Los ntawm robotic tsav chains mus rau conveyor txoj siv nyob rau hauv kev muab saw hlau ua hauj lwm mus rau sway ntawm cua turbine yees, txoj hauj lwm sensing yog ib qho tseem ceeb muaj nuj nqi nyob rau hauv ib tug ntau yam ntawm daim ntaub ntawv.Nws muaj peev xwm siv tau ntau yam ntaub ntawv, xws li linear, teb, angular, kiag li, incremental, contact thiab non-contact sensors.Pospecialized sensors tau tsim peb txoj hauj lwm intechnologies. muaj xws li potentiometric, inductive, eddy tam sim no, capacitive, magnetostrictive, Hall nyhuv, fiber ntau optic, kho qhov muag thiab ultrasonic.
Cov FAQ no muab cov lus qhia luv luv rau ntau hom kev paub txog txoj haujlwm, tom qab ntawd tshuaj xyuas ntau yam thev naus laus zis uas cov neeg tsim qauv tuaj yeem xaiv los ntawm thaum siv qhov kev ntsuas kev daws teeb meem.
Potentiometric txoj hauj lwm sensors yog cov khoom siv tiv thaiv uas ua ke nrog kev ruaj khov kho nrog lub wiper txuas rau cov khoom uas nws txoj hauj lwm yuav tsum tau hnov.Qhov kev txav ntawm cov khoom txav cov wipers raws tus khiav.Qhov txoj hauj lwm ntawm cov khoom yog ntsuas los ntawm kev siv ib tug voltage divider network tsim los ntawm rails thiab wipers los ntsuas linear los yog rotational motion nrog ib tug taag 1 metric voltage DC (P. muaj qhov tseeb tsawg thiab rov ua dua.
Inductive txoj hauj lwm sensors siv cov kev hloov hauv cov khoom ntawm lub magnetic teb induced nyob rau hauv lub sensor coil.Nyob ntawm lawv cov architecture, lawv muaj peev xwm ntsuas linear los yog rotational txoj hauj lwm.Linear Variable Differential Transformer (LVDT) txoj hauj lwm sensors siv peb coils qhwv ib ncig ntawm lub hollow raj; Thawj kauj thiab ob lub coils yog txuas nrog hauv series, thiab cov theem kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov kauj theem thib ob yog 180 ° tawm ntawm theem nrog kev hwm rau thawj kauj.A ferromagnetic core hu ua armature yog muab tso rau hauv lub raj thiab txuas nrog cov khoom ntawm qhov chaw raug ntsuas.Ib qho excitation voltage yog siv rau thawj kauj thiab ib qho hluav taws xob hluav taws xob theem nrab (EMF). coils, tus txheeb ze txoj hauj lwm ntawm armature thiab dab tsi nws txuas nrog yuav txiav txim tau.A rotating voltage differential transformer (RVDT) siv tib cov txheej txheem los taug qab rotating txoj hauj lwm.LVDT thiab RVDT sensors muab zoo raug, linearity, daws teeb meem thiab siab rhiab heev.Lawv yog frictionless thiab yuav muab kaw rau siv nyob rau hauv hnyav ib puag ncig.
Eddy tam sim no txoj hauj lwm sensors ua hauj lwm nrog cov khoom conductive.Eddy tam sim no yog induced tam sim no uas tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv conductive nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm ib tug hloov magnetic teb.Cov tam sim no ntws nyob rau hauv ib tug kaw voj thiab tsim ib tug thib ob magnetic teb.Eddy tam sim no sensors muaj xws li coils thiab linearization circuits.Cov alternating tam sim no energizes lub kauj los tsim ib tug thawj sib nqus txoj hauj lwm ntawm coil. Siv cov kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm qhov chaw nruab nrab uas tsim los ntawm cov eddy tam sim no, uas cuam tshuam rau lub coil impedance.Thaum cov khoom tau los ze zog rau lub kauj, cov eddy tam sim no poob nce thiab oscillating voltage yuav me me (Daim duab 2).Lub oscillating voltage yog rectified thiab ua tiav los ntawm ib tug linearizer Circuit Court los tsim ib tug linear DC tso zis proportional.
Eddy cov khoom siv tam sim no yog rugged, cov khoom siv tsis sib cuag feem ntau yog siv los ua qhov sib thooj sensors.Lawv yog omnidirectional thiab tuaj yeem txiav txim siab qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov khoom, tab sis tsis yog qhov kev taw qhia lossis qhov deb ntawm qhov khoom.
