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Kweli phepha, i-220GHz i-broadband high-power interleaved double-blade wave wave tube yenzelwe kwaye iqinisekisiwe.Okokuqala, iplani yeplani ye-double-beam staggered double-blade-slow-wave structure iyacetywa.Ngokusebenzisa i-double-mode-operation scheme, ukuhanjiswa kwentsebenzo kunye ne-bandwidth iphantse iphindwe kabini kwimowudi enye.Okwesibini, iimfuno zokuphuma kwe-tube ehambayo kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wokuhamba kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wokuhamba kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wokuhamba. I-pencil-shaped electronic optical system yenziwe, i-voltage yokuqhuba yi-20 ~ 21 kV, kwaye yangoku yi-2 × 80 mA. Uyilo lweenjongo. Ngokusebenzisa i-mask part kunye nokulawula i-electrode kwi-double beam gun, imiqadi emibini yepensile inokugxininiswa kunye namaziko abo kunye nomlinganiselo woxinzelelo lwe-7, umgama wogxininiso une-8mm yogxininiso kunye ne-8mm yogxininiso. Ukuhanjiswa komgama ozinzileyo weplana ye-electron beam ephindwe kabini inokufikelela kwi-45 mm, kwaye intsimi yamagnetic egxininisekile yi-0.6 T, eyaneleyo ukugubungela yonke inkqubo ye-frequency ephezulu (HFS) . Emva koko, ukuqinisekisa ukusetyenziswa kwenkqubo ye-electron-optical kunye nokusebenza kwesakhiwo esicothayo, i-cell particle (PIC) ibonise iziphumo zokulinganisa ukuba yonke i-HFS ingenziwa. Incopho amandla imveliso phantse 310 W kwi 220 GHz, umbane ophuculweyo umqadi yi 20.6 kV, umqadi ngoku 2 × 80 mA, inzuzo yi 38 dB, kunye 3-dB bandwidth idlula 35 dB malunga 70 GHz. Ekugqibeleni, eliphezulu-uchaneka lwenziwa iziphumo ze-HFS, intsebenzo echanekileyo ye-HFS, i-microstructure ye-HFS I-bandwidth kunye neempawu zokuhambisa zihambelana kakuhle kunye neziphumo zokulinganisa.Ngoko ke, iskimu esicetywayo kweli phepha kulindeleke ukuba siphuhlise amandla aphezulu, imithombo ye-radiation ye-ultra-broadband ye-terahertz-band enokubakho kwizicelo ezizayo.
Njengesixhobo se-elektroniki se-vacuum yendabuko, i-tube ehambahambayo (TWT) idlala indima engenakulinganiswa kwizicelo ezininzi ezifana ne-radar ephezulu-resolution, iinkqubo zonxibelelwano lwesathelayithi, kunye nokuhlola indawo1,2,3.Nangona kunjalo, njengoko i-frequency yokusebenza ingena kwibhendi ye-terahertz, i-TWT yendabuko edibeneyo-cavity kunye ne-helical TWT ayikwazanga ukukhawulelana neemfuno zokuvelisa amandla aphantsi, ukukhawulelana nombane ophantsi kunye nokunciphisa amandla abantu. iinkqubo.Ngoko ke, indlela yokuphucula ngokubanzi ukusebenza kwebhendi yeTHz ibe ngumba oxhalabileyo kumaziko amaninzi ophando lwezenzululwazi.Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, izakhiwo zenoveli ezicothayo (SWSs), ezifana nezakhiwo ezigudileyo ezimbini (SDV) kunye nezakhiwo ezisongekileyo (FW), ziye zafumana ingqwalasela ebanzi ngenxa yezakhiwo zazo zendalo ezinokuthi zenzeke kunye ne-SDS ecetywayo. ngu-UC-Davis kwi-20084.Isakhiwo esicwangcisiweyo singenziwa lula yi-micro-nano processing techniques ezifana nolawulo lwamanani ekhompyutheni (CNC) kunye ne-UV-LIGA, isakhiwo se-package ye-metal yonke inokubonelela ngomthamo omkhulu we-thermal kunye namandla aphezulu aphumayo kunye nokuzuza, kunye nesakhiwo esifana ne-waveguide sinokubonelela nge-bandwidth ebanzi. iziphumo eziphezulu zamandla angaphezu kwe-100 W kwaye phantse i-14 GHz imiqondiso ye-bandwidth kwi-G-band5.Noko kunjalo, ezi ziphumo zisenezithuba