehana i manaʻo ʻia ma mua o 150 paona no ka ʻīniha square (psig).ʻO ka ʻōnaehana hydraulic (ka wai anuanu a me ka wai wela) he ʻōnaehana kaapuni paʻa.'O ia ho'i, e no'ono'o ke po'o ikaika a pau o ka pama i nā poho frictional i loko o ka 'ōnaehana paipu, nā wili pili, nā valve a me nā mea pono.ʻAʻole pili ke kiʻekiʻe static o ka ʻōnaehana i ka hana o ka pā, akā pili ia i ke kaomi hana pono o ka ʻōnaehana.Hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā mea ʻoluʻolu, nā paila, nā paila, nā paipu a me nā mea pono no ka 150 psi kaomi hana, ka mea maʻamau no nā mea hana a me nā mea hana.Ma kahi e hiki ai, pono e mālama ʻia kēia helu kaomi ma ka hoʻolālā ʻōnaehana.He nui nā hale i manaʻo ʻia he haʻahaʻa a i ʻole ka waena waena e hāʻule i loko o ka 150 psi ʻano kaomi hana.
Ma ka hoʻolālā hale kiʻekiʻe, ua lilo i mea paʻakikī loa ka mālama ʻana i nā ʻōnaehana paipu a me nā mea hana ma lalo o ke kūlana 150 psi.ʻO ke poʻo laina static ma luna o kahi 350 kapuaʻi (me ka hoʻohui ʻole ʻana i ke kaomi ʻana i ka ʻōnaehana) e ʻoi aku ma mua o ka helu kaomi hana maʻamau o kēia mau ʻōnaehana (1 psi = 2.31 kapuaʻi poʻo).E hoʻohana paha ka ʻōnaehana i ka mea haʻihaʻi kaomi (ma ke ʻano o ka mea hoʻololi wela) e hoʻokaʻawale i nā koi koi kiʻekiʻe o ke kolamu mai ke koena o nā paipu a me nā mea hana.ʻO kēia hoʻolālā ʻōnaehana e ʻae i ka hoʻolālā ʻana a me ka hoʻokomo ʻana i nā mea hoʻoluʻu maʻamau maʻamau e like me ka wehewehe ʻana i nā paipu piʻi kiʻekiʻe a me nā mea pono i loko o ka hale hoʻomaha.
I ka wehewehe ʻana i ka paipu no kahi papahana pā kula nui, pono e ʻike pono ka mea hoʻolālā/enekinia i ka hale kiaʻi a me ka paipa i kuhikuhi ʻia no ka podium, e noʻonoʻo ana i kā lākou mau koi ponoʻī (a i ʻole nā ​​​​koi hui inā ʻaʻole hoʻohana ʻia nā mea hoʻololi wela e hoʻokaʻawale i ka wahi kaomi).
ʻO kekahi mea ʻē aʻe o kahi ʻōnaehana pani ʻia ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe wai a me ka wehe ʻana i kekahi oxygen mai ka wai.ʻO ka hapa nui o nā ʻōnaehana hydraulic ua hoʻolako ʻia me kahi ʻōnaehana mālama wai i loaʻa i nā kinikona like ʻole a me nā mea paʻa e mālama i ka wai e kahe ana ma nā paipu ma kahi pH maikaʻi loa (ma kahi o 9.0) a me nā pae microbial e hakakā ai i nā biofilm paipu a me ka corrosion.ʻO ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka wai i loko o ka ʻōnaehana a me ka wehe ʻana i ka ea e kōkua i ka hoʻolōʻihi ʻana i ke ola o ka paipu, nā pamu e pili ana, nā wili a me nā kiwi.Hiki i nā ea i paʻa i loko o nā paipu ke hoʻoulu i ka cavitation i loko o nā paila wai hoʻomaha a hoʻemi i ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka wela i loko o ka mea hoʻoluʻu, boiler a i ʻole circulation coils.
