Kubva pamaketani ekutyaira erobhoti kusvika kumabhande ekufambisa ari mumabasa ekutengesa kusvika pakufamba kwenhare dzemhepo, kunzwa nzvimbo ibasa rakakosha mumabasa akasiyana-siyana. Inogona kutora mhando dzakasiyana, kusanganisira ma sensor ane mutsara, anotenderera, angular, absolute, incremental, contact uye asiri ekubatana. Masensa akasarudzika akagadzirwa anogona kuona nzvimbo muzvikamu zvitatu. Matekinoroji ekuona nzvimbo anosanganisira potentiometric, inductive, eddy current, capacitive, magnetostrictive, Hall effect, fiber optic, optical uye ultrasonic.
Mibvunzo Inowanzo bvunzwa iyi inopa sumo pfupi kumarudzi akasiyana-siyana ekuona nzvimbo, yobva yaongorora matekinoroji akasiyana-siyana ayo vagadziri vanogona kusarudza kubva paari pavanenge vachishandisa mhinduro yekuona nzvimbo.
MaSensor ePotentiometric position zvishandiso zvine chekuita neresistance zvinosanganisa nzira yakasimbiswa yekuramba newiper yakabatana nechinhu chine nzvimbo inoda kunzwiwa. Kufamba kwechinhu kunofambisa mawipers ari munzira. Nzvimbo yechinhu inoyerwa nekushandisa network yekuparadzanisa voltage yakagadzirwa nerails nemawipers kuyera kufamba kwemutsara kana kutenderera nemagetsi akasimbiswa eDC (Mufananidzo 1). MaSensor ePotentiometric anodhura zvishoma, asi kazhinji ane kururama kwakaderera uye anodzokororwa zvishoma.
Ma sensor enzvimbo dzinobatsira anoshandisa shanduko muhunhu hwesimba remagineti rinokonzerwa ne sensor coil. Zvichienderana nekwavakagadzirwa, anogona kuyera nzvimbo yakatsetseka kana yekutenderera. Ma sensor enzvimbo eLinear Variable Differential Transformer (LVDT) anoshandisa ma coil matatu akaputirwa pachubhu ine hollow; primary coil uye secondary coils mbiri. Ma coil akabatana akatevedzana, uye hukama hwe phase hwe secondary coil huri 180° kunze kwe phase maererano ne primary coil. Ferromagnetic core inonzi armature inoiswa mukati mechubhu uye yakabatana nechinhu chiri panzvimbo iri kuyerwa. Excitation voltage inoiswa pa primary coil uye electromagnetic force (EMF) inokonzereswa mu secondary coils. Nekuyera musiyano we voltage pakati pe secondary coils, relative position ye armature nezvayakabatanidzwa zvinogona kuzivikanwa. Rotary voltage differential transformer (RVDT) inoshandisa nzira imwecheteyo kutevera rotating position. LVDT ne RVDT sensors dzinopa kururama kwakanaka, linearity, resolution uye high sensitivity. Hadzina friction uye dzinogona kuvharwa kuti dzishandiswe munzvimbo dzakaoma.
MaEddy current position sensors anoshanda nezvinhu zvinofambisa magetsi. MaEddy currents ndiwo mafungu anokonzerwa anowanikwa muzvinhu zvinofambisa magetsi kana paine simba remagineti rinochinja. Mafungu aya anoyerera mudenderedzwa rakavharwa uye anogadzira simba remagineti rechipiri. MaEddy current sensors ane macoils nemacircuits e-linearization. Alternating current inopa simba ku coil kuti igadzire simba remagineti rekutanga. Kana chinhu chikasvika kana chichifamba kubva ku coil, nzvimbo yacho inogona kunzwiwa uchishandisa kudyidzana kwe secondary field inogadzirwa nema eddy currents, izvo zvinokanganisa impedance ye coil. Sezvo chinhu ichiswedera pedyo ne coil, kurasikirwa kwe eddy current kunowedzera uye oscillating voltage inova diki (Mufananidzo 2). Oscillating voltage inogadziriswa uye inogadziriswa ne linearizer circuit kuti ibudise linear DC output inoenderana nedaro rechinhu.
Midziyo yemagetsi eEddy current midziyo yakasimba, isingabatanidzi chinhu inowanzo shandiswa sema sensor ekuswedera pedyo. Inoshanda kumativi ese uye inogona kuona daro riri pakati pechinhu, asi kwete divi kana daro rakakwana kubva kuchinhu chacho.