ezingenako ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezinxulumene namandla aphezulu kunye ne-bandwidth ebanzi kwi-terahertz band.Kuba i-G-band ye-UC-Davis ye-SDV-TWT, imiqadi ye-electron sheet isetyenzisiwe.Nangona isicwangciso sangoku siphucula kakhulu, sinokuphucula ngokubonakalayo isicwangciso se-skimu esinokuphucula kakhulu. umgama wothumelo ngenxa yokungazinzi kwe-sheet beam electron optical system (EOS), kwaye kukho itonela ye-over-mode ye-beam, enokubangela ukuba i-beam ikwazi ukuzilawula. - I-Excitation kunye ne-oscillation ye-6,7.Ukuze kuhlangatyezwane neemfuno zamandla aphezulu aphumayo, i-bandwidth ebanzi kunye nokuzinza okulungileyo kwe-THz TWT, i-SDV-SWS ye-dual-beam SDV-SWS kunye nokusebenza kwe-mode-mode-mode indululwe kweli phepha.Oko kukuthi, ukwenzela ukwandisa i-bandwidth yokusebenza, ukusebenza kweendlela ezimbini kucetywayo kwaye kufakwe kule nkqubo yokwandisa i-penciar ye-penciar. Kwakhona isetyenzisiwe.Iirediyo zepensile enye zincinci ngokwentelekiso ngenxa yokunyanzelwa kobukhulu obuthe nkqo.Ukuba uxinaniso lwangoku luphezulu kakhulu, umqadi wangoku kufuneka uncitshiswe, okukhokelela kumandla asezantsi ngokwentelekiso.Ukuphucula i-beam yangoku, i-planar isasazwe i-multibeam EOS iye yavela, exhaphaza ubungakanani becala le-SWS.Ngenxa yokusasazwa kwe-multibeam ye-tunnel ephezulu, i-tonnel isasazwa ngokuzimeleyo. Ukugcina i-high total beam current kunye ne-current encinci kwi-beam nganye, enokuthi iphephe i-overmode ye-beam tunneling xa kuthelekiswa nezixhobo ze-sheet-beam.Ngoko ke, kunenzuzo ukugcina uzinzo lwetyhubhu ehambahambayo.Ngokwesiseko somsebenzi wangaphambili8,9, eli phepha liphakamisa i-G-band uniform magnetic field egxininise i-double pencil beam EOS, enokuphucula kakhulu umgama wokugqithiswa kwe-beam kunye nokuphucula kakhulu umgama wokugqithiswa kwe-beam kunye nokuphucula kakhulu umgama we-beam kunye nokuphucula ukuhanjiswa amandla emveliso.
Ukwakhiwa kweli phepha ngolu hlobo lulandelayo.Okokuqala, uyilo lweseli ye-SWS kunye neeparameters, uhlalutyo lweempawu zokusabalalisa kunye neziphumo zokulinganisa iifrikhwensi eziphakamileyo zichazwe.Emva koko, ngokuhambelana nesakhiwo seyunithi yeyunithi, i-double pencil beam EOS kunye nenkqubo yokusebenzisana kwe-beam yenzelwe kweli phepha.Iziphumo ze-Intracellular particle simulation simulation nazo zibonakaliswe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusetyenziswa kwe-EOS, kunye nephepha elibandayo le-TWT ekhoyo. iziphumo zovavanyo ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kwayo yonke HFS.Ekugqibeleni yenza isishwankathelo.
Njengenye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo ze-TWT, iipropati ezisasazekayo zesakhiwo esicothayo sibonisa ukuba isantya se-electron sihambelana nesantya sesigaba se-SWS, kwaye ngoko sinempembelelo enkulu kwintsebenziswano ye-beam-wave. pen beam, isakhiwo wamkela umqadi ipeni kabini ukuphucula ngakumbi imveliso amandla kunye nokusebenza uzinzo. Ngeli xesha, ukuze kwandiswe i-bandwidth yokusebenza, imowudi emibini iye yacetywa ukuba i-SWS isebenze.Ngenxa ye-symmetry yesakhiwo se-SDV, isisombululo se-equation ye-electromagnetic field dispersion equation inokwahlulwa ibe yi-odd kunye neendlela ezingaqhelekanga.Ngexesha elifanayo, imowudi engaqhelekanga ye-band frequency band kunye neyona ndlela yokuqonda i-band-band ye-band-band esetyenziswayo intsebenziswano, ngaloo ndlela iphucula ngakumbi umda wokusebenza.
