Daga sarƙoƙin tuƙi na robot zuwa bel ɗin jigilar kaya a cikin ayyukan sarƙoƙin wadata zuwa girgizar hasumiyoyin injinan iska, fahimtar matsayi muhimmin aiki ne a cikin aikace-aikace iri-iri. Yana iya ɗaukar siffofi da yawa, gami da na'urori masu auna layi, juyawa, kusurwa, cikakke, ƙarami, na'urori masu auna lamba da waɗanda ba sa hulɗa. An ƙirƙiri na'urori masu auna matsayi na musamman waɗanda za su iya tantance matsayi a girma uku. Fasahar tantance matsayi sun haɗa da potentiometric, inductive, eddy current, capacitive, magnetostrictive, Hall effect, fiber optic, optical da ultrasonic.
Wannan Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi game da matsayi yana gabatar da ɗan gajeren bayani game da nau'ikan fahimtar matsayi daban-daban, sannan ya sake duba nau'ikan fasahohin da masu zane-zane za su iya zaɓa daga ciki yayin aiwatar da mafita ta fahimtar matsayi.
Na'urori masu auna matsayi na Potentiometric na'urori ne da suka dogara da juriya waɗanda ke haɗa hanyar juriya mai ƙarfi tare da gogewa da aka haɗa da abin da ake buƙatar a ji a wurinsa. Motsin abin yana motsa gogewa a kan hanyar. Ana auna matsayin abin ta amfani da hanyar raba wutar lantarki da aka ƙirƙira ta hanyar layuka da masu gogewa don auna motsi na layi ko juyawa tare da madaidaicin ƙarfin DC (Hoto na 1). Na'urori masu auna ƙarfin lantarki suna da ƙarancin farashi, amma gabaɗaya suna da ƙarancin daidaito da maimaitawa.
Na'urori masu auna matsayi na inductive suna amfani da canje-canje a cikin halayen filin maganadisu da aka haifar a cikin na'urar firikwensin. Dangane da tsarin ginin su, suna iya auna matsayin layi ko na juyawa. Na'urori masu auna matsayi na Linear Variable Variable Transformer (LVDT) suna amfani da na'urori uku da aka naɗe a kusa da bututu mai rami; na'urar firikwensin farko da na'urori biyu na sakandare. Ana haɗa na'urorin a jere, kuma dangantakar mataki na na'urar firikwensin ta biyu tana da nisan 180° daga mataki dangane da na'urar firikwensin farko. Ana sanya tsakiyar ferromagnetic da ake kira armature a cikin bututun kuma an haɗa shi da abin da ke wurin da ake aunawa. Ana amfani da ƙarfin motsawa zuwa na'urar firikwensin farko kuma ana haifar da ƙarfin lantarki (EMF) a cikin na'urar firikwensin ta biyu. Ta hanyar auna bambancin ƙarfin lantarki tsakanin na'urorin firikwensin ta biyu, ana iya tantance matsayin na'urar da abin da aka haɗa da shi. Na'urar firikwensin bambancin ƙarfin lantarki mai juyawa (RVDT) tana amfani da wannan dabarar don bin diddigin matsayin juyawa. Na'urori masu auna LVDT da RVDT suna ba da daidaito mai kyau, layi, ƙuduri da babban hankali. Ba su da gogayya kuma ana iya rufe su don amfani a cikin mawuyacin yanayi.
Na'urori masu auna matsayi na halin yanzu na Eddy suna aiki tare da abubuwan da ke haifar da wutar lantarki. Eddy currents sune kwararar da ke faruwa a cikin kayan da ke haifar da wutar lantarki a gaban filin maganadisu mai canzawa. Waɗannan kwararar suna gudana a cikin madauki a rufe kuma suna samar da filin maganadisu na biyu. Na'urori masu auna halin yanzu na Eddy sun ƙunshi na'urori masu auna sigina da da'irorin layi. Wutar lantarki mai canzawa tana ba da kuzari ga na'urar don ƙirƙirar babban filin maganadisu. Lokacin da wani abu ya kusanci ko ya motsa daga na'urar, ana iya jin matsayinsa ta amfani da hulɗar filin sakandare da aka samar ta hanyar kwararar lantarki na eddy, wanda ke shafar juriyar na'urar. Yayin da abin ke kusantowa da na'urar, asarar wutar lantarki na eddy yana ƙaruwa kuma ƙarfin wutar lantarki mai juyawa ya zama ƙarami (Hoto na 2). Ana gyara wutar lantarki mai juyawa kuma ana sarrafa ta ta hanyar da'irar layi don samar da fitarwa ta DC mai layi daidai da nisan abin.
Na'urorin lantarki na Eddy current na'urori ne masu ƙarfi, waɗanda ba sa taɓawa waɗanda galibi ake amfani da su azaman na'urori masu auna kusanci. Suna da hanya ɗaya ko'ina kuma suna iya tantance nisan da ke tsakanin abu da abin, amma ba alkibla ko cikakken nisan da ke tsakanin abu ba.
