Yaɗuwar hydrogen ta cikin ƙarfe a yanayin zafi mai yawa muhimmin batu ne ga tsarin tritium da motocin da ke amfani da hydrogen. Koyar da yaɗuwa a dakin gwaje-gwajen kayan aikin digiri na farko yana amfana daga ƙwarewar da aka samu ta hanyar auna osmotic. An shirya gwaji don nuna shigar hydrogen ta cikin bututun ƙarfe na bakin ƙarfe. Manufar wannan aikin ita ce a tantance yadda sakamakon wannan gwajin ya yi daidai da ƙimar adabi mai kyau don ma'aunin yaɗuwa da narkewar hydrogen a cikin bakin ƙarfe. An haɗa hydrogen da argon a cikin tanki mai zafi wanda ke ɗauke da bututu mai naɗewa na bakin ƙarfe 316. An wuce iskar gas mai tsabta ta argon ta cikin bututun zuwa na'urar auna taro inda aka yi rikodin abubuwan da ke cikin nau'ikan iskar gas ɗin da suka dace. Daidaita samfurin canji na ka'ida zuwa bayanan gwaji ya haifar da ma'aunin yaɗuwa da narkewar hydrogen a cikin bakin ƙarfe. An gudanar da gwaje-gwajen a matsin lamba na aiki na hydrogen daga 0.01 zuwa 0.5 atm. da yanayin zafi daga 700 zuwa 783 K. Tsarin ka'ida ya dace da siffar bayanan shigar wucin gadi. Ƙimar da aka lura don yaɗuwa da narkewar hydrogen a cikin bakin ƙarfe daga waɗannan abubuwan da suka wuce gona da iri suna kama da ƙimar adabi tare da wasu bambance-bambance. Ana iya bayyana waɗannan bambance-bambancen ta hanyar abubuwan da aka sani. Sakamakon wannan hanyar gwaji yana da kusanci da ƙimar yaɗuwa da narkewa da aka buga, wanda ke tabbatar da cewa ana iya amfani da gwajin a matsayin taimakon koyarwa. Ana iya faɗaɗa hanyar zuwa wasu kayan aiki don bincike ko dalilai na nunawa.
An ƙera shirin SUU na jinya a cikin tsarin ka'idar ilimi mai zurfi na ɗalibai. Ɗaliban sun shiga cikin tsarin koyo sosai, amma a matsayinsu na ƙungiya ba su sami ilimin gaskiya da ake buƙata don samun nasara a NCLEX ba. Ɗalibai suna ɗaukar darussan aikin jinya ba tare da ɗaukar alhakin bayanan gaskiya ba. Ayyukan koyo na rukuni ba su isa su nuna ilimin ɗalibi ɗaya ba. Binciken ƙarancin nasarar ɗalibai ta hanyar gwaji mai daidaito yana ƙarfafa Makarantar Aikin Jinya ta bincika canje-canje a cikin koyo. Muhimman abubuwan ka'idar ci gaban gini suna ba da haske game da canji mai kyau na koyarwa wanda ya yi nasara ga ɗalibanmu. Wannan gabatarwar tana nuna yanayin bayanai daga gwaje-gwajen da aka yi amfani da su a cikin shirin kulawa da kuma sakamakon NCLEX. Wannan gabatarwar tana ba da tallafi ga aikin don haɓaka ra'ayoyin ka'idar ci gaban gini da aikace-aikacen su ga ilimin aikin jinya. Yawancin samfuran ka'idar ilimin aikin jinya suna ƙoƙarin shimfida harsashin manhajar aikin jinya. Gyaran koyarwa a Sashen Aikin Jinya na SUU sun yi daidai da ka'idar ci gaban gini, kuma sakamakon koyon ɗalibai koyaushe yana goyan bayan wannan ra'ayi.
Daphne Solomon, DNP, FNP-C Diane Fuller*, DNP, APRN, FNP-C, Debra Whipple*, DNP, FNP-BC, Ana Sanchez-Birkhead, PhD, WHNP-BC Sashen Kula da Jinya
Ciwon nono mai kumburi (IBCC) shine nau'in ciwon nono mafi tsanani da kuma hatsari. A da, IBC cuta ce da ke kashe mutane a ko'ina, amma a yau, tsawon shekaru 5 shine kashi 30-40% (Bond, Connoly, & Asci, 2010). A da, IBC cuta ce da ke kashe mutane a ko'ina, amma a yau, adadin waɗanda za su tsira daga cutar na tsawon shekaru 5 shine kashi 30-40% (Bond, Connoly, & Asci, 2010). Когда-то ИБК был смертельно опасным заболеванием, но сегодня 5-летняя выживаемость составля - 30% 2010). Ciwon IB a da yana da matuƙar kisa, amma a yau adadin waɗanda za su tsira daga cutar na tsawon shekaru 5 shine kashi 30-40% (Bond, Connoly, & Asci, 2010). Когда-то ИБК был смертельно опасным заболеванием, но сегодня 5-летняя выживаемость составляnci- 30% 2010). Ciwon IB a da yana da matuƙar kisa, amma a yau adadin waɗanda za su tsira daga cutar na tsawon shekaru 5 shine kashi 30-40% (Bond, Connoly & Asci, 2010).IBC tana da kashi 1% zuwa 6% na dukkan cututtukan da suka shafi cutar kansar nono. Rashin samun cutar baƙon abu ne ga likita da majiyyaci ba (Molckovsky et al., 2009). Yawancin marasa lafiya suna zuwa wurin likitansu na farko (PCP) da farko. Sau da yawa ba a gano cutar ta IBC a matsayin cutar nono ko kuma cutar mastitis ba. Yawancin littattafan da ke kan IB ana buga su a mujallun oncology. Ba kasafai ake ganin su a cikin mujallun kula da lafiya na farko, ilimin mata, ko na likitancin ciki ba. Bitar littattafan karatu a fannin likitanci da ilimin cututtuka ya nuna ƙarancin bayanai da ɗaliban likitanci ke da su. Manufar wannan aikin ita ce inganta fahimtar marasa lafiya da masu samar da kiwon lafiya game da alamun, alamu, ka'idojin ganewar asali, da jagororin da ke da alaƙa da IBC.