Raws li lub npe qhia, capacitive txoj hauj lwm sensors ntsuas qhov kev hloov ntawm capacitance los txiav txim txoj hauj lwm ntawm cov khoom raug sensed.Cov tsis sib cuag sensors no yuav siv tau los ntsuas linear los yog rotational txoj hauj lwm.Lawv muaj ob daim hlau sib cais los ntawm ib tug dielectric khoom thiab siv ib tug ntawm ob txoj kev los xyuas qhov chaw ntawm ib yam khoom:
Txhawm rau ua kom muaj kev hloov pauv hauv qhov dielectric tas li, cov khoom uas nws txoj hauj lwm yuav tsum tau kuaj pom yog txuas nrog cov khoom siv dielectric.Raws li cov khoom siv dielectric txav, qhov zoo dielectric tas li ntawm lub capacitor hloov vim qhov sib xyaw ntawm thaj tsam ntawm cov khoom siv dielectric thiab cov dielectric tas li ntawm huab cua.Xwb, cov khoom tuaj yeem txuas nrog ib qho ntawm cov khoom txav, cov phaj txav los yog cov phaj txav deb. thiab qhov kev hloov hauv capacitance yog siv los txiav txim qhov chaw txheeb ze.
Capacitive sensors tuaj yeem ntsuas qhov kev hloov pauv, qhov deb, txoj hauj lwm thiab qhov tuab ntawm cov khoom.Vim lawv cov teeb liab siab ruaj khov thiab kev daws teeb meem, capacitive displacement sensors yog siv hauv chav kuaj thiab chaw ua haujlwm.Piv txwv li, capacitive sensors yog siv los ntsuas cov yeeb yaj kiab thickness thiab nplaum daim ntaub ntawv hauv cov txheej txheem siv tshuab.
Magnetostriction yog ib yam khoom ntawm ferromagnetic cov ntaub ntawv uas ua rau cov khoom hloov nws qhov loj los yog cov duab thaum siv magnetic teb.Nyob rau hauv ib tug magnetostrictive txoj hauj lwm sensor, ib tug movable txoj hauj lwm hlau nplaum yog txuas mus rau cov khoom uas ntsuas. tsim nyob rau hauv cov hlau uas cuam tshuam nrog axial magnetic teb ntawm cov hlau nplaum ruaj khov (cov hlau nplaum nyob rau hauv lub tog raj kheej piston, daim duab 3a).Qhov kev sib cuam tshuam yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev sib tw (cov nyhuv Wiedemann), uas lim cov hlau, tsim cov acoustic pulse uas propagates raws lub waveguide thiab raug kuaj pom los ntawm lub nthwv dej ntawm cov yoj 3. elapsed lub sij hawm ntawm qhov pib ntawm cov mem tes tam sim no thiab kev tshawb pom ntawm acoustic mem tes, qhov txheeb ze ntawm txoj hauj lwm hlau nplaum thiab yog li cov khoom tuaj yeem ntsuas tau (Daim duab 3c).
Magnetostrictive txoj hauj lwm sensors yog cov tsis sib cuag sensors siv los xyuas txog txoj hauj lwm linear.Waveguides feem ntau nyob hauv stainless hlau los yog txhuas raj, ua kom cov sensors siv rau hauv qhov chaw qias neeg lossis ntub dej.
Thaum ib tug nyias, tiaj tus neeg xyuas pib muab tso rau hauv ib qho chaw sib nqus, txhua qhov tam sim no ntws mus rau ntawm ib sab ntawm tus neeg xyuas pib, tsim kom muaj qhov sib txawv hu ua Hall voltage.Yog tias tam sim no nyob rau hauv tus neeg xyuas pib tsis tu ncua, qhov loj ntawm Hall voltage yuav cuam tshuam lub zog ntawm lub magnetic teb. Ua rau muaj qhov hloov pauv ntawm Hall voltage.Los ntawm kev ntsuas Hall voltage, txoj haujlwm ntawm ib qho khoom tuaj yeem txiav txim siab.Muaj tshwj xeeb Hall-effect position sensors uas tuaj yeem txiav txim siab txoj haujlwm hauv peb qhov ntev (Daim duab 4).Hall-effect position sensors yog cov khoom siv tsis sib cuag uas muaj kev ntseeg siab thiab ceev ceev, thiab ua haujlwm dhau qhov kub ntau.
