Kuva kumurongo wimashini ya robo kugeza kumukandara wa convoyeur mugikorwa cyo gutanga amasoko kugeza kunyeganyeza iminara ya turbine yumuyaga, kumva imyanya nigikorwa cyingenzi mubikorwa byinshi.Bishobora gufata uburyo bwinshi, burimo umurongo, kuzunguruka, inguni, byimazeyo, kwiyongera, guhuza no guhuza ibyuma byifashishwa. ingaruka, fibre optique, optique na ultrasonic.
Ibi bibazo bitanga intangiriro yuburyo butandukanye bwo kumva imyanya, hanyuma usubiremo urutonde rwikoranabuhanga abashushanya bashobora guhitamo mugihe bashyira mubikorwa igisubizo.
Imyanya yumwanya wa potentiometrike ni ibikoresho bishingiye kubirwanya bihuza inzira ihamye yo kurwanya hamwe na wiper ifatanye nikintu gikeneye kumvikana.Igikorwa cyikintu cyimura abahanagura kumurongo.Ikibanza cyikintu gipimwa hifashishijwe umuyoboro uhuza amashanyarazi ukorwa na gari ya moshi na wipers kugirango bapime umurongo ugororotse cyangwa uzenguruka hamwe na voltage ihamye (isanamu 1).
Indorerezi yimyanya ikoresha ikoresha impinduka mumiterere yumurima wa magneti utewe na sensor coil. Ukurikije imyubakire yabo, barashobora gupima umurongo cyangwa guhinduranya. igiceri cyibanze hamwe na coil ebyiri za kabiri.Ibishishwa bihujwe murukurikirane, kandi isano yicyiciro cya coil ya kabiri ni 180 ° hanze yicyiciro kubijyanye na coil primaire.Ingingo ya ferromagnetic yitwa armature ishyirwa imbere muri tube kandi igahuzwa nikintu ahantu hapimirwa.Umubyigano wo kwishima ushyirwa kumwanya wa kabiri hamwe nimbaraga za electronique (EMF) iterwa na coil ya kabiri. armature nicyo ifatanyijemo irashobora kugenwa. Impinduka ya voltage itandukanye ya transformateur (RVDT) ikoresha tekinike imwe kugirango ikurikirane umwanya uzunguruka.Icyuma cya LVDT na RVDT gitanga ubunyangamugayo bwiza, umurongo, gukemura no kwiyumvisha ibintu byinshi.Biravanze kandi birashobora gufungwa kugirango bikoreshwe ahantu habi.
Eddy yimyanya yimyanya ikora hamwe nibintu bitwara.Eddy yimyuka iterwa ningaruka ziboneka mubikoresho bitwara imbere yumurima wa magneti uhinduka.Iyi miyoboro itembera mumuzinga ufunze kandi ikabyara umurima wa magneti wa kabiri. n'umuyaga wa eddy, bigira ingaruka kumpanuka ya coil.Nkuko ikintu cyegereye igiceri, igihombo cya eddy kigenda cyiyongera kandi n’umuvuduko w’umuvuduko ukabije uba muto (Ishusho 2) .Umubyigano wa oscillating ukosorwa kandi ugatunganywa numuzunguruko ugereranya umurongo wa DC ugereranije numwanya wikintu.
Ibikoresho bya Eddy bigezweho birakomeye, ibikoresho bidahuza bisanzwe bikoreshwa nkibikoresho byegeranye.Birahari byose kandi birashobora kumenya intera igereranije nikintu, ariko ntabwo icyerekezo cyangwa intera yuzuye kubintu.