Tsarin Imani da Lafiya (HBM) shine tushen ka'idar wannan aikin. Ta hanyar ilimin marasa lafiya na PCP da IBC, gano cutar da wuri da kuma gano ta na iya haifar da kyakkyawan hasashen cutar.
Alyssa Simon Beveridge, Madison Rae, Jessica Brown, Emily Clendening, Sierra Gish, Nika Clark*, Cynthia Wright, Ph.D.* Sashen Noma da Kimiyyar Abinci
Cibiyar Kula da Cututtuka da Rigakafi ta Amurka ta ba da rahoton cewa kashi 35.9% na manya a Amurka suna da kiba, kashi 8.9% kuma suna da cutar kafin su kamu da ciwon suga, sannan kashi 8.3% kuma suna da cutar suga.
Manufar aikin ita ce a tantance ko akwai alaƙa tsakanin kitsen jiki da yawan sukari a jini da sauran abubuwan da suka shafi lafiya tsakanin ɗalibai, malamai, da ma'aikata a harabar Jami'ar Kudancin Utah. An ɗauko samfurin dacewa na 384 daga yawan jama'ar jami'ar. Mahalarta sun kammala wani bincike da IRB ta amince da shi kuma sun sami ma'auni uku: kewayen kugu, kitsen jiki, da A1c (wanda ke nuna haɗarin kamuwa da ciwon suga).
Kusan kashi 5 cikin 100 na mahalarta ba su da kiba sosai, kashi 26 cikin 100 sun yi kiba sosai, kuma kashi 14 cikin 100 sun yi kiba sosai. Sakamakon da ya shafi kaso na kitsen jiki ya nuna cewa yayin da kaso na kitsen jiki ya karu, haka ma matakan A1c, kewayen kugu, da shekaru suka karu. Mahalarta aure suma suna da kaso mafi girma na kitsen jiki.
Kusan kashi 6% na mahalarta sun sami A1c sama da 7 (wanda ake ganin ya yi yawa). Babban A1c yana da alaƙa da matsayin aure da rashin gamsuwa da nauyi da lafiyar jiki.
Amfani da kayan polymeric wajen ƙera ƙananan chips yana sa nazarin rabuwar microfluidic ya fi amfani da inganci. Muna ƙera ƙananan chips da aka gina daga ƙananan poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) ta amfani da samfuran nickel masu electroposited don gina tashoshin rabuwa. An tsaftace ƙananan PDMS da tef kuma an fallasa su ga hasken UV a ƙoƙarin tsaftace ƙwayar polymer ɗin plasma. Bayan tsaftacewa, an ƙara PDMS a cikin gilashin zamewa don samar da ƙasan tashar rabuwa. Tsarin buɗewar waɗannan na'urorin microfluidic yana ba da damar nazarin sunadarai da ƙananan ƙwayoyin halitta ta amfani da dabarun electrochemical da spectroscopic.
Muna nazarin halayen lipids na phosphatidylserine (PS) a gaban jan ƙarfe. PS yana cikin membranes na yawancin halittu kuma yana da hannu a cikin muhimman ayyuka na ƙwayoyin halitta kamar apoptosis, coagulation, da kuma watsa cututtuka. Nazarin da aka yi a baya ya nuna cewa ions na jan ƙarfe (II) suna ɗaure zuwa PS kuma sun nuna cewa hadaddun ƙwayoyin jan ƙarfe na iya "juya" bilayer transmembrane. Mun yi amfani da electrophoresis da microfluidics kuma a halin yanzu muna amfani da amsawar jan ƙarfe don ƙoƙarin nuna ko juyawar hadaddun ya faru da gaske.