Ke keleawe: ʻAno L, B, K, M a i ʻole C i huki ʻia a paʻa i nā paipu i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e like me ka ASTM B88 a me B88M i hui pū ʻia me ASME B16.22 mau mea keleawe hana a me nā mea hoʻohui me ka solder a i ʻole solder no nā noi ma lalo o ka honua.
ʻO ka paipu paʻa paʻa, ʻano L, B, K (hoʻohana mau ʻia ma lalo o ka ʻili honua wale nō) a i ʻole A no ka ASTM B88 a me B88M, me ka ASME B16.22 mau mea keleawe hana a me nā mea i hoʻopili ʻia me ke kepau ʻole a i ʻole ma luna o ka lepo.Hiki i kēia paipu ke hoʻohana i nā mea i hoʻopaʻa ʻia.
'O ke 'ano paipu keleawe 'ano K 'o ia ka paipu mānoanoa loa i loa'a, e hā'awi ana i ke kaomi hana o 1534 psi.iniha ma 100 F no ½ iniha.He haʻahaʻa ko L a me M nā puʻe hana ma mua o K akā ua kūpono nō naʻe no nā noi HVAC (nā pae kaomi mai 1242 psi ma 100F a 12 in. a me 435 psi a me 395 psi Ua lawe ʻia kēia mau waiwai mai nā Papa 3a, 3b a me 3c o ka Copper Tubing Guides i paʻi ʻia e ka Copper Development As.
ʻO kēia mau kaomi hana no nā holo paipu pololei, ʻaʻole ia he mau kaomi palena palena o ka ʻōnaehana.ʻOi aku ka nui o ka hū ʻana a i ʻole ka hāʻule ʻana o nā mea hoʻopili a me nā pilina e hoʻopili ana i ʻelua mau lōʻihi o ka paipu ma lalo o ke kaomi hana o kekahi mau ʻōnaehana.ʻO nā ʻano pili maʻamau no nā paipu keleawe he wili, kūʻai ʻana a i ʻole ka hoʻopaʻa ʻia ʻana.Pono e hana ʻia kēia mau ʻano pili mai nā mea kepau ʻole a helu ʻia no ke kaomi i manaʻo ʻia i loko o ka ʻōnaehana.
Hiki i kēlā me kēia ʻano pili ke mālama i kahi ʻōnaehana leak-free ke hoʻopaʻa pono ʻia ka mea hoʻopili, akā ʻokoʻa ka pane ʻana o kēia mau ʻōnaehana i ka wā ʻaʻole i hoʻopaʻa ʻia a hoʻopaʻa ʻia paha.ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hāʻule a kahe ʻana o nā hui solder a me nā solder i ka wā e hoʻopiha mua ʻia ai ka ʻōnaehana a hoʻāʻo ʻia a ʻaʻole i noho ʻia ka hale.I kēia hihia, hiki i nā mea ʻaelike a me nā mea nānā ke hoʻoholo koke i kahi e kahe ai ka hui a hoʻoponopono i ka pilikia ma mua o ka holo ʻana o ka ʻōnaehana a me ka pohō o nā mea kaʻa a me nā ʻoki o loko.Hiki ke hana hou ʻia kēia me nā mea pono leak-tight inā i kuhikuhi ʻia kahi apo ʻike leak a hui paha.Inā ʻaʻole ʻoe e kaomi i lalo e ʻike i ka wahi pilikia, hiki ke kahe ka wai mai loko mai o ka pono e like me ka solder a i ʻole solder.Inā ʻaʻole i hōʻike ʻia nā mea leak-tight i ka hoʻolālā ʻana, i kekahi manawa e noho lākou ma lalo o ke kaomi i ka wā o ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ke kūkulu ʻana a hiki ke hāʻule wale ma hope o kahi manawa o ka hana ʻana, e hopena i ka pōʻino i ka wahi i noho ʻia a hiki ke hōʻeha i ka poʻe e noho ana, ʻoiai inā hele nā ​​paipu wela wela ma nā paipu.wai.