Nkuko izina ribigaragaza, ubushobozi bwimyanya yimyanya ipima impinduka mubushobozi kugirango hamenyekane umwanya wikintu cyunvikana.Iyi sensororo idahuza irashobora gukoreshwa mugupima umurongo ugororotse cyangwa kuzunguruka. Zigizwe nibisahani bibiri bitandukanijwe nibikoresho bya dielectric kandi bigakoresha bumwe muburyo bubiri kugirango umenye umwanya wikintu:
Kugirango habeho impinduka zihoraho za dielectric, ikintu kigomba kumenyekana umwanya wacyo gifatanye nibikoresho bya dielectric.Nkuko ibikoresho bya dielectric bigenda, guhora dielectric ihoraho ya capacitori ihinduka bitewe no guhuza agace k'ibikoresho bya dielectric hamwe na dielectric ihoraho yumwuka.Ubundi buryo, ikintu gishobora guhuzwa na plaque ya capacitori. i Umwanya.
Imikorere ya capacitif irashobora gupima iyimurwa, intera, umwanya hamwe nubunini bwibintu. Bitewe nibimenyetso byabo bihamye kandi bikemurwa, ibyuma bifata ibyuma bifata ibyuma bikoreshwa muri laboratoire no mu nganda.Urugero, ibyuma bifata ibyuma byifashishwa mu gupima uburebure bwa firime hamwe n’ibikoresho bifata mu buryo bwikora. Mu mashini z’inganda, zikoreshwa mu gukurikirana iyimurwa n’ibikoresho by’ibikoresho.
Magnetostriction ni umutungo wibikoresho bya ferromagnetiki itera ibikoresho guhindura ubunini bwabyo cyangwa imiterere mugihe hashyizweho umurima wa magneti.Mu sensor ya magnetostrictive position, icyuma cyimuka cyimuka gifatanye nikintu gipimwa.Bigizwe numuyoboro wizuba ugizwe ninsinga zitwara impiswi zubu, uhujwe na sensor iri mumpera yumurongo wumurongo wumurongo wumurongo wumurongo wumurongo wumurongo wumurongo wumurongo wumurongo wumurongo wumurongo wumurongo wumurongo wumurongo wumurongo wumurongo wumurongo wumurongo wumurongo wumurongo wumurongo wumurongo wa interineti. hamwe na magnetiki ya axial yumurongo wa magneti uhoraho (magnet muri piston ya silinderi, Igishusho 3a) .Imikoranire yumurima iterwa no kugoreka (ingaruka ya Wiedemann), ikomeretsa insinga, ikabyara impiswi ya acoustic ikwirakwira kumuraba kandi ikagaragazwa na sensor kumpera yumwanya wa pulsike ugereranije nigihe cyo gutangirira kumpera yumwanya uri hagati yigihe cyo gutangirira hamwe nigihe cyo gutangirira kumpera yumwanya uri hagati yigihe cya pulse. yumwanya wa magneti nuko rero ikintu gishobora gupimwa (Ishusho 3c).
Ibyuma bifata ibyuma bya magnetostrictive ni ibyuma bidahuza byifashishwa kugirango hamenyekane umurongo uhagaze.Icyerekezo gikunze kubikwa mu byuma bidafite ingese cyangwa aluminiyumu, bigatuma ibyo byuma bikoreshwa mu bidukikije cyangwa bitose.
Iyo umuyoboro woroheje, uringaniye ushyizwe mumashanyarazi, ikintu cyose gitemba gikunda kwiyubaka kuruhande rumwe rwumuyoboro, bigatera itandukaniro rishobora kwitwa voltage ya Hall.Niba umuyaga uri mumashanyarazi uhoraho, ubunini bwumubyigano wa Hall bizagaragaza imbaraga zumurima wa magneti. Muri sensor ya positif ya Hall, ibintu bihinduka mukintu cya magneti gihuye nikintu cya magneti. voltage.Mu gupima voltage ya Hall, umwanya wikintu urashobora kugenwa.Hariho ibyuma byihariye byerekana ibyerekezo bya Hall bishobora kwerekana imyanya mubice bitatu (Igicapo 4) .Icyuma cyerekana ingaruka zose ni ibikoresho bidahuza bitanga ubwizerwe bwihuse kandi bwihuse, kandi bukora mubipimo byubushyuhe bwinshi.Bikoreshwa muburyo butandukanye bwabaguzi, inganda, amamodoka nubuvuzi.
