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Mupepa rino, chubhu yekufambisa ye220GHz broadband ine simba guru yakabatana neblade mbiri yakagadzirwa uye yakasimbiswa. Chekutanga, chimiro che slow-wave chakagadzirwa ne planar double-beam staggered double-blade. Nekushandisa chirongwa chekushanda che dual-mode, mashandiro ekutumira uye bandwidth anenge akapetwa kaviri pane single-mode. Chechipiri, kuti isangane nezvinodiwa zvesimba rinobuda zvakanyanya uye kuvandudza kugadzikana kwe traveling wave tube, system ye electronic optical yakagadzirwa nepenzura mbiri, driving voltage iri 20~21 kV, uye current iri 2 × 80 mA. Zvinangwa zvekugadzira. Nekushandisa mask chikamu uye control electrode mu double beam gun, matanda maviri epenzura anogona kunangidzirwa pamwe chete nenzvimbo dzawo ne compression ratio ye7, focus distance iri inenge 0.18mm, uye kugadzikana kwakanaka. Uniform magnetic focus system yakagadziriswawo. Stable transmission distance ye planar double electron beam inogona kusvika 45 mm, uye focus magnetic field iri 0.6 T, iyo yakakwana kufukidza system yese ye high frequency (HFS). Zvadaro, kuti uone kuti Kugona kushandiswa kwe electron-optical system uye kushanda kwe slow-wave structure, particle cell (PIC) simulations kwakaitwawo paHFS yese. Zvakabuda zvinoratidza kuti beam-interaction system inogona kuwana peak output power inosvika 310 W pa 220 GHz, optimized beam voltage i20.6 kV, beam current i2 × 80 mA, gain i38 dB, uye 3-dB bandwidth inodarika 35 dB inenge 70 GHz. Pakupedzisira, high-precision microstructure yakagadzirwa kuti ione kushanda kweHFS, uye mhedzisiro inoratidza kuti bandwidth uye transmission hunhu zvinoenderana nemhedzisiro ye simulation. Saka, chirongwa chakataurwa mupepa rino chinotarisirwa kugadzira high-power, ultra-broadband terahertz-band radiation sources dzine mukana wekushandiswa mune ramangwana.
Sechishandiso chemagetsi chevacuum, traveling wave tube (TWT) inoita basa risingatsivike mumabasa akawanda akadai se high-resolution radar, satellite communication systems, uye space exploration1,2,3. Zvisinei, sezvo frequency yekushanda ichipinda mu terahertz band, traditional coupled-cavity TWT ne helical TWT hazvina kukwanisa kusangana nezvinodiwa nevanhu nekuda kwesimba shoma rekuburitsa, bandwidth yakamanikana, uye maitiro akaoma ekugadzira. Saka, nzira yekuvandudza zvizere mashandiro e THz band yave nyaya inonetsa zvikuru kune masangano mazhinji ekutsvagisa kwesainzi. Mumakore achangopfuura, zvivakwa zvitsva zve slow-wave (SWSs), zvakaita se staggered dual-blade (SDV) structures uye folded waveguide (FW) structures, zvave kutariswa zvakanyanya nekuda kwezvivakwa zvavo zve natural planar, kunyanya SDV-SWSs itsva dzine mukana wekutarisira. Chimiro ichi chakakurudzirwa naUC-Davis muna 20084. Chimiro che planar chinogona kugadzirwa nyore nyore ne micro-nano processing techniques dzakadai se computer numerical control (CNC) uye UV-LIGA, chimiro che all-metal package chinogona kupa simba guru rekupisa nesimba repamusoro rekuburitsa. uye kuwana, uye chimiro chakafanana newaveguide chinogonawo kupa bandwidth yakakura yekushanda. Parizvino, UC Davis yakaratidza kekutanga muna 2017 kuti SDV-TWT inogona kugadzira mabudiro esimba guru anopfuura 100 W uye masaini ebandwidth anoda kusvika 14 GHz muG-band5. Zvisinei, mhedzisiro iyi ichiri nemaburi asingakwanise kusangana nezvinodiwa