He tino pai rawa tēnei, kāore e taea te kī, nō reira, he aha te raruraru? Ko te tikanga, me whakarewa te mea e hiahiatia ana hei hanga i te nuinga o ngā mea mai i tētahi o ngā momo rino kore waikura neke atu i te 150. He mahi uaua te whakarewa i te rino kore waikura. Ko ētahi o ēnei take ko te noho mai o te waikura chromium, me pēhea te whakahaere i te wera e uru mai ana, ko tēhea tukanga whakarewa hei whakamahi, me pēhea te whakahaere i te chromium hexavalent me pēhea te mahi tika.
Ahakoa ngā uauatanga o te whakarewa me te whakaoti i tēnei rauemi, he mea rongonui tonu te maitai kore waikura, ā, i ētahi wā koinei anake te kōwhiringa mō te maha o ngā ahumahi. He mea nui te mōhio ki te whakamahi haumaru me te wā e whakamahia ai ia tukanga whakarewa kia angitu ai te whakarewa. Koinei pea te kī ki tētahi mahi angitu.
Nā te aha i uaua ai te whakarewa i te maitai kore waikura? Ka tīmata te whakautu me te āhua o tōna hanganga. Ko te maitai ngawari, e mōhiotia ana ko te maitai ngawari, ka whakaranua ki te 10.5% te iti rawa o te chromium hei whakaputa i te maitai kore waikura. Ka hangaia e te chromium tāpiri he paparanga o te chromium oxide ki runga i te mata o te maitai, e ārai ana i te nuinga o ngā momo waikura me te waikura. Ka tāpirihia e ngā kaihanga he maha o te chromium me ētahi atu huānga ki te maitai hei whakarerekē i te kounga o te hua whakamutunga, kātahi ka whakamahi i tētahi pūnaha mati-toru hei wehewehe i ngā taumata.
Ko ngā maitai kore waikura e whakamahia whānuitia ana ko te 304 me te 316. Ko te mea iti rawa te utu ko te 304, kei roto ko te 18 ōrau te chromium me te 8 ōrau te nickel, ā, e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā mea katoa mai i ngā whakapaipai motuka ki ngā taputapu kīhini. He iti ake te chromium (16%) me te nickel (10%) i roto i te maitai kore waikura 316, engari kei roto hoki ko te 2% te molybdenum. Mā tēnei matū ka nui ake te ātete o te maitai kore waikura 316 ki ngā pūhaumāota me ngā otinga chlorine, ā, koinei te kōwhiringa pai rawa atu mō ngā taiao moana me ngā ahumahi matū me te rongoā.
Ka taea e te paparanga o te chromium oxide te whakapūmau i te kounga o te maitai kore waikura, engari koinei te mea e tino pōuri ai ngā kaiwhakarewa. Ka whakanui ake tēnei ārai whai hua i te kukū o te mata o te konganuku, ka whakaroa i te hanganga o te puna whakarewa wai. Ko tētahi hapa noa ko te whakanui ake i te wera e whakaurua ana, nā te mea ka nui ake te wera ka whakanui ake i te rere o te puna. Heoi, ka pā kino tēnei ki te maitai kore waikura. Ka nui rawa te wera ka nui ake te waikura ka piko, ka wera rānei te konganuku turanga. Ka honoa ki te pepa konganuku e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā ahumahi nui pēnei i te hauā o ngā motuka, ka noho tēnei hei kaupapa matua.
Ka tino whakangaromia e te wera te ātete waikura o te maitai kore waikura. Ka nui rawa te wera e whakamahia ana ina huri te whakarewa, te rohe rānei e pāngia ana e te wera (HAZ) ki te kanapa. Ka puta he tae whakamiharo mai i te maitai kore waikura kua waikurahia, mai i te koura mā ki te kikorangi pouri me te papura. He whakaahua pai ēnei tae, engari tera pea he tohu mō ngā whakarewa kāore pea e tutuki i ētahi whakaritenga whakarewa. Kāore ngā whakaritenga tino pakari e pai ki te tae whakarewa.
E whakaaetia whānuitia ana ko te whakarewa pewa tungsten ārai-hau (GTAW) te mea tino pai mō te maitai kore waikura. I ngā wā o mua, he pono tēnei i roto i te tikanga whānui. He pono tonu tēnei ina ngana tātou ki te kawe mai i aua tae māia ki roto i te raranga toi kia tutuki ai ngā paerewa kounga teitei i roto i ngā ahumahi pēnei i te mana karihi me te rererangi. Heoi, nā te hangarau whakarewa hurihuri hou kua waiho te whakarewa pewa whakarewa hau (GMAW) hei paerewa mō te hanga maitai kore waikura, ehara i te mea ko ngā pūnaha aunoa, ko ngā pūnaha karetao rānei anake.