Hariho ubwoko bubiri bwibanze bwa fibre optique.Mu sensor ya fibre optique, fibre ikoreshwa nkibintu byunvikana.Mu byuma bya fibre optique yo hanze, fibre optique ihujwe nubundi buryo bwa tekinoroji yohereza ibimenyetso bya elegitoroniki ya kure kugirango itunganyirizwe.Mu gihe cyo gupima ibipimo bya fibre yimbere, igikoresho nka optique ya optique ya enterineti ishobora gukoreshwa kugirango hamenyekane igihe cyo gutinda. reflektometero.Icyuma cya fibre optique ikingira ubuvanganzo bwa electromagnetique, irashobora gushushanywa kugirango ikore ku bushyuhe bwinshi, kandi ntabwo ikora, bityo irashobora gukoreshwa hafi yumuvuduko mwinshi cyangwa ibikoresho byaka.
Ubundi buryo bwa fibre-optique bushingiye kuri fibre Bragg grating (FBG) irashobora kandi gukoreshwa mugupima imyanya. FBG ikora nkayunguruzo, yerekana agace gato k'urumuri rushingiye kumuraba wa Bragg (λB) iyo rumurikirwa nurumuri rugari.Birahimbwa na microstructures zashyizwe mubipimo bya fibre, umuvuduko ukabije, ibipimo byimbaraga, t, umuvuduko ukabije, ibipimo byimbaraga, t, umuvuduko ukabije, ibipimo byimbaraga, t, umuvuduko ukabije. umutwaro.
Hariho ubwoko bubiri bwibikoresho bya optique, bizwi kandi nka optique ya optique. Muburyo bumwe, urumuri rwoherezwa mukwakira kurundi ruhande rwa sensor.Mu bwoko bwa kabiri, ikimenyetso cyumucyo cyasohotse kigaragazwa nikintu cyakurikiranwe kandi kigasubira kumurabyo. icyerekezo. Izi sensor ziri mubice bitatu byingenzi; kodegisi ya optique ya kodegisi, kodegisi ya optique yerekana, hamwe na kodegisi ya interineti.
Ultrasonic sensor sensor ikoresha piezoelectric kristal transducers kugirango isohore umurongo mwinshi wa ultrasonic waves.Icyuma gipima amajwi agaragara.Icyuma cya ultrasonic gishobora gukoreshwa nkibikoresho byoroheje byegeranye, cyangwa ibishushanyo mbonera bigoye birashobora gutanga amakuru atandukanye. imirasire hamwe no kwivanga kwa electromagnetic.Urugero rwibisabwa ukoresheje ibyuma bifata ibyuma bya ultrasonic birimo gutahura urwego rwamazi, kubara byihuse umuvuduko wibintu, sisitemu yo kugendana na robo, hamwe na sensing yimodoka.Icyuma gisanzwe cyitwa ultrasonic sensor kigizwe namazu ya pulasitike, transducer ya piezoelectric hamwe na membrane yongeyeho, hamwe na signal ya elegitoronike hamwe na microcontrollers.
Ibyuma bifata umwanya birashobora gupima byimazeyo cyangwa bigereranijwe, icyerekezo cyizenguruka nu mfuruka yibintu.Icyuma cyerekana imyanya irashobora gupima urujya n'uruza rw'ibikoresho nka moteri cyangwa moteri.Bikoreshwa kandi ku mbuga zigendanwa nka robo n'imodoka.
3D Magnetic Position Sensors, Allegro MicrosystemsGusesengura no Kuzamura Umutekano wa Sensor ya Ultrasonic kubinyabiziga byigenga, IEEE Internet yibintu Ikinyamakuru Nigute wahitamo sensor ya posisiyo, Cambridge Integrated CircuitsPosition sensor sensor, Ixthus InstrumentationNi ubuhe buryo bukoreshwa na sensor?
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