Ngokweemfuno zamandla, ityhubhu yonke yenzelwe i-voltage ye-20 kV kunye ne-double beam current ye-2 × 80 mA. Ukuze ulungelelanise i-voltage ngokusondeleyo kangangoko kunokwenzeka kwi-bandwidth yokusebenza ye-SDV-SWS, kufuneka sibale ubude bexesha p.Ubudlelwane phakathi kombane we-beam kunye nexesha liboniswa kwi-equation (1)10:
Ngokuseta ukutshintshwa kwesigaba ukuya kwi-2.5π kumbindi we-220 GHz, ixesha p lingabalwa ukuba libe yi-0.46 mm I-265.4-280 GHz (nokuba imodi) ububanzi. Umzobo we-2b ubonisa i-impedance yokudibanisa i-avareji, enkulu kune-0.6 Ω ukusuka kwi-210 ukuya kwi-290 GHz, ebonisa ukuba ukusebenzisana okunamandla kunokwenzeka kwi-bandwidth yokusebenza.
(a) Iimpawu zokusasazwa kweendlela ezimbini ze-SDV-SWS kunye nomda we-electron we-20 kV.
Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba kukho i-gap yebhendi phakathi kweendlela ezingaqhelekanga kunye neendlela, kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo sibhekisela kule gap yebhendi njenge-stop band, njengoko kubonisiwe kwi-Figure 2a.Ukuba i-TWT iqhutywe kufuphi ne-frequency band, amandla okudibanisa i-beam angenzeka, okuya kukhokelela kwi-oscillations engafunwayo. kolu lwakhiwo olucothayo luyi-0.1 GHz kuphela. Kunzima ukufumanisa ukuba lo msantsa omncinci webhendi ubangela i-oscillations.Ngoko ke, ukuzinza komsebenzi ojikeleze i-stop band kuya kuphandwa kwicandelo lokulinganisa le-PIC elilandelayo ukuhlalutya ukuba i-oscillations engafunwayo ingenzeka.
Imodeli ye-HFS yonke iboniswe kwi-Figure 3. Iqukethe izigaba ezimbini ze-SDV-SWS, ezidityaniswe yi-Bragg reflectors.Umsebenzi we-reflector ukunqumla ukuhanjiswa kwesignali phakathi kwezigaba ezimbini, ukucinezela i-oscillation kunye nokubonakaliswa kweendlela ezingasebenziyo ezifana neendlela eziphezulu ze-oda ezenziwe phakathi kweendawo eziphezulu kunye nezantsi kwi-tube yangaphandle, ngokuphucula i-tube yonke, ngokuphucula i-tube. I-coupler ye-linear tapered nayo isetyenziselwa ukudibanisa i-SWS kwi-WR-4 ye-waveguide eqhelekileyo.I-coefficient yokuhanjiswa kwesakhiwo semigangatho emibini ilinganiswa ngumxazululi we-domain yexesha kwi-software ye-3D yokufanisa.Ukuqwalasela umphumo wangempela webhanti ye-terahertz kwizinto eziphathekayo, izinto eziphathekayo zemvulophu ye-vacuum ziyancipha ekuqaleni kwi-copper, kunye ne-1 × 22ivity.
Umzobo we-4 ubonisa iziphumo zothumelo lwe-HFS kunye kunye nangaphandle kwe-coupler tapered yomgca.Iziphumo zibonisa ukuba i-coupler inempembelelo encinci ekusebenzeni kokuhanjiswa kwayo yonke i-HFS.Ilahleko yokubuyisela (S11 <-10 dB) kunye nokulahlekelwa kokufaka (S21> - 5 dB) yenkqubo yonke kwi-207GHz ~ 280 yokuhanjiswa kwe-HFS elungileyo.
