Isingeniso
Ibanga 316 liyibanga elijwayelekile elithwala i-molybdenum, elesibili ngokubaluleka kune-304 phakathi kwezinsimbi ezingagqwali ze-austenitic. I-molybdenum inikeza izakhiwo ezingu-316 ezingcono kakhulu zokumelana nokugqwala kune-Grade 304, ikakhulukazi ukumelana okuphezulu kokugqwala kwemigodi kanye nokuqhekeka ezindaweni ze-chloride.
Ibanga 316L, inguqulo ye-316 ephansi yekhabhoni futhi ayizweli ekuzweleni (ukukhishwa kwe-carbide emngceleni wezinhlamvu). Ngakho-ke isetshenziswa kakhulu ezingxenyeni ezihlanganisiwe ze-heavy gauge (ngaphezu kuka-6mm). Ngokuvamile akukho mehluko wentengo obonakalayo phakathi kwensimbi engagqwali engu-316 nengu-316L.
Isakhiwo se-austenitic sinikeza lawa mazinga ukuqina okuhle kakhulu, ngisho nasezingeni lokushisa elikhanyayo.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinsimbi ezingagqwali ze-chromium-nickel austenitic, insimbi engagqwali engu-316L inikeza ukukhukhuleka okuphezulu, ukucindezeleka kuya ekuqhekekeni kanye namandla okunamathela emazingeni okushisa aphezulu.
Izakhiwo Eziyinhloko
Lezi zakhiwo zichazwe kumkhiqizo ogoqwe ngendlela eyisicaba (ipuleti, ishidi kanye nekhoyili) ku-ASTM A240/A240M. Izakhiwo ezifanayo kodwa ezingafani ngempela zichazwe kweminye imikhiqizo efana nepayipi kanye nebha ngokwezincazelo zazo.
Ukwakheka
Ithebula 1. Ububanzi bokwakheka kwezinsimbi ezingagqwali ezingama-316L.
| Ibanga |
| C | Mn | Si | P | S | Cr | Mo | Ni | N |
| 316L | Ubuncane | - | - | - | - | - | 16.0 | 2.00 | 10.0 | - |
| Ubuningi | 0.03 | 2.0 | 0.75 | 0.045 | 0.03 | 18.0 | 3.00 | 14.0 | 0.10 |
Izakhiwo Zemishini
Ithebula 2. Izakhiwo zemishini zezinsimbi ezingagqwali ezingama-316L.
| Ibanga | I-Str eqinekayo | I-Yield Str | I-Elong | Ubulukhuni | |
| Ubuningi be-Rockwell B (HR B) | Ubuningi be-Brinell (HB) | ||||
| 316L | 485 | 170 | 40 | 95 | 217 |
Izakhiwo Ezibonakalayo
Ithebula 3.Izakhiwo ezivamile zomzimba zezinsimbi ezingagqwali zebanga elingu-316.
| Ibanga | Ubuningi | I-Modulus Enwebekayo | Isilinganiso Sokwanda Kokushisa (µm/m/°C) | Ukuqhuba Okushisayo | Ukushisa Okuqondile 0-100°C | Ukumelana Nogesi | |||
| 0-100°C | 0-315°C | 0-538°C | Ku-100°C | Ku-500°C | |||||
| 316/L/H | 8000 | 193 | 15.9 | 16.2 | 17.5 | 16.3 | 21.5 | 500 | 740 |
Ukuqhathaniswa Kwencazelo Yebanga
Ithebula 4.Imininingwane yezinga lezinsimbi ezingagqwali ezingama-316L.
| Ibanga | I-UNS | I-Old British | I-Euronorm | IsiSwidi | IsiJapane | ||
| BS | En | No | Igama | ||||
| 316L | S31603 | 316S11 | - | 1.4404 | X2CrNiMo17-12-2 | 2348 | I-SUS 316L |
Qaphela: Lokhu kuqhathanisa kulinganiselwa kuphela. Uhlu luhloselwe ukuqhathanisa izinto ezifanayo ngokusebenza hhayi njengohlelo lwezinto ezilingana nesivumelwano. Uma kudingeka izinto ezilingana ngqo, kufanele kubhekwe imininingwane yokuqala.
Amabanga Angase Ahluke
Ithebula 5. Amazinga angase asetshenziswe esikhundleni sensimbi engagqwali engu-316.
Ithebula 5.Amazinga angase abe khona esikhundleni sensimbi engagqwali engu-316.
| Ibanga | Kungani kungase kukhethwe esikhundleni se-316? |
| 317L | Ukumelana okuphezulu kwama-chloride kune-316L, kodwa ukumelana okufanayo nokuqhekeka kokugqwala okucindezelekile. |
Ibanga
Kungani kungase kukhethwe esikhundleni se-316?