Kamar yadda sunan ya nuna, na'urori masu auna matsayi na capacitive suna auna canje-canje a cikin ƙarfin don tantance matsayin abin da ake ji. Waɗannan na'urori masu aunawa marasa hulɗa ana iya amfani da su don auna matsayin layi ko na juyawa. Sun ƙunshi faranti biyu da aka raba ta hanyar kayan dielectric kuma suna amfani da ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyi biyu don gano matsayin abu:
Domin haifar da canji a cikin madaidaitan dielectric, abin da za a gano matsayinsa yana haɗe da kayan dielectric. Yayin da kayan dielectric ke motsawa, madaidaitan dielectric mai tasiri na capacitor yana canzawa saboda haɗuwar yankin kayan dielectric da madaidaitan dielectric na iska. A madadin haka, ana iya haɗa abin da ke cikin ɗaya daga cikin faranti na capacitor. Yayin da abin ke motsawa, faranti suna matsawa kusa ko nesa, kuma ana amfani da canjin capacitance don tantance matsayin dangi.
Na'urori masu auna karfin aiki na iya auna motsi, nisa, matsayi da kauri na abubuwa. Saboda karfin kwanciyar hankali da ƙudurin sigina, ana amfani da na'urori masu auna karfin aiki a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje da kuma muhallin masana'antu. Misali, ana amfani da na'urori masu auna karfin aiki don auna kauri da aikace-aikacen mannewa a cikin hanyoyin sarrafa kansa. A cikin injunan masana'antu, ana amfani da su don sa ido kan matsawa da matsayin kayan aiki.
Magnetostriction siffa ce ta kayan ferromagnetic wanda ke sa kayan ya canza girmansa ko siffarsa lokacin da aka yi amfani da filin maganadisu. A cikin firikwensin matsayi na magnetostrictive, ana haɗa maganadisu matsayi mai motsi zuwa ga abin da ake aunawa. Ya ƙunshi jagorar wave wanda ya ƙunshi wayoyi waɗanda ke ɗauke da bugun wuta, wanda aka haɗa da firikwensin da ke ƙarshen jagorar wave (Hoto na 3). Lokacin da aka aika bugun wuta ta hanyar jagorar wave, ana ƙirƙirar filin maganadisu a cikin wayar da ke hulɗa da filin maganadisu na axial na magnet na dindindin (magnetiza a cikin piston silinda, Hoto na 3a). Hulɗar filin tana faruwa ne ta hanyar juyawa (tasirin Wiedemann), wanda ke karkatar da wayar, yana samar da bugun murya wanda ke yaɗuwa tare da jagorar wave kuma firikwensin a ƙarshen jagorar wave ya gano shi (Hoto na 3b). Ta hanyar auna lokacin da ya wuce tsakanin fara bugun wuta da gano bugun acoustic, ana iya auna matsayin maganadisu na matsayi da kuma abin (Hoto na 3c).
Na'urorin auna matsayi na Magnetostrictive firikwensin da ba sa hulɗa da juna ba ne da ake amfani da su don gano matsayin layi. Sau da yawa ana sanya jagororin raƙuman ruwa a cikin bututun bakin ƙarfe ko aluminum, wanda ke ba da damar amfani da waɗannan na'urori a cikin yanayi mai datti ko danshi.
Idan aka sanya sirara mai lebur a cikin filin maganadisu, duk wani kwararar wutar lantarki yana taruwa a gefe ɗaya na mai gudanarwa, yana haifar da bambanci mai yuwuwa da ake kira ƙarfin Hall. Idan kwararar wutar lantarki a cikin mai gudanarwa ta kasance mai dorewa, girman ƙarfin Hall zai nuna ƙarfin filin maganadisu. A cikin firikwensin matsayi na Hall-effect, abin yana haɗuwa da maganadisu da aka sanya a cikin shaft ɗin firikwensin. Yayin da abin ke motsawa, matsayin maganadisu yana canzawa dangane da abin Hall, wanda ke haifar da canjin ƙarfin Hall. Ta hanyar auna ƙarfin Hall, ana iya tantance matsayin abu. Akwai firikwensin matsayi na Hall-effect na musamman waɗanda zasu iya tantance matsayi a girma uku (Hoto na 4). Firikwensin matsayi na Hall-effect na'urori ne marasa hulɗa waɗanda ke ba da babban aminci da saurin ji, kuma suna aiki akan kewayon zafin jiki mai faɗi. Ana amfani da su a cikin aikace-aikacen mabukaci, masana'antu, motoci da na likita.
