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He raruraru nui te waikura moroiti (MIC) i roto i te maha o ngā ahumahi, nā te mea ka taea e ia te arahi ki ngā mate nui ohaoha. E whakamahia ana te maitai kore waikura super duplex 2707 (2707 HDSS) i roto i ngā taiao moana nā tōna ātete matū pai rawa atu. Heoi, kāore anō kia whakaaturia tōna ātete ki te MIC mā te whakamātautau. I tirotirohia e tēnei rangahau te whanonga o te MIC 2707 HDSS i puta mai i te huakita aerobic moana Pseudomonas aeruginosa. I whakaatuhia e te tātaritanga hikohiko i te aroaro o te biofilm Pseudomonas aeruginosa i roto i te reo 2216E, ka puta he huringa pai i roto i te pūmanawa waikura me te pikinga o te kiato o te iahiko waikura. I whakaatuhia e te tātaritanga o te X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) he hekenga o te ihirangi Cr i runga i te mata o te tauira i raro i te biofilm. I whakaatuhia e te tātaritanga tirohanga o ngā poka i puta i te biofilm P. aeruginosa te hohonutanga o te poka mōrahi o te 0.69 µm i roto i ngā rā 14 o te whakatipuranga. Ahakoa he iti tēnei, e tohu ana kāore a 2707 HDSS i te tino ātete ki te MIC o ngā kiriata koiora P. aeruginosa.
He whānuitia te whakamahinga o ngā maitai kowiri tira takirua (DSS) i roto i ngā ahumahi maha nā te mea he pai te whakakotahitanga o ngā āhuatanga miihini me te ātete waikura1,2. Heoi anō, kei te puta tonu ngā poka ā-rohe, ā, ka pā ki te kounga o tēnei maitai3,4. Kāore te DSS e ātete ki te waikura moroiti (MIC)5,6. Ahakoa te whānuitanga o ngā tono mō te DSS, kei reira tonu ngā taiao kāore e ranea te ātete waikura o te DSS mō te whakamahinga roa. Ko te tikanga tēnei me whakamahi i ngā rauemi utu nui ake me te ātete waikura teitei ake. I kitea e Jeon et al7 ahakoa ngā maitai kowiri tira takirua tino nui (SDSS) he iti noa iho ngā herenga mō te ātete waikura. Nō reira, i ētahi wā, me whakamahi i ngā maitai kowiri tira takirua tino nui (HDSS) me te ātete waikura teitei ake. Nā tēnei i hua ake ai te whanaketanga o te HDSS tino koranu.
Ko te ātete waikura Ka whakawhirinaki te DSS ki te ōwehenga o ngā āhua alpha me te gamma, ā, ka heke iho i ngā rohe Cr, Mo me W 8, 9, 10 e tata ana ki te āhua tuarua. He nui te ihirangi Cr, Mo me N11 o te HDSS, nō reira he tino pai te ātete waikura me te uara teitei (45-50) o te tau ātete pitting ōrite (PREN) i whakatauhia e te wt.% Cr + 3.3 (wt.% Mo + 0.5 wt. .%W) + 16% wt. N12. Ko tōna ātete waikura tino pai ka whakawhirinaki ki te hanganga taurite kei roto tata ki te 50% ngā āhua ferritic (α) me te 50% austenitic (γ). He pai ake ngā āhuatanga miihini o te HDSS, ā, he nui ake te ātete ki te waikura chloride. Ko te ātete waikura pai ake ka whakawhānui ake i te whakamahinga o te HDSS i roto i ngā taiao chloride kaha ake pērā i ngā taiao moana.
He raru nui ngā MIC i roto i ngā ahumahi maha pēnei i te hinu me te hau me te wai14. Ko te MIC te take o te 20% o ngā kino waikura katoa15. He waikura koiora-hikohiko te MIC ka kitea i roto i ngā taiao maha. Ko ngā kiriata koiora e puta ana i runga i ngā mata whakarewa ka huri i ngā āhuatanga hikohiko, ā, ka pā ki te tukanga waikura. E whakaponohia whānuitia ana ko te waikura MIC ka puta mai i ngā kiriata koiora. Ka kainga e ngā moroiti hikohiko ngā konganuku hei whiwhi i te pūngao e hiahiatia ana e rātou hei oranga17. Kua whakaatuhia e ngā rangahau MIC tata nei ko te EET (whakawhiti irahiko i waho o te pūtau) te mea whakawhāiti tere i roto i te MIC i puta mai i ngā moroiti hikohiko. I whakaatuhia e Zhang et al. 18 ka tere ake te whakawhiti irahiko e ngā takawaenga irahiko i waenga i ngā pūtau Desulfovibrio sessificans me te maitai kore waikura 304, ka hua ake he whakaeke MIC kino ake. Kua whakaatuhia e Anning et al. 19 me Wenzlaff et al. 20 ka taea e ngā kiriata koiora o ngā huakita whakaiti-hauota waikura (SRB) te mimiti tika i ngā irahiko mai i ngā papa whakarewa, ka hua ake he poka kino.
