Ukusuka kwiintambo zokuqhuba iirobhothi ukuya kwiibhanti zokuhambisa kwiinkqubo zokubonelela ukuya kwiinqaba ze-injini yomoya, ukuvakalelwa kwesikhundla ngumsebenzi obalulekileyo kuluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo.Inokuthatha iindlela ezininzi, ezibandakanya umgca, ukujikeleza, u-angular, u-absolute, ukunyusa, ukudibanisa kunye nokungaqhagamsheki. i-potentiometric, inductive, eddy yangoku, i-capacitive, i-magnetostrictive, i-Hall effect, i-fiber optic, i-optical kunye ne-ultrasonic.
Le FAQ ibonelela ngentshayelelo emfutshane kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuva indawo, emva koko iphonononge uluhlu lwetekhnoloji abaqulunqi banokukhetha kubo xa bephumeza isisombululo sendawo.
I-Potentiometric sensor sensors zizixhobo ezisekelwe kwi-resistance-based device ezidibanisa umzila ochanekileyo odibeneyo kunye ne-wiper eqhotyoshelweyo kwinto ekufuneka ifakwe kuyo indawo yayo.Intshukumo yento ihambisa ama-wipers ecaleni komzila.Isikhundla sento silinganiswa ngokusebenzisa inethiwekhi ye-voltage divider eyenziwe ngama-rails kunye nee-wipers ukulinganisa i-linear okanye i-rotational motion kunye ne-voltage echanekileyo ye-DC (Umfanekiso , kodwa i-sensor ye-pote ephantsi inexabiso eliphantsi, kodwa i-sensor ye-pote ephantsi i-Pote inexabiso eliphantsi). ukuphinda-phinda.
I-inductive position sensors zisebenzisa utshintsho kwiipropati zemagnethi ezifakwe kwi-coil sensor.Ngokuxhomekeke kwi-architecture yazo, ziyakwazi ukulinganisa indawo yomgca okanye yokujikeleza.Izinzwa ze-Linear Variable Differential Transformer (LVDT) zisebenzisa iikhoyili ezintathu ezifakwe kwi-tube engenanto; Ikhoyili ephambili kunye neekhoyili ezimbini zesibini.Iikhoyili zixhunyiwe kuchungechunge, kwaye ubudlelwane besigaba sesibini sesibini yi-180 ° ngaphandle kwesigaba ngokubhekiselele kwi-coil ephambili.I-coil ye-ferromagnetic ebizwa ngokuba yi-armature ifakwe ngaphakathi kwi-tube kwaye ixhunywe kwinto kwindawo elinganiswayo.I-voltage yokuvuselela isetyenziswe kwi-coil yokuqala kunye ne-electromagnetic force i-electromagnetic force (i-EMF) i-electromagnetic force (i-EMF) i-secondary voltage. iikhoyili, indawo ehambelanayo ye-armature kunye nento eqhotyoshelwe kuyo inokumiselwa.I-voltage ejikelezayo ye-voltage differential transformer (RVDT) isebenzisa ubuchule obufanayo ukulandelela indawo ejikelezayo.I-LVDT kunye ne-RVDT sensors zinika ukuchaneka okulungileyo, umgca, isisombululo kunye novelwano oluphezulu.
Abenzi boluvo be-Eddy bangoku basebenza ngezinto eziqhubayo.Imisinga ye-Eddy yimisinga enyanzelwayo eyenzeka kwizinto eziqhubayo phambi kwendawo eguqukayo yamagnetic.Le misinga iqukuqela kwiluphu evaliweyo kwaye ivelise indawo yesibini yemagnethi.Izinzwa zangoku ze-Eddy zibandakanya iikhoyili kunye neesekethe zomgca.I-alternating yangoku inika amandla icoil ukwenza icoil yokudala i-coil ephambili okanye i-coil iyakwazi ukusondela kwindawo yayo ephambili. ukusebenzisana kwintsimi yesibini eveliswe yimisinga eddy, echaphazela i-coil impedance.Njengoko into isondela ngakumbi kwikhoyili, ilahleko yangoku ye-eddy iyanda kwaye i-oscillating voltage iba yincinci (Figure 2) .I-voltage ye-oscillating ilungiswa kwaye iqhutywe yi-linearizer yesekethe ukuvelisa imveliso ye-DC ehambelanayo ngokuhambelana nomgama wokuchasana.
