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Kuora kwemicrobial corrosion (MIC) idambudziko guru mumaindasitiri mazhinji, sezvo kunogona kukonzera kurasikirwa kukuru kwehupfumi. Super duplex stainless steel 2707 (2707 HDSS) inoshandiswa munzvimbo dzegungwa nekuda kwekusagona kwayo makemikari. Zvisinei, kusagona kwayo kuuraya MIC hakuna kuratidzwa nekuyedza. Chidzidzo ichi chakaongorora maitiro eMIC 2707 HDSS anokonzerwa nebhakitiriya rePseudomonas aeruginosa remugungwa. Kuongorora kweElectrochemical kwakaratidza kuti kana paine Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm mu2216E medium, shanduko yakanaka mukugona kuuraya uye kuwedzera kwehuwandu hwe corrosion current density kunoitika. Kuongorora kweX-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) kwakaratidza kudzikira kweCr content pamusoro pesampuro iri pasi pebiofilm. Kuongorora kwekuona kwemapits kwakaratidza kuti P. aeruginosa biofilm yakaburitsa kudzika kwakanyanya kwegomba re0.69 µm mukati memazuva gumi nemana ekubatidzwa. Kunyangwe izvi zvidiki, zvinoratidza kuti 2707 HDSS haina kudzivirirwa zvachose kuMIC yeP. aeruginosa biofilms.
Simbi dzisina ngura mbiri (DSS) dzinoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumaindasitiri akasiyana-siyana nekuda kwekusanganiswa kwakakwana kwehunhu hwakanaka hwemakanika uye kuramba ngura1,2. Zvisinei, kupinza kwenzvimbo kuchiri kuitika uye kunokanganisa kusimba kwesimbi iyi3,4. DSS haidziviriri ngura dzemabhakitiriya (MIC)5,6. Pasinei nekusiyana-siyana kwemashandisirwo eDSS, kuchine nzvimbo uko kuramba ngura kweDSS kusingakwani kushandiswa kwenguva refu. Izvi zvinoreva kuti zvinhu zvinodhura zvakanyanya zvine kuramba ngura kwakanyanya zvinodiwa. Jeon et al7 vakaona kuti kunyangwe simbi dzisina ngura mbiri (SDSS) dzine zvimwe zvisingakwanisike maererano nekuramba ngura. Nokudaro, mune dzimwe nguva, simbi dzisina ngura mbiri (HDSS) dzine kuramba ngura kwakawanda dzinodiwa. Izvi zvakaita kuti pave neHDSS yakashongedzwa zvakanyanya.
Kuramba ngura DSS zvinoenderana nehuwandu hwezvikamu zve alpha ne gamma uye zvakaderedzwa munzvimbo dzeCr, Mo ne W 8, 9, 10 dziri pedyo nechikamu chechipiri. HDSS ine huwandu hwakawanda hweCr, Mo ne N11, saka ine simba rakanaka rekudzivirira ngura uye kukosha kwayo kwakakwirira (45-50) kwenhamba yakaenzana yekudzivirira gomba (PREN) inosarudzwa ne wt.% Cr + 3.3 (wt.% Mo + 0.5 wt. .%W) + 16% wt. N12. Kuramba kwayo ngura kwakanaka kunoenderana nehuwandu hwakaenzana hune zvikamu zve ferritic (α) ne 50% austenitic (γ). HDSS ine hunhu huri nani hwemakanika uye yakasimba yekudzivirira chloride corrosion. Kuramba ngura kwakavandudzwa kunowedzera kushandiswa kweHDSS munzvimbo dzine chloride dzakasimba dzakadai senzvimbo dzegungwa.
MaMIC idambudziko guru mumaindasitiri akawanda akadai semaindasitiri emafuta negesi nemvura14. MIC inoumba 20% yekukuvara kwese kwengura15. MIC ingura yebioelectrochemical inogona kuonekwa munzvimbo dzakawanda. Mabiofilms anoumbwa pamusoro pesimbi anochinja mamiriro emagetsi, nokudaro achikanganisa maitiro ekuora. Zvinotendwa zvakanyanya kuti MIC corrosion inokonzerwa nemabiofilms. Ma electrogen microorganisms anodya simbi kuti awane simba raanoda kuti ararame17. Zvidzidzo zveMIC zvazvino zvakaratidza kuti EET (extracellular electron transfer) ndiyo inoderedza mwero muMIC inokonzerwa nema electrogen microorganisms. Zhang et al. 18 vakaratidza kuti ma electron intermediaries anokurumidza kutamisa ma electron pakati peDesulfovibrio sessificans cells ne304 stainless steel, zvichikonzera kurwiswa kwakanyanya kweMIC. Anning et al. 19 naWenzlaff et al. 20 vakaratidza kuti ma biofilms ema corrosive sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRBs) anogona kutora ma electron zvakananga kubva kuma substrates esimbi, zvichikonzera kunyura kwakanyanya.