zvesimba guru uye bandwidth yakafara muterahertz band. Kune G-band SDV-TWT yeUC-Davis, masheet electron beams akashandiswa. Kunyangwe chirongwa ichi chichigona kuvandudza zvakanyanya kugona kwekutakura kwemwenje, zvakaoma kuchengetedza daro refu rekutumira nekuda kwekusagadzikana kwesheet beam electron optical system (EOS), uye kune over-mode beam tunnel, iyo inogona zvakare kukonzera kuti beam izvidzore yega. – Kufara uye kutenderera 6,7. Kuti zvizadzise zvinodiwa zvesimba guru rekuburitsa, bandwidth yakafara uye kugadzikana kwakanaka kweTHz TWT, SDV-SWS ine dual-mode operation inokurudzirwa mupepa rino. Kureva kuti, kuti kuwedzere bandwidth yekushandisa, dual-mode operation inokurudzirwa uye inounzwa muchimiro ichi. Uye, kuti kuwedzere simba rekuburitsa, kugoverwa kweplanar kwematanda maviri epenzura kunoshandiswawo. Maradio epenzura imwe chete madiki nekuda kwemiganhu yehukuru hwakamira. Kana density yemazuva ano yakanyanya, beam current inofanira kuderedzwa, zvichikonzera simba shoma rekuburitsa. Kuti uvandudze beam current, planar distribution multibeam EOS yabuda, iyo inoshandisa saizi ye lateral yeSWS. Nekuda kwe independent beam tunneling, planar distribution multi-beam inogona kuwana high output power nekuchengetedza high total beam current uye small current pa beam, izvo zvinogona kudzivirira overmode beam tunneling zvichienzaniswa ne sheet-beam devices. Saka, zvinobatsira kuchengetedza kugadzikana kwe traveling wave tube. Zvichibva pabasa rekare8,9, bepa iri rinoratidza simba remagineti reG-band rakafanana rinotarisisa denderedzwa repenzura mbiri reEOS, iro rinogona kuvandudza zvakanyanya daro rekutumira rakasimba redenderedzwa uye kuwedzera nzvimbo yekudyidzana kwedenderedzwa, nokudaro richivandudza zvikuru simba rekuburitsa.
Maumbirwo epepa iri ndeekuti. Kutanga, dhizaini yeSWS cell ine ma parameter, ongororo ye dispersion characteristics uye high frequency simulation results zvinotsanangurwa. Zvadaro, zvichienderana nechimiro che unit cell, double penzura beam EOS uye beam interaction system zvakagadzirwa mupepa iri. Intracellular particle simulation results inoratidzwawo kuti ione kushanda kweEOS uye kushanda kweSDV-TWT. Pamusoro pezvo, bepa iri rinopa muchidimbu kugadzirwa uye cold test results kuti ione kururama kweHFS yese. Pakupedzisira nyora pfupiso.
Sechimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha zveTWT, hunhu hwekupararira kwechimiro cheslow-wave hunoratidza kana kumhanya kwemaerekitironi kuchienderana nekumhanya kwechikamu cheSWS, uye nekudaro kune simba guru pakubatana kwebeam-wave. Kuti TWT yese ivandudze mashandiro, chimiro chekudyidzana chakavandudzwa chakagadzirwa. Chimiro cheyuniti cell chinoratidzwa muMufananidzo 1. Tichifunga nezvekusagadzikana kwesheet beam uye muganho wesimba repeni imwe chete, chimiro chacho chinoshandisa double pen beam kuti chiwedzere kuvandudza simba rekubuda uye kugadzikana kwekushanda. Panguva imwecheteyo, kuti iwedzere bandwidth yekushanda, dual mode yakakurudzirwa kuti SWS ishande. Nekuda kwekuenzana kweSDV structure, mhinduro yeelectromagnetic field dispersion equation inogona kukamurwa kuita odd uye even modes. Panguva imwe chete, fundamental odd mode yelow frequency band uye fundamental even mode yehigh frequency band zvinoshandiswa kuona broadband synchronization yekudyidzana kwebeam, nokudaro zvichiwedzera kuvandudza bandwidth yekushanda.