Njengoko unikezelo lwamandla lwezixhobo zombane ze-vacuum, i-electron gun inquma ngokuthe ngqo ukuba isixhobo siyakwazi ukuvelisa amandla okwaneleyo okuphumayo.Kudityaniswe nohlalutyo lwe-HFS kwiCandelo le-II, i-EOS ye-double-beam idinga ukuyilwa ukuze inike amandla okwaneleyo.Kule nxalenye, ngokusekelwe kumsebenzi wangaphambili kwi-W-band8,9, i-electron gun yepencil ephindwe kabini yenzelwe ukusetyenziswa kweplani ye-mask ye-mask kunye ne-SWA eboniswe kwiimfuno zoyilo lwe-mask yokuqala kunye nokulawula i-electrodes ye-electrodes ebonisiweyo. IKHIWANE. I-2, i-voltage yokuqhuba i-Ua yeeplanga ze-electron iqale ibekwe kwi-20 kV, imisinga I kwimiqadi ye-electron ezimbini zombini i-80 mA, kunye ne-diameter ye-dw ye-electron imiqadi yi-0.13 mm. Ngelo xesha, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba ukuxinwa kwangoku kwe-electron beam kunye ne-elektroni yoxinzelelo inokufezekiswa kwi-cathode I-7, ngoko ukuxinana kwangoku kwe-electron beam yi-603 A / cm2, kwaye ukuxinana kwangoku kwe-cathode yi-86 A / cm2, enokuthi iphunyezwe yi-Oku kuphunyezwa ngokusebenzisa izinto ezintsha ze-cathode.Ngokutsho kwethiyori yoyilo 14, 15, 16, 17, i-electron ye-Pierce ekhethekileyo echongiweyo isibhamu sinokuchongwa.
Umzobo wesi-5 ubonisa imizobo ethe tye kunye nethe nkqo yeskimu yompu, ngokulandelelanayo.Ingabonwa ukuba iprofayile ye-electron gun kwi-x-direction iphantse ifane neyompu we-electron oqhelekileyo weshiti, ngelixa i-y-directional imiqadi emibini ye-electron yahlulwe ngokuyinxenye yi-mask = i-5mm = i-5mm ye-mask = i-5 mm 0. 0 mm kunye x = 0.155 mm, y = 0 mm, ngokulandelanayo.Ngokuhambelana neemfuno zokuyila umlinganiselo wokunyanzeliswa kunye nobukhulu be-injection ye-electron, imilinganiselo yeendawo ezimbini ze-cathode zizimisele ukuba yi-0.91 mm × 0.13 mm.
Ukuze wenze intsimi yombane egxininisiweyo efunyenwe yi-electron beam nganye kwi-x-direction symmetrical malunga neziko layo, eli phepha lisebenzisa i-electrode yokulawula kwi-electron gun.Ngokubeka i-voltage ye-electrode egxininisekileyo kunye ne-electrode yokulawula ukuya ku--20 kV, kunye nombane we-anode ukuya kwi-0 V, sinokufumana i-electrode yokulawula i-dual begun. ibone ukuba ii-electron ezikhutshiweyo zinokucinezeleka kakuhle kwi-y-direction, kwaye i-electron beam nganye iguqulela kwi-x-direction kunye neziko layo le-symmetry, ebonisa ukuba i-electrode yokulawula ibhalansisa intsimi yombane engalinganiyo eyenziwa yi-electrode egxininisekileyo.
Umzobo wesi-7 ubonisa imvulophu yebhodi kwiindlela ze-x kunye ne-y. Iziphumo zibonisa ukuba umgama weprojekthi ye-electron beam kwi-x-direction ihluke kuleyo kwi-y-direction.Umgama wokuphosa kwicala le-x malunga ne-4mm, kwaye umgama wokuphosa kwicala le-y usondele kwi-7mm. Ngoko ke, umgama ochanekileyo wokuphosa kufuneka ukhethwe phakathi kwe-8 mm kunye ne-electron ye-7 mm. kwi-4.6 mm ukusuka kwi-cathode surface.Siyabona ukuba ubume becandelo lomnqamlezo lusondele kwi-standard ye-electron beam.Umgama phakathi kwe-electron beams ezimbini usondele kwi-0.31 mm eyilwe, kunye ne-radius malunga ne-0.13 mm, ehlangabezana neemfuno zoyilo.Umfanekiso we-9 ubonisa iziphumo zokulinganisa ze-electron beam ukuba i-7 ibonwe ngoku yi-7 yangoku, inokuba yi-7 yangoku yesivumelwano. kunye ne-80mA eyiliweyo.
Ukuqwalasela ukuguquguquka kwamandla ombane wokuqhuba kwizicelo eziphathekayo, kuyimfuneko ukufunda uvakalelo lombane kule modeli.Kuluhlu lwamandla ombane we-19.8 ~ 20.6 kV, iimvulophu zangoku kunye ne-beam zangoku zifunyenwe, njengoko kubonisiwe kuMzobo 1 kunye no-1.10 kunye no-11. utshintsho kuphela ukusuka kwi-0.74 ukuya kwi-0.78 A. Ngoko ke, kunokuqwalaselwa ukuba umpu we-electron owenziwe kweli phepha unovakalelo oluhle kumbane.
