Kusukela kumaketanga e-robotic drive kuya kumabhande okuthutha emisebenzini ye-supply chain kuya ekuzulazuleni kwemibhoshongo ye-turbine yomoya, ukuzwa isikhundla kuwumsebenzi obalulekile ezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlelo zokusebenza.Kungathatha izinhlobo eziningi, kufaka phakathi i-linear, rotary, angular, absolute, incremental, contact kanye nezinzwa ezingaxhunywanga. i-potentiometric, inductive, eddy current, capacitive, magnetostrictive, Hall effect, fibre optic, optical kanye ne-ultrasonic.
Le FAQ inikeza isingeniso esifushane ezinhlotsheni ezihlukahlukene zokuzwa indawo, bese ibuyekeza uhla lobuchwepheshe abaklami abangakhetha kubo lapho benza isixazululo senzwa yendawo.
Izinzwa zokuma kwe-Potentiometric zingamadivayisi asekelwe ekumelaneni ahlanganisa ithrekhi eqinile yokumelana nesesula esinamathiselwe entweni okumele ukuma kwayo kuzwakale.Ukunyakaza kwento kugudluza ama-wiper ethrekhi.Indawo yento ilinganiswa kusetshenziswa inethiwekhi yesihlukanisi se-voltage eyakhiwe ngamarayili nama-wiper ukuze kulinganiswe ukunyakaza okuqondile noma okuzungezayo nge-voltage ye-DC engaguquki (Umfanekiso 1, inzwa evamile ye-Pote inenani eliphansi kodwa inzwa ye-Potetyometric iphansi). ukuphindaphinda.
Izinzwa zokuma kwe-inductive zisebenzisa izinguquko ezimpahleni zikazibuthe ezitholwe kukhoyili yenzwa.Ngokuya ngesakhiwo sazo, zingakala indawo eqondile noma ezungezayo.Izinzwa ze-Linear Variable Differential Transformer (LVDT) zisebenzisa amakhoyili amathathu asongelwe eshubhuni elingenalutho; ikhoyili eyisisekelo namakhoyili amabili esibili.Amakhoyili axhunywe ochungechungeni, futhi ubudlelwano besigaba sekhoyili yesibili buyi-180° ngaphandle kwesigaba ngokuphathelene nekhoyili eyinhloko.Umehluko we-ferromagnetic obizwa ngokuthi i-armature ufakwa ngaphakathi kweshubhu futhi uxhunywe entweni esendaweni elinganiswayo.I-voltage ye-excitation isetshenziswa kukhoyili eyinhloko futhi amandla kazibuthe kagesi kagesi (i-EMF) i-electromagnetic forcering (EMF) i-coil yesibili ye-coil. amakhoyili, ukuma okuhlobene kwe-armature kanye nokuthi yini enamathiselwe kukho kunganqunywa.I-rotating voltage differential transformer (RVDT) isebenzisa indlela efanayo ukuze ilandelele indawo ezungezayo.Izinzwa ze-LVDT ne-RVDT zinikeza ukunemba okuhle, ukuhambisana, ukuxazulula nokuzwela okuphezulu.Azikhuni futhi zingavalwa ukuze zisetshenziswe ezindaweni ezinokhahlo.
Izinzwa zamanje ze-Eddy zisebenza nezinto eziqhubayo.Amaza ohlobo lwe-Eddy amaza okushintshana avela ezintweni ezihambisayo lapho kukhona indawo kazibuthe eshintshayo.Lawa magagasi ageleza endaweni eyiluphu evaliwe futhi akhiqize indawo yesibili kazibuthe.Izinzwa zamanje ze-Eddy zihlanganisa amakhoyili namasekhethi omugqa.I-current eshintshanayo inika amandla ikhoyili ukuze yenze ikhoyili idale inzwa yayo eyinhloko noma igudluze into ethile isebenzisa inzwa kazibuthe. ukusebenzisana kwenkambu yesibili ekhiqizwa ama-eddy currents, okuthinta ukuthintana kwekhoyili.Njengoba into isondela kukhoyili, ukulahlekelwa kwamanje kwe-eddy kuyanda futhi i-oscillating voltage iba mncane (Umfanekiso 2) .I-voltage e-oscillating iyalungiswa futhi icutshungulwe yisekethe ye-linearizer ukuze kukhiqizwe ukuphuma kwe-DC eqondile ngokulingana nebanga le-oscillating.