E mōhiotia ana te ngoikore o te DSS ki te MIC i roto i ngā pāpāho kei roto ngā SRB, ngā huakita whakaiti-rino (IRB), me ētahi atu. 21. Ka puta he poka iti i te mata o te DSS i raro i ngā kiriata koiora i raro i ēnei huakita22,23. Kāore i te tino mōhiotia te HDSS24 MIC, he rerekē ki te DSS.
Ko te Pseudomonas aeruginosa he huakita Gram-negative, nekeneke, āhua tokotoko e horapa whānuitia ana i roto i te taiao25. Ko te Pseudomonas aeruginosa tētahi rōpū moroiti nui anō hoki i roto i te taiao moana, e hua ake ai te nui o ngā kukū MIC. Kei te whai wāhi nui a Pseudomonas ki te tukanga waikura, ā, e mōhiotia ana ko ia te paionia o te noho whenua i te wā e hangaia ana te biofilm. I whakaatu a Mahat et al. 28 me Yuan et al. 29 ka piki ake te tere waikura o te maitai ngawari me ngā koranu i roto i ngā taiao wai a Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Ko te whāinga matua o tēnei mahi he tirotiro i ngā āhuatanga o te MIC 2707 HDSS i puta mai i te huakita aerobic moana Pseudomonas aeruginosa mā te whakamahi i ngā tikanga hikohiko, ngā tikanga tātari mata me te tātari hua waikura. I whakahaerehia ngā rangahau hikohiko, tae atu ki te pūmanawa ara iahiko tuwhera (OCP), te ātete polarization raina (LPR), te ine i te aukati hikohiko (EIS), me te polarization hihiri pūmanawa, hei ako i te whanonga o te MIC 2707 HDSS. I whakahaerehia te tātari ine ine pūngao marara (EDS) hei kimi i ngā huānga matū i runga i te mata waikura. Hei tāpiri, i whakamahia te ine ine irahiko whakaahua-X (XPS) hei whakatau i te pumau o te whakakorenga kiriata waikura i raro i te awe o te taiao moana kei roto ko Pseudomonas aeruginosa. I inehia te hohonutanga o ngā poka i raro i te karu tirotiro laser confocal (CLSM).
E whakaatu ana te Ripanga 1 i te hanganga matū o te 2707 HDSS. E whakaatu ana te Ripanga 2 he tino pai ngā āhuatanga miihini o te 2707 HDSS me te kaha whakaputa o te 650 MPa. E whakaatu ana te pikitia 1 i te hanganga moroiti o te otinga i tukatukahia ki te wera 2707 HDSS. I roto i te hanganga moroiti kei roto tata ki te 50% austenite me te 50% ngā āhua ferrite, ka kitea ngā roopu roa o ngā āhua austenite me te ferrite kāore he āhua tuarua.
I te pikitia 2a e whakaatu ana i te pūmanawa ara iahiko tuwhera (Eocp) me te wā whakaaturanga mō te 2707 HDSS i roto i te reo abiotic 2216E me te hupa P. aeruginosa mō ngā rā 14 i te 37°C. E whakaatu ana ko te huringa nui rawa atu me te tino hira i roto i te Eocp ka puta i roto i ngā haora 24 tuatahi. Ko ngā uara Eocp i ngā wā e rua i eke ki te -145 mV (ki te SCE) i roto i te 16 haora pea, kātahi ka heke tere, ka tae ki te -477 mV (ki te SCE) me te -236 mV (ki te SCE) mō te tauira abiotic. me ngā tīkitipati P Pseudomonas aeruginosa, ia). I muri i ngā haora 24, he pumau te uara Eocp 2707 HDSS mō te P. aeruginosa i te -228 mV (ki te SCE), ko te uara e rite ana mō ngā tauira kore-koiora tata ki te -442 mV (ki te SCE). He tino iti te Eocp i te aroaro o P. aeruginosa.
He rangahau hikohiko o ngā tauira HDSS 2707 i roto i te reo kore ora me te hupa Pseudomonas aeruginosa i te 37 °C:
(a) Eocp hei mahi a te wā whakaaturanga, (b) ngā ānau pōraritanga i te rā 14, (c) Rp hei mahi a te wā whakaaturanga, me (d) icorr hei mahi a te wā whakaaturanga.