317L
Ukumelana okuphezulu kwama-chloride kune-316L, kodwa ukumelana okufanayo nokuqhekeka kokugqwala okucindezelekile.
Ukumelana Nokugqwala
Ihle kakhulu ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene zomoya kanye nezindawo eziningi ezigqwalisayo - ngokuvamile imelana kakhulu kune-304. Ingabhekana nokugqwala kwemigodi kanye nokuqhekeka ezindaweni ezifudumele ze-chloride, kanye nokuqhekeka kokugqwala okungaphezu kwama-degrees angu-60°C. Kubhekwa njengokumelana namanzi aphuzwayo anama-chloride afinyelela ku-1000mg/L emazingeni okushisa ajwayelekile, ancipha abe ngu-500mg/L ku-60°C.
I-316 ivame ukubhekwa njengendinganiso"insimbi engagqwali yezinga lolwandle", kodwa ayimelani namanzi afudumele olwandle. Ezindaweni eziningi zasolwandle i-316 ikhombisa ukugqwala kwendawo, okuvame ukubonakala njengombala onsundu. Lokhu kuhlotshaniswa ikakhulukazi nemifantu kanye nokuqedwa kwendawo okuqinile.
Ukumelana Nokushisa
Ukumelana okuhle kwe-oxidation ekuhlinzekeni ngezikhathi ezithile ku-870°C futhi isevisi eqhubekayo ku-925°C. Ukusetshenziswa okuqhubekayo kwe-316 ku-425-860°Ibanga le-C alinconywa uma ukumelana nokugqwala kwamanzi okulandelayo kubalulekile. Ibanga le-316L limelana kakhulu nokuna kwe-carbide futhi lingasetshenziswa ebangeni lokushisa elingenhla. Ibanga le-316H linamandla aphezulu emazingeni okushisa aphezulu futhi ngezinye izikhathi lisetshenziselwa izinhlelo zokusebenza zesakhiwo kanye nengcindezi emazingeni okushisa angaphezu kwama-500.°C.
Ukwelashwa Kokushisa
Ukwelashwa Kwesixazululo (Ukufaka Umswakama) – Shisa ku-1010-1120°C bese uphola ngokushesha. La mazinga awakwazi ukuqina ngokwelashwa ngokushisa.
Ukushisela
Ukushibilika okuhle kakhulu ngazo zonke izindlela ezijwayelekile zokuhlanganisa nokumelana, kokubili ngezinsimbi zokugcwalisa nangaphandle kwazo. Izingxenye ezishibilikile ezisindayo ku-Grade 316 zidinga ukushibilika ngemuva kokushibilika ukuze kuvikelwe ukugqwala okukhulu. Lokhu akudingekile ku-316L.
Insimbi engagqwali engu-316L ngokuvamile ayixhunyeki ngokusebenzisa izindlela zokushisela ze-oxyacetylene.
Umshini
Insimbi engagqwali engu-316L ivame ukusebenza kanzima uma ishintshwa ngokushesha kakhulu. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu kunconywa isivinini esiphansi kanye namazinga okuphakelwa angaguquki.
Insimbi engagqwali engu-316L nayo kulula ukuyisebenzisa uma iqhathaniswa nensimbi engagqwali engu-316 ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwayo okuphansi kwekhabhoni.
Ukusebenza Okushisayo Nokubandayo
Insimbi engagqwali engu-316L ingashiswa ngokushisa kusetshenziswa amasu okushisa avamile. Amazinga okushisa afanele okushisa kufanele abe phakathi kuka-1150 no-1260°C, futhi ngokuqinisekile akufanele kube ngaphansi kuka-930°C. Ukufakwa kwe-anneal ngemuva komsebenzi kufanele kwenziwe ukuze kubangele ukumelana okukhulu kokugqwala.
Imisebenzi eminingi evame kakhulu yokusebenza ngokubanda njengokugunda, ukudweba kanye nokunyathela ingenziwa ngensimbi engagqwali engu-316L. Ukufakwa kwe-anneal ngemuva komsebenzi kufanele kwenziwe ukuze kususwe ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi.
Ukuqinisa Nokuqinisa Umsebenzi
Insimbi engagqwali engu-316L ayiqini ngenxa yokwelashwa kokushisa. Ingaqiniswa ngokusebenza okubandayo, okungabangela nokuqina okukhulu.
Izicelo
Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezijwayelekile zifaka:
•Imishini yokulungiselela ukudla ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezine-chloride.
•Imithi
•Izicelo zasemanzini
•Izinhlelo zokusebenza zokwakha
•Ukufakelwa kwezokwelapha, okuhlanganisa izikhonkwane, izikulufo kanye nokufakelwa kwamathambo njengokufakwa esikhundleni sezinqe kanye nedolo ngokuphelele
•Izibambo