Sinadaran halitta masu dauke da sifofin maganin rigakafi sune ginshiƙin magani da lafiyar ɗan adam. Wannan bincike yana da nufin nemo sabbin hanyoyin hada maganin rigakafi daga kayan farawa masu sauƙi. Don cimma wannan burin, an yi amfani da halayen cycloaddition na photocatalytic [2+2] na alkenes da isocyanates a cikin haske mai gani don shirya maganin rigakafi na monocyclic lactam. Aikin farko ya mayar da hankali kan haɓaka yanayi don amsawar samarwa tsakanin phenylisocyanate da transtilbene. Gwaje-gwajen da aka yi kwanan nan sun mayar da hankali kan ƙara yawan amsawar photocatalyst ta hanyar ƙara adadin stoichiometric na mai kashe oxidative. Lokacin da ake nazarin gaurayen amsawa waɗanda ke ɗauke da ƙarin sinadarai masu hana oxidation, an gano sabbin samfura da yawa. A halin yanzu muna aiki kan ware da kuma siffanta waɗannan sabbin samfura.
Taricha granulosa salamander ce da ke fitar da neurotoxin tetrodotoxin (TTX) daga fatarta. Salamanda suna amfani da tetrodotoxin a matsayin kariya daga masu farauta. An nuna cewa manya, tsutsotsi da amfrayo na Taricha torosa suna ɗauke da TTX. Mun so mu ƙididdige adadin TTX da salamanders ke zubarwa a matakai daban-daban na rayuwarsu, gami da amfrayo, tsutsotsi (kafin da bayan bayyanar ƙafafun baya), da kuma salaman manya. Za mu yi amfani da gas chromatography tare da mass spectrometry (GCMS) da capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) tare da gano haske mai zurfi don tantance yawan TTX. Manufar bincikenmu ita ce tabbatar da cewa capillary zone electrophoresis dandamali ne mai dacewa don auna tetrodotoxin. Amfani da wannan binciken shine don samun matakan farko na tetrodotoxin don taimakawa ƙarin bincike.
Ta hanyar nazarin sanannen kuma sanannen amsawar Fischer-Indole, an gano hanyoyin da za a iya amfani da su wajen haɗa indole da carbazole. Wannan amsawar da aka gabatar ta ƙunshi ƙirƙirar tsaka-tsaki iri ɗaya kamar yadda aka yi a tsarin Fischer. Idan wannan haɗuwa da wani sakamako na tsaka-tsaki kamar yadda aka zata, amsawar da aka gabatar ya kamata ta ba da samfurin iri ɗaya kamar yadda aka yi a tsarin Fischer. Idan wannan ya zama gaskiya, za a gano wani sabon martanin sinadarai.
Tsarin da aka tsara don haɗa indoles (kuma a ƙarshe carbazoles) ya haɗa da haɗakar mahaɗan nitroso mai ƙanshi zuwa sassan amine na cyclic a cikin sabuwar hanyar injiniya. Tsarin da ke ƙasa yana nuna sabon amsawar da aka gabatar. Sauƙin wannan amsawar zai bayyana a cikin buƙatar ƙananan matakai da ƙarancin tsada da sauƙin sarrafa reagents fiye da sauran hanyoyin roba. Babban fa'idar da za a iya samu ita ce ba a buƙatar hydrazine mai guba da ake buƙata don amfani da hanyar Fisher ba.
An binciki wannan martanin a ƙarƙashin yanayi daban-daban na amsawa, ciki har da sinadarai daban-daban, yawan pH daban-daban, microwave da hanyoyin amsawa na al'ada, har ma da amfani da abubuwan kara kuzari daban-daban.
An yi nazarin wannan amsar, amma abin takaici bai yi nasara ba. Har yanzu ba a tabbatar da dalilin hakan ba. Ana buƙatar ƙarin bincike don gano dalilin da ya sa wannan martanin bai yi nasara ba zuwa yanzu da kuma yadda za a iya amfani da wannan bayanin yadda ya kamata.
RJ Corry, Taylor Everett, Cody Hilton, Bruce Smalley, da Chris Monson, Ph.D. *Sashen Kimiyyar Jiki
Tantanin halitta da sunadaran su suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a rayuwar yau da kullum kuma suna da matukar muhimmanci ga waɗanda ke nazarin rayuwa. Yawan bincike da ake yi yana mai da hankali kan rawar da waɗannan sunadaran da membranes ke takawa da kuma hulɗarsu a cikin binciken magunguna da ka'idoji. Kwanan nan, an yi amfani da lipid bilayer (SLBs) masu goyan baya don tsarkake sunadaran membrane ta amfani da wata dabara da ake kira electrophoresis/electroosmotic focusing (EEF). Duk da cewa an fahimci wannan hanyar sosai a farkon da ƙarshen rabuwar lipid/protein, ba a fahimci halayen waɗannan lipids/proteins a tsakanin ba. Muna ƙoƙarin ƙirƙirar kwaikwayon kwamfuta wanda zai ba mu damar kwaikwayon halayen lipids da sunadarai a duk matakan rabuwa. Wannan an yi shi ne don taimakawa wajen fahimtar hulɗar furotin da lipid don bincike na gaba.