E whakaatu ana te Ripanga 3 i ngā tawhā waikura hikohiko o ngā tauira HDSS 2707 i whakararuraruhia ki ngā pāpāho abiotic me Pseudomonas aeruginosa i roto i te wā 14 rā. I whakawhāitihia ngā pātata o ngā ānau anode me te cathode hei whiwhi i ngā whakawhitiwhitinga e homai ana te kiato o te aukume waikura (icorr), te pūmanawa waikura (Ecorr) me te pari Tafel (βα me te βc) e ai ki ngā tikanga paerewa30,31.
E ai ki te pikitia 2b, nā te nekehanga ki runga o te kōpiko P. aeruginosa i piki ake ai te Ecorr ki te kōpiko abiotic. Ko te uara icorr, he rite ki te tere waikura, i piki ki te 0.328 µA cm-2 i roto i te tauira Pseudomonas aeruginosa, e whā ngā wā nui ake i te tauira kore-koiora (0.087 µA cm-2).
He tikanga hikohiko kore-whakangaro matarohia te LPR mō te tātari waikura tere. Kua whakamahia hoki hei ako i te MIC32. I te pikitia 2c e whakaatu ana i te ātete pōraritanga (Rp) hei mahi a te wā whakaaturanga. Ko te uara Rp teitei ake ko te tikanga he iti ake te waikura. I roto i ngā haora 24 tuatahi, i eke te Rp 2707 HDSS ki te 1955 kΩ cm2 mō ngā tauira abiotic me te 1429 kΩ cm2 mō ngā tauira Pseudomonas aeruginosa. E whakaatu ana hoki te pikitia 2c i heke tere te uara Rp i muri i te rā kotahi, ā, kātahi ka noho tonu kāore i rerekē i roto i ngā rā 13 e whai ake nei. Ko te uara Rp o te tauira Pseudomonas aeruginosa he tata ki te 40 kΩ cm2, he iti iho i te uara 450 kΩ cm2 o te tauira kore-koiora.
He rite te uara o te icorr ki te tere waikura ōrite. Ka taea te tatau i tōna uara mai i te whārite Stern-Giri e whai ake nei:
E ai ki a Zoe et al. 33, ko te uara noa o te pari Tafel B i roto i tēnei mahi i tangohia ko te 26 mV/dec. E whakaatu ana te Pikitia 2d i noho pumau tonu te icorr o te tauira kore-koiora 2707, i te mea i tino rerekē te tauira P. aeruginosa i muri i ngā haora 24 tuatahi. Ko ngā uara icorr o ngā tauira P. aeruginosa he nui ake i ērā o ngā mana kore-koiora. He rite tēnei ia ki ngā hua o te ātete polarization.
Ko te EIS tētahi atu tikanga kore-whakangaro e whakamahia ana hei whakaahua i ngā tauhohenga hikohiko i runga i ngā mata waikura. Ngā irahiko ārai me ngā uara kaha tātai o ngā tauira kua whakaatuhia ki te taiao kore-ora me te otinga Pseudomonas aeruginosa, te ātete kiriata/koiora Rb i hangaia ki runga i te mata tauira, te ātete whakawhiti utu Rct, te kaha paparua hiko Cdl (EDL) me ngā tawhā huānga wāhanga QCPE pumau (CPE). I tātarihia anō ēnei tawhā mā te whakauru i ngā raraunga mā te whakamahi i tētahi tauira ara iahiko ōrite (EEC).
Kei te pikitia 3 ngā kauwhata Nyquist noa (a me te b) me ngā kauwhata Bode (a' me te b') mō ngā tauira HDSS 2707 i roto i ngā pāpāho abiotic me te hupa P. aeruginosa mō ngā wā whakatipu rerekē. Ka heke te diameter o te mowhiti Nyquist i te aroaro o Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Kei te kauwhata Bode (Pikitia 3b') te pikinga o te aukati katoa. Ka taea te tiki mōhiohio mō te pūmau wā whakangā mai i te taumata teitei o te wāhanga. Kei te pikitia 4 ngā hanganga ā-tinana i runga i te paparanga kotahi (a) me te paparanga rua (b) me ngā EEC e rite ana. Kua whakaurua te CPE ki te tauira EEC. Ko tōna urunga me te aukati e whakaatuhia ana penei:
E rua ngā tauira ā-tinana me ngā ara iahiko ōrite e rite ana mō te whakauru i te whānuitanga ārai o te tauira 2707 HDSS:
ko Y0 te uara KPI, ko j te tau pohewa, ko (-1)1/2 rānei, ko ω te auau koki, ko n te taupū mana KPI iti iho i te kotahi35. Ko te hurihanga ātete whakawhiti utu (arā, 1/Rct) e rite ana ki te tere waikura. Ko te iti o te Rct, ko te teitei ake o te tere waikura27. I muri i ngā rā 14 o te whakatipuranga, ka eke te Rct o ngā tauira Pseudomonas aeruginosa ki te 32 kΩ cm2, he iti iho i te 489 kΩ cm2 o ngā tauira kore-koiora (Ripanga 4).