DSS inozivikanwa kuti inogona kubatwa neMIC muzvikamu zvine SRBs, mabhakitiriya anoderedza iron (IRBs), nezvimwewo. 21. Mabhakitiriya aya anokonzera nzvimbo dziri pamusoro peDSS pasi pebiofilms22,23. Kusiyana neDSS, HDSS24 MIC haizivikanwe zvakanyanya.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa ibhakitiriya ine chimiro cheGram-negative, inofamba, ine chimiro chetsvimbo inopararira zvakanyanya muzvisikwa25. Pseudomonas aeruginosa iboka guru remabhakitiriya munzvimbo dzegungwa, zvichikonzera kuwanda kweMIC. Pseudomonas inobatanidzwa zvakanyanya mukuita kwengura uye inozivikanwa senzvimbo yekutanga panguva yekuumbwa kwebiofilm. Mahat et al. 28 naYuan et al. 29 vakaratidza kuti Pseudomonas aeruginosa inowanzo kuwedzera mwero wengura yesimbi isina kusimba uye alloys munzvimbo dzemvura.
Chinangwa chikuru chebasa iri kwaive kuongorora hunhu hweMIC 2707 HDSS hwakakonzerwa nebhakitiriya rePseudomonas aeruginosa remugungwa uchishandisa nzira dzemagetsi, nzira dzekuongorora pamusoro uye ongororo yezvigadzirwa zvengura. Zvidzidzo zvemagetsi, zvinosanganisira open circuit potential (OCP), linear polarization resistance (LPR), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), uye potential dynamic polarization, zvakaitwa kuti zvidzidze maitiro eMIC 2707 HDSS. Kuongororwa kwesimba remagetsi (EDS) kwakaitwa kuti kuonekwe zvinhu zvemakemikari panzvimbo ine ngura. Pamusoro pezvo, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) yakashandiswa kuona kugadzikana kwe oxide film passivation pasi pesimba renzvimbo yegungwa ine Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Kudzika kwemakomba kwakayerwa pasi pe confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM).
Tafura 1 inoratidza kuumbwa kwemakemikari e2707 HDSS. Tafura 2 inoratidza kuti 2707 HDSS ine hunhu hwakanaka hwemakanika ine simba rekubudisa re650 MPa. Pamufananidzo 1 inoratidza chimiro che optical microstructure che solution heat treated 2707 HDSS. Muchimiro che microstructure chine angangoita 50% austenite uye 50% ferrite phases, mabhandi marefu e austenite ne ferrite phases asina secondary phases anoonekwa.
Pamufananidzo 2a inoratidza mukana wekushanda kwemhepo (Eocp) kana tichienzanisa nenguva yekuratidzwa kwe2707 HDSS mu2216E abiotic medium uye P. aeruginosa broth kwemazuva gumi nemana pa37°C. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti shanduko huru uye yakakosha muEocp inoitika mukati memaawa makumi maviri nemana ekutanga. Huwandu hweEocp muzviitiko zvese zviri zviviri hwakasvika pa -145 mV (zvichienzaniswa neSCE) maawa angangoita gumi nematanhatu uye hwakazodzikira zvakanyanya, huchisvika -477 mV (zvichienzaniswa neSCE) uye -236 mV (zvichienzaniswa neSCE) yemuenzaniso weabiotic. uye P Pseudomonas aeruginosa coupons, zvichiteerana). Mushure memaawa makumi maviri nemana, kukosha kweEocp 2707 HDSS kweP. aeruginosa kwaive kwakadzikama pa -228 mV (zvichienzaniswa neSCE), nepo kukosha kwakafanana kwesamples dzisiri dzebhayoloji kwaive -442 mV (zvichienzaniswa neSCE). Eocp pamberi peP. aeruginosa yakanga yakaderera zvikuru.
Chidzidzo cheElectrochemical che2707 HDSS samples mu abiotic medium uye Pseudomonas aeruginosa broth pa37 °C:
(a) Eocp sebasa renguva yekuratidzwa, (b) makomba epolarization pazuva rechi14, (c) Rp sebasa renguva yekuratidzwa, uye (d) icorr sebasa renguva yekuratidzwa.