Imines muhimmin aji ne na mahaɗan halitta waɗanda ke ɗauke da ƙungiyoyin aiki (CH=N)). Ana kuma kiransu tushen Schiff, bayan babban Schiff wanda ya haɗa su a 1864. Ana haɗa su ta hanyar halayen danshi tsakanin aldehydes ko ketones da amines. Yawancin imines suna nuna manyan ayyukan halittu kamar aikin kashe ƙwayoyin cuta, ƙwayoyin cuta, da kuma maganin ciwon daji. Manufarmu ita ce haɗa sabbin imines ta hanyar amsawar N-heterocyclic aldehydes da amines. Waɗannan imines na iya aiki azaman bidentate ligands kuma suna samar da tsarin zobe mai mambobi biyar masu ƙarfi tare da ƙarfe masu canzawa. Wani burin aikinmu shine haɗa sabbin imines tare da ƙarfe d8 (misali nickel, platinum da palladium). Muna fatan cewa haɗadden platinum ɗin da aka haɗa zai zama kwatancen cisplatin na maganin hana ƙari. Bayan an yi nasarar haɗa su, za a gwada haɗadden ƙarfe don wannan yuwuwar aikin halittu.
Mun haɗa sabbin imines na 5-aminouracil da kuma nau'ikan aldehydes guda uku daban-daban na N-heterocyclic. Bayanan 1H-NMR da IR sun nuna cewa mun haɗa imine da ake so. Ana ci gaba da aiki kan ware samfuran tsarkakakku da kuma haɗa hadaddun ƙarfe. Wani abu mai amfani na sabbin imines ɗinmu da aka haɗa shine suna haskakawa sosai a yankin shuɗi na haske da ake iya gani.
Alkylamines (RNH2) muhimmin rukuni ne na ƙwayoyin halitta, gami da samfuran halitta masu aiki a fannin halitta da magunguna. Ana samun su a cikin mahimman mahadi kamar morphine, dopamine da duk furotin. Saboda haka, samar da alkylamines yana da matuƙar muhimmanci ga haɗa sabbin magunguna masu kyau. Wannan aikin ya mayar da hankali ne kan amfani da tsaka-tsakin alkylborane don ƙirƙirar haɗin nitrogen-carbon na alkylamines. An san hydroboration na alkenes tare da borane (BH3) sannan oxidation tare da hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Mun ba da shawarar amfani da wannan tsaka-tsakin alkylborane sannan kuma amfani da daidaikun nitrogen na hydrogen peroxide don samar da damar shiga alkylamines daga alkenes. Zaɓin wurin anti-Markovnikov yayi kama da hydroboroxidation. An gudanar da aikin sarrafa oxidation ta hanyar hydroboration cikin nasara akan transtilbene. Ana haɓaka yanayin gwaji mai inganci don halayen da ake so a halin yanzu.
Ana iya amfani da halayen da ƙarfe masu canzawa ke haifarwa wajen haɗa magunguna, kayan aiki (robobi), da mai. Tsarin da na'urorin lantarki na phosphone ligands da aka haɗa zuwa cibiyoyin ƙarfe masu sauyawa na iya yin tasiri sosai ga amsawar masu haɓakawa. Wannan binciken ya mayar da hankali ne kan haɗa sabbin ligands na phosphine don sabbin halayen da ƙarfe masu sauyawa ke haifarwa. An haɗa trialkylphosphine ligand diethyl tert-butylphosphine mai amsawa sosai kuma an kare shi azaman adduct na borane daga phosphorus trichloride da reagents na Grignard masu dacewa a cikin jimlar yawan amfanin ƙasa na 66% (matakai 4). An gano cewa tasirin steric da lantarki na reagents na Grignard suna da tasiri mai mahimmanci akan amsawa da zaɓi na martanin matakai uku na ƙari na nucleophilic zuwa cibiyoyin phosphorus (III). Aikin nan gaba zai mayar da hankali kan haɓaka hanyar gabaɗaya don shirya adducts na trialkylphosphine borane da ake so daga phosphorus trichloride a cikin yawan amfanin ƙasa mai yawa.
Muna haɓaka sabuwar hanya don ƙirƙirar na'urorin microfluidic ta amfani da wayoyin ƙarfe a matsayin samfura. Ana amfani da na'urorin microfluidic a gwaje-gwajen likita da sauran gwaje-gwaje na yau da kullun, amma tsadar samfuri mai yawa yana iyakance amfani da su a wurare marasa amfani kamar sunadarai na halitta. Hanyarmu tana amfani da kayayyaki masu araha (waya Mg, PDMS da HCl) don yin ƙira da gina na'urorin microfluidic. Muna gwada halayen na'urar microfluidic ɗinmu kuma muna fatan fara gwada halayen halitta da haɓaka ƙarin fasali tare da na'urar microfluidic ɗinmu nan ba da jimawa ba.
Jacob Anderson, Russell Grimshaw, Adam Hendrickson, Allen Hamekki, Jeremy Leonard da Roger Greener* Sashen Fasahar Injiniya da Gudanar da Gine-gine
Firintocin 3D sun yi tsada sosai wajen saya da aiki tun lokacin da aka fara ƙirƙiro su. An samu ci gaba mai yawa a fannin firintocin 3D a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, wanda ya haifar da ƙarancin farashin siye. Hakanan yana ƙirƙirar nau'ikan ƙira iri-iri. Muna ganin ci gaban fannin firintocin 3D a matsayin dama ta bincika ayyukan da ake ci gaba da yi da kuma gina firintocin 3D da kanmu. Wannan firintocin 3D ba wai kawai yana da araha ba, har ma yana haɗa mafi kyawun ƙira da waɗanda muka ƙirƙira da kanmu.