Akwai nau'ikan na'urori masu auna firikwensin fiber optic guda biyu. A cikin na'urori masu auna firikwensin fiber optic na ciki, ana amfani da zare a matsayin abin da ake ji. A cikin na'urori masu auna firikwensin fiber na waje, ana haɗa zare optics tare da wata fasahar firikwensin don isar da siginar zuwa na'urorin lantarki masu nisa don sarrafawa. A cikin yanayin ma'aunin matsayin zare na ciki, ana iya amfani da na'ura kamar na'urar auna firikwensin lokaci don tantance jinkirin lokaci. Ana iya ƙididdige canjin tsawon rai ta amfani da kayan aiki wanda ke aiwatar da na'urar auna firikwensin mitar gani. Na'urori masu auna firikwensin fiber optic ba su da kariya daga tsangwama na lantarki, ana iya tsara su don aiki a yanayin zafi mai yawa, kuma ba sa aiki, don haka ana iya amfani da su kusa da matsin lamba mai yawa ko kayan da za a iya ƙonewa.
Ana iya amfani da wani na'urar gano fiber-optic bisa fasahar fiber Bragg grating (FBG) don auna matsayi. FBG yana aiki azaman matattarar notch, yana nuna ƙaramin juzu'i na hasken da ke tsakiya akan tsawon Bragg (λB) lokacin da hasken ya haskaka ta hanyar hasken bakan gizo. An ƙera shi da ƙananan tsarin da aka ƙera a cikin tsakiyar zare. Ana iya amfani da FBGs don auna sigogi daban-daban kamar zafin jiki, matsin lamba, matsin lamba, karkatarwa, ƙaura, hanzari da kaya.
Akwai nau'ikan na'urori masu auna matsayi guda biyu, waɗanda aka fi sani da na'urorin auna haske. A wani yanayi, ana aika haske zuwa ga mai karɓa a ɗayan ƙarshen na'urar. A nau'i na biyu, siginar hasken da aka fitar tana nuna ta abin da aka sa ido a kai kuma ana mayar da ita zuwa tushen haske. Dangane da ƙirar na'urori masu auna haske, ana amfani da canje-canje a cikin halayen haske, kamar tsawon rai, ƙarfi, lokaci ko polarization, don tantance matsayin abu. Na'urori masu auna matsayi na gani waɗanda ke tushen Encoder suna samuwa don motsi na layi da juyawa. Waɗannan na'urori masu auna haske sun faɗi cikin manyan rukuni uku; na'urori masu auna haske masu watsawa, na'urori masu auna haske masu haske, da na'urori masu auna haske masu tsaka-tsaki.
Na'urorin auna matsayi na ultrasonic suna amfani da na'urorin auna piezoelectric kristal don fitar da raƙuman ultrasonic masu yawan mita. Na'urar auna sautin da aka nuna. Ana iya amfani da na'urori masu auna kusanci masu sauƙi, ko ƙira masu rikitarwa na iya samar da bayanai masu yawa. Na'urorin auna matsayi na ultraviolet suna aiki tare da abubuwan da aka nufa na kayan aiki iri-iri da fasalulluka na saman, kuma suna iya gano ƙananan abubuwa a nesa fiye da sauran nau'ikan na'urori masu auna matsayi. Suna da juriya ga girgiza, hayaniyar yanayi, hasken infrared da tsangwama na lantarki. Misalan aikace-aikacen da ke amfani da na'urori masu auna matsayi na ultrasonic sun haɗa da gano matakin ruwa, ƙidaya abubuwa masu sauri, tsarin kewayawa na robotic, da kuma fahimtar mota. Na'urar auna matsayi na ultrasonic na mota ta yau da kullun ta ƙunshi wurin filastik, na'urar auna piezoelectric tare da ƙarin membrane, da kuma allon da'ira da aka buga tare da da'irori na lantarki da ƙananan masu sarrafawa don watsawa, karɓa, da sarrafawa sigina (Hoto na 5).
Na'urori masu auna matsayi na iya auna motsi na layi, juyawa da kusurwa na abubuwa. Na'urori masu auna matsayi na iya auna motsi na na'urori kamar masu kunna ko injina. Haka kuma ana amfani da su a dandamalin wayar hannu kamar robot da motoci. Ana amfani da fasahohi iri-iri a cikin na'urori masu auna matsayi tare da haɗuwa daban-daban na dorewar muhalli, farashi, daidaito, maimaitawa, da sauran halaye.
Na'urorin Firikwensin Matsayi na Magnetic 3D, Allegro MicrosystemsBincike da Inganta Tsaron Na'urori Masu Sauƙi na Ultrasonic don Motoci Masu Zaman Kansu, IEEE Internet of Things Journal Yadda ake zaɓar na'urar firikwensin matsayi, Da'irori Masu Haɗaka na Cambridge Nau'ikan na'urori masu auna matsayi, Kayan aikin Ixthus Menene na'urar firikwensin matsayi na inductive?, Keyence Menene na'urar firikwensin Matsayi na Magnetostrictive?, AMETEK
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