Izakhiwo zezentengiselwano zivame ukuza ngezinhlobo ezimbili: unxande kanye nokuthakazelisayo. Ngaphandle kokuthi izakhiwo ezinxande zakhiwe zinde futhi zinikeza imibono emihle, azinikezi okuningi ngaphandle komsebenzi osebenzayo kanye nokusebenza kahle okungenakuqhathaniswa.
Nokho, abakhi abaningi baphonsela inselelo ubuqambi, bephupha ngemibono yokwakha ekhangayo emehlweni futhi ngezinye izikhathi ehlaba umxhwele. Akusikho ukweqisa ukusho ukuthi, kwezinye izimo, umbono ovela esakhiweni uyamangalisa njengombono ovela esakhiweni.
I-Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum (eNew York), eyaklanywa nguFrank Lloyd Wright, isekelwe ochungechungeni lwezinto eziyindilinga, kuyilapho i-Zurich Insurance Group North American Headquarters Building (eSchaumburg, e-Illinois), eyaklanywa yi-Goettsch Partners, isebenzisa izinto eziyisikwele ngokuyinhloko ukuze zinike abantu umuzwa wenduduzo. Indlela engalibaleki yokuhlanganisa. Abakhi bezakhiwo abanjengoFrank Gehry baphume bonke, begwema ukucabanga okuvamile futhi bedala ukubukeka ngaphandle kwamaphethini asobala noma ukubikezela, njenge-Walt Disney Concert Hall (eLos Angeles) noma i-Guggenheim Bilbao (eBil, eSpain).
Kwenzekani lapho abaklami bephonsela inselelo ukuma kwezingxenye nezinto ezisetshenziswa ukungena kulezi zakhiwo, beguqula izimo ezivamile zibe ezingavamile? Izibambo, izimbobo zomoya, nezibambo zomnyango yizinto zansuku zonke ezithuthukisa ulwazi lwethu lwesakhiwo noma isimo ngezinga elithile, noma ngabe singase singakuqapheli. Yilokho isifiso se-Timeless Tube ese-Poole, e-England, inkampani yokukhiqiza eyashintsha umhlaba wamapayipi ngezinga elincane layo ngasekupheleni kwawo-1980 lapho idala ipayipi lokuqala lensimbi engagqwali emhlabeni. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, i-Timeless iqhubekile nokukhiqiza imikhiqizo yamapayipi asezingeni eliphezulu yezinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukahlukene, ihlala iqaphela isiqubulo eyazakhela sona: “Umklamo Omuhle Wepayipi Lensimbi”.
Umbono wenkampani ukwenza umhlaba ube indawo engcono. Ukuze yenze lokhu, isebenzisa amashubhu ensimbi akhiwe ukuguqula izakhiwo ezijwayelekile ezisebenzayo zibe izingxenye ezikhangayo eziholwa umklamo.
“Sithole ugqozi kumklami omkhulu wezimboni waseMelika uCharles Eames, owathi ngokudumile: ‘Imininingwane akuyona imininingwane. Iyaklama,’” kusho uTom McMillan, umphathi jikelele kanye nonjiniyela oyinhloko.
“Lo moya usebenza kuyo yonke imisebenzi yethu,” eqhubeka. “Sifuna ukufaka isandla ekwakhiweni okuhle ngamapayipi ethu, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kungokwakha, ifenisha noma into ethile eyenziwe ngomshini ngokuphelele.”
I-Timeless Tube ineminyaka engaphezu kwemithathu yesipiliyoni ekwakheni imiklamo ye-handrail engavamile. Umkhiqizo wayo wokuqala, amashubhu e-oval kanye ne-joinery eyingqayizivele kwasetshenziswa njenge-handrail yezikebhe. Yenziwe ngensimbi engagqwali engu-316L ecwebezelisiwe kakhulu ukuze imelane nezimo ezinzima zasolwandle, lo mkhiqizo oyingqayizivele wamukelwa ngokushesha ngabaklami bezakhiwo zasolwandle emhlabeni jikelele. Isimo se-oval esihle asigcini nje ngokujabulisa ubuhle kuneshubhu eliyindilinga, kodwa futhi sinenzuzo yokuphepha yokuthi asithambekeli kakhulu ekusheleleni lapho sibanjwa amalungu eqembu kanye nabagibeli.