Hoʻokumu ʻia nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo nui o ka paipu keleawe i nā koi o nā lula, nā ʻōlelo a ka mea hana a me nā hana maikaʻi loa.No nā wai hoʻoheheʻe ʻia (ʻo 42 a 45 F), ka palena wikiwiki i ʻōlelo ʻia no nā ʻōnaehana paipu keleawe he 8 kapuaʻi i kēlā me kēia kekona e hōʻemi i ka walaʻau ʻana o ka ʻōnaehana a e hōʻemi i ka hiki ke ʻā.No nā ʻōnaehana wai wela (maʻa mau 140 a 180 F no ka hoʻomehana ākea a hiki i 205 F no ka hana ʻana i ka wai wela o ka home ma nā ʻōnaehana hybrid), ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka palena palena no nā paipu keleawe.Ke papa inoa nei ka Copper Tubing Manual i kēia mau wikiwiki e like me 2 a 3 kapuaʻi i kekona ke piʻi ka mahana o ka wai ma luna o 140 F.
Hiki mai nā paipu keleawe i kekahi nui, a hiki i 12 iniha.Hoʻopili kēia i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke keleawe i nā pono hana nui o ka pā kula, no ka mea, makemake pinepine kēia mau hoʻolālā hale i ka ducting ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o 12 iniha.Mai ka mea kanu waena i nā mea hoʻololi wela e pili ana.ʻOi aku ka maʻamau o nā paipu keleawe i nā ʻōnaehana hydraulic 3 iniha a i ʻole ke anawaena.No ka nui ma luna o 3 iniha, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā paipu kila slotted.ʻO kēia ma muli o ka ʻokoʻa o ke kumukūʻai ma waena o ke kila a me ke keleawe, ka ʻokoʻa o ka hana no ka paipu corrugated me ka paipu welded a brazed (ʻaʻole ʻae ʻia a ʻōlelo ʻia nā mea paʻi e ka mea nona a i ʻole ʻenekinia), a me ka wikiwiki o ka wai a me nā mahana i loko o kēlā me kēia pipeline.
Ke kila: ʻEleʻele a i ʻole galvanized paipu kila no kēlā me kēia ASTM A 53/A 53M me ka hao ductile (ASME B16.3) a i ʻole ka hao i hana ʻia (ASTM A 234/A 234M) a me ka hao ductile (ASME B16.39).Loaʻa nā Flanges, nā mea hoʻopili a me ka papa 150 a me 300 mau pilina me nā mea i hoʻopaʻa ʻia a i ʻole nā ​​​​flanged.Hiki ke wili ʻia ka paipu me ka metala hoʻopiha e like me AWS D10.12/D10.12M.
Kūlike me ka ASTM A 536 Papa 65-45-12 Ductile Iron, ASTM A 47/A 47M Class 32510 Ductile Iron a me ASTM A 53/A 53M Class F, E, a i ʻole S Grade B Assembly Steel, a i ʻole ASTM A106 , ke kila B. Hoʻopili ʻia a hoʻopaʻa ʻia i nā ʻāpana hoʻopili.
E like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā paipu kila no nā paipu nui i nā ʻōnaehana hydraulic.Hāʻawi kēia ʻano ʻōnaehana i nā koi like ʻole, ka mahana a me ka nui e hoʻokō i nā pono o nā ʻōnaehana wai anuanu a wela.ʻO nā koho papa no nā lehelehe, nā mea pono, a me nā mea hoʻopili e pili ana i ke kaomi hana o ka mahu momona ma psi.iniha o ka mea pili.Hoʻolālā ʻia nā papa hana 150 e hana ma ke kaomi hana o 150 psi.ʻīniha ma 366 F, ʻoiai ʻo ka papa 300 pono e hāʻawi i kahi kaomi hana o 300 psi.ma 550 F. Hāʻawi ka papa 150 mea hoʻopili ma luna o 300 psi ka wai hana.'īniha ma 150 F, a me ka papa 300 mea hoʻopili e hāʻawi i ka 2,000 psi kaomi wai hana.'īniha ma 150 F. Loaʻa nā mana o nā pono no nā ʻano paipu kikoʻī.No ka laʻana, no nā flanges paipu hao a me nā ʻāpana flanged ASME 16.1, hiki ke hoʻohana i nā māka 125 a i ʻole 250.