E whakaatu mārama ana ngā whakaahua CLSM me ngā whakaahua SEM i te Pikitia 5 he matotoru te paninga kiriata koiora i runga i te mata o te tauira HDSS 2707 i muri i ngā rā e 7. Heoi, i muri i ngā rā 14, he ngoikore te hipoki kiriata koiora, ā, i puta mai ētahi pūtau mate. E whakaatu ana te Ripanga 5 i te matotoru o te kiriata koiora i runga i ngā tauira HDSS 2707 i muri i te whakaaturanga ki te P. aeruginosa mō ngā rā e 7 me te 14. I rerekē te matotoru kiriata koiora mōrahi mai i te 23.4 µm i muri i ngā rā e 7 ki te 18.9 µm i muri i ngā rā e 14. I whakaū anō hoki te matotoru kiriata koiora toharite i tēnei ia. I heke iho mai i te 22.2 ± 0.7 μm i muri i ngā rā e 7 ki te 17.8 ± 1.0 μm i muri i ngā rā e 14.
(a) Whakaahua CLSM 3-D i ngā rā e 7, (b) Whakaahua CLSM 3-D i ngā rā e 14, (c) Whakaahua SEM i ngā rā e 7, me (d) Whakaahua SEM i ngā rā e 14.
I whakaatuhia e te EMF ngā huānga matū i roto i ngā kiriata koiora me ngā hua waikura i runga i ngā tauira i whakaatuhia ki te P. aeruginosa mō ngā rā 14. I te pikitia 6, e whakaatu ana te pikitia he nui ake te ihirangi o te C, N, O, me te P i roto i ngā kiriata koiora me ngā hua waikura i ngā konganuku parakore, nā te mea e hono ana ēnei huānga ki ngā kiriata koiora me ō rātou matūkai. He iti noa te nui o te chromium me te rino e hiahiatia ana e ngā moroiti. Ko te nui o te Cr me te Fe i roto i te kiriata koiora me ngā hua waikura i runga i te mata o ngā tauira e tohu ana kua ngaro ngā huānga o te anga whakarewa nā te waikura.
I muri i ngā rā 14, i kitea ngā poka me te P. aeruginosa, me te kore hoki i roto i te reo 2216E. I mua i te whakatōnga, he maeneene te mata o ngā tauira, ā, kāore he hapa (Pikitia 7a). I muri i te whakatōnga me te tango i te kiriata koiora me ngā hua waikura, i tirohia ngā poka hohonu rawa atu i runga i te mata o ngā tauira mā te whakamahi i te CLSM, e whakaaturia ana i te Pikitia 7b me te c. Kāore i kitea he poka mārama i runga i te mata o ngā mana whakahaere kore-koiora (te hohonutanga poka mōrahi 0.02 µm). Ko te hohonutanga poka mōrahi i puta mai i te P. aeruginosa he 0.52 µm i ngā rā 7 me te 0.69 µm i ngā rā 14, i runga i te hohonutanga poka mōrahi toharite mai i ngā tauira e 3 (10 ngā hohonutanga poka mōrahi i tīpakohia mō ia tauira). Ko te whakatutukitanga o te 0.42 ± 0.12 µm me te 0.52 ± 0.15 µm, ia (Ripanga 5). He iti ēnei uara hohonutanga poka engari he mea nui.
(a) i mua i te whakaaturanga, (b) 14 ngā rā i roto i te taiao kore ora, me (c) 14 ngā rā i roto i te hupa Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Kei te pikitia. E whakaatu ana te Ripanga 8 i ngā hihi XPS o ngā mata tauira rerekē, ā, ko te hanganga matū i tātarihia mō ia mata kua whakarāpopototia ki te Ripanga 6. I te Ripanga 6, ko ngā ōrau ngota o Fe me Cr i te aroaro o P. aeruginosa (ngā tauira A me B) he iti iho i ērā o ngā mana kore-koiora. (ngā tauira C me D). Mō te tauira P. aeruginosa, ko te pihi hihi i te taumata o te karihi Cr 2p i whakauruhia ki ngā wāhanga tihi e whā me ngā kaha here (BE) o te 574.4, 576.6, 578.3 me te 586.8 eV, ka taea te kī ko Cr, Cr2O3, CrO3. me Cr(OH)3, ia (Pikitia 9a me te b). Mō ngā tauira kore-koiora, kei roto i te whānuitanga o te taumata matua Cr 2p ngā tihi matua e rua mō Cr (573.80 eV mō BE) me Cr2O3 (575.90 eV mō BE) i ngā Pikitia 9c me d. Ko te rerekētanga tino kitea i waenga i ngā tauira abiotic me ngā tauira P. aeruginosa ko te aroaro o Cr6+ me te ōwehenga whanaunga teitei ake o Cr(OH)3 (BE 586.8 eV) i raro i te kiriata koiora.