Sezvinoratidzwa nezita racho, masensa enzvimbo dzemagetsi anoyera shanduko mu capacitance kuti aone nzvimbo yechinhu chiri kunzwiwa. Aya masensa asingabatanidzi anogona kushandiswa kuyera nzvimbo yakatsetseka kana yekutenderera. Ane maplate maviri akaparadzaniswa nezvinhu zve dielectric uye anoshandisa imwe yenzira mbiri dzekuona nzvimbo yechinhu:
Kuti pave nekuchinja kwe dielectric constant, chinhu chine nzvimbo yachinofanira kuonekwa chinonamirwa kune dielectric material. Sezvo dielectric material ichifamba, dielectric constant inoshanda ye capacitor inochinja nekuda kwekusanganiswa kwenzvimbo ye dielectric material uye dielectric constant yemhepo. Neimwe nzira, chinhu chacho chinogona kubatanidzwa kune imwe yema capacitor plates. Sezvo chinhu chichifamba, maplates anoswedera pedyo kana kure, uye shanduko ye capacitance inoshandiswa kuona nzvimbo yakabatana.
Masensa emagetsi anogona kuyera kutama, daro, nzvimbo uye ukobvu hwezvinhu. Nekuda kwekugadzikana kwavo kwakanyanya kwechiratidzo uye kugona, masensa emagetsi anoshandiswa munzvimbo dzemarabhoritari nedzemaindasitiri. Semuenzaniso, masensa emagetsi anoshandiswa kuyera ukobvu hwemafirimu uye mashandisirwo ekunamira mumabasa ega. Mumichina yeindasitiri, anoshandiswa kutarisa kutama uye nzvimbo yezvishandiso.
Magnetostriction imhando yezvinhu zve ferromagnetic zvinoita kuti chinhu ichi chishandure saizi kana chimiro chayo kana simba remagineti rakaiswa. Mu sensor ye magnetostrictive position, magineti inofambiswa inosungirirwa kune chinhu chiri kuyerwa. Inoumbwa ne waveguide ine waya dzinotakura ma current pulses, dzakabatana ne sensor iri kumagumo kwe waveguide (Mufananidzo 3). Kana current pulse ikatumirwa pasi pe waveguide, magnetic field inogadzirwa mu waya inosangana ne axial magnetic field ye permanent magnet (magnet iri mu cylinder piston, Mufananidzo 3a). Kubatana kwemunda kunokonzerwa nekutenderedza (Wiedemann effect), iyo inomanikidza waya, ichigadzira acoustic pulse inopararira pamwe chete ne waveguide uye inoonekwa ne sensor kumagumo kwe waveguide (Mufananidzo 3b). Nekuyera nguva yakapfuura pakati pekutanga kwe current pulse uye kuonekwa kwe acoustic pulse, relative position ye position magnet uye nokudaro chinhu chinogona kuyerwa (Mufananidzo 3c).
Masensa enzvimbo yemagnetostrictive masensa asingabatanidzi anoshandiswa kuona nzvimbo yakatsetseka. Mawaveguides anowanzo chengetwa mumachubhu esimbi isina ngura kana aruminiyamu, zvichiita kuti masensa aya ashandiswe munzvimbo dzakasviba kana dzakanyorova.
Kana dhayakita rakatetepa rakati sandara rakaiswa mumunda wemagineti, chero magetsi anoyerera anowanzo ungana kune rumwe rutivi rwedhayakita, zvichigadzira mutsauko unonzi Hall voltage. Kana magetsi ari mudhayakita asingachinji, hukuru hwemagetsi eHall hucharatidza simba remagetsi emagineti. Musensor yeHall-effect position, chinhu chacho chakabatana nemagnet iri musensor shaft. Sezvo chinhu chichifamba, nzvimbo yemagineti inochinja kana tichienzanisa neHall element, zvichikonzera shanduko yeHall voltage. Nekuyera voltage yeHall, nzvimbo yechinhu inogona kuzivikanwa. Kune masensor eHall-effect position anogona kuona nzvimbo muzvikamu zvitatu (Mufananidzo 4). Masensor eHall-effect position zvishandiso zvisingabatanidzi zvinopa kuvimbika kwakanyanya uye kunzwa nekukurumidza, uye zvinoshanda pamhando dzakasiyana dzekupisa. Zvinoshandiswa mumhando dzakasiyana dzemashandisirwo evatengi, maindasitiri, mota uye ekurapa.
Kune mhando mbiri huru dzemasensa efiber optic. Mumasensa efiber optic emukati, fiber inoshandiswa sechinhu chinoona. Mumasensa efiber optic ekunze, fiber optics inosanganiswa neimwe tekinoroji yesensa kuti itumidze chiratidzo kune zvemagetsi zviri kure kuti zvigadzirwe. Panyaya yekuyerwa kwenzvimbo yefiber, mudziyo wakaita seoptical time domain reflectometer unogona kushandiswa kuona kunonoka kwenguva. Kuchinja kwewavelength kunogona kuverengerwa uchishandisa chishandiso chinoshandisa optical frequency domain reflectometer. Masensa efiber optic haapindirwe neelectromagnetic interference, anogona kugadzirwa kuti ashande pakupisa kwakanyanya, uye haafambise simba, saka anogona kushandiswa pedyo nemhepo yakakwira kana zvinhu zvinobvira moto.