Hoʻohana ka paipu a me nā ʻōnaehana pili i nā ʻoki a i hana ʻia ma nā wēlau o nā paipu, nā mea pono, nā kiwi, etc.Loaʻa kēia mau hui ʻelua a ʻoi aku paha nā ʻāpana i hoʻopaʻa ʻia a loaʻa kahi mea holoi ma ka lua hui.Loaʻa kēia mau ʻōnaehana ma nā ʻano flange papa 150 a me 300 a me nā lako gasket EPDM a hiki ke hana i nā mahana wai mai 230 a 250 F (e pili ana i ka nui o ka paipu).Lawe ʻia ka ʻike paipu grooved mai nā puke Victaulic a me nā palapala.
'Apono 'ia nā paipu kila 40 a me 80 no nā pūnaewele HVAC.ʻO ke kiko o ka paipu e pili ana i ka mānoanoa o ka pā o ka paipu, e hoʻonui me ka helu kikoʻī.Me ka piʻi ʻana o ka mānoanoa o ka pā o ka paipu, e hoʻonui pū ʻia ke kaomi hana ʻae ʻia o ka paipu pololei.ʻO ka papahana 40 paipu e hiki ai ke kaomi hana o 1694 psi no ½ iniha.Pipe, 696 psi iniha no 12 iniha (-20 a 650 F).ʻO ke kaomi hana ʻae ʻia no ka Hōʻike 80 paipu he 3036 psi.iniha (½ iniha) a me 1305 psi.iniha (12 iniha) (ʻelua -20 a 650 F).Lawe ʻia kēia mau waiwai mai ka ʻikepili Watson McDaniel Engineering Data.
Plastics: CPVC plastic pipes, socket fittings to Specification 40 and Specification 80 to ASTM F 441/F 441M (ASTM F 438 to Specification 40 and ASTM F 439 to Specification 80) and solvent adhesives (ASTM F493).
ʻO ka paipu plastik PVC, nā kumu kumu no ka ASTM D 1785 ka papa kuhikuhi 40 a me ka papa kuhikuhi 80 (ASM D 2466 ka papa kuhikuhi 40 a me ka ASTM D 2467 ka papa 80) a me nā mea hoʻopili solvent (ASTM D 2564).Hoʻokomo pū ʻia ka primer no ka ASTM F 656.
