Ho tloha liketane tsa ho kganna tsa roboto ho ya mabanteng a conveyor tshebetsong ya ketane ya phepelo ho ya ho tsamaiso ya ditora tsa turbine ya moya, ho lemoha boemo ke mosebetsi wa bohlokwa dikopong tse fapaneng. E ka nka dibopeho tse ngata, ho kenyeletswa di-sensor tse otlolohileng, tse potolohang, tse kobehileng, tse sa amaneng le tse sa amaneng le tsona. Di-sensor tse ikgethang di ntshetsitswe pele tse ka fumanang boemo ka mahlakore a mararo. Ditheknoloji tsa ho lemoha boemo di kenyeletsa potentiometric, inductive, eddy current, capacitive, magnetostrictive, Hall effect, fiber optic, optical le ultrasonic.
Lipotso tsena tse botsoang khafetsa li fana ka selelekela se sekhutšoanyane sa mefuta e fapaneng ea ho lemoha boemo, ebe li hlahloba mefuta e fapaneng ea mahlale ao baqapi ba ka khethang ho 'ona ha ba kenya tšebetsong tharollo ea ho lemoha boemo.
Li-sensor tsa boemo ba Potentiometric ke lisebelisoa tse thehiloeng khanyetsong tse kopanyang pina e tsitsitseng ea ho hanyetsa le wiper e khomaretsoeng nthong eo boemo ba eona bo hlokang ho utluoa. Motsamao oa ntho o tsamaisa li-wiper tseleng. Sebaka sa ntho se lekanngoa ka ho sebelisa marang-rang a karohano ea motlakase a entsoeng ke li-rails le li-wiper ho lekanya motsamao o otlolohileng kapa o potolohang ka motlakase o tsitsitseng oa DC (Setšoantšo sa 1). Li-sensor tsa Potentiometric li theko e tlase, empa ka kakaretso li na le ho nepahala ho tlase le ho pheta-pheta.
Li-sensor tsa boemo ba inductive li sebelisa liphetoho litšobotsing tsa matla a makenete a hlahisoang ka har'a khoele ea sensor. Ho latela meralo ea tsona, li ka lekanya boemo ba mola kapa ba potoloho. Li-sensor tsa boemo ba Linear Variable Differential Transformer (LVDT) li sebelisa likhoele tse tharo tse phuthetsoeng ka har'a tube e se nang letho; khoele ea mantlha le likhoele tse peli tsa bobeli. Likhoele li hokahane ka tatellano, 'me kamano ea mohato oa khoele ea bobeli e 180° ka ntle ho mohato mabapi le khoele ea mantlha. Motheo oa ferromagnetic o bitsoang armature o beoa ka hare ho khoele 'me o hokahantsoe le ntho sebakeng se lekanngoang. Voltage ea ho hlasimolla e sebelisoa khoeleng ea mantlha 'me matla a electromagnetic (EMF) a hlahisoa khoeleng ea bobeli. Ka ho lekanya phapang ea motlakase pakeng tsa likhoele tsa bobeli, boemo bo amanang ba armature le seo e khomaretsoeng ho sona bo ka fumanoa. Transformer ea phapang ea motlakase e potolohang (RVDT) e sebelisa mokhoa o tšoanang ho latela boemo bo potolohang. Li-sensor tsa LVDT le RVDT li fana ka ho nepahala ho hoholo, ho lekana, qeto le kutlo e phahameng. Ha li na khohlano 'me li ka koaloa bakeng sa tšebeliso libakeng tse thata.