Izixhobo zangoku ze-Eddy zihexa, izixhobo ezingaqhagamshelwanga ziqhele ukusetyenziswa njengezixhobo zokubona kufutshane. Ziyi-omnidirectional kwaye zinokumisela umgama onxulumene nento, kodwa hayi indlela okanye umgama opheleleyo ukuya kwinto.
Njengoko igama libonisa, i-capacitive position sensors ilinganisa utshintsho kwi-capacitance ukumisela indawo yento ebonwayo.Ezi zinzwa ezingadibaniyo zingasetyenziselwa ukulinganisa indawo yomgca okanye yokujikeleza.Ziquka iipleyiti ezimbini ezahlulwe yi-dielectric material kwaye zisebenzisa enye yeendlela ezimbini zokubona indawo yento:
Ukuze kubangele utshintsho kwisigxina se-dielectric, into enokuthi indawo yayo ibonwe ifakwe kwizinto ze-dielectric. Njengoko izinto ze-dielectric zihamba, i-dielectric esebenzayo ye-capacitor iyatshintsha ngenxa yokudityaniswa kwendawo yezinto ze-dielectric kunye ne-dielectric engaguqukiyo yomoya. Ngenye indlela, into inokudityaniswa kwenye ye-platetor ihambisa izinto, i-platetor ihambisa i-capacitor. kude, kwaye utshintsho kwi-capacitance lusetyenziselwa ukumisela indawo ehambelanayo.
I-capacitive sensors inokulinganisa ukufuduka, umgama, isikhundla kunye nobukhulu bezinto.Ngenxa yokuzinza kwazo eziphezulu kunye nesisombululo, i-capacitive displacement sensors isetyenziselwa kwi-laboratory kunye ne-industrial environments.Ngokomzekelo, ii-sensors ze-capacitive zisetyenziselwa ukulinganisa ubukhulu befilimu kunye nezicelo zokunamathela kwiinkqubo ezizenzekelayo.
I-Magnetostriction yipropathi yezixhobo ze-ferromagnetic ezibangela ukuba izinto zitshintshe ubungakanani bayo okanye imilo xa kufakwe i-magnetic field sensor, i-magnetostrictive position sensor, i-magnetic position magnet idityaniswe kwinto elinganiswayo.Iquka i-waveguide equkethe iingcingo ezithwala i-pulses yangoku, edityaniswe kwi-sensor ebekwe ekupheleni kwe-wave wave3se, i-Figu ithunyelwa i-wave pulses yangoku. intsimi idalwe kwintambo esebenzisana ne-axial magnetic field of the magnetic esisigxina (umazibuthe kwi-cylinder piston, Umfanekiso 3a) .Intsebenziswano yentsimi ibangelwa ukujija (isiphumo se-Wiedemann), esithintela ucingo, sivelise i-acoustic pulse esasaza kunye ne-waveguide kwaye ifunyenwe yi-waveg ye-waveg ye-waveab kwi-sensor. ixesha elidlulileyo phakathi kokuqaliswa kwe-pulse yangoku kunye nokufunyanwa kwe-acoustic pulse, indawo ehambelanayo yemagnethi yendawo kwaye ngoko into inokulinganiswa (Umfanekiso 3c).
Abenzi boluvo bendawo yemagnethi zizinto ezingadibanisiyo ezisetyenziselwa ukubona indawo enomda.Ii-Waveguides zihlala zigcinwe kwintsimbi engatyiwa okanye iityhubhu zealuminiyam, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ezi zinzwa zisetyenziswe kwindawo ezimdaka okanye ezimanzi.
Xa umqhubi obhityileyo, osicaba ubekwe kumhlaba wemagnethi, nayiphi na into equkuqelayo yangoku ithande ukwakha kwelinye icala le-conductor, idala umahluko onokubakho obizwa ngokuba yi-voltage yeHolo.Ukuba i-current kwi-conductor ihlala ihleli, ubukhulu be-voltage yeHolo iya kubonisa amandla ombane wemagnethi. Ukutshintsha kweholo yokutshintsha kweholo.by ukulinganisa i-voltage yeholo, indawo yento inokugqitywa.