Ua kūpono nā paipu CPVC a me PVC no nā ʻōnaehana hydraulic ma lalo o ka pae honua, ʻoiai ma lalo o kēia mau kūlana pono e mālama i ka wā e hoʻokomo ai i kēia mau paipu i kahi papahana.Hoʻohana nui ʻia nā paipu palaki i loko o nā ʻōnaehana sewer a me ventilation duct, ʻoi aku hoʻi ma nā wahi o lalo o ka honua kahi e pili pono ai nā paipu ʻole me ka lepo a puni.I ka manawa like, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka pale ʻana o nā paipu CPVC a me PVC ma muli o ka corrosivity o kekahi mau lepo.Hoʻopili pinepine ʻia ka paipu hydraulic a uhi ʻia me kahi puʻupuʻu PVC pale e hāʻawi i kahi pale ma waena o ka paipu metala a me ka lepo a puni.Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā paipu plastik i nā ʻōnaehana wai liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi kahi e manaʻo ʻia ai nā kaomi haʻahaʻa.ʻOi aku ka nui o ke kaomi hana no ka paipu PVC ma mua o 150 psi no nā nui paipu a pau a hiki i 8 iniha, akā pili wale kēia i nā mahana o 73 F a i lalo.ʻO kēlā me kēia mahana ma luna o 73°F e hoʻemi i ke kaomi hana ma ka ʻōnaehana paipu i 140°F.ʻO 0.22 ka helu hoʻohaʻahaʻa ma kēia mahana a me 1.0 ma 73 F. ʻO ka mahana hana kiʻekiʻe o 140 F no ka Hōʻike 40 a me ka Hōʻike 80 PVC paipu.Hiki i ka paipu CPVC ke kū i ka laulā wela o ka hana, kūpono ia no ka hoʻohana ʻana a hiki i 200 F (me ka derating factor o 0.2), akā loaʻa ka helu puʻe like me PVC, e ʻae iā ia e hoʻohana ʻia i nā noi ma lalo o ka pahu hau.ʻōnaehana wai a hiki i 8 iniha.No nā ʻōnaehana wai wela e mālama i nā mahana wai kiʻekiʻe a hiki i 180 a i ʻole 205 F, ʻaʻole ʻōlelo ʻia nā paipu PVC a i ʻole CPVC.Lawe ʻia nā ʻikepili āpau mai nā kikoʻī paipu Harvel PVC a me nā kikoʻī paipu CPVC.
Paipu He nui nā wai, paʻa, a me nā kinoea like ʻole.Ke kahe nei ka wai inu a me ka wai ʻole i loko o kēia mau ʻōnaehana.Ma muli o ka nui o nā wai i lawe ʻia i loko o kahi ʻōnaehana paipu, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā paipu i nīnau ʻia ma ke ʻano he paipu wai home a i ʻole ka hoʻoheheʻe a me nā paipu ea.
ʻO ka wai o ka hale: Paipu keleawe palupalu, ASTM B88 ʻano K a me L, ASTM B88M ʻano A a me B, me nā mea paʻi keleawe i hana ʻia (ASME B16.22).
Paʻa keleawe paʻa, ASTM B88 ʻano L a me M, ASTM B88M ʻano B a me C, me nā mea hoʻoheheʻe Copper Weld (ASME B16.18), Wrought Copper Weld Fittings (ASME B16.22), Bronze Flanges (ASME B16.24) ) a me nā mea keleawe (MCS SP-123).Hiki i ka paipu ke hoʻohana i nā mea i hoʻopaʻa ʻia.
Lawe ʻia nā ʻano paipu keleawe a me nā kūlana pili mai ka Pauku 22 11 16 o ka MasterSpec.ʻO ka hoʻolālā ʻana o ka paipu keleawe no ka hoʻolako ʻana i ka wai home e kaupalena ʻia e nā koi o nā kahe kahe kiʻekiʻe.Hōʻike ʻia lākou i loko o ka pipeline kikoʻī penei:
ʻO ka pauku 610.12.1 o ka 2012 Uniform Plumbing Code i ʻōlelo ʻia: ʻAʻole pono e ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki o ka wikiwiki o ka paipa keleawe a me ke keleawe a me nā ʻōnaehana kūpono ma mua o 8 kapuaʻi kekona i ka wai anuanu a me 5 kapuaʻi i kekona i ka wai wela.Hoʻopili hou ʻia kēia mau waiwai i ka Copper Tubing Handbook, e hoʻohana ana i kēia mau waiwai e like me ka wikiwiki i ʻōlelo ʻia no kēia mau ʻōnaehana.
ʻAno 316 paipu kila kila e like me ASTM A403 a me nā mea like me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā hui welded a i ʻole nā ​​knurled no nā paipu wai hale nui a me ka hoʻololi pololei ʻana i nā paipu keleawe.Me ka piʻi ʻana o ke kumu kūʻai keleawe, ʻoi aku ka maʻamau o nā paipu kila kila ma nā ʻōnaehana wai home.ʻO nā ʻano paipu a me nā maʻamau e pili ana mai ka Veterans Administration (VA) MasterSpec Section 22 11 00.