Amadivayisi amanje e-Eddy aqinile, angaxhumene nawo ngokuvamile asetshenziswa njengezinzwa ze-proximity.Angama-omnidirectional futhi angakwazi ukucacisa ibanga elihlobene ukuya entweni, kodwa hhayi isiqondiso noma ibanga eliphelele eliya entweni.
Njengoba igama liphakamisa, izinzwa ze-capacitive position zikala izinguquko kukhono lokunquma indawo yento ezwayo.Lezi zinzwa ezingathinteki zingasetshenziswa ukukala indawo yomugqa noma yokuzungezisa.Zihlanganisa amapuleti amabili ahlukaniswe i-dielectric material futhi asebenzise indlela eyodwa kwezimbili ukuthola indawo yento:
Ukuze kubangele ushintsho ku-dielectric constant, into okumele kubonwe isikhundla sayo inamathiselwe ku-dielectric material.Njengoba impahla ye-dielectric ihamba, i-dielectric constant esebenzayo ye-capacitor iyashintsha ngenxa yokuhlanganiswa kwendawo ye-dielectric material kanye ne-dielectric constant yomoya.Okunye, into ingaxhunywa kupuleti elilodwa lezinto ezihambayo, noma i-capacitor inyakaza. kude, futhi ushintsho lwamandla lusetshenziselwa ukunquma indawo ehlobene.
Izinzwa ezinamandla zingakwazi ukukala ukufuduka, ibanga, indawo kanye nobukhulu bezinto.Ngenxa yokuqina nokulungiswa kwesignali ephezulu, izinzwa ze-capacitive displacement zisetshenziswa endaweni yaselabhorethri neyezimboni.Isibonelo, izinzwa ze-capacitive zisetshenziselwa ukukala ukushuba kwefilimu kanye nezinhlelo zokunamathela ezinqubweni ezizenzakalelayo.Emishinini yezimboni, zisetshenziselwa ukuqapha ukufuduka kanye nendawo yamathuluzi.
I-Magnetostriction iyisici sezinto ze-ferromagnetic ezibangela ukuthi impahla ishintshe usayizi noma ukuma kwayo lapho kusetshenziswa indawo kazibuthe.Kunzwa yesikhundla samagnetostrictive, uzibuthe wendawo ogudlukayo unamathiselwe entweni elinganiswayo.Iqukethe i-waveguide ehlanganisa izintambo ezithwala ama-pulses amanje, axhunywe kwinzwa etholakala ekugcineni kwe-waveguide3se, i-Figu i-waveguide yamanje ithumela phansi). inkambu idalwe ocingweni olusebenzisana ne-axial magnetic field uzibuthe unomphela (umazibuthe ku-cylinder piston, Umfanekiso 3a). Ukusebenzisana kwensimu kubangelwa ukusonteka (umphumela we-Wiedemann), ohlunga ucingo, okhiqiza i-acoustic pulse esakaza eduze kwe-waveguide futhi itholwe yi-waveg i-waveab esekupheleni kwenzwa. isikhathi esidlulile phakathi kokuqalwa kwe-pulse yamanje kanye nokutholwa kwe-acoustic pulse, isikhundla esihlobene ne-position magnet ngakho-ke into ingalinganiswa (Fig. 3c).
Izinzwa zokuma kazibuthe izinzwa okungezona ukuthintana ezisetshenziselwa ukuthola indawo yomugqa.Ama-Waveguides avame ukufakwa ensimbi engagqwali noma kumashubhu e-aluminium, okwenza lezi zinzwa zisetshenziswe ezindaweni ezingcolile noma ezimanzi.
Uma i-conductor eyisicaba izacile ibekwe endaweni kazibuthe, noma yikuphi ukugeleza kwamanje kuvame ukwakha ohlangothini olulodwa lwekhondatha, okwenza umehluko ongaba khona obizwa ngokuthi i-voltage yaseHholo. i-voltage yaseHholo eshintshayo.Ngokulinganisa amandla kagesi eHholo, indawo yento inganqunywa.Kunezinzwa ezikhethekile zokuma kweHall-effect ezinganquma indawo yobukhulu obuthathu (Umfanekiso 4).Izinzwa zokuma kweHall-effect zingamathuluzi okungewona othintana naye anikeza ukwethembeka okuphezulu nokuzwa ngokushesha, futhi asebenza ebangeni lokushisa elibanzi.Zisetshenziswa kuhlelo lokusebenza lwezimoto, lwezimboni, lwezokwelapha nolwezimboni.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyisisekelo zezinzwa ze-fiber optic.Kuzinzwa ze-fiber optic zangaphakathi, i-fiber isetshenziswa njenge-elementi yokuzwa.Kuzinzwa ze-fiber optic zangaphandle, i-fiber optics ihlanganiswa nobunye ubuchwepheshe benzwa ukuze kudluliselwe isignali kuma-electronics akude ukuze acutshungulwe.Esimeni sokukalwa kwendawo ye-fiber optic, idivayisi efana ne-optical time domain reflectometer ingasetshenziswa ukuze kutholwe ukulibaziseka kwesizinda se-waves. i-optical frequency domain reflectometer.Izinzwa ze-Fiber optic azikwazi ukuphazanyiswa yi-electromagnetic, zingaklanywa ukuthi zisebenze emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, futhi azihambisani, ngakho-ke zingasetshenziswa eduze nomfutho ophezulu noma izinto ezivuthayo.