Masana'antar kekunan dutse tana bunƙasa kowace shekara kuma tare da wannan ci gaban, ana buƙatar sabbin fasahohi. Kekunan tsaunukan da ke ƙasa suna kan gaba wajen ƙirƙira sabbin abubuwa a fannin ƙarfin kayan aiki, kayan aiki masu sauƙi, tsarin firam da kuma aikin dakatarwa.
Ni da Scott Hansen mun fara ƙirƙirar sabon firam ɗin kekuna na dutse mai saukowa tare da kyakkyawan dakatarwa da sarrafawa. Tsarin yana amfani da tsarin turawa mai sauƙi wanda ke juya kyamarori biyu don tuƙa dakatarwar baya yayin da tayar baya ke motsawa sama da ƙasa da inci 8 na tafiya. Wannan ƙirar hannu yana ba da damar sanya girgizar baya ƙasa gwargwadon iko a cikin firam ɗin, wanda ke haifar da ƙarancin tsakiyar nauyi da kuma kyakkyawan sarrafawa. Da zarar an kammala ƙirar, za mu fara gina firam na samfuri tare da bututun chrome. Da zarar an shirya firam ɗin, za a haɗa babur ɗin daga abubuwan aluminum da carbon fiber masu sauƙi da aka bayar ko aka saya. Babban burin shine ƙirƙirar babur mai ɗorewa, mai sauƙi, mai cikakken aiki kamar waɗanda aka yi tsere a da'irar UCI Downhill World Cup.
Caitlin Torgersen, Erin Carter, Cynthia Wright, Ph.D.* da Nika Clark* Sashen Noma da Kimiyyar Abinci
Ciwon metabolism yana bayyana rukuni na abubuwan haɗari waɗanda ke ƙara haɗarin cututtukan zuciya da jijiyoyin jini, ciwon suga na nau'in 2, ko bugun jini. Waɗannan abubuwan haɗari sun haɗa da hawan jini, yawan sukari a cikin jini, ƙaruwar kewayen kugu, da kuma matakan cholesterol marasa kyau. Ciwon metabolism yana faruwa ne lokacin da uku ko fiye daga cikin waɗannan yanayi suka kasance a lokaci guda. A cewar Ƙungiyar Zuciya ta Amurka, kashi 35% na manya a Amurka suna da ciwon metabolism (Ƙungiyar, 2011). Wannan binciken ya tantance malamai da mata na Jami'ar Kudancin Utah (SUU) don kasancewar ko haɗarin kamuwa da ciwon metabolism (tare da dalilai uku masu haɗari) ko haɗarin kamuwa da ciwon metabolism (tare da dalilai biyu masu haɗari). A cikin haɗin gwiwa da shirin kiwon lafiya na SUU T-fit, an gwada mahalarta 189. Fiye da kashi 33% na mahalarta suna da ciwon metabolism, kuma wasu 21.7% suna cikin haɗarin kamuwa da ciwon metabolism, kamar yadda aka tabbatar da kasancewar abubuwa biyu masu haɗari. Bugu da ƙari, an gudanar da bincike don tantance abubuwan rayuwa waɗanda ka iya taimakawa wajen haɓaka ciwon metabolism. An yi amfani da SPSS 21.0 don nazarin bayanai da ke nuna cewa akwai abubuwa da yawa na salon rayuwa waɗanda ke ƙara haɗarin kamuwa da ciwon metabolism.
Kaylie Briggs, Samantha Hirschi, Sarah Miller, Kylie Stringham, Artis Grady, Ph.D.*, Matthew Schmidt, Ph.D.* Sashen Noma da Kimiyyar Abinci
Cin mai mai yawa a cikin abincin talakawan Amurka matsala ce da ke ci gaba da faruwa a cikin al'ummar masu cin abinci. Ta hanyar rage yawan shan mai a cikin abinci, nasarar haɓaka abinci mai ƙarancin mai wanda jama'a za su iya yi na iya haifar da muhimmiyar tasiri ga yaƙi da cututtukan zuciya da kiba. Masu binciken sun gwada da sinadarai daban-daban na yau da kullun (puree apple, yogurt, wake puree, da sauransu) waɗanda aka yi amfani da su azaman madadin mai don samar da samfuran kayan zaki guda huɗu masu ƙarancin mai a cikin girke-girke masu shahara. 56-73% ƙasa da girke-girke na asali. Mahalarta masu sa kai hamsin da shida, masu shekaru 18 zuwa 31, mata 37 da maza 19, sun ɗanɗani kowane kayan zaki kuma sun gudanar da ɗan taƙaitaccen kimantawa na samfurin. Matsakaicin maki na karɓuwa a cikin abinci akan sikelin maki 7 (daga 1 wanda ba a so sosai zuwa 7 mai kama da haka) sune 4.83 (kek), 5.20 (kukis ɗin oatmeal), 5.45 (muffins masu yaji), da 5.49 (kukis ɗin cakulan). Bayan an gaya musu cewa abincin yana da ƙarancin kitse, kaso na mahalarta waɗanda har yanzu suka ga abincin ya dace da su sune: kukis ɗin cakulan (96%), kukis ɗin oatmeal (93%), muffins masu kayan ƙanshi (75%), da brownies (64%). ). Lokacin da aka tambayi mahalarta game da sinadaran da aka saba amfani da su waɗanda za su iya maye gurbin kitse a cikin abincin gasa, mahalarta ba su da masaniya. Sun gano yiwuwar applesauce da yogurt daidai, amma ba daidai ba sun ba da shawarar madadin sukari, madara, margarine, fulawar hatsi gaba ɗaya, da sukari mai launin ruwan kasa. Duk da cewa wannan al'umma ta sami abincin da aka gwada mai ƙarancin kitse, suna iya amfana daga koyo game da madadin mai da ya dace da kuma yadda za a yi amfani da su a girke-girke a matsayin dabarar rage yawan kitse a abinci.