ʻO kahi hana hou e hoʻokō ʻia a hoʻokō ʻia ma 2014 ʻo ia ka Federal Drinking Water Leadership Act.He hoʻokō federal kēia i nā kānāwai o kēia manawa ma Kaleponi a me Vermont e pili ana i ka ʻike alakaʻi i nā ala wai o nā paipu, nā pahu, a i ʻole nā ​​mea pono i hoʻohana ʻia i nā ʻōnaehana wai kūloko.Ua ʻōlelo ke kānāwai, ʻo nā ʻili o nā paipu, nā mea pono a me nā mea hoʻopili pono ʻole "lead-free", ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ka nui o ke alakaʻi ma mua o ka awelika kaumaha o 0.25% (lead)".Pono kēia i nā mea hana e hana i nā huahana hoʻolei kepau ʻole e hoʻokō i nā koi kānāwai hou.Hāʻawi ʻia nā kikoʻī e UL i nā alakaʻi no ke alakaʻi i nā mea inu wai.
Ka hoʻokahe ʻana a me ka ea: ʻO nā paipu hoʻoheheʻe hao lima ʻole a me nā mea pono e like me ASTM A 888 a i ʻole ka Cast Iron Sewer Piping Institute (CISPI) 301. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā mea hoʻoheheʻe sovent e like me ASME B16.45 a i ʻole ASSE 1043 me kahi ʻōnaehana pau ʻole.
Pono e hoʻokō nā paipu hoʻoheheʻe hao a me nā mea hoʻopili flanged me ASTM A 74, nā ʻili pahu (ASTM C 564) a me ke alakaʻi maʻemaʻe a me ka ʻoka a i ʻole hemp fiber sealant (ASTM B29).
Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻano ducting ʻelua i nā hale, akā hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka ducting ducting a me nā mea pono ma luna o ka ʻili honua i nā hale kalepa.ʻO nā paipu hao me ka CISPI Plugless Fittings e hiki ai ke hoʻokomo mau, hiki ke hoʻonohonoho hou ʻia a hiki ke kiʻi ʻia ma o ka wehe ʻana i nā pipili band, ʻoiai e mālama ana i ka maikaʻi o kahi paipu metala, e hōʻemi ana i ka walaʻau ʻana i ke kahawai ʻōpala ma o ka paipu.ʻO ka ʻaoʻao haʻahaʻa o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka paipu hao, ʻo ia ka hoʻopōʻino ʻana o ka paipu ma muli o ka ʻōpala acidic i loaʻa i loko o nā hale ʻauʻau maʻamau.
Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā paipu kila kila ASME A112.3.1 me nā wēlau a me nā wela wela no nā ʻōnaehana wai kiʻekiʻe ma kahi o nā paipu hao.Hoʻohana pū ʻia ka paipu kila kila no ka ʻāpana mua o ka paipu, kahi e hoʻopili ai i kahi poho papahele kahi e kahe ai ka huahana carbonated e hōʻemi i ka pōʻino ʻino.
ʻO ka paipu PVC paʻa e like me ASTM D 2665 (drainage, diversion and vents) a me ka PVC honeycomb pipe e like me ka ASTM F 891 (Annex 40), nā pilina flare (ASTM D 2665 a i ka ASTM D 3311, drain, waste and vents) kūpono no ka Schedule 40 pipe), adhesive adhesive 40 pipe (ASTM 6 adhesive adhesive) a me F AST 6 (ASTM 6 adhesive primer (ASTM D 2665 a me ASTM D 3311).Hiki ke loaʻa nā paipu PVC ma luna a ma lalo o ka ʻilikai ma nā hale kūʻai, ʻoiai ua helu pinepine ʻia lākou ma lalo o ka pae honua ma muli o ka haki ʻana o ka paipu a me nā koi kānāwai kūikawā.