Muaj ob hom kev siv fiber ntau optic sensors.In intrinsic fiber optic sensors, fiber ntau yog siv los ua lub ntsiab lus.In sab nraud fiber optic sensors, fiber optics tau ua ke nrog lwm lub tshuab sensor los relay lub teeb liab rau tej thaj chaw deb electronics rau kev ua. optical frequency domain reflectometer.Fiber optic sensors tiv thaiv electromagnetic cuam tshuam, tuaj yeem tsim los ua haujlwm ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, thiab tsis yog-conductive, yog li lawv tuaj yeem siv nyob ze ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob siab lossis cov khoom siv hluav taws xob.
Lwm fiber-optic sensing raws li fiber ntau Bragg grating (FBG) technology kuj siv tau rau txoj hauj lwm ntsuas.The FBG ua raws li ib tug notch lim, xav txog ib feem me me ntawm lub teeb nyob rau hauv lub Bragg wavelength (λB) thaum illuminated los ntawm dav-spectrum teeb. siab, qaij, txav, acceleration thiab load.
Muaj ob hom optical txoj hauj lwm sensors, tseem hu ua optical encoders.Ib rooj plaub, lub teeb raug xa mus rau ib tug receiver nyob rau hauv lub kawg ntawm lub sensor.Nyob rau hauv lub thib ob hom, lub emission teeb liab yog reflected los ntawm cov khoom soj ntsuam thiab xa rov qab mus rau lub teeb qhov chaw.Raws li tus sensor tsim, kev hloov nyob rau hauv lub teeb zog, xws li wavelength, siv, theem los yog polarization txoj hauj lwm ntawm lub sensor yog siv. muaj nyob rau hauv linear thiab rotary motion.Cov sensors poob rau hauv peb pawg loj; transmissive optical encoders, reflective optical encoders, thiab interferometric optical encoders.
Ultrasonic txoj hauj lwm sensors siv piezoelectric siv lead ua transducers los emit high-frequency ultrasonic nthwv dej.Lub sensor ntsuas lub suab reflected.Ultrasonic sensors yuav siv tau raws li yooj yim sib xws sensors, los yog ntau complex designs yuav muab ntau yam ntaub ntawv.Ultrasonic txoj hauj lwm sensors ua hauj lwm nrog lub hom phiaj ntawm ntau yam ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thiab nto nta, thiab muaj peev xwm ntes cov khoom me me ntawm ntau hom kev vibrations. ambient suab nrov, infrared hluav taws xob thiab electromagnetic cuam tshuam.Piv txwv ntawm daim ntawv thov siv ultrasonic txoj hauj lwm sensors muaj xws li cov kua theem kuaj, high-speed suav ntawm cov khoom, robotic navigation systems, thiab automotive sensing.A ib txwm automotive ultrasonic sensor muaj ib tug yas vaj tse, ib tug piezoelectric transducer nrog ib tug ntxiv daim nyias nyias, thiab ib tug luam circuits thiab transducer board. teeb liab (Daim duab 5).
Txoj hauj lwm sensors tuaj yeem ntsuas qhov tseeb lossis txheeb ze linear, rotational thiab angular motion ntawm cov khoom.Position sensors tuaj yeem ntsuas qhov txav ntawm cov khoom siv xws li actuators lossis motors.Lawv kuj tau siv rau hauv mobile platforms xws li robots thiab tsheb.Av ntau yam thev naus laus zis yog siv nyob rau hauv txoj hauj lwm sensors nrog ntau yam kev sib txuas ntawm ib puag ncig durability, nqi, rov ua dua.
3D Sib Nqus Position Sensors, Allegro MicrosystemsTanalyzing thiab Enhancing the Security of Ultrasonic Sensors for Autonomous Vehicles, IEEE Internet of Things Journal Yuav ua li cas xaiv ib txoj hauj lwm sensor, Cambridge Integrated CircuitsPosition sensor hom, Ixthus Instrumentation Dab tsi yog inductive txoj hauj lwm sensor?, Keyence Po Magneto yog dab tsi?
Xauj cov teeb meem tshiab kawg ntawm Tsim Ntiaj Teb thiab cov teeb meem rov qab rau hauv ib qho yooj yim-rau-siv, zoo hom. Kho kom raug, sib qhia thiab rub tawm hnub no nrog cov thawj coj tsim engineering magazine.
Lub ntiaj teb cov teeb meem daws teeb meem EE lub rooj sab laj npog microcontrollers, DSP, kev sib txuas lus, analog thiab digital tsim, RF, hluav taws xob hluav taws xob, PCB routing, thiab lwm yam
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