Li-sensor tsa boemo ba hona joale ba Eddy li sebetsa le lintho tse tsamaisang motlakase. Li-current tsa Eddy ke maqhubu a susumetsoang a hlahang linthong tse tsamaisang motlakase ha ho e-na le matla a makenete a fetohang. Maqhubu ana a phalla ka selika-likoe se koetsoeng 'me a hlahisa matla a makenete a bobeli. Li-sensor tsa hona joale tsa Eddy li entsoe ka li-coil le lipotoloho tsa linearization. Mocheso o fapanyetsanang o matlafatsa coil ho theha matla a makenete a mantlha. Ha ntho e atamela kapa e tloha ho coil, boemo ba eona bo ka utloahala ho sebelisoa tšebelisano ea tšimo ea bobeli e hlahisoang ke maqhubu a eddy, e amang impedance ea coil. Ha ntho e ntse e atamela coil, tahlehelo ea hona joale ea eddy ea eketseha 'me motlakase o sisinyehang oa fokola (Setšoantšo sa 2). Mocheso o sisinyehang oa lokisoa le ho sebetsoa ke potoloho ea linearizer ho hlahisa tlhahiso ea DC e otlolohileng e lekanang le sebaka sa ntho.
Disebediswa tsa motlakase tsa Eddy ke disebediswa tse matla, tse sa amaneng le motlakase tse atisang ho sebediswa e le di-sensor tsa bohaufi. Di shebana le ntho ka tsela e le nngwe mme di ka fumana sebaka se bapileng le ntho, empa e seng tsela kapa sebaka se feletseng ho ntho.
Jwalo ka ha lebitso le bontsha, di-sensor tsa boemo ba capacitive di lekanya diphetoho tsa capacitance ho fumana boemo ba ntho e utlwiwang. Di-sensor tsena tse sa amaneng le tsona di ka sebediswa ho lekanya boemo ba mola kapa ba potoloho. Di na le dipoleiti tse pedi tse arotsweng ke thepa ya dielectric mme di sebedisa e nngwe ya mekgwa e mmedi ho lemoha boemo ba ntho:
E le ho baka phetoho ho dielectric constant, ntho eo boemo ba yona bo lokelang ho lemohuwa e hoketswe ho thepa ya dielectric. Ha thepa ya dielectric e ntse e tsamaya, dielectric constant e sebetsang ya capacitor e fetoha ka lebaka la ho kopanngwa ha sebaka sa thepa ya dielectric le dielectric constant ya moya. Ka tsela e nngwe, ntho e ka hokahanngwa le e nngwe ya dipoleiti tsa capacitor. Ha ntho e ntse e tsamaya, dipoleiti di ntse di atamela kapa di le hole, mme phetoho ya capacitance e sebediswa ho fumana boemo bo amanang.
Li-sensor tse nang le bokhoni li ka lekanya ho falla, sebaka, boemo le botenya ba lintho. Ka lebaka la botsitso ba tsona bo phahameng ba lets'oao le qeto, li-sensor tse nang le bokhoni li sebelisoa libakeng tsa laboratori le tsa indasteri. Mohlala, li-sensor tse nang le bokhoni li sebelisoa ho lekanya botenya ba filimi le lits'ebetso tsa sekhomaretsi lits'ebetsong tse iketsang. Mechining ea indasteri, li sebelisoa ho lekola ho falla le boemo ba lisebelisoa.
Magnetostriction ke thepa ea thepa ea ferromagnetic e etsang hore thepa e fetole boholo kapa sebopeho sa eona ha matla a makenete a sebelisoa. Sensering ea boemo ba makenete, makenete ea boemo bo tsamaeang e hokelloa nthong e lekanngoang. E entsoe ka leqhubu le nang le lithapo tse jereng li-pulse tsa hona joale, tse hokahantsoeng le sensor e fumanehang qetellong ea leqhubu (Setšoantšo sa 3). Ha pulse ea hona joale e romelloa tlase ho leqhubu, matla a makenete a thehoa ka har'a terata e sebelisanang le matla a makenete a axial a makenete ea kamehla (makenete ka har'a piston ea silindara, Setšoantšo sa 3a). Tšebelisano ea tšimo e bakoa ke ho sotha (phello ea Wiedemann), e hatellang terata, e hlahisang pulse ea acoustic e hasanang le leqhubu le bonoang ke sensor qetellong ea leqhubu (Setšoantšo sa 3b). Ka ho lekanya nako e fetileng pakeng tsa ho qalisoa ha pulse ea hona joale le ho lemoha pulse ea acoustic, boemo bo amanang ba makenete ea boemo le ka hona ntho e ka lekanngoa (Setšoantšo sa 3c).