Ma ka mana kūkulu o Nevada Hema, ua ʻōlelo ka 2009 International Building Code (IBC) Amendment:
603.1.2.1 Lako.Ua ʻae ʻia nā pipeline hiki ke hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ka lumi mīkini, i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e kahi hale pale ahi ʻelua hola a pale ʻia e nā sprinklers maʻalahi.Hiki ke holo ʻia ka paipu puhi mai ke keʻena lako a hiki i nā keʻena ʻē aʻe, inā ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka paipu i loko o kahi hui kūʻokoʻa ʻelua hola i ʻae ʻia.Ke hele ka paipu ahi i nā paia ahi a/a i ʻole nā ​​papahele/nā kaupaku, pono e kuhikuhi ʻia ke komo ʻana no ka mea paipu kikoʻī me nā māka F a me T ʻaʻole i emi iho ma mua o ke kūpaʻa ahi i koi ʻia no ke komo ʻana.ʻAʻole pono e komo i nā paipu ahi ma mua o hoʻokahi papa.
Pono kēia i nā paipu puhi ahi (plastic a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea ʻē aʻe) i loaʻa i loko o kahi hale papa 1A e like me ka wehewehe ʻana e ka IBC e uhi ʻia i loko o kahi hale 2 hola.ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā paipu PVC i nā ʻōnaehana wai he nui nā pono.Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia i nā paipu hao, ʻoi aku ka kūpaʻa o PVC i ka corrosion a me ka oxidation i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka ʻōpala a me ka honua.Ke waiho ʻia ma lalo o ka lepo, kūpaʻa nā paipu PVC i ka ʻino o ka lepo a puni (e like me ka hōʻike ʻana ma ka ʻāpana paipu HVAC).ʻO ka paipu PVC i hoʻohana ʻia i loko o kahi ʻōnaehana hoʻoheheʻe e pili ana i nā palena like me kahi ʻōnaehana hydraulic HVAC, me ka mahana hana kiʻekiʻe o 140 F. Ua kauoha hou ʻia kēia mahana e nā koi o ka Uniform Piping Code a me ka International Piping Code, e kuhikuhi ana i kēlā me kēia hoʻokuʻu ʻana i nā mea hoʻokipa ʻōpala e pono ma lalo o 140 F.
ʻO ka pauku 810.1 o ka 2012 Uniform Plumbing Code ʻaʻole pono e hoʻopili pololei ʻia nā paipu mahu i kahi paipu a i ʻole ʻōnaehana hoʻoheheʻe, a ʻaʻole pono e hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka wai ma luna o 140 F (60 C) i loko o kahi wai kaomi.
ʻO ka pauku 803.1 o ka International Plumbing Code o ka makahiki 2012, ʻaʻole pono e hoʻopili ʻia nā paipu mahu i kahi ʻōnaehana hoʻoheheʻe a i ʻole kekahi ʻāpana o ka ʻōnaehana paipu, a ʻaʻole pono e hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka wai ma luna o 140 F (60 C) i kekahi ʻāpana o ka ʻōnaehana wai.
Hoʻopili ʻia nā ʻōnaehana paipu kūikawā me ka lawe ʻana i nā wai maʻamau ʻole.Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kēia mau wai mai ka paipu no nā aquarium moana a hiki i ka paipu no ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā kemika i nā ʻōnaehana lako wai.ʻAʻole maʻamau nā ʻōnaehana paipu Aquarium i nā hale kūʻai, akā ua hoʻokomo ʻia lākou i loko o kekahi mau hōkele me nā ʻōnaehana paipu mamao i hoʻopili ʻia i nā wahi like ʻole mai kahi lumi pauma waena.Me he mea lā he ʻano paipu kūpono no nā ʻōnaehana wai kai ma muli o kona hiki ke keʻakeʻa i ka ʻinoʻino me nā ʻōnaehana wai ʻē aʻe, akā hiki i ka wai paʻakai ke ʻino a hoʻopau i nā paipu kila kila.No ia mau noi, hoʻokō nā paipu kai ʻilikai a keleawe-nickel CPVC i nā koi corrosion;i ka wā e waiho ai i kēia mau paipu i loko o kahi hale kūʻai nui, pono e noʻonoʻo ʻia ka flammability o nā paipu.E like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma luna nei, pono ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka paipu puhi ahi ma Southern Nevada i kahi ala ʻē aʻe e noi ʻia e hōʻike i ka manaʻo e hoʻokō me ke code ʻano hale kūpono.