Eric Carter, Aubrey Lyman, Robert Miguel, Ryland Morrill, Kashaana Renfro, Dallen Whitney, da Cynthia Wright, Ph.D.* Sashen Noma da Kimiyyar Abinci
Ciwon ƙashi cuta ce da aka saba gani wadda ke faruwa da karyewar ƙashi da yawa. Ya fi faruwa a kashin baya, kwatangwalo, ko wuyan hannu kuma yana iya haifar da mummunan rauni ko mutuwa. An kiyasta cewa yawan cutar ƙashi a Amurka zai ƙaru daga kusan miliyan 10 zuwa sama da miliyan 14 nan da shekarar 2012 (bisa ga bayanan ƙidayar jama'a na 2000). Tare da yawan ƙashi a lokacin ƙuruciya, haɗarin kamuwa da cutar ƙashi yana raguwa. Shiga cikin motsa jiki, kamar wasannin motsa jiki, galibi yana da alaƙa da ƙaruwar yawan ƙashi.
Aikin binciken ya binciki waɗannan tambayoyi: Shin yawan ƙashi na mutum yana canzawa idan ya shiga cikin motsa jiki?
Wannan binciken ya gano alaƙa mai kyau tsakanin motsa jiki na rayuwa da yawan ma'adanai na ƙashi, yana nuna cewa mutanen da ke motsa jiki a tsawon rayuwarsu suna da yawan ƙashi mai yawa fiye da mutanen da ke da ƙarancin aiki a rayuwarsu. . Mutanen da ba sa motsa jiki a jiki suna da yuwuwar samun ƙarancin ƙashi (kimanin kashi 10% na yawanmu) fiye da mutanen da ke da ƙarancin aiki, matsakaici da kuma yawan aiki. Nazarin ya nuna cewa yayin da matakan aiki ke ƙaruwa, yuwuwar yawan ƙashi na yau da kullun ko mai yawa yana ƙaruwa.
Dr. Portia Terry, Megan Beasley da Cynthia Wright* Sashen Kimiyyar Noma da Abinci
A Amurka, kashi 35.7% na manya suna da kiba ko kiba (cdc.gov). Ana tsammanin abubuwa da dama ne ke haifar da wannan annoba, kamar wadatar abinci da girman rabo. Wannan binciken ya tantance tasirin hanyoyin koyar da abinci mai gina jiki kan ilimin abinci mai gina jiki da halayyar cin abinci. A cikin wannan binciken, an nemi ɗaliban da suka yi rajista a wani kwas na abinci mai gina jiki gabaɗaya su kammala bincike kafin da bayan game da ilimin game da ɗabi'ar cin abinci da girman rabo. Bayan gwajin kafin, masu binciken sun ba wa ɗaliban bayanai game da girman rabo. Makonni uku bayan haka, an ba wa ɗaliban bayan gwaji don tantance canje-canjen. Sauran mahalarta malamai ne da mata da maza waɗanda suka halarci tantance lafiyar Jami'ar Kudancin Utah. Malamai da matansu sun kammala bincike ɗaya kawai kuma ba su sami wani abun ciki na ilimi ba. Jimilla, ɗalibai 260 da ma'aikata/malamai/matan aure 190 sun shiga cikin binciken. An yi nazarin bayanan ta amfani da bugu na 21 na Kunshin Kididdiga don Kimiyyar Zamani. An yi gwaje-gwajen t-biyu a kan gwaje-gwajen kafin da kuma bayan ɗalibai, kuma an yi amfani da gwaje-gwajen t-mita masu zaman kansu don kwatanta martanin ɗalibai da ma'aikata/malamai/ma'aurata. Ana sa ran sakamako zai fito.