“Izikebhe zikanokusho zimayelana nokunaka imininingwane,” kusho uMcMillan. “Izindinganiso zokuklama zigxile ekhwalithini engenaphutha kanye nokulula kokusetshenziswa. Amapayipi ethu asetshenziswa abakhi bezikebhe abadumile emhlabeni. Abaklami bemikhumbi baqonda kakhulu - abayekethisi emininingwaneni. Amapayipi ethu angama-oval ahlala isikhathi eside, futhi ngesizathu esihle.”
Noma kunjalo, i-Timeless ifuna ukudala izimo ezintsha, inqobo nje uma zinikeza izinzuzo ngaphezu kwamashubhu ayindilinga futhi zinikeza izinzuzo ezicacile kumsebenzisi wokugcina. Le nkampani isanda kudala isimo esisha seshubhu sezinsimbi zokubopha ezikebheni zikanokusho: amashubhu erediyasi yesikwele. Lesi simo esiqinile nesicwengekile siqinile kodwa sinezimbobo ezincane ngakho asinamathele kakhulu. Isandla silingana kahle futhi sivikelekile nxazonke kwesimo, kanti imiphetho igobile kancane.
Akudingeki ukuthi ithubhu ibe yinde kakhulu ukuze iveze umbono. Le ndawo yokubeka ingalo emfushane esikebheni esincane inikeza ukuthinta okuhle.
Onjiniyela abangaphelelwa yisikhathi manje sebethuthukise amaphrofayili ayisithupha ahlukile eshubhu, kufaka phakathi amashubhu amabili asontekile. Iningi lemikhiqizo yenkampani yenziwe ngensimbi engagqwali engu-304L kanye ne-316L, kodwa onjiniyela basebenzisa ne-aluminium, titanium, kanye ne-alloys yethusi. Ingxubevange kuphela abangayisebenzisanga yinsimbi ethambile njengoba ingamelani nokugqwala futhi ngaleyo ndlela ingcolisa insimbi engagqwali.
“Ngaphezu kwalokho, iningi lezinhlelo zokusebenza esizinikezayo zisezingeni eliphezulu, kungaba ezokuhlobisa, ezesakhiwo noma ezomshini,” kusho uMcMillan. “Insimbi encane ingase ishibhile, kodwa inemikhawulo yayo ezinhlelweni zokusebenza esisebenza kuzo.”
Kodwa-ke, lokho akusho ukuthi i-Timeless ikhawulela umsebenzi wayo kulezi zimo eziyisithupha eziyinhloko. Iphrojekthi yakamuva ehilela inkundla inikeze onjiniyela benkampani ithuba lokubonisa ubuhlakani kanye nokusungula izinto ezintsha.
Ngo-2019, i-Timeless yahlinzeka ngezinsika zokuphatha ezifakwe iphrofayili zendlela engenhla kwenkundla yezemidlalo yebhola lezinyawo edumile ye-English Premier League. Indlela yokuhamba inikeza imibono ebanzi yeNyakatho yeLondon kusukela ekuphakameni kwamamitha angu-130, lapho umphakathi ungahamba khona ezinkundleni eziveziwe ngenkathi ubopha izintambo zokuphepha, ngezinsika eziqinile zokuphepha okwengeziwe.