Ko te roanga o ngā hihi XPS whānui o te mata o te tauira 2707 HDSS i roto i ngā pāpāho e rua he 7 me te 14 ngā rā, ia.
(a) 7 ngā rā e pāngia ana e te P. aeruginosa, (b) 14 ngā rā e pāngia ana e te P. aeruginosa, (c) 7 ngā rā i roto i te taiao kore ora, me (d) 14 ngā rā i roto i te taiao kore ora.
He nui te ātete o te HDSS ki te waikura i te nuinga o ngā taiao. I kōrero a Kim et al.2 i kitea te HDSS UNS S32707 hei DSS tino whakarewa me te PREN nui atu i te 45. Ko te uara PREN o te tauira 2707 HDSS i roto i tēnei mahi he 49. Nā te nui o te chromium me te nui o te molybdenum me te nickel, he mea whai hua i roto i ngā taiao waikawa. Hei tāpiri, he pai te hanganga taurite me te hanganga moroiti kore-hapa mō te pumau o te hanganga me te ātete ki te waikura. Heoi, ahakoa tōna ātete matū pai rawa atu, e kī ana ngā raraunga whakamātautau i roto i tēnei mahi kāore te 2707 HDSS i te tino ātete ki ngā MIC biofilm P. aeruginosa.
I whakaatuhia e ngā hua hikohiko i piki ake te tere waikura o te 2707 HDSS i roto i te hupa P. aeruginosa i muri i ngā rā 14, ki te whakataurite ki te taiao kore-koiora. I te Pikitia 2a, i kitea he hekenga o te Eocp i roto i te reo kore-koiora me te hupa P. aeruginosa i roto i ngā haora 24 tuatahi. I muri i tēnā, ka kapi katoa te mata o te tauira i te kiriata koiora, ā, ka noho pumau te Eocp36. Heoi, he nui ake te taumata Eocp koiora i te taumata Eocp kore-koiora. He take hei whakapono kei te hono tēnei rerekētanga ki te hanganga o ngā kiriata koiora P. aeruginosa. I te pikitia 2d i te aroaro o te P. aeruginosa, i eke te uara icorr 2707 HDSS ki te 0.627 μA cm-2, he nui ake i te mana whakahaere kore-koiora (0.063 μA cm-2), he rite ki te uara Rct i inehia e te EIS. I ngā rā tuatahi, i piki ake ngā uara ārai i roto i te hupa P. aeruginosa nā te piri o ngā pūtau P. aeruginosa me te hanganga o ngā kiriata koiora. Heoi, ina kapi katoa te mata o te tauira i te kiriata koiora, ka heke te ārai. Ka whakaekea te paparanga tiaki nā te hanganga o ngā kiriata koiora me ngā matū koiora. Nō reira, ka heke te ātete waikura i roto i te wā, ā, nā te piri o P. aeruginosa i puta ai te waikura ā-rohe. He rerekē ngā ia o ngā taiao abiotic. He nui ake te ātete waikura o te mana kore-koiora i te uara e rite ana o ngā tauira i whakaatuhia ki te hupa P. aeruginosa. Hei tāpiri, mō ngā whakaurunga abiotic, i eke te uara Rct 2707 HDSS ki te 489 kΩ cm2 i te rā 14, he 15 ngā wā teitei ake i te uara Rct (32 kΩ cm2) i te aroaro o P. aeruginosa. Nō reira, he tino pai te ātete o te 2707 HDSS ki te waikura i roto i te taiao parakore, engari kāore e ātete ki ngā MIC mai i ngā kiriata koiora P. aeruginosa.