Dokta Fabiola Perez, Joshua Sagisi, Emanuel Williams, Jan-Andro Hakob da Cindy Wright* Sashen Kimiyyar Noma da Abinci
Nuna kasancewar ƙwayoyin cuta na E. coli a cikin kowane samfurin ruwa zai ba ku damar duba ingancin ruwan kwalba da na famfo. Kwayoyin cuta na Coliforms suna nuna ƙwayoyin cuta daga tushen ƙwayoyin cuta iri ɗaya waɗanda ke gano kasancewar ƙwayoyin cuta da yawa. Ba a ba da shawarar a sa ido kan wasu ƙwayoyin cuta don kasancewar wasu ƙwayoyin cuta masu haɗari saboda bambancin wurin da suke ba. (Byamukama da Kanshiime et al., 1999). E. coli na iya rayuwa a cikin ruwan sha na tsawon makonni 4 zuwa 12 dangane da yanayin muhalli (Rice, Karlin, Allen, 2012). Za a gwada nau'ikan ruwan kwalba goma daban-daban don ƙwayoyin cuta na E. coli, da kuma ruwan famfo daga gidaje goma daban-daban. Kowace nau'in ruwan kwalba da ruwan famfo don amfani a gida an gabatar da su sau uku. A lokaci guda, ana sanya adadi mai yawa na samfuran ruwa a cikin incubator don bincike da ƙarfafa haɓakar ƙwayoyin cuta. Wannan zai ƙayyade tsarkin kowane samfurin. Za a sanya samfuran a cikin ɗaki mai duhu inda za a yi amfani da hasken UV don haskaka samfuran don gano kasancewar E. coli. (Rice, Carlin, Allen, 2012).
Duwatsun San Francisco da ke kudu maso yammacin Utah an haƙa su sosai a cikin 'yan shekarun da suka gabata. Haƙar ma'adinai galibi yana cikin ƙananan monzonites na ƙasa, waɗanda ke shiga cikin duwatsun Paleozoic. Albarkatu masu yawa suna faruwa a kan manyan kurakurai guda biyu masu wadataccen ma'adinan hydrothermal porphyry, amma ba a rubuta mahadar waɗannan lahani sosai ba saboda rashin kyawun fitowar duwatsu. Tare da aiki tare da wani kamfanin haƙar ma'adinai na gida, ɗaliban Kudancin Utah sun fara taswirar farko don gano da kuma tantance wannan matsewar lahani kafin su ci gaba da binciken. Mun zana taswirar wurin da karaya ta bayyana ta amfani da na'urar Triton Juno GPS kuma mun auna yawan su da yanayin karyewar ta amfani da ma'auni da kamfas na Brenton. Sakamakon zane-zanen fure, sitiriyograms da taswira suna nuna kasancewar matsewar a cikin yankin binciken. Yawan karyewar yana ƙaruwa yayin da ake kusantar matsewar, musamman a kan ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin karyewar, kuma yawanci ma'adinan da aka keɓe tare da lahani. Muna ba da shawarar ƙarin bincike a cikin nau'in haƙar ma'adinai a matsewar ma'adinai don tantance yuwuwar amfani da tattalin arziki.
An yi binciken ma'adanai a tsaunukan Huahua kusa da Minasville, Utah tsawon shekaru da suka gabata. Albarkatu suna da yawa a cikin lahani na porphyritic da aka canza ta hanyar hydrothermal, galibi inda ake shigar da monzonites na tertiary quartz cikin duwatsun Paleozoic. Baya ga Tertiary magmatism, tsaunukan Huahua suna nuna babban ƙarfin Late Cretaceous orogeny na Seville, wanda ya sanya duwatsun sedimentary na Paleozoic a saman duwatsun sedimentary na Tsakiyar Cretaceous. A lokacin aikin taswirar tsari a yankin, an gano cewa dutsen sandstone na Navajo a ƙarƙashin Blue Mountains Thrust ya sami hydrothermal silicification, wanda hakan ya sa ya yi kama da quartzite. Bayan an yi bincike sosai, an gano wasu ma'adanai na hydrothermal. Waɗannan sakamakon sun canza mayar da hankali kan binciken daga yin rikodin ilimin ƙasa zuwa yin rikodin canje-canje na hydrothermal na musamman a cikin duwatsun sandstone na Navajo.
Wannan binciken ya haɗa da hanyoyi masu zuwa. A yankin tsaunukan Blue Mountains, ana ci gaba da bincike don gano ma'adanai kusa da lokacin Sevier. An tattara samfuran dutse na Jurassic Navajo kuma an yi siririn sassa don nazarin abubuwan da ke cikin ƙarfe na dutsen. Samfuran da aka samo kusa da ƙarshen gabashin Blue Mountains Thrust Fault sun ƙunshi quartz, hematite, da sauran ƙananan ƙarfe. Ma'adinan ba shi da wadata sosai, amma tare da ƙaruwar zurfin, tarin ƙarfe a cikin jijiyoyin na iya zama da yawa. Ana buƙatar ƙarin bincike, kamar nazarin nauyi da bayanai na asali, don tantance ƙimar ma'adinan.