Kodwa ukuthola lesi sandla sensimbi engagqwali kwaba nzima kubakhi bezakhiwo ngenxa yendlela yaso engavamile yokuklama: kwakufanele sibe sikhulu ngokwanele ukuze silingane phezu kwengxenye yebhokisi lensimbi ebopha izinhlangothi zenethi yensimbi engagqwali endleleni yokuhamba yengilazi. Babedinga ithubhu engeyona ejwayelekile eyayibukeka kahle, inesimo esiqondile kunokuba ibe yi-angular, futhi yakhiwe ngendlela yokuba nesikhala esisikiwe nge-laser esisekelweni sayo.
Abakhi bokwakha bagcina bethole i-Timeless Tube, eyanikeza ikhambi lepayipi eliyisicaba eliyindilinga elinemigqa ehlanzekile, eyindilinga. Liyisimo sepayipi esenziwa onjiniyela abambalwa, kodwa linezinzuzo ezithile ezihlukile kunemapayipi ayindilinga. “Liyisimo sethu sepayipi esiqine kakhulu,” kusho uMcMillan. “Liwusizo ngempela uma kudingeka ukukhiqizwa okwengeziwe, ngoba kulula ukulihlanganisa nezinye izingxenye, njengezipini kanye nengilazi noma izingxenye zezimoto, ngenxa yezinhlangothi zalo eziyisicaba,” kusho yena.
Ukuze kuhlanganiswe izingxenye zensimbi, abakhi bezakhiwo babedinga ukuthi usayizi waleli payipi ube mkhulu kakhulu kunalokho okutholakalayo njengamanje. I-Timeless iyinkampani encane futhi ehlakaniphile engadingi ukubhekana nomthwalo wemisebenzi emikhulu kanye nokukhiqizwa okuphezulu, ngakho-ke ingatshala isikhathi nomzamo wokudala ama-prototypes kanye nosayizi owenziwe ngokwezifiso kumakhasimende ayo.
Lapho kwakhiwa ubukhulu obusha, i-Timeless ayikwazi njalo ukufeza ubukhulu obuqondile obucelwe amakhasimende, njengoba lokhu kulinganisa kungase kungabi yipayipi elinobunjalo besakhiwo, noma ipayipi lingase lingafani nesimo esifunwayo. Ngemva kokulungisa isilinganiso phakathi kokugoba kanye nokuthamba, i-Timeless ithole ipayipi elinobukhulu obungu-7.67 ngamasentimitha angu-3.3 (195 ngamasentimitha angu-85) obukhulu bodonga obungu-0.118 amayintshi (3 mm). Ubukhulu obude buncane ngamasentimitha angu-0.40 kuphela (10mm) kunobukhulu obubekiwe ekuqaleni.
“Sakha amashubhu ethu ngokudweba ubude obujwayelekile beshubhu eliyindilinga ekwakheni imiqulu,” kusho uMcMillan. “Inqubo yokwakha ishubhu iwubuciko kancane. Akukaze kube yindaba yokuthi simane ‘sichoboza’ ishubhu. Uma sesinqume usayizi esiwaziyo ukuthi uyasebenza, silinganisa zonke izilungiselelo ukuze sikwazi ukuwuphinda ngokuphindaphindiwe Usayizi oqondile. Kodwa ngosayizi omusha…asazi ukuthi uzosithinta kanjani. Izinsimbi ezahlukene ziveza imiphumela ehlukile. Kudinga ukuhlolwa.”
Ishubhu elingaphelelwa yisikhathi ngokuvamile alidingi ukwenziwa ngokwezifiso ukuze lisetshenziswe njengesivikelo sokuhlobisa izakhiwo zesakhiwo, njengoba selivele liqinile ngokwesakhiwo.
Umugqa womkhiqizo we-Timeless Tube uhlanganisa izimo eziyisithupha: I-Flat Oval, i-Oval, i-Twisted Oval, i-Twisted Rounded Square, i-Rounded Square, kanye ne-D. Ububanzi buhlanganisa osayizi abavamile abachazwe ngamakhodi okwakha i-handrail, ngokuvamile angu-32 kuya ku-50 mm (1.25 kuya ku-2 inches), kanye nezinye eziningi.