Ka kitea hoki ēnei hua mai i ngā kōpiko pōraritanga i roto i ngā Pikitia 2b. Kua honoa te peka anodic ki te hanganga biofilm Pseudomonas aeruginosa me ngā tauhohenga waikura whakarewa. I tēnei take, ko te tauhohenga cathodic ko te whakaiti i te hāora. Nā te aroaro o P. aeruginosa i whakanui ake te kiato o te iahiko waikura, tata ki te nui teitei ake i te mana abiotic. E tohu ana tēnei ka whakarei ake te biofilm P. aeruginosa i te waikura ā-rohe o 2707 HDSS. I kitea e Yuan et al.29 kua piki ake te kiato o te iahiko waikura o te koranu Cu-Ni 70/30 i raro i te mahi a te biofilm P. aeruginosa. Tērā pea nā te biocatalysis o te whakaiti hāora e ngā biofilm Pseudomonas aeruginosa tēnei. Tērā pea ka whakamāramahia e tēnei kitenga te MIC 2707 HDSS i roto i tēnei mahi. Tērā pea he iti ake te hāora i raro i ngā biofilm aerobic. Nō reira, ko te korenga e whakakāhore anō i te mata whakarewa ki te hāora he take pea e whai wāhi ana ki te MIC i roto i tēnei mahi.
I kī a Dickinson me ētahi atu, 38, ka pāngia tika te tere o ngā tauhohenga matū me te hikohiko e te mahi pākia o ngā huakita noho i runga i te mata tauira me te āhua o ngā hua waikura. E ai ki te Whakaahua 5 me te Ripanga 5, i heke te maha o ngā pūtau me te matotoru o te kiriata koiora i muri i ngā rā 14. Ka taea te whakamārama i tēnei mā te meka i muri i ngā rā 14, i mate te nuinga o ngā pūtau noho i runga i te mata o te 2707 HDSS nā te whakahekenga o ngā matūkai i roto i te reo 2216E, nā te tukunga rānei o ngā katote konganuku paitini mai i te matihiko 2707 HDSS. He herenga tēnei o ngā whakamātautau puranga.
I roto i tēnei mahi, i whai wāhi te kiriata koiora P. aeruginosa ki te whakahekenga ā-rohe o te Cr me te Fe i raro i te kiriata koiora i runga i te mata o te 2707 HDSS (Pikitia 6). E whakaatu ana te Ripanga 6 i te whakahekenga o te Fe me te Cr i roto i te tauira D ki te tauira C, e tohu ana ko te Fe me te Cr rewa i puta mai i te kiriata koiora P. aeruginosa i mau tonu mō ngā rā tuatahi e 7. Ka whakamahia te taiao 2216E hei whakatauira i te taiao moana. Kei roto ko te 17700 ppm Cl-, he rite ki tōna ihirangi i roto i te wai moana tūturu. Ko te aroaro o te 17700 ppm Cl- te take matua mō te whakahekenga o te Cr i roto i ngā tauira abiotic 7- me te 14-rā i tātarihia e XPS. Ki te whakataurite ki ngā tauira P. aeruginosa, he iti ake te rewa o te Cr i roto i ngā tauira abiotic nā te kaha o te ātete o te 2707 HDSS ki te chlorine i raro i ngā āhuatanga abiotic. I te pikitia 9 e whakaatu ana te aroaro o te Cr6+ i roto i te kiriata passivating. E ai ki ngā whakaaro o Chen rāua ko Clayton, tera pea kei roto i tēnei rauemi te tango i te chromium mai i ngā mata maitai mā roto i ngā kiriata koiora o P. aeruginosa.
Nā te tipu o te huakita, ko ngā uara pH o te rauemi i mua atu, ā, i muri i te whakatipuranga he 7.4 me te 8.2. Nō reira, i raro i te kiriata koiora o te P. aeruginosa, kāore pea te waikura waikawa waro e whai wāhi ki tēnei mahi nā te pH teitei i roto i te rauemi papatipu. Kāore i tino rerekē te pH o te rauemi whakahaere kore-koiora (mai i te 7.4 tīmatanga ki te 7.5 whakamutunga) i roto i te wā whakamātautau 14 rā. Ko te pikinga o te pH i roto i te rauemi purapura i muri i te whakatipuranga i ahu mai i te mahi pākia o te P. aeruginosa, ā, i kitea he rite tonu te pānga ki te pH i te korenga o ngā rīpene whakamātautau.
E ai ki te Pikitia 7, ko te hohonutanga nui rawa o te poka i puta mai i te kiriata koiora o P. aeruginosa he 0.69 µm, he nui ake i tērā o te reo kore koiora (0.02 µm). He rite tēnei ki ngā raraunga hikohiko kua whakaahuatia i runga ake nei. Ko te hohonutanga o te poka o te 0.69 µm he tekau ngā wā iti iho i te uara 9.5 µm i pūrongohia mō te 2205 DSS i raro i ngā āhuatanga ōrite. E whakaatu ana ēnei raraunga he pai ake te ātete o te 2707 HDSS ki ngā MIC i te 2205 DSS. Kaua tēnei e miharo nā te mea he teitei ake ngā taumata Cr o te 2707 HDSS e whakarato ana i te roa o te kore e taea te whakakore, he uaua ake te tango i te P. aeruginosa, ā, nā tōna hanganga āhua taurite me te kore he ua tuarua kino ka puta te poka.