Enye inzwa ye-fiber-optic esekelwe kubuchwepheshe be-fiber Bragg grating (FBG) nayo ingase isetshenziselwe ukulinganisa indawo.I-FBG isebenza njengesihlungi se-notch, ebonisa ingxenye encane yokukhanya egxile ku-Bragg wavelength (λB) lapho ikhanyiswa ukukhanya okubanzi okubanzi. ukutsheka, ukufuduka, ukusheshisa nomthwalo.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zezinzwa ze-optical position, ezaziwa nangokuthi ama-optical encoder.Kwesinye isimo, ukukhanya kuthunyelwa kumamukeli ngakolunye uhlangothi lwenzwa.Ohlotsheni lwesibili, isignali yokukhanya ekhishiwe iboniswa into egadiwe futhi ibuyiselwe emthonjeni wokukhanya.Ngokuya ngedizayini yenzwa, izinguquko ezimpahleni zokukhanya, ezifana nobude be-wavelength, ukushuba, isigaba noma into esekelwe ekunqumeni indawo ye-polarization, i-polarization ye-polarization iyasetshenziswa. izinzwa ziyatholakala ngomugqa kanye nokunyakaza okujikelezayo.Lezi zinzwa ziwela ezigabeni ezintathu eziyinhloko; izishumeki ze-optical transmissive, izifaki khodi ezikhanyayo, nezishumeki ze-interferometric optical.
Izinzwa zesimo se-Ultrasonic zisebenzisa ama-piezoelectric crystal transducers ukuze zikhiphe amaza e-ultrasonic avamile.Inzwa ikala umsindo obonisiwe.Izinzwa ze-Ultrasonic zingasetshenziswa njengezinzwa ezilula zokusondelana, noma imiklamo eyinkimbinkimbi inganikeza ulwazi oluhlukahlukene.Izinzwa zokuma kwe-Ultrasonic zisebenza nezinto eziqondiwe zezinto ezihlukahlukene nezici ezingaphezulu, futhi zingakwazi ukubona izinhlobo eziningi zezinzwa ezikwazi ukumelana nebanga kunezinzwa ezincane. ukudlidliza, umsindo we-ambient, imisebe ye-infrared kanye nokuphazamiseka kazibuthe. Izibonelo zezinhlelo zokusebenza ezisebenzisa izinzwa zendawo ezisebenza nge-ultrasonic zihlanganisa ukutholwa kweleveli yoketshezi, ukubala ngesivinini esikhulu kwezinto, amasistimu wokuzulazula ngamarobhothi, nokuzwa kwezimoto. kanye namasignali okucubungula (Umfanekiso 5).
Izinzwa zokuma zingakala umugqa ophelele noma ohlobene, ukunyakaza okuzungezayo kanye ne-angular kwezinto.Izinzwa zokuma zingakala ukunyakaza kwamadivayisi njengama-actuator noma amamotho.Zisetshenziswa futhi kumapulatifomu eselula njengamarobhothi nezimoto.Kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe obuhlukahlukene ezinzwa zokuma ezinenhlanganisela ehlukahlukene yokuqina kwemvelo, izindleko, ukunemba, ukunemba, nokunye.
I-3D Magnetic Position Sensors, Allegro MicrosystemsUkuhlaziya kanye Nokuthuthukisa Ukuvikeleka Kwezinzwa Ze-Ultrasonic Zezimoto Ezizihambelayo, IEEE Internet of Things Journal Ungakhetha kanjani inzwa yesikhundla, I-Cambridge Integrated CircuitsIzinhlobo zezinzwa ze-Ixthus InstrumentationIyini inzwa yendawo eguquguqukayo?, I-KeyenceSensitiveK Iyini I-PosineSensitive
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