“E-UK, sinezidingo eziqinile kakhulu ze-handrail zokwakha nezinto esizisebenzisayo, esihlangabezana nazo ngokugcwele,” kusho uMcMillan. “Senze ngisho nokuhlolwa okuqinile kokuchezuka, okufakazela ukuthi leli payipi eliyisicaba eliyindilinga liqine ngamaphesenti angu-54 kunepayipi eliyindilinga elijwayelekile. Kodwa empeleni leli payipi aliyona i-handrail kune-'body rail' yokulala ngokukhululeka,” kusho yena.
Umsebenzi we-Timeless uvele ezakhiweni eziningana ezidumile kanye nezakhiwo, okuhlanganisa nezindawo zokubopha ibhuloho elidumile labahamba ngezinyawo le-Foster + Partners (elaziwa nangokuthi i-Millennium Bridge), kanye nesiteshi sesitimela se-futuristic ngaphakathi kwe-Canary Wharf yaseLondon. URon Arad uchaze amapayipi e-oval e-Timeless e-atrium ye-Tel Aviv Opera House ehlonishwayo, evame ukuvela ezincwadini zokwakha.
“Akunangqondo ukuklama izakhiwo ezinesitayela kangaka bese uziqeda ngamapayipi ajwayelekile ayindilinga,” kusho yena. “Ngicabanga ukuthi abaklami abahle kakhulu bayakuqaphela lokho, yingakho sijabulela isisekelo samakhasimende omhlaba wonke.”
Ngo-Ephreli 2020, uGigi Aelbers, umnikazi womklami wangaphakathi waseSynergigi naseMontana, wathenga ishubhu eliyindilinga lensimbi engagqwali elingu-316L kanye nezinsimbi zokuhlanganisa ezingu-8 ezivela ku-Timeless ukuze azisebenzise njengemilenze yekhomishini yetafula lekhofi elenziwe ngokwezifiso.
Ngesitayela u-Aelbers asichaza ngokuthi “inhlanganisela yezinto eziphilayo kanye ne-geometric”, ikhomishini ihlanganisa amatafula amabili amahle angalingani – elinye liyi-walnut emnyama kanti elinye liyi-oki emhlophe – afakwe ngesimo se-U esiqhubekayo ezingxoxweni ezihlanganisiwe ze-oval. U-Aelbers kwakudingeka aqinisekise ukuthi i-rug ethambile yeklayenti lakhe ayifihlwa yimilenze yetafula emikhulu. Wayedinga amapayipi amahle, angaphazamisi ukuze i-rug ivelele ngangokunokwenzeka. Wa-oda amasampula kwa-Timeless ukuqinisekisa ukuthi unesayizi yepayipi efanele.
Umenzi wensimbi yokwakha uDaniel Boteler usebenzisa izixhumi ukuxhuma amapayipi emakhoneni, athi “kulula kunokwenza ama-degree angu-45 kusaha” futhi kuphumela ekuqedeni okungcono. I-weld ibushelelezi ngoba iyi-weld eqondile esikhundleni se-fillet weld. Njengoba eneminyaka engu-20 yesipiliyoni sokwenza insimbi, uBoteler uthi angathanda ukusebenzisa amapayipi ensimbi akhiwe futhi.
Imilenze yetafula eliyindilinga ihlotshiswe ngesihlabathi ukuze ibukeke inombala wokuqala. U-Albers usebenzisa upende ne-beeswax ukudala ungqimba lwensimbi "olungangeni zinhlamvu" azixuba ngalo. Lapho ebuzwa ukuthi kungani enza umzamo omkhulu kangaka ekutholeni isimo esifanele sepayipi, u-Ebers wachaza: “Konke kuncike ezintweni ezicashile. Abantu abaningi bazobona ukuthi bayayithanda, kodwa abazi ngempela ukuthi kungani. , ngaphandle kokuthi bayakwazi kakhulu. Kusha emehlweni - ingqondo engaphansi kwengqondo cishe iyazi ukuthi intsha. Bayazi ukuthi ayibukeki njengetafula lepikiniki epaki,” kusho yena.