Hei whakamutunga, i kitea ngā rua MIC i runga i te mata o te 2707 HDSS i roto i te hupa P. aeruginosa ki te whakataurite ki ngā rua iti i roto i te taiao kore ora. E whakaatu ana tēnei mahi he pai ake te ātete o te 2707 HDSS ki te MIC i te 2205 DSS, engari kāore i te tino ātete ki te MIC nā te kiriata koiora o te P. aeruginosa. Mā ēnei hua ka āwhina i te whiriwhiri i ngā maitai kore waikura me te roanga o te ora mō te taiao moana.
He tīkitipati mō te 2707 HDSS i whakaratohia e te Kura Whakarewa o Te Whare Wānanga o Northeastern (NEU) i Shenyang, Haina. Kei te Ripanga 1 te hanganga huānga o te 2707 HDSS, i tātarihia e te Tari Tātari me te Whakamātautau Rauemi NEU. I tukatukahia ngā tauira katoa mō te otinga totoka i te 1180°C mō te 1 hāora. I mua i te whakamātautau waikura, i whakakanapahia he 2707 HDSS āhua moni me te horahanga mata tuwhera o runga o te 1 cm2 ki te kirikiri 2000 ki te pepa kirikiri silicon carbide, kātahi ka whakakanapahia ki te paura Al2O3 0.05 µm. Ka tiakina ngā taha me raro ki te peita kore mahi. I muri i te whakamaroke, ka horoia ngā tauira ki te wai deionized sterilized, ā, ka whakakanapahia ki te 75% (v/v) etanoru mō te 0.5 hāora. Kātahi ka whakamarokehia ki te hau i raro i te rama ultraviolet (UV) mō te 0.5 hāora i mua i te whakamahinga.
I hokona mai te momo Pseudomonas aeruginosa moana MCCC 1A00099 mai i te Xiamen Marine Culture Collection Center (MCCC), Haina. I whakatipuria a Pseudomonas aeruginosa i raro i ngā āhuatanga hauropi i te 37° C. i roto i ngā ipu 250 ml me ngā pūtau hiko karāhe 500 ml mā te whakamahi i te reo wai Marine 2216E (Qingdao Hope Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Qingdao, Haina). Kei roto i te wai (g/l): 19.45 NaCl, 5.98 MgCl2, 3.24 Na2SO4, 1.8 CaCl2, 0.55 KCl, 0.16 Na2CO3, 0.08 KBr, 0.034 SrCl2, 0.08 SrBr2, 0.022 H3BO3, 0.004 NaSiO3, 0016 6NH26NH3, 3.0016 NH3 5.0 peptone, 1.0 tangohanga rewena me te 0.1 rino citrate. Whakamahanahia ki te autoclave i te 121°C mō te 20 meneti i mua i te werohanga. Tatauhia ngā pūtau noho me ngā pūtau planktonic ki te hemocytometer i raro i te karuārai mārama i te whakanui 400x. Ko te kukū tuatahi o te planktonic Pseudomonas aeruginosa i muri tonu i te werohanga he tata ki te 106 pūtau/ml.
I whakahaerehia ngā whakamātautau hikohiko i roto i tētahi pūtau karāhe hiko-toru matarohia me te rōrahi reo o te 500 ml. I honoa te pepa konukawata me te hikohiko kalomelo kua kōtuitia (SAE) ki te tauhohenga mā roto i ngā uaua Luggin kua whakakiia ki ngā piriti tote, i mahi hei hikohiko kaute me te hikohiko tohutoro. Mō te hanga i ngā hikohiko mahi, i whakapirihia he waea parahi rapa ki ia tauira, ā, i hipokina ki te kapia epoxy, me te waiho i te 1 cm2 o te wāhi kāore i tiakina mō te hikohiko mahi i tētahi taha. I roto i ngā ine hikohiko, i whakanohoia ngā tauira ki roto i te reo 2216E, ā, i puritia ki te pāmahana whakatō pumau (37°C) i roto i te kaukau wai. I inehia ngā raraunga OCP, LPR, EIS me te pōraritanga hihiri pūmanawa mā te whakamahi i tētahi potentiostat Autolab (Tohutoro 600TM, Gamry Instruments, Inc., USA). I ​​tuhia ngā whakamātautau LPR i te tere matawai o te 0.125 mV s-1 i roto i te awhe o te -5 ki te 5 mV me te Eocp me te tere tauira o te 1 Hz. I whakahaerehia te EIS me te ngaru sine i runga i te whānuitanga auau o te 0.01 ki te 10,000 Hz mā te whakamahi i te ngaohiko i tukuna o te 5 mV i te āhua pumau o Eocp. I mua i te horomitanga pūmanawa, i noho ngā irahiko i roto i te aratau mangere tae noa ki te taenga ki te uara pumau o te pūmanawa waikura kore utu. Kātahi ka inehia ngā ānau pōraritanga mai i -0.2 ki te 1.5 V hei pānga o Eocp i te tere matawai o te 0.166 mV/s. E toru ngā wā i tuaruatia ai ia whakamātautau me te kore P. aeruginosa.