Isiphumo sokuhla kwamandla ombane okuqhuba kwiimvulophu zemiqadi ye-x kunye no-y.
I-uniform magnetic field focusing is a eqhelekileyo osisigxina umazibuthe system.Ngenxa yokuhanjiswa kwemagnethi efanayo kwijelo lombane, ifanelekile kakhulu kwimiqadi ye-electron ye-axisymmetric.Kweli candelo, inkqubo yogxininiso yemagnethi efanayo yokugcina ukuhanjiswa komgama omde wemiqadi yepensile ephindwe kabini kucetywayo.Ngokuhlalutya umbane owenziweyo owenziwe ngumbane kunye nenkqubo yoyilo lwemvulophu, inkqubo yoyilo lwemvulophu yengxaki, inkqubo yokuyila i-envelope ye-envelope, inkqubo yoyilo kunye ne-envelope yoyilo lwemvulophu. Ngokungqinelana nethiyori yothumelo oluzinzileyo lwentsimbi yepensile enye18,19, ixabiso le-Brillouin magnetic field lingabalwa nge-equation (2) .Kweli phepha, sikwasebenzisa olu ngqamaniso ukuqikelela intsimi yamagnetic ye-beam yepensile ephindwe kabini.Idityaniswe nompu we-electron owenziwe kweli phepha. Ref. I-20, i-1.5-2 amaxesha ixabiso elibaliweyo lidla ngokukhethwa kwizicwangciso eziphathekayo.
Umfanekiso we-12 ubonisa ulwakhiwo lwentsimi yemagnethi efanayo egxininise inkqubo.Inxalenye eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka yimagnethi esisigxina kwi-axial direction.Ukukhethwa kwezinto eziphathekayo yi-NdFeB okanye i-FeCoNi.I-remanence Br iseti kwimodeli yokulinganisa yi-1.3 T kunye nokugqithiswa kwe-1.05.Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuhanjiswa okuzinzile kwemagnethi, ubude be-mabuthe obuseta kwi-7 mm ubude kwisekethe yonke. Ukongeza, ubungakanani umazibuthe kulwalathiso x imisela ukuba intsimi kazibuthe ezinqamlezayo kwijelo umqadi iyunifomu, nto leyo efuna ukuba ubungakanani kwicala x ayikwazi ukuba ncinane kakhulu. Ngelo xesha, xa kuqwalaselwa iindleko kunye nobunzima yonke ityhubhu, ubungakanani umazibuthe akufunekanga ibe mkhulu kakhulu.Ngoko ke, iimagnethi zisetwa ekuqaleni ukuba 150 mm × 150 mm × 150 mm ngokucothayo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba yonke isekethe × 150 mm. inokubekwa kwinkqubo yokugxila, umgama phakathi kweemagnethi umiselwe kwi-20mm.
Ngo-2015, uPurna Chandra Panda21 ucebise isiqwenga sepali kunye nomngxuma omtsha onyathelayo kwinkqubo yokugxilwa kwemagnethi efanayo, enokuthi inciphise ngakumbi ubukhulu bokuvuza kwe-flux kwi-cathode kunye ne-transverse magnetic field eveliswa kwi-pole piece hole. amanyathelo amathathu yi-0.5mm, kwaye umgama phakathi kwemingxuma yepali yi-2mm, njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso we-13.
Umfanekiso we-14a ubonisa ukusasazwa kwemagnethi ye-axial kunye ne-centerlines ye-electron beams ezimbini.Kungabonwa ukuba amandla amagnetic field kunye nemiqadi ye-electron alinganayo.Ixabiso le-magnetic field limalunga ne-6000 Gs, eli-1.5 ngamaxesha e-thiyoretical intsimi ye-Brillouin yokwandisa ukuhanjiswa kunye nokugxininisa ukusebenza.Ngelo xesha, i-pali ye-catho ine-poledic ephantse i-pali yemagnetic i-pali egxininise Isiphumo esihle ekuthinteleni ukuvuza kombane.Umfanekiso we-14b ubonisa usasazo lwemagnethi enqamlezayo Ngokwalathiso luka-z kumphetho ongasentla wemiqadi ye-electron. Ukuthintela ukuhluthwa kwamagnetic kweziqwenga zepoleni, kuyimfuneko ukufunda amandla ombane wemagnethi ngaphakathi kweengcezu zepoleni.Umfanekiso we-14c ubonisa ixabiso elipheleleyo lokusasazwa kwemagnethi ngaphakathi kwesiqwenga se-pole.