Kusukela eTokyo kuya eTopeka, i-Timeless ihlinzeka njalo ngamapayipi okuthutha amanzi emhlabeni wonke, kanti iNyakatho Melika iyimakethe yayo enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni jikelele. UMcMillan uphethe ngokuthi amakhasimende awakwazanga ukuthola ukuma nobukhulu obufanayo noma ikhwalithi efanayo kwenye indawo.
“Kusobala ukuthi kunezindleko zokuthumela okufanele uzicabangele, kodwa uma ikhwalithi ibaluleke kakhulu, kuyindleko efanele ukukhokhwa,” kusho yena.
Ngaphezu kwezinto zesimanje njengetafula likaSynergigi, i-Timeless iphinde yabona ukuvuselelwa kwezimo zendabuko. Abaklami benkampani bavame ukucelwa ukuthi bakhiqize noma bavuselele imisebenzi yensimbi ngendlela yakudala. Cishe imidwebo yabo eqoshiwe, ama-oval abo asontekile kanye namashubhu asikwele kukhumbuza ifenisha esontekile yekhulu le-17.
“Amapayipi ethu asontekile asetshenziswe emisebenzini yobuciko, ekuqopheni nasekukhanyiseni okusezingeni eliphezulu,” kusho uMcMillan. “Esikhathini sokukhiqizwa kwamarobhothi, ngikholwa ukuthi abantu bafuna ukubona imisebenzi yobuciko. Abaculi nabaklami bayazi ukuthi bangawasebenzisa amapayipi ethu ukuthuthukisa imiklamo yabo.”
Ngaphandle kwezicelo zokwakha nezokuhlobisa, amanye amathuba alindelekile. Kunoma yiliphi idolobha noma idolobha, lapho noma yimuphi umphakathi usebenzisa khona ingqalasizinda, uMcMillan ukholelwa ukuthi izinhlelo zokusebenza zingangeza ubuchwepheshe ukuze zithathe indawo yezinto ezivamile noma ezingakhangi.
“Ngithanda umqondo wokusebenzisa amapayipi ukuze ngifihle ngobuhlakani imigodi yomoya engathandeki, noma ukwengeza isitayela ezitebhisini ezisebenzayo,” usho kanje. “Sikholelwa ukuthi, ngobuhle, ngokwe-ergonomic futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngokwesakhiwo, ubude bamapayipi abunjwe futhi akhiwe buyindlela engcono kunemapayipi ajwayelekile ayindilinga.”
I-Tube & Pipe Journal yaba umagazini wokuqala ozinikele ekukhonzeni imboni yamapayipi ensimbi ngo-1990. Namuhla, isalokhu iyincwadi kuphela eNyakatho Melika ezinikele embonini futhi isibe umthombo wolwazi othembekile kakhulu kochwepheshe bamapayipi.
Manje ngokufinyelela okugcwele kuhlelo lwedijithali lwe-FABRICATOR, ukufinyelela okulula ezinsizeni ezibalulekile zemboni.
Uhlelo lwedijithali lwe-The Tube & Pipe Journal seluyatholakala ngokugcwele manje, lunikeza ukufinyelela okulula ezinsizeni ezibalulekile zemboni.
Jabulela ukufinyelela okugcwele kuhlelo lwedijithali lwe-STAMPING Journal, oluhlinzeka ngentuthuko yakamuva kwezobuchwepheshe, imikhuba emihle kanye nezindaba zemboni zemakethe yokunyathela insimbi.
Manje ngokufinyelela okugcwele kuhlelo lwedijithali lwe-The Fabricator ngesi-Español, ukufinyelela okulula ezinsizeni ezibalulekile zemboni.