I whakakanapahia ngā tauira mō te tātaritanga whakarewa ki te pepa SiC mākū 2000, kātahi ka whakakanapahia anō ki te paura whakatārewatanga Al2O3 0.05 µm hei tirotiro whatu. I whakahaerehia te tātaritanga whakarewa mā te whakamahi i te karuārai whatu. I whakairohia ngā tauira ki te otinga 10 wt% o te pāhare pākawa waro 43.
I muri i te whakatōnga, i horoia ngā tauira e toru ngā wā ki te tote phosphate buffered (PBS) (pH 7.4 ± 0.2) kātahi ka whakapirihia ki te 2.5% (v/v) glutaraldehyde mō ngā hāora 10 hei whakapiri i ngā kiriata koiora. Kātahi ka whakamaroketia ki te etanoru puranga (50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95% me te 100% mā te rōrahi) i mua i te whakamaroke i te hau. Hei whakamutunga, ka whakatakotoria he kiriata koura ki runga i te mata o te tauira hei whakarato i te kawe hiko mō te tirotiro SEM. I arotahihia ngā whakaahua SEM ki ngā wāhi kei reira ngā pūtau P. aeruginosa tino noho i runga i te mata o ia tauira. Whakahaerehia he tātaritanga EDS hei kimi i ngā huānga matū. I whakamahia he karu tirotiro taiaho Zeiss confocal (CLSM) (LSM 710, Zeiss, Tiamana) hei ine i te hohonu o te poka. Hei tirotiro i ngā poka waikura i raro i te kiriata koiora, i horoia tuatahitia te tauira whakamātautau kia rite ki te Paerewa ā-Motu Hainamana (CNS) GB/T4334.4-2000 hei tango i ngā hua waikura me te kiriata koiora mai i te mata o te tauira whakamātautau.
I whakahaerehia te tātaritanga irahiko whakaahua hihi-X (XPS, pūnaha tātari mata ESCALAB250, Thermo VG, USA) mā te whakamahi i tētahi pūtake hihi-X kotahi-tae (raina Konumohe Kα me te pūngao o te 1500 eV me te mana o te 150 W) i roto i te whānuitanga o ngā pūngao here 0 i raro i ngā tikanga paerewa o te –1350 eV. I tuhia ngā irahiko taumira teitei mā te whakamahi i te pūngao tuku o te 50 eV me te taahiraa o te 0.2 eV.
I tangohia ngā tauira i whakatōkia, ā, i horoia mārire ki te PBS (pH 7.4 ± 0.2) mō te 15 hēkona 45. Hei tirotiro i te oranga o ngā huakita o ngā kiriata koiora i runga i ngā tauira, i pania ngā kiriata koiora mā te whakamahi i te LIVE/DEAD BacLight Bacterial Viability Kit (Invitrogen, Eugene, OR, USA). Kei roto i te kete e rua ngā tae kanapa: te tae kanapa kakariki SYTO-9 me te tae kanapa whero propidium iodide (PI). I roto i te CLSM, ko ngā ira kakariki kanapa me ngā ira whero e tohu ana i ngā pūtau ora me ngā pūtau mate. Mō te pania, i pania te 1 ml o te ranunga kei roto ko te 3 µl o te SYTO-9 me te 3 µl o te otinga PI mō te 20 meneti i te pāmahana rūma (23°C) i roto i te pōuri. Muri iho, i tirotirohia ngā tauira i pania i ngā roangaru e rua (488 nm mō ngā pūtau ora me te 559 nm mō ngā pūtau mate) mā te whakamahi i te taputapu Nikon CLSM (C2 Plus, Nikon, Hapani). I inehia te matotoru o te kiriata koiora i roto i te aratau matawai 3D.
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