Unikezelo lwamandla ommandla wemagnethi we-Br = 1.3 T.(a) Unikezelo lwebala le-Axial.(b) Ukuhanjiswa kwebala elisecaleni Ngokuya kwicala lika-z.(c) Ixabiso elipheleleyo losasazo lwebala phakathi kwepali.
Ngokusekelwe kwimodyuli ye-CST PS, indawo ye-axial ye-axial ye-dual beam gun kunye nenkqubo yokugxininisa iphuculwe.Ngokutsho kweNgcaciso. 9 kunye nokulinganisa, indawo efanelekileyo apho iqhekeza le-anode liwela isiqwenga sepali kude nemagnethi.Noko ke, kwafunyaniswa ukuba ukuba i-remanence imiselwe kwi-1.3T, ukuhanjiswa kwe-electron beam ayikwazanga ukufikelela kwi-99%.Ngokwandisa i-remanence ukuya kwi-1.4 T, intsimi yemagnethi egxininisekile iya kwandiswa kwi-0 ukuya kwi-Gzoz yo-6 kunye ne-Grozoz 6 kwi-GXOZ 6. iindiza ziboniswe kuMzobo 15. Ingabonwa ukuba i-boam inokuhanjiswa okulungileyo, ukuguquguquka okuncinci, kunye nomgama wokuhambisa omkhulu kune-45mm.
Iitrajethi zemiqadi yepensile ephindwe kabini phantsi kwenkqubo kazibuthe ene-homogeneous ene-Br = 1.4 T.(a) indiza ye-xoz.(b) yoz inqwelomoya.
Umzobo we-16 ubonisa i-cross-section of the beam kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo kude ne-cathode.Ingabonwa ukuba imo yecandelo le-beam kwinkqubo yokugxininisa igcinwe kakuhle, kwaye ububanzi becandelo alitshintshi kakhulu.Umfanekiso we-17 ubonisa iimvulophu ze-beam kwiindlela ze-x kunye ne-y, ngokulandelanayo.Ingabonwa ukuba ukuguquguquka kwecandelo le-broadcaction kwindlela yokugxila kugcinwe kakuhle, kwaye ububanzi becandelo alitshintshi kakhulu. ye-beam current.Iziphumo zibonisa ukuba okwangoku malunga ne-2 × 80 mA, ehambelana nexabiso elibalwe kwi-design gun electron.
I-electron beam cross section (ngenkqubo yokugxininisa) kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo kude ne-cathode.
Ukuqwalasela uchungechunge lweengxaki ezifana neempazamo zendibano, ukuguquguquka kwamandla ombane, kunye notshintsho kumandla ombane wemagnethi kwizicelo ezisebenzayo, kuyimfuneko ukuhlalutya uvakalelo lwenkqubo yokugxila.Ngenxa yokuba kukho umsantsa phakathi kweqhekeza le-anode kunye neqhekeza ekuqhubekekeni, lo msantsa kufuneka ubekwe kwi-simulation.Ixabiso le-gap lamiselwa kwi-0.2 mm kunye ne-envelope yangoku kwaye i-envelope yangoku ibonisa i-envelope yangoku kunye ne-envelope yangoku. isalathiso.Esi siphumo sibonisa ukuba utshintsho kwimvulophu ye-boam ayibalulekanga kwaye i-beam yangoku ayiguquki ngokukhawuleza.Ngoko ke, inkqubo ayikhathaleli kwiimpazamo zendibano.Ngokuguquguquka kombane oqhubayo, uluhlu lwephutha lubekwe ku-± 0.5 kV.Umfanekiso 19b ubonisa iziphumo zokuthelekisa.Ingabonwa ukuba utshintsho lwe-voltage lunempembelelo encinci kwi-beam ye-0.0. ngenxa yotshintsho kumandla kazibuthe.Iziphumo zokuthelekisa ziboniswe kuMfanekiso 20.Kungabonwa ukuba imvulophu ye-boam ayiguquki, oku kuthetha ukuba yonke i-EOS ayinaluvelwano kwiinguqu kumandla ombane.
Imvulophu yomqadi kunye neziphumo zangoku phantsi kwenkqubo efanayo yogxininiso lwemagnethi.(a) Ukunyamezela kweNdibano yi-0.2 mm.(b) Ukuguquguquka kwamandla ombane yi-±0.5 kV.