Spencer Francisco, John S. McLean, Ph.D.*, da kuma Michael Hofmann, Ph.D.*, Sashen Kimiyyar Jiki
Littattafan Littafi a kudu maso gabashin Utah sun kasance filin wasa na tsawon tsararraki na masana kimiyyar ƙasa mai zurfi. An yi nazari sosai kan yawancin wuraren da ke kewaye da su saboda suna da kyau ga wasu wuraren adana ruwa na ƙasa, na teku da na ƙasa. Duk da haka, yawancin wuraren da ke kewaye da su suna ba da hotuna 2D kawai kuma ba za su iya kwatanta tsarin stratigraphic da bambancin fuskoki ba. A cikin wannan binciken, mun gabatar da bayanai daga sabbin wuraren da ke kewaye da su daga Upper Cretaceous Price Canyon, Castlegate da Blackhawk Formations. Binciken, wani ɓangare na haɗin gwiwa tsakanin Jami'ar Kudancin Utah da Jami'ar Montana, ya mayar da hankali kan siffanta tsarin ƙasa na 3D da bambancin waɗannan siffofi daga jerin abubuwan da ke kewaye da su. Abubuwan da ke kewaye da su a nan sun ƙunshi adadi mai yawa na wuraren da ke kewaye da su waɗanda ke da alaƙa da wuraren bakin teku da na bakin teku. Duwatsun da ke da alaƙa da wuraren da aka samar da Blackhawk Formation sun ƙunshi fitattun faci na fararen dutse, mai laushi, mai gado da kuma mai giciye tare da kyawawan laminations na ƙasa waɗanda aka raba ta launin toka zuwa baƙi masu jujjuyawa da duwatsun laka, duwatsun silt mai launin toka, da kuma ɗinkin kwal.
Mun fassara waɗannan fakitin a matsayin waɗanda ke wakiltar sauyawa daga yanayin bakin teku/ƙasa mai faɗi wanda hanyoyin ruwa suka mamaye zuwa yanayin ruwa mai cikakken ƙarfi a lokacin Castlegate. Kauri na jikin yashi (girman tashar) ya bambanta da lokaci, tare da tashoshi masu layi da yawa suna haɗuwa akai-akai a cikin tazara ta Castlegate. Bincike zai ci gaba, yana farawa da nazarin tsari na sauran tsakiya kuma ya ƙare da jerin ayyukan ɗalibai akan nazarin fuskoki da ƙirar fuskokin 3D.
Masu bincike na baya sun gabatar da wata hanya ta amfani da fasahar tectonics mai faranti biyu a duniyar Mars bisa ga canjin canjin hannun hagu na Mariner Valley. Ta amfani da hanyoyi kamar hotunan tauraron dan adam na Thermal Imaging System (THEMIS), hotunan tauraron dan adam na High Resolution Science Imaging Experiment (HiRISE), samfuran tsayin dijital, da software masu hulɗa kamar Google Mars, mun gano wasu manyan fasalulluka na saman da ke kusa a cikin Marineris Valley. . da Tarsis Ryze. Kodayake motsin tectonic yana da jinkiri sosai a duniyar Mars, za mu iya kwatanta layuka, naɗewa, da mahaɗar haɗin Mars tare da sifofi iri ɗaya a Duniya don bayyana iyakokin faranti masu yuwuwa. Misali, saitin layukan NE tare da babban motsi na zamewa a gefe da mahaɗar da ke da alaƙa a arewa maso gabashin Tarshish Rise na iya ɗaukar matsuguni tsakanin faranti biyu. Abubuwan da muka lura sun sa ya yiwu a gano aƙalla gefuna biyu na faranti masu yuwuwa a wannan yanki. Muna ba da shawarar samfurin tectonic wanda ke nuna motsi na dangi tare da iyakokin faranti wanda ke nuna tsarin faranti da yawa akan duniyar Mars.
A cikin rarrabuwar yanayi ta Köppen, yanayi ko yanayi na B an bayyana shi a matsayin yanayi inda tururi ya wuce hazo. Duk da haka, bai bayar da tsarin lissafi na hukuma ba. Mun gabatar da sabon suna, yiwuwar yawan ruwan sama (PEP), a matsayin hanya mai dacewa don fayyace yankunan da ke da bushewa da danshi. Darajar PEP daidai take da ainihin adadin ruwan sama ban da yuwuwar evapotranspiration (POTET). Idan ƙimar PEP ta kasance tabbatacce, yanayin tashar shine A, C, ko D, amma idan ƙimar PEP ta kasance korau, yanayin tashar shine B. Amfani da ƙimar PEP yana ba wa kowane tasha ƙimar kyau ko korau wadda za a iya zana ta, kuma siffa mara kyau ta bayyana iyaka mai-bushe da rigar rabin-ruwa.
Tsarin Kaiparowitz, wanda ke kudu maso tsakiyar Utah, yana riƙe da tarihin ambaliyar ruwa ta Late Cretaceous wanda ya malalo daga tsaunukan La Ramedia zuwa cikin Yammacin Ruwa na Inland. Tsarin yana da wadataccen burbushin halittu kuma yana ɗauke da shuke-shuken burbushin halittu, marasa kaciya, kifi, halittu masu ruwa da ruwa, dabbobi masu rarrafe da dabbobi masu shayarwa, waɗanda da yawa daga cikinsu sababbi ne ga kimiyya. An riga an bayyana manyan fassarori na wannan samuwar a matsayin wuraren da ruwa da ambaliyar ruwa ke taruwa waɗanda ke ɗauke da ma'adinan fadama da tafki daban-daban. Wannan binciken ya ba da cikakken bayanin sedimentological na ƙaramin wurin hakar burbushin tsirrai kuma ya bayyana yanayin wurin ajiye burbushin halittu.