Kukho iindidi ezimbini ezisisiseko ze-fiber optic sensors.Kwi-intrinsic fibre optic sensors, i-fiber isetyenziswa njenge-sensing element.Kwizinzwa ze-fiber optic zangaphandle, i-fiber optics idityaniswe nenye iteknoloji ye-sensor ye-sensor ukuhambisa umqondiso kwi-electronics ekude ukwenzela ukucutshungulwa.Kwimeko yemilinganiselo ye-fiber optic yangaphakathi, isixhobo esifana ne-optical time domain optic sensors ingasetyenziselwa ukumisela ukulibaziseka kwesixhobo sokulinganisa i-waveleng inokusetyenziswa ukumisela ukulibaziseka kwexesha lokulinganisa. I-optical frequency domain reflectometer.Ii-fiber optic sensors zikhuselekile ekuphazamisekeni kwe-electromagnetic, zinokuthi ziyilelwe ukuba zisebenze kumaqondo aphezulu aphezulu, kwaye azikho-conductive, ngoko zinokusetyenziswa kufuphi noxinzelelo oluphezulu okanye izinto ezinokutsha.
Enye i-fiber-optic sensing esekelwe kwi-fiber Bragg grating (FBG) iteknoloji ingasetyenziselwa ukulinganisa indawo.I-FBG isebenza njenge-notch filter, ebonisa iqhezu elincinane lokukhanya okugxininiswe kwi-Bragg wavelength (λB) xa kukhanyiswa ukukhanya okubanzi okubanzi. ukuthambeka, ukufuduswa, ukukhawulezisa kunye nomthwalo.
Kukho iintlobo ezimbini ze-optical position sensors, ezikwaziwa ngokuba yi-optical encoders.Kwenye imeko, ukukhanya kuthunyelwa kummkeli kwelinye icala le-sensor.Kuhlobo lwesibini, isignali yokukhanya ekhutshweyo ibonakaliswe yinto egadiweyo kwaye ibuyiselwe kumthombo wokukhanya.Ngokuxhomekeka kwi-design sensor, utshintsho kwiipropati zokukhanya, ezifana ne-wavelength, ukuqina, isigaba okanye i-polarization isetyenzisiweyo kwi-position esekelwe kwi-polarization. abenzi boluvo bakhona kwintshukumo yomgca kunye nejikelezayo.Ezi zivamvo ziwela kwiindidi ezintathu eziphambili; ii-encoders zamehlo ezidlulisayo, ii-encoders zamehlo ezibonakalisayo, kunye ne-interferometric optical encoders.
I-ultrasonic positions sensors isebenzisa i-piezoelectric crystal transducers ukukhupha amaza e-ultrasonic e-high-frequency.I-sensor ilinganisa isandi esibonakalisiweyo.Iinzwa ze-Ultrasonic zingasetyenziselwa njengezinto ezilula zokusondeza, okanye ukuyila okuyinkimbinkimbi kunokubonelela ngolwazi oluhlukeneyo.Iinzwa ze-Ultrasonic isikhundla zisebenza kunye nezinto ezijoliswe kuzo zezinto ezahlukeneyo kunye neempawu ezingaphezulu, kwaye ziyakwazi ukubona umgama wezinto ezininzi zokuxhathisa izinto ezincinci. i-vibration, ingxolo ye-ambient, i-radiation ye-infrared kunye ne-electromagnetic interference.Imizekelo yezicelo ezisebenzisa i-ultrasonic sensor sensors iquka ukufumanisa inqanaba lolwelo, ukubala ngokukhawuleza kwezinto, iinkqubo ze-robotic navigation, kunye ne-automotive sensor. kunye nemiqondiso yokucubungula (Umfanekiso 5).
Abenzi boluvo bendawo banokulinganisa umgca opheleleyo okanye ohambelana nomgca, ukujikeleza kunye nokunyuka kwe-angular yezinto.Ii-sensor zesikhundla zinokulinganisa ukuhamba kwezixhobo ezifana ne-actuator okanye ii-motor.Zikwasetyenziswa kwiiplatifti zeselula ezifana neerobhothi kunye neemoto.Ubuchwephesha obuhlukeneyo busetyenziswa kwi-sensor yesikhundla kunye nokudibanisa okuhlukeneyo kokusingqongileyo, iindleko, ukuchaneka, ukuchaneka, ukuchaneka, ukuchaneka kunye nokunye.
I-3D Magnetic Position Sensors, i-Allegro MicrosystemsUkuhlalutya kunye nokuPhucula uKhuseleko lwe-Ultrasonic Sensors for Autonomous Vehicles, IEEE Internet of Things Journal Indlela yokukhetha isivamvo sendawo, iCambridge Integrated CircuitsPosition isivamvo iintlobo, Ixthus InstrumentationYintoni isivamvo sendawo yokufundisa?, I-KeynsitionSensitiveK yintoni i-PosineSensitiveK?
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