Li-sensor tsa boemo ba makenete ke li-sensor tse sa amaneng tse sebelisetsoang ho lemoha boemo bo otlolohileng. Li-waveguide hangata li bolokiloe ka har'a liphaephe tsa tšepe e sa hloekang kapa aluminium, e leng se nolofalletsang li-sensor tsena ho sebelisoa libakeng tse litšila kapa tse mongobo.
Ha mokhanni o mosesaane, o bataletseng o kentsoe tšimong ea makenete, phallo efe kapa efe ea motlakase e atisa ho bokellana ka lehlakoreng le leng la mokhanni, e leng se etsang hore ho be le phapang e ka bang teng e bitsoang motlakase oa Hall. Haeba motlakase o ka har'a mokhanni o sa fetohe, boholo ba motlakase oa Hall bo tla bonahatsa matla a motlakase. Sensering ea boemo ba Hall-effect, ntho e hokahantsoe le makenete e kentsoeng ka har'a shaft ea sensor. Ha ntho e ntse e tsamaea, boemo ba makenete boa fetoha ha bo bapisoa le karolo ea Hall, e leng se fellang ka motlakase o fetohang oa Hall. Ka ho lekanya motlakase oa Hall, boemo ba ntho bo ka fumanoa. Ho na le li-sensor tse khethehileng tsa boemo ba Hall-effect tse ka khethollang boemo ka litekanyo tse tharo (Setšoantšo sa 4). Li-sensor tsa boemo ba Hall-effect ke lisebelisoa tse sa amaneng tse fanang ka ts'epo e phahameng le kutloisiso e potlakileng, 'me li sebetsa ho pholletsa le mefuta e mengata ea mocheso. Li sebelisoa lits'ebetsong tse fapaneng tsa bareki, indasteri, likoloi le bongaka.
Ho na le mefuta e 'meli ea mantlha ea li-sensor tsa fiber optic. Li-sensor tsa fiber optic tsa ka hare, fiber e sebelisoa e le karolo ea ho lemoha. Li-sensor tsa fiber optic tsa ka ntle, fiber optics li kopantsoe le theknoloji e 'ngoe ea sensor ho fetisetsa lets'oao ho lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki tse hole bakeng sa ts'ebetso. Tabeng ea litekanyo tsa boemo ba fiber ea ka hare, sesebelisoa se kang reflectometer ea nako ea optical se ka sebelisoa ho fumana tieho ea nako. Phetoho ea bolelele ba leqhubu e ka baloa ho sebelisoa sesebelisoa se kenyang reflectometer ea domain ea maqhubu a optical. Li-sensor tsa fiber optic ha li na tšitiso ea motlakase, li ka etsoa ho sebetsa mochesong o phahameng, 'me ha li tsamaise motlakase, kahoo li ka sebelisoa haufi le khatello e phahameng kapa thepa e tukang.
Ho lemoha ho hong ha fiber-optic ho itshetlehileng theknolojing ya faeba ya Bragg grating (FBG) le hona ho ka sebediswa bakeng sa ho lekanya boemo. FBG e sebetsa e le sefe sa notch, e bontshang karolo e nyane ya lesedi le bohareng ba bolelele ba Bragg (λB) ha e boneswa ke lesedi la sephara. E entswe ka dibopeho tse nyane tse ngotsweng kahare ho faeba. Di-FBG di ka sebediswa ho lekanya diparamitha tse fapaneng tse kang mocheso, kgatello, kgatello, ho sekamela, ho falla, ho potlakisa le mojaro.