Imwe nzira yekuona fiber-optic yakavakirwa pa fiber Bragg grating (FBG) tekinoroji inogonawo kushandiswa pakuyera nzvimbo. FBG inoshanda sechinongedzo che notch, ichiratidza chikamu chidiki chechiedza chiri pakati peBragg wavelength (λB) kana chakavhenekerwa nechiedza che broad-spectrum. Yakagadzirwa nema microstructures akachekwa mukati me fiber core. FBGs dzinogona kushandiswa kuyera ma parameter akasiyana-siyana akadai sekupisa, kumanikidzwa, kutsvedza, kutama, kukurumidza uye mutoro.
Kune mhando mbiri dzema sensor enzvimbo dze optical, anozivikanwawo se optical encoders. Mune imwe nyaya, chiedza chinotumirwa kune anogamuchira kune rimwe divi re sensor. Mune yechipiri mhando, chiratidzo chechiedza chinoburitswa chinoratidzwa nechinhu chinotariswa uye chinodzoserwa kunobva chiedza. Zvichienderana nekugadzirwa kwe sensor, shanduko muhunhu hwechiedza, senge wavelength, intensity, phase kana polarization, zvinoshandiswa kuona nzvimbo yechinhu. Ma sensor enzvimbo dze optical akavakirwa pa encoder anowanikwa pakufamba kwemutsara uye kutenderera. Ma sensor aya anowira muzvikamu zvitatu zvikuru; ma transmissive optical encoders, reflective optical encoders, uye interferometric optical encoders.
Ma sensor enzvimbo ye ultrasonic anoshandisa ma transducer e piezoelectric crystal kuti abudise mafungu e ultrasonic ane frequency yakakwira. Sensor inoyera ruzha rwunoratidzwa. Ma sensor e ultrasonic anogona kushandiswa sema sensor ari nyore epedyo, kana magadzirirwo akaomarara anogona kupa ruzivo rwakasiyana. Ma sensor enzvimbo ye ultrasonic anoshanda nezvinhu zvakatarwa zvezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana uye zvinhu zvepamusoro, uye anogona kuona zvinhu zvidiki zviri kure kupfuura mamwe marudzi mazhinji ema sensor enzvimbo. Anodzivirira kudedera, ruzha rwemhepo, mwaranzi ye infrared uye kupindira kwe electromagnetic. Mienzaniso yemashandisirwo anoshandisa ma sensor enzvimbo ye ultrasonic inosanganisira kuona huwandu hwemvura, kuverenga zvinhu nekukurumidza, ma robotic navigation systems, uye kunzwa kwemotokari. Sensor ye ultrasonic yemotokari yakajairika ine imba yepurasitiki, transducer ye piezoelectric ine membrane yakawedzerwa, uye bhodhi redunhu rakadhindwa rine ma electronic circuits uye microcontrollers ekutumira, kugamuchira, uye kugadzirisa masaini (Mufananidzo 5).
MaSensor enzvimbo anogona kuyera kufamba kwezvinhu zvachose kana kuti kwakabatana, kutenderera uye kwekona. MaSensor enzvimbo anogona kuyera kufamba kwemidziyo yakaita sema actuator kana mota. Anoshandiswawo mumapuratifomu ekufambisa akadai semarobhoti nemotokari. Matekinoroji akasiyana-siyana anoshandiswa mumasensor enzvimbo ane musanganiswa wakasiyana-siyana wekugara kwenguva refu kwezvakatipoteredza, mutengo, kururama, kudzokorora, nezvimwe zvinhu.
MaSensor eMagineti e3D, Allegro MicrosystemsKuongorora nekuvandudza kuchengetedzeka kweMasensor eUltrasonic eMota Dzinozvitonga, IEEE Internet of Things Journal Maitiro ekusarudza sensor yenzvimbo, Cambridge Integrated CircuitsMarudzi esensor yenzvimbo, Ixthus InstrumentationChii chinonzi inductive position sensor?, Keyence Chii chinonzi Magnetostrictive Position Sensing?, AMETEK
Tarisa magazini matsva eDesign World nemagazini ekare ari nyore kushandisa uye emhando yepamusoro. Gadzirisa, govana uye dhawunirodha nhasi nemagazini inotungamira yekugadzira dhizaini.
Iyo forum yepamusoro-soro yeEE yekugadzirisa matambudziko pasi rose inosanganisira ma microcontrollers, DSP, networking, analog uye digital design, RF, power electronics, PCB routing, nezvimwe
Kodzero Dzese Dzakachengetedzwa © 2022 WTWH Media LLC. Zviri pawebsite iyi hazvifanirwe kuburitswazve, kuparadzirwa, kutumirwa, kuchengetwa kana kushandiswa neimwe nzira pasina mvumo yakanyorwa kubva kuWTWH MediaPrivacy Policy |Kushambadzira | Nezvedu