Imvulophu yomqadi phantsi kwenkqubo efanayo yemagnethi yokujolisa ene-axial magnetic field amandla aguquguqukayo ukusuka kwi-0.63 ukuya kwi-0.68 T.
Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba inkqubo yogxininiso eyenzelwe kweli phepha inokuhambelana ne-HFS, kuyimfuneko ukudibanisa inkqubo yokugxila kunye ne-HFS yophando.Umfanekiso we-21 ubonisa ukuthelekiswa kweemvulophu ze-beam kunye nangaphandle kwe-HFS elayishiwe.Iziphumo zibonisa ukuba imvulophu ye-boam ayitshintshi kakhulu xa i-HFS yonke ilayishiwe.Ngoko ke, inkqubo yokugxininisa ifanelekile kwi-tube ye-HFS ehamba phambili yoyilo.
Ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kwe-EOS ecetywayo kwiCandelo le-III kunye nokuphanda ukusebenza kwe-220 GHz SDV-TWT, ukulinganisa kwe-3D-PIC yokubambisana kwe-beam-wave kwenziwa.Ngenxa yokulinganiselwa kwesoftware yokulinganisa, asikwazanga ukongeza yonke i-EOS kwi-HFS.Ngoko ke, isibhamu se-electron satshintshwa kunye nomgama olinganayo we-0 mm kunye ne-3 elingana nomgama olinganayo phakathi kwe-3 mm. imiphezulu ye-0.31mm, iiparitha ezifanayo njenge-electron gun eyenzelwe ngasentla.Ngenxa yokungabi namvakalelo kunye nokuzinza okulungileyo kwe-EOS, i-voltage yokuqhuba inokuthi iphuculwe ngokufanelekileyo ukuze kuphunyezwe amandla angcono kakhulu okuphuma kwi-PIC ukulinganisa.Iziphumo zokulinganisa zibonisa ukuba amandla aphumayo agcweleyo kunye nokuzuza kunokufumaneka kwi-voltage yokuqhubela i-20.6 kV, i-beam ye-6 × 80 ye-Acm yangoku kunye ne-Acm ye-20. 0.05 W.
Ukuze ufumane isibonakaliso esihle kakhulu sokuphuma, inani lemijikelezo kufuneka liphuculwe.Amandla angcono kakhulu aphumayo afunyenwe xa inani lezigaba ezimbini ziyi-42 + 48 imijikelezo, njengoko kuboniswe kuMzobo 22a.A 0.05 W isignali yokufaka ikhuliswe ukuya kwi-314 W kunye nokuzuza kwe-38 dB.Imveliso ye-Fourking spectrum i-pure2 ye-purepu ye-Fourking i-pure2 ye-pure GHz.Umfanekiso wama-22b ubonisa indawo ye-axial yokuhanjiswa kwamandla eelektroni kwi-SWS, uninzi lwee-elektroni eziphulukana namandla.Esi siphumo sibonisa ukuba i-SDV-SWS inokuguqula amandla e-kinetic yee-electron zibe ziimpawu ze-RF, ngaloo ndlela iqonda ukukhulisa umqondiso.
Isiginali yemveliso ye-SDV-SWS kwi-220 GHz. (a) Amandla emveliso aquka i-spectrum.
Umzobo wama-23 ubonisa i-bandwidth yamandla emveliso kunye nokufumana i-double-mode dual-beam SDV-TWT.Imveliso yemveliso ingaphuculwa ngakumbi ngokutshayela amaza ukusuka kwi-200 ukuya kwi-275 GHz kunye nokwandisa i-voltage ye-drive.Esi siphumo sibonisa ukuba i-3-dB i-dB ingagubungela i-205 ukuya kwi-275 bandwidth yokusebenza enkulu, i-275 GHz.
Nangona kunjalo, ngokutsho kwe-Fig. 2a, siyazi ukuba kukho ibhendi yokumisa phakathi kweendlela ezingaqhelekanga kunye neendlela, ezinokuthi zikhokelele kwi-oscillations engafunekiyo.Ngoko ke, ukuzinza komsebenzi malunga nokumisa kufuneka kufundwe.Imifanekiso ye-24a-c yi-20 ns iziphumo zokulinganisa kwi-265.3 GHz, i-265.35, i-5GHz ngokulandelelana. iziphumo zokulinganisa zinokuguquguquka okuthile, amandla okuphuma azinzile.I-spectrum iphinde iboniswe kuMzobo we-24 ngokulandelelana, i-spectrum ihlambulukile.Ezi ziphumo zibonisa ukuba akukho-self-oscillation kufuphi ne-stopband.
Ukwenziwa kunye nokulinganisa kuyimfuneko ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kwayo yonke i-HFS.Kule nxalenye, i-HFS yenziwe ngokusebenzisa iteknoloji yokulawula amanani ekhompyutheni (CNC) kunye nesixhobo esine-diameter ye-0.1 mm kunye nokuchaneka kwe-machining ye-10 μm. Izinto eziphathekayo ze-high-frequency structure zinikezelwa yi-oxygen-free high-conductivity (OFguc) i-copper enesakhiwo esipheleleyo se-25. 66.00 mm, ububanzi be-20.00 mm kunye nobude be-8.66 mm. Imingxuma ye-pin esibhozo isasazwa malunga nesakhiwo.Umfanekiso we-25b ubonisa isakhiwo ngokuskena i-electron microscopy (SEM) 0.4μm.Isakhiwo somatshini sihlangabezana neemfuno zoyilo kunye nokuchaneka.
Umzobo wama-26 ubonisa uthelekiso phakathi kweziphumo zokwenyani zovavanyo kunye nokulinganisa ukusebenza kothumelo.Izibuko 1 kunye neZibuko 2 kuMfanekiso 26a zihambelana nengeniso nemveliso yamazibuko eHFS, ngokulandelelanayo, kwaye zilingana neZibuko 1 kunye neZibuko lesi-4 kuMzobo 3.Ezona ziphumo zomlinganiselo we-S11 zingcono kancinane kuneziphumo zexesha lokulinganisa. I-conductivity yempahla ebekwe kukulinganisa iphezulu kakhulu kwaye uburhabaxa bomphezulu emva komatshini wokwenene uhlwempuzekile.Kuko konke, iziphumo ezilinganisiweyo zihambelana kakuhle neziphumo zokulinganisa, kwaye i-bandwidth yokuhambisa ihlangabezana nemfuneko ye-70 GHz, eqinisekisa ukuba nokwenzeka kunye nokuchaneka kweendlela ezimbini ezicetywayo ze-SDV-TWT.Ngoko ke, idityaniswe kunye neyona ndlela yokuvavanya i-band-road, idityaniswe kunye neyona ndlela yokuvavanya i-broadband Uyilo lwe-SDV-TWT olucetywayo kweli phepha lunokusetyenziselwa ukwenziwa kunye nokusetyenziswa okulandelayo.
Kweli phepha, uyilo oluneenkcukacha losasazo olucwangcisiweyo lwe-220 GHz dual-beam SDV-TWT luvezwa.Udibaniso lwendlela yokusebenza kabini kunye ne-double-beam excitation kwandisa ngakumbi i-bandwidth yokusebenza kunye ne-output power.I-Family kunye novavanyo olubandayo luye lwaqhutyelwa ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kwayo yonke i-HFS. Iziphumo zokulinganisa ngokwenene zihambelana kakuhle neziphumo zokulinganisa. Kwi-EOS eyenzelwe i-beam ezimbini, icandelo le-mask kunye ne-electrode yokulawula isetyenzisiwe kunye ukuvelisa i-pencil beam ezimbini. Ngaphantsi kweyunifomu eyiliweyo egxininise kwintsimi yamagnetic, i-electron beam inokudluliselwa ngokuzinzileyo kwimigama emide kunye nesimo esihle. Kwixesha elizayo, ukuveliswa kunye nokuvavanywa kwe-EOS kuya kuqhutywa, kunye novavanyo olupheleleyo lwe-TW luya kuqhutywa. Isicwangciso soyilo lwe-SDV-TWT esicetywayo kweli phepha sidibanisa ngokupheleleyo iteknoloji yokucubungula inqwelomoya esele ikhulile, kwaye ibonisa amandla amakhulu kwizalathisi zokusebenza kunye nokusetyenzwa kunye nokuhlangana.Ngoko ke, eli phepha likholelwa ukuba ulwakhiwo olucwangcisiweyo lunokuthi lube yindlela yophuhliso lwezixhobo zombane ze-vacuum kwibhendi ye-terahertz.
Uninzi lwedatha eluhlaza kunye neemodeli zokuhlalutya kolu phononongo lufakwe kweli phepha.Olunye ulwazi olufanelekileyo lunokufumaneka kumbhali ohambelanayo ngesicelo esifanelekileyo.
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