Ho na le mefuta e 'meli ea li-sensor tsa boemo ba optical, tse tsejoang hape e le li-encoder tsa optical. Tabeng e 'ngoe, leseli le romeloa ho moamoheli ka lehlakoreng le leng la sensor. Mofuteng oa bobeli, lets'oao la leseli le ntšitsoeng le bonahatsoa ke ntho e behiloeng leihlo 'me le khutlisetsoa mohloling oa leseli. Ho latela moralo oa sensor, liphetoho litšobotsing tsa leseli, joalo ka bolelele ba leqhubu, matla, mohato kapa polarization, li sebelisoa ho fumana boemo ba ntho. Li-sensor tsa boemo ba optical tse thehiloeng ho encoder lia fumaneha bakeng sa motsamao o otlolohileng le o potolohang. Li-sensor tsena li oela likarolong tse tharo tse kholo; li-encoder tsa optical tse fetisang, li-encoder tsa optical tse bonahatsang, le li-encoder tsa optical tse fapaneng.
Li-sensor tsa boemo ba ultrasonic li sebelisa li-transducer tsa kristale tsa piezoelectric ho ntša maqhubu a ultrasound a maqhubu a phahameng. Sensor e lekanya molumo o bonahatsoang. Li-sensor tsa ultrasonic li ka sebelisoa e le li-sensor tse bonolo tsa bohaufi, kapa meralo e rarahaneng haholoanyane e ka fana ka tlhaiso-leseling e fapaneng. Li-sensor tsa boemo ba ultrasonic li sebetsa le lintho tse reriloeng tsa thepa e fapaneng le likarolo tsa bokaholimo, 'me li ka lemoha lintho tse nyane tse hole haholo ho feta mefuta e meng e mengata ea li-sensor tsa boemo. Li hanela ho thothomela, lerata la tikoloho, mahlaseli a infrared le tšitiso ea motlakase. Mehlala ea lits'ebetso tse sebelisang li-sensor tsa boemo ba ultrasonic li kenyelletsa ho lemoha boemo ba metsi, ho bala lintho ka lebelo le phahameng, litsamaiso tsa ho tsamaea tsa robotic, le ho lemoha likoloi. Sensor e tloaelehileng ea ultrasonic ea likoloi e na le ntlo ea polasetiki, transducer ea piezoelectric e nang le lera le eketsehileng, le boto ea potoloho e hatisitsoeng e nang le lipotoloho tsa elektroniki le li-microcontroller bakeng sa ho fetisa, ho amohela le ho sebetsana le matšoao (Setšoantšo sa 5).
Li-sensor tsa boemo li ka lekanya motsamao o felletseng kapa o amanang oa lintho tse otlolohileng, tse potolohang le tse kobehileng. Li-sensor tsa boemo li ka lekanya motsamao oa lisebelisoa tse kang li-actuator kapa li-motor. Li boetse li sebelisoa lipolaneteng tse tsamaeang tse kang liroboto le likoloi. Mefuta e fapaneng ea theknoloji e sebelisoa li-sensor tsa boemo ka metsoako e fapaneng ea ho tšoarella tikolohong, litšenyehelo, ho nepahala, ho pheta-pheta le litšobotsi tse ling.
Li-Sensor tsa Maemo a Magnetic tsa 3D, Litsamaiso tse Nyane tsa Allegro Ho sekaseka le ho Ntlafatsa Tšireletso ea Li-Sensor tsa Ultrasonic bakeng sa Likoloi tse Ikemetseng, IEEE Internet of Things Journal Mokhoa oa ho khetha sensor ea boemo, Cambridge Integrated Circuits Mefuta ea sensor ea boemo, Ixthus InstrumentationSensor ea boemo ba inductive ke eng?, Keyence Sensor ea Maemo a Magnetostrictive ke eng?, AMETEK
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