Nā te mea he tukanga whāngai waea ā-aunoa te GMAW, he tere teitei te whakatakotoranga, ā, ka āwhina i te whakaiti i te wera e tomo mai ana. E kī ana ētahi tohunga he māmā ake te whakamahi i te GTAW nā te mea he iti ake te whakawhirinaki ki te pūkenga o te kaiwero, engari ki te pūkenga o te pūtake hiko whakarewa. He kōrero koretake tēnei, engari ko te nuinga o ngā pū hiko GMAW hou e whakamahi ana i ngā raina honohono kua whakaritea i mua. Kua hangaia ēnei kaupapa hei whakatakoto i ngā tawhā pēnei i te iahiko me te ngaohiko, i runga i te konganuku whakakī i whakaurua e te kaiwhakamahi, te matotoru o te rauemi, te momo hau me te diameter waea.
Ka taea e ētahi kaitahuri te whakarerekē i te pewa puta noa i te tukanga whakarewa kia tika tonu te whakaputa i te pewa, kia tika ai ngā āputa i waenga i ngā wāhanga, kia mau tonu ai te tere haere kia tutuki ai ngā paerewa whakaputa me te kounga. He pono rawa tēnei mō te whakarewa aunoa, te whakarewa karetao rānei, engari e pā ana hoki ki te whakarewa ā-ringa. Ko ētahi o ngā pū hiko kei te mākete e tuku ana i tētahi atanga mata pā me ngā mana whakahaere rama hei whakarite ngāwari.
He mahi uaua te whakarewa i te kowiri tira. Ko ētahi o ēnei take ko te noho mai o te waikura chromium, me pēhea te whakahaere i te wera e uru mai ana, ko tēhea tukanga whakarewa hei whakamahi, me pēhea te whakahaere i te chromium hexavalent me pēhea te mahi tika.
Ko te whiriwhiri i te hau tika mō te GTAW e whakawhirinaki ana ki te wheako, ki te whakamahinga rānei o te whakamātautau whakarewa. Ko te GTAW, e mōhiotia ana ko te hau tungsten inert (TIG), i te nuinga o te wā ka whakamahia he hau inert anake, ko te argon, he helium, he ranunga rānei o ngā mea e rua. Mā te werohanga hē o te hau tiaki, te wera rānei, ka taea e tetahi whakarewa te hanga kia tino porotaka, kia rite rānei ki te taura, ā, ka ārai i te ranunga ki te konganuku e karapoti ana, ka hua ake he whakarewa kino, he whakarewa kāore rānei i te pai. Ko te whakatau ko tēhea ranunga te mea pai mō ia whakarewa he tikanga whakamātautau me te hapa. Mā ngā raina whakaputa GMAW tiritahi ka āwhina i te whakaiti i te wā moumou i roto i ngā tono hou, engari ina hiahiatia te kounga tino pakari, ko te tikanga whakarewa GTAW tonu te tikanga pai.
He tūponotanga hauora te whakarewa i te maitai kore waikura ki te hunga whai rama. Ko te tūponotanga nui rawa atu ko ngā auahi e tukuna ana i te wā o te tukanga whakarewa. Ka puta he matū e kiia nei ko te chromium hexavalent, ka mōhiotia ka kino te pūnaha manawa, ngā whatukuhu, te ate, te kiri me ngā kanohi, ā, ka puta te mate pukupuku. Me mau tonu ngā kaiwhakarewa i ngā taputapu tiaki, tae atu ki te manawa manawa, me te whakarite kia pai te hau o te rūma i mua i te tīmatanga o te whakarewa.
Kāore ngā raruraru o te maitai kore waikura e mutu i muri i te otinga o te whakarewa. Me aro nui hoki ki te maitai kore waikura i te tukanga whakaoti. Mā te whakamahi i te paraihe maitai, i te papa whakakanapa rānei kua poke i te maitai waro ka kino pea te paparanga tiaki o te chromium oxide. Ahakoa kāore e kitea te kino, ka taea e ēnei poke te whakaraerae i te hua kua oti ki te waikura, ki ētahi atu waikura rānei.
Ko Terrence Norris te Kaihanga Taupānga Matua i Fronius USA LLC, 6797 Fronius Drive, Portage, IN 46368, 219-734-5500, www.fronius.us.
He kaituhi motuhake a Rhonda Zatezalo mā Crearies Marketing Design LLC, 248-783-6085, www.crearies.com.
Nā te hangarau whakarewa hurihuri o ēnei rā kua waiho te GMAW hau hei paerewa mō te hanga maitai kore waikura, ehara i te mea ko ngā pūnaha aunoa, ko ngā pūnaha karetao rānei anake.
Ko te WELDER, i mua ko Practical Welding Today tōna ingoa, e tohu ana i ngā tāngata tūturu e hanga ana i ngā hua e whakamahia ana e tātou, e mahi tahi ana hoki i ia rā, i ia rā. Neke atu i te 20 tau tēnei maheni e mahi ana ki te hapori whakarewa i Amerika Te Raki.
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