ʻO ka paipu wai i hoʻolako ʻia i ka wai maʻemaʻe no ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i ke kino, aia ka nui o nā kemika (12.5% ​​​​sodium hypochlorite bleach a me ka waikawa hydrochloric hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia) e mālama i kahi pH kikoʻī a me ke koena kemika e like me ke koi ʻana e ke keʻena olakino.Ma waho aʻe o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka paipu kemika, pono e lawe ʻia ka bleach chlorine piha a me nā kemika ʻē aʻe mai nā wahi waihona waiwai nui a me nā lumi lako kūikawā.Hiki ke ho'ohana 'ia nā paipu ferrosilicon ki'eki'e i mea 'oko'a i nā paipu kemika i ka wā e hele ai i nā 'ano hale hiki 'ole ke puhi (e la'a me Type 1A).He ikaika akā ʻoi aku ka palupalu ma mua o ka paipu hao maʻamau a ʻoi aku ke kaumaha ma mua o nā paipu like.
Kūkākūkā kēia ʻatikala i kekahi o nā mea hiki ke hoʻolālā i nā ʻōnaehana paipu.Hōʻike lākou i ka hapa nui o nā ʻōnaehana i hoʻokomo ʻia i nā hale kūʻai nui, akā mau nō nā ʻokoʻa i ka lula.ʻO ka kikoʻī kumu holoʻokoʻa he kumu waiwai nui i ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ke ʻano paipu no kahi ʻōnaehana i hāʻawi ʻia a me ka loiloi ʻana i nā pae kūpono no kēlā me kēia huahana.E hoʻokō nā kikoʻī maʻamau i nā koi o nā papahana he nui, akā pono nā mea hoʻolālā a me nā ʻenekinia e nānā iā lākou i ka wā e pili ana i nā hale kiaʻi kiʻekiʻe, nā wela kiʻekiʻe, nā kemika weliweli, a i ʻole nā ​​loli i ke kānāwai a i ʻole ka mana.E aʻo hou e pili ana i nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo paipu a me nā kapu e hana i nā hoʻoholo ʻike e pili ana i nā huahana i hoʻokomo ʻia i kāu papahana.Ke hilinaʻi nei kā mākou poʻe kūʻai iā mākou ma ke ʻano he poʻe loea hoʻolālā e hāʻawi i ko lākou mau hale me ka nui kūpono, kaulike maikaʻi a kūpono hoʻi nā hoʻolālā kahi e hiki ai nā ducts i ko lākou ola i manaʻo ʻia a ʻaʻole loa e ʻike i nā hemahema pōʻino.
ʻO Matt Dolan he mea ʻenekinia papahana ma JBA Consulting Engineers.Aia kona ʻike i ka hoʻolālā ʻana o ka HVAC paʻakikī a me nā ʻōnaehana plumbing no nā ʻano hale like ʻole e like me nā keʻena ʻoihana, nā hale mālama olakino a me nā hale hoʻokipa, me nā hale kiaʻi kiʻekiʻe a me nā hale ʻaina he nui.
Loaʻa iā ʻoe ka ʻike a me ka ʻike o nā kumuhana i uhi ʻia ma kēia ʻike?Pono ʻoe e noʻonoʻo e hāʻawi i kā mākou hui hoʻoponopono CFE Media a loaʻa ka ʻike e pono ai ʻoe a me kāu hui.Kaomi maanei e hoʻomaka i ke kaʻina hana.