Zvichienderana nezvinodiwa nesimba, chubhu yese yakagadzirwa nevoltage inotyaira ye20 kV uye double beam current ye2 × 80 mA. Kuti tikwanise kufananidza voltage nebandwidth inoshanda yeSDV-SWS, tinofanira kuverenga urefu hwenguva p. Hukama huripo pakati pevoltage yebeam neperiod hunoratidzwa mu equation (1)10:
Nekuisa phase shift ku2.5π pa centre frequency ye220 GHz, nguva p inogona kuverengerwa kuva 0.46 mm. Mufananidzo 2a unoratidza hunhu hwekupararira kweSWS unit cell. Iyo 20 kV beamline inoenderana ne bimodal curve zvakanaka. Matching frequency bands anogona kusvika anenge 70 GHz mu 210–265.3 GHz (odd mode) uye 265.4–280 GHz (even mode). Mufananidzo 2b unoratidza avhareji ye coupling impedance, iyo yakakura kupfuura 0.6 Ω kubva pa210 kusvika 290 GHz, zvichiratidza kuti kudyidzana kwakasimba kunogona kuitika mu operating bandwidth.
(a) Hunhu hwekupararira kweSDV-SWS ine dual-mode ine 20 kV electron beamline. (b) Kupindirana kweSDV slow-wave circuit kunokanganisa mashandiro emagetsi.
Zvisinei, zvakakosha kuziva kuti pane musiyano webhendi pakati pemamodhi asina kujairika uye asina kuenzana, uye tinowanzo taura nezvemuganhu webhendi iri sebhandi rekumisa, sezvakaratidzwa muMufananidzo 2a. Kana TWT ikashanda pedyo nebhendi iri refrequency, simba rakasimba rekubatanidza beam rinogona kuitika, izvo zvinozotungamira kune kutenderera kusingadiwe. Mukushandiswa kwezvinoshanda, tinowanzo dzivisa kushandisa TWT pedyo nebhandi rekumisa. Zvisinei, zvinogona kuonekwa kuti musiyano webhendi wechimiro ichi cheslow-wave i0.1 GHz chete. Zvakaoma kuona kana mukana uyu webhendi diki uchikonzera kutenderera. Nokudaro, kugadzikana kwekushanda kwakatenderedza bhendi rekumisa kuchaongororwa muchikamu chinotevera chePIC simulation kuti tiongorore kana kutenderera kusingadiwe kungaitika.
Muenzaniso weHFS yese unoratidzwa paMufananidzo 3. Une matanho maviri eSDV-SWS, akabatanidzwa neBragg reflectors. Basa rereflector nderekucheka kutumirwa kwechiratidzo pakati pematanho maviri, kudzvinyirira oscillation uye kuratidzwa kwemaitiro asiri kushanda akadai semamodhi epamusoro akagadzirwa pakati pemablades epamusoro neapasi, nokudaro zvichivandudza zvikuru kugadzikana kwechubhu yese. Kuti ubatanidzwe kune nharaunda yekunze, linear tapered coupler inoshandiswawo kubatanidza SWS kune WR-4 standard waveguide. Iyo transmission coefficient yechimiro chematanho maviri inoyerwa ne time domain solver mu3D simulation software. Tichifunga nezvemhedzisiro chaiyo yeterahertz band pane chinhu, zvinhu zvevacuum envelope zvinotanga zvaiswa kumhangura, uye conductivity inoderedzwa kusvika 2.25×107 S/m12.
Mufananidzo 4 unoratidza mhedzisiro yekutumirwa kweHFS ine uye isina ma couplers akapfava. Mhedzisiro yacho inoratidza kuti coupler haina simba guru pakushanda kwe transmission yeHFS yese. Kurasikirwa kwekudzoka (S11 < − 10 dB) uye kurasikirwa kwekuisa (S21 > − 5 dB) kwesystem yese mu 207~280 GHz broadband zvinoratidza kuti HFS ine hunhu hwakanaka hwekutumirwa.
Sesimba remagetsi emagetsi anobuda mumhepo, pfuti yemagetsi inosarudza zvakananga kana mudziyo