Tafura 3 inoratidza ma electrochemical corrosion parameters e2707 HDSS samples dzakaiswa mu abiotic nePseudomonas aeruginosa inoculated media kwemazuva gumi nemana. Ma tangents ema anode ne cathode curves akatorwa kuti pave nenzvimbo dzinopa corrosion current density (icorr), corrosion potential (Ecorr) neTafel slope (βα neβc) zvichienderana nenzira dzakajairwa30,31.
Sezvakaratidzwa pamufananidzo 2b, kuchinja kwekukwirira kweP. aeruginosa curve kwakaita kuti Ecorr iwedzere zvichienzaniswa neabiotic curve. Iko kukosha kweicorr, iyo inoenderana ne corrosion rate, yakawedzera kusvika pa 0.328 µA cm-2 muPseudomonas aeruginosa sample, iyo yakakura kakapetwa kana pane mu non-biological sample (0.087 µA cm-2).
LPR inzira yekare isingaparadze yekuongorora ngura nekukurumidza. Yakashandiswawo kudzidza MIC32. Pamufananidzo 2c inoratidza polarization resistance (Rp) zvichienderana nenguva yekubuda. Kukosha kwakakwirira kweRp kunoreva ngura shoma. Mukati memaawa makumi maviri nemana ekutanga, Rp 2707 HDSS yakasvika pa1955 kΩ cm2 yesampuli dzisina biotic uye 1429 kΩ cm2 yesampuli dzePseudomonas aeruginosa. Mufananidzo 2c unoratidzawo kuti kukosha kweRp kwakaderera nekukurumidza mushure mezuva rimwe chete uye kwakaramba kusina kuchinja mumazuva gumi nematatu akatevera. Kukosha kweRp kwesampuli yePseudomonas aeruginosa inenge 40 kΩ cm2, iyo yakaderera zvikuru pane kukosha kwe450 kΩ cm2 yesampuli isiri yebhayoloji.
Kukosha kweicorr kunoenderana nechiyero chengura chakaenzana. Kukosha kwayo kunogona kuverengerwa kubva muequation inotevera yeStern-Giri:
Sekureva kwaZoe et al. 33, kukosha kwakajairika kweTafel slope B mubasa iri kwakatorwa se26 mV/dec. Mufananidzo 2d unoratidza kuti icorr yemuenzaniso usiri webiological 2707 yakaramba yakagadzikana, nepo muenzaniso weP. aeruginosa wakachinja-chinja zvakanyanya mushure memaawa makumi maviri nemana ekutanga. Mavalue eicorr esampuli dzeP. aeruginosa aive akakwira zvakanyanya kupfuura evanodzora vasiri vebiological. Maitiro aya anoenderana nemhedzisiro yekuramba kwepolarization.
EIS imwe nzira isingaparadze inoshandiswa kuratidza mashandiro emagetsi panzvimbo dzakaora. Impedance spectra uye capacitance values ​​​​yakaverengerwa yemasampuli akaiswa munzvimbo isina biotic uye Pseudomonas aeruginosa solution, passive film/biofilm resistance Rb yakagadzirwa pamusoro pemuenzaniso, charge transfer resistance Rct, electrical double layer capacitance Cdl (EDL) uye constant QCPE Phase element parameters (CPE). Ma parameter aya akaongororwazve nekuisa data uchishandisa equivalent circuit (EEC) model.
Pamufananidzo 3 panoratidza maNyquist plots (a na b) uye maBode plots (a' na b') e2707 HDSS samples mu abiotic media uye P. aeruginosa broth panguva dzakasiyana dzekufukidzwa. Dhayamita yeNyquist ring inoderera kana paine Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Bode plot (Mufananidzo 3b') inoratidza kuwedzera kwe total impedance. Ruzivo nezve relaxation time constant runogona kuwanikwa kubva ku phase maxima. Pamufananidzo 4 panoratidza maumbirwo emuviri akavakirwa pa monolayer (a) uye bilayer (b) uye maEEC anoenderana. CPE inounzwa muEEC model. Kupinda kwayo uye impedance zvinoratidzwa seizvi:
Mamodheru maviri epanyama uye maseketi akaenzana anoenderana ekugadzirisa impedance spectrum yemuenzaniso 2707 HDSS:
apo Y0 iri KPI value, j iri fantasy number kana (-1)1/2, ω iri angular frequency, n iri KPI power index iri pasi pe one35. Charge transfer resistance inversion (kureva 1/Rct) inoenderana ne corrosion rate. Kana Rct iri diki, corrosion rate yakakwira 27. Mushure memazuva gumi nemana ekuiswa mukati, Rct yePseudomonas aeruginosa samples yakasvika 32 kΩ cm2, iri pasi zvakanyanya pane 489 kΩ cm2 ye non-biological samples (Tafura 4).
Mifananidzo yeCLSM nemifananidzo yeSEM ​​iri muMufananidzo 5 zvinoratidza zvakajeka kuti kuputira kwebiofilm pamusoro peHDSS sample 2707 mushure memazuva manomwe kwakaoma. Zvisinei, mushure memazuva gumi nemana, kufukidza kwebiofilm kwakanga kusina kunaka uye mamwe masero akafa akaonekwa. Tafura 5 inoratidza ukobvu hwebiofilm pa2707 HDSS samples mushure mekusangana neP. aeruginosa kwemazuva manomwe negumi nemana. Ukobvu hwepamusoro hwebiofilm hwakachinja kubva pa23.4 µm mushure memazuva manomwe kusvika pa18.9 µm mushure memazuva gumi nemana. Avhareji yeukobvu hwebiofilm yakasimbisawo maitiro aya. Yakaderera kubva pa22.2 ± 0.7 μm mushure memazuva manomwe kusvika pa17.8 ± 1.0 μm mushure memazuva gumi nemana.
(a) Mufananidzo we3-D CLSM pamazuva manomwe, (b) Mufananidzo we3-D CLSM pamazuva gumi nemana, (c) Mufananidzo weSEM pamazuva manomwe, uye (d) Mufananidzo weSEM pamazuva gumi nemana.
EMF yakaratidza zvinhu zvemakemikari mu biofilms uye zvigadzirwa zvengura pasampuli dzakaratidzwa kuP. aeruginosa kwemazuva gumi nemana. Mufananidzo 6 unoratidza kuti huwandu hweC, N, O, uye P mu biofilms uye zvigadzirwa zvengura hwakakwira zvakanyanya kupfuura musimbi dzakachena, sezvo zvinhu izvi zvakabatana ne biofilms uye metabolites dzadzo. Utachiona hunoda huwandu hushoma hwe chromium nesimbi. Huwandu hwakawanda hweCr neFe mu biofilm uye zvigadzirwa zvengura pamusoro pesampuli zvinoratidza kuti matrix yesimbi yarasikirwa nezvinhu nekuda kwengura.
Mushure memazuva gumi nemana, makomba ane uye asina P. aeruginosa akaonekwa muchikamu chepakati che2216E. Pamberi pekuiswa kwemvura, pamusoro pemasampuli pakanga pakanyatsonaka uye pasina chikanganiso (Mufananidzo 7a). Mushure mekuiswa kwemvura uye kubviswa kwebiofilm uye zvigadzirwa zvengura, makomba akadzika pamusoro pemasampuli akaongororwa uchishandisa CLSM, sezvakaratidzwa paMufananidzo 7b na c. Hapana makomba akajeka akawanikwa pamusoro pezvinhu zvisiri zvebhayoloji (kudzika kwemvura kwakanyanya 0.02 µm). Kudzika kwemvura kwakanyanya kwakakonzerwa neP. aeruginosa kwaive 0.52 µm mumazuva manomwe uye 0.69 µm mumazuva gumi nemana, zvichibva paavhareji yekudzika kwemvura kwakanyanya kubva kumasampuli matatu (kudzika kwemvura kwakanyanya 10 kwakasarudzwa pamuenzaniso wega wega). Kubudirira kwe0.42 ± 0.12 µm uye 0.52 ± 0.15 µm, zvichiteerana (Tafura 5). Aya makomba akadzika madiki asi akakosha.
(a) usati wasangana nechirwere, (b) mazuva gumi nemana munzvimbo isina utachiona, uye (c) mazuva gumi nemana uchinwa muto wePseudomonas aeruginosa.
Pamufananidzo. Tafura 8 inoratidza XPS spectra yenzvimbo dzakasiyana dzesample, uye makemikari akaongororwa pamusoro pega pega anotsanangurwa muTafura 6. MuTafura 6, maatomu eFe neCr aripo neP. aeruginosa (samples A naB) aive akaderera zvakanyanya pane evanodzora vasiri vebhayoloji. (samples C naD). Pamuenzaniso weP. aeruginosa, spectral curve iri padanho reCr 2p nucleus yakaiswa kune zvikamu zvina zvepeak zvine simba rekubatanidza (BE) re574.4, 576.6, 578.3 uye 586.8 eV, izvo zvinogona kuverengerwa kuCr, Cr2O3, CrO3. uye Cr(OH)3, zvichiteerana (Mufananidzo 9a na b). Pamuenzaniso usiri webhayoloji, spectrum yeCr 2p level huru ine peaks mbiri huru dzeCr (573.80 eV yeBE) uye Cr2O3 (575.90 eV yeBE) muMifananidzo. 9c na d, zvichiteerana. Musiyano unoshamisa pakati pemasampuli e-abiotic nemasampuli eP. aeruginosa waive kuvapo kweCr6+ uye chikamu chakakwirira cheCr(OH)3 (BE 586.8 eV) pasi pebiofilm.
Magirazi eXPS akafara pamusoro pemuenzaniso 2707 HDSS muzvikamu zviviri zvema media ane mazuva manomwe negumi nemana, zvichiteerana.
(a) Kusangana neP. aeruginosa kwemazuva manomwe, (b) Kusangana neP. aeruginosa kwemazuva gumi nemana, (c) Mazuva manomwe munzvimbo isina biotic, uye (d) Mazuva gumi nemana munzvimbo isina biotic.
HDSS inoratidza mwero wepamusoro wekudzivirira ngura munzvimbo zhinji. Kim et al.2 vakataura kuti HDSS UNS S32707 yakaonekwa seDSS yakabatana zvakanyanya ine PREN inopfuura 45. PREN kukosha kwemuenzaniso 2707 HDSS mubasa iri kwaive 49. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nehuwandu hwakawanda hwechromium uye huwandu hwakawanda hwemolybdenum nenickel, izvo zvinobatsira munzvimbo dzine acidic. uye nzvimbo dzine huwandu hwakawanda hwechloride. Pamusoro pezvo, chimiro chakaenzana zvakanaka uye microstructure isina kukanganisa zvinobatsira pakugadzikana kwechimiro uye kudzivirira ngura. Zvisinei, pasinei nekugona kwayo makemikari, data rekuyedza mubasa iri rinoratidza kuti 2707 HDSS haina kudzivirirwa zvachose kuP. aeruginosa biofilm MICs.
Mhedzisiro yemagetsi yakaratidza kuti mwero wekuora kwe2707 HDSS mumuto weP. aeruginosa wakawedzera zvakanyanya mushure memazuva gumi nemana zvichienzaniswa nenzvimbo isiri yehupenyu. MuMufananidzo 2a, kudzikira kweEocp kwakaonekwa mune abiotic medium uye mumuto weP. aeruginosa mumaawa makumi maviri nemana ekutanga. Mushure meizvozvo, biofilm inofukidza zvizere pamusoro pemuenzaniso, uye Eocp inova yakagadzikana36. Zvisinei, huwandu hweEocp hwebiological hwaive hwakakwira zvakanyanya pane huwandu hweEocp husiri hwehupenyu. Pane zvikonzero zvekutenda kuti mutsauko uyu unobatanidzwa nekuumbwa kweP. aeruginosa biofilms. Pamufananidzo 2d pamberi peP. aeruginosa, kukosha kweicorr 2707 HDSS kwakasvika 0.627 μA cm-2, inova murairo wehukuru hwakakwira kupfuura hweabiotic control (0.063 μA cm-2), iyo yaienderana neRct value yakayerwa neEIS. Mumazuva mashoma ekutanga, kukosha kweimpedance mumuto weP. aeruginosa kwakawedzera nekuda kwekunamirwa kwemasero eP. aeruginosa uye kuumbwa kwebiofilms. Zvisinei, kana biofilm yakafukidza zvizere pamusoro pemuenzaniso, impedance inoderera. Rutivi rwekudzivirira runorwiswa zvakanyanya nekuda kwekuumbwa kwebiofilms uye biofilm metabolites. Nekuda kweizvozvo, kuramba kwengura kwakadzikira nekufamba kwenguva uye kunamatira kweP. aeruginosa kwakakonzera ngura munzvimbo. Mafambiro munzvimbo dzisina biotic aive akasiyana. Kuramba kwengura kwekutonga kusiri kwebhayoloji kwaive kwakanyanya kupfuura kukosha kwakaenzana kwemasampuli akaoneswa mumuto weP. aeruginosa. Pamusoro pezvo, kune abiotic accessions, kukosha kweRct 2707 HDSS kwakasvika 489 kΩ cm2 pazuva rechi14, iyo yakakwira ka15 kupfuura kukosha kweRct (32 kΩ cm2) pamberi peP. aeruginosa. Saka, 2707 HDSS ine simba rekudzivirira ngura munzvimbo isina tsvina, asi haidziviriri maMIC kubva kuP. aeruginosa biofilms.
Mhedzisiro iyi inogonawo kuonekwa kubva pamakomba epolarization ari muMifananidzo 2b. Anodic branching yakabatana nePseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm formation uye metal oxidation reactions. Muchiitiko ichi, cathodic reaction kudzikira kweoxygen. Kuvapo kweP. aeruginosa kwakawedzera zvakanyanya corrosion current density, inenge yakakura kupfuura mu abiotic control. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti P. aeruginosa biofilm inowedzera localized corrosion ye2707 HDSS. Yuan et al.29 vakaona kuti corrosion current density yeCu-Ni 70/30 alloy yakawedzera pasi pechiito cheP. aeruginosa biofilm. Izvi zvinogona kunge zvichikonzerwa ne biocatalysis ye oxygen reduction nePseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms. Izvi zvinogonawo kutsanangura MIC 2707 HDSS mubasa iri. Panogonawo kuva ne oxygen shoma pasi pe aerobic biofilms. Nokudaro, kuramba kudzorerazve simbi pamusoro ne oxygen kunogona kuva chinhu chinobatsira kuMIC mubasa iri.
Dickinson nevamwe vake 38 vakataura kuti mwero wemakemikari nemakemikari anogona kukanganiswa zvakananga nekushanda kwemasero emasero pamusoro pemuenzaniso uye hunhu hwezvigadzirwa zvengura. Sezvakaratidzwa muMufananidzo 5 neTafura 5, huwandu hwemasero nehukobvu hwebiofilm hwakaderera mushure memazuva gumi nemana. Izvi zvinogona kutsanangurwa zvine musoro nekuti mushure memazuva gumi nemana, mazhinji emasero emasero ari pamusoro pe2707 HDSS akafa nekuda kwekushomeka kwezvinovaka muviri mu2216E medium kana kuburitswa kwemaion esimbi ane chepfu kubva mu2707 HDSS matrix. Uku kuganhurirwa kwekuyedza kwebatch.
Mubasa iri, P. aeruginosa biofilm yakabatsira mukuderera kweCr neFe pasi pebiofilm pamusoro pe2707 HDSS (Mufananidzo 6). Tafura 6 inoratidza kudzikira kweFe neCr mumuenzaniso D zvichienzaniswa nemuenzaniso C, zvichiratidza kuti Fe yakanyungudutswa neCr yakakonzerwa neP. aeruginosa biofilm yakaramba iripo kwemazuva manomwe ekutanga. Nzvimbo ye2216E inoshandiswa kutevedzera nzvimbo yegungwa. Ine 17700 ppm Cl-, inofananidzwa nehuwandu hwayo mumvura yegungwa yechisikigo. Kuvapo kwe17700 ppm Cl- ndiko kwaive chikonzero chikuru chekudzikira kweCr musampuli dze7- ne14-day abiotic dzakaongororwa neXPS. Zvichienzaniswa nesampuli dzeP. aeruginosa, kunyungudutswa kweCr musampuli dzeabiotic kwaive kushoma nekuda kwekusagadzikana kwakasimba kwe2707 HDSS kuchlorine pasi pemamiriro eabiotic. Pamufananidzo 9 inoratidza kuvapo kweCr6+ mufirimu risingashande. Zvingave zvine chekuita nekubviswa kwechromium kubva pamusoro pesimbi neP. aeruginosa biofilms, sezvakakurudzirwa naChen naClayton.
Nekuda kwekukura kwebhakitiriya, pH yenzvimbo isati yakura uye mushure mekurimwa yaive 7.4 ne8.2, zvichiteerana. Saka, pasi peP. aeruginosa biofilm, organic acid corrosion haigone kubatsira pabasa iri nekuda kwepH yakakwira munzvimbo yakawanda. pH yenzvimbo isiri yebiological control haina kuchinja zvakanyanya (kubva pa7.4 yekutanga kusvika pa7.5 yekupedzisira) mukati menguva yekuedza kwemazuva gumi nemana. Kuwedzera kwepH munzvimbo yembeu mushure mekuibvisa kwakakonzerwa nebasa remetabolism reP. aeruginosa uye kwakawanikwa kune mhedzisiro imwechete papH pasina test strips.
Sezvakaratidzwa muMufananidzo 7, kudzika kwegomba kwakanyanya kwakakonzerwa neP. aeruginosa biofilm kwaive 0.69 µm, iyo yakakura zvikuru kupfuura iyo yeabiotic medium (0.02 µm). Izvi zvinoenderana nedata re electrochemical rakatsanangurwa pamusoro apa. Kudzika kwegomba kwe0.69 µm kwakaderera kanopfuura kagumi pane kukosha kwe9.5 µm kwakataurwa kwe2205 DSS pasi pemamiriro akafanana. Data iri rinoratidza kuti 2707 HDSS inoratidza kuramba kuri nani kuMICs pane 2205 DSS. Izvi hazvifanirwe kushamisa sezvo 2707 HDSS ine Cr levels yakakwira iyo inopa passivation yakareba, yakaoma kubvisa passivate P. aeruginosa, uye nekuda kwechimiro chayo chechikamu chakaringana pasina mvura inokuvadza yechipiri inokonzera pitting.
Mukupedzisa, makomba eMIC akawanikwa pamusoro pe2707 HDSS mumuto weP. aeruginosa zvichienzaniswa nemakomba asina basa munzvimbo isina biotic. Basa iri rinoratidza kuti 2707 HDSS ine simba riri nani kuMIC pane 2205 DSS, asi haina simba zvachose kuMIC nekuda kweP. aeruginosa biofilm. Izvi zvinobatsira mukusarudza simbi dzisina ngura dzakakodzera uye hupenyu hwenguva yehupenyu hwenzvimbo yegungwa.
Kuponi ye2707 HDSS yakapihwa neNortheastern University (NEU) School of Metallurgy muShenyang, China. Kuumbwa kwe2707 HDSS kunoratidzwa muTafura 1, iyo yakaongororwa neNEU Materials Analysis and Testing Department. Samples dzese dzakarapwa kuti dzive nemhinduro yakasimba pa1180°C kweawa imwe chete. Pamberi pekuyedzwa kwekuora, 2707 HDSS yakaita semari ine nzvimbo yakavhurika yepamusoro ye1 cm2 yakakweshwa kusvika pa2000 grit nesilicon carbide sandpaper ndokukweshwa ne0.05 µm Al2O3 powder slurry. Mativi nepasi zvakadzivirirwa nependi isina kusimba. Mushure mekuomeswa, samples dzakagezwa nemvura isina kuchena uye dzakacheneswa ne75% (v/v) ethanol kwemaawa 0.5. Dzakazoomeswa nemhepo pasi pechiedza cheultraviolet (UV) kwemaawa 0.5 dzisati dzashandiswa.
Marine Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain MCCC 1A00099 yakatengwa kubva kuXiamen Marine Culture Collection Center (MCCC), China. Pseudomonas aeruginosa yakakuriswa pasi pemamiriro ekunze emhepo pa37°C. mumaflasks e250 ml uye 500 ml glass electrochemical cells uchishandisa Marine 2216E liquid medium (Qingdao Hope Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Qingdao, China). Pakati nepakati pane (g/l): 19.45 NaCl, 5.98 MgCl2, 3.24 Na2SO4, 1.8 CaCl2, 0.55 KCl, 0.16 Na2CO3, 0.08 KBr, 0.034 SrCl2, 0.08 SrBr2, 0.022 H3BO3, 0.004 NaSiO3, 0016 6NH26NH3, 3.0016 NH3 5.0 peptone, 1.0 yeast extract uye 0.1 iron citrate. Autoclave pa121°C kwemaminitsi makumi maviri usati wabayiwa. Verenga masero e sessile ne planktonic ne hemocytometer pasi pe microscope yakajeka pa400x magnification. Kuwanda kwekutanga kwePseudomonas aeruginosa planktonic mushure mekubayiwa kwaive masero angangoita 106/ml.
Miedzo yemagetsi yakaitwa mugirazi rekare rine maerekitironi matatu rine huwandu hwepakati hwe500 ml. Platinum sheet ne saturated calomel electrode (SAE) zvakabatana ne reactor kuburikidza neLuggin capillaries yakazadzwa nemabhiriji emunyu, ayo aishanda semaerekitironi ecounter uye reference, zvichiteerana. Pakugadzira maerekitironi anoshanda, waya yemhangura yakarukwa yakasungirirwa pamuenzaniso wega wega ndokufukidzwa ne epoxy resin, zvichisiya nzvimbo isina kudzivirirwa ye electrode inoshanda kune rumwe rutivi. Panguva yekuyerwa kwemagetsi, masampuro akaiswa mu 2216E medium ndokuchengetwa pakupisa kwe incubation (37°C) mumvura yekugezera. OCP, LPR, EIS uye data re potential dynamic polarization zvakayerwa uchishandisa Autolab potentiostat (Reference 600TM, Gamry Instruments, Inc., USA). Miedzo yeLPR yakanyorwa pa scan rate ye 0.125 mV s-1 iri pakati pe -5 kusvika 5 mV ne Eocp uye sampling rate ye 1 Hz. EIS yakaitwa ne sine wave pamusoro pe frequency range ye 0.01 kusvika 10,000 Hz uchishandisa applied voltage ye 5 mV pa steady state Eocp. Potential sweep isati yatanga, ma electrodes aive mu idle mode kusvika value yakasimba ye free corrosion potential yasvika. Ma polarization curves akazoyerwa kubva pa -0.2 kusvika 1.5 V se function ye Eocp pa scan rate ye 0.166 mV/s. Bvunzo yega yega yakadzokororwa katatu ne uye isina P. aeruginosa.
Mienzaniso yekuongorora metallographic yakakweshwa nemechanically ne wet 2000 grit SiC paper ndokuzokweshwazve ne 0.05 µm Al2O3 powder suspension kuti iongororwe nemaziso. Kuongororwa kwemetallographic kwakaitwa uchishandisa optical microscope. Mienzaniso yacho yakachekwa ne 10 wt% potassium hydroxide 43.
Mushure mekuiswa musanganiswa wezvinhu zvakasanganiswa, sampuli dzakagezwa katatu ne phosphate buffered saline (PBS) (pH 7.4 ± 0.2) uye dzakazogadziriswa ne 2.5% (v/v) glutaraldehyde kwemaawa gumi kuti dzigadzire biofilms. Dzakazobviswa mvura ne batched ethanol (50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95% uye 100% by volume) dzisati dzaomeswa nemhepo. Pakupedzisira, firimu regoridhe rinoiswa pamusoro pemuenzaniso kuti ripe conductivity yeSEM ​​yekutarisa. Mifananidzo yeSEM ​​yakatarisana nenzvimbo dzine masero eP. aeruginosa anonyanya kusvuta pamusoro pemuenzaniso wega wega. Ita ongororo yeEDS kuti uwane zvinhu zvemakemikari. Microscope yeZeiss confocal laser scanning (CLSM) (LSM 710, Zeiss, Germany) yakashandiswa kuyera kudzika kwegomba. Kuti vaone makomba engura ari pasi pe biofilm, sampuro yekuyedza yakatanga yacheneswa zvichienderana neChinese National Standard (CNS) GB/T4334.4-2000 kubvisa zvigadzirwa zvengura ne biofilm pamusoro pe sampuro yekuyedza.
Kuongorora kweX-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS, ESCALAB250 surface analysis system, Thermo VG, USA) kwakaitwa pachishandiswa monochromatic X-ray source (Aluminum Kα line ine simba re1500 eV nesimba re150 W) mumhando dzakasiyana dzesimba rekubatanidza 0 pasi pemamiriro akajairwa e -1350 eV. Maspectra e high resolution akarekodhwa pachishandiswa simba rekutumira re50 eV uye danho re0.2 eV.
Masampuleti akachengetwa akabviswa ndokugezwa zvinyoro nyoro nePBS (pH 7.4 ± 0.2) kwemasekonzi gumi nemashanu nemakumi mashanu nemashanu. Kuti vaone kushanda kwemabhakitiriya kwema biofilms pamasampuleti, biofilms dzakaiswa mavara achishandisa LIVE/DEAD BacLight Bacterial Viability Kit (Invitrogen, Eugene, OR, USA). Kit iyi ine madhayi maviri e fluorescent: SYTO-9 green fluorescent dye uye propidium iodide (PI) red fluorescent dye. MuCLSM, madotsi e fluorescent green nematsvuku anomiririra masero mapenyu neakafa, zvichiteerana. Pakuisa mavara, 1 ml yemusanganiswa une 3 µl yeSYTO-9 uye 3 µl yePI solution yakachengetwa kwemaminitsi makumi maviri patembiricha yemukamuri (23°C) murima. Mushure meizvozvo, masampuleti akachengetwa akaongororwa pama wavelength maviri (488 nm yemasero mapenyu uye 559 nm yemasero akafa) uchishandisa Nikon CLSM apparatus (C2 Plus, Nikon, Japan). Ukobvu hwe biofilm hwakayerwa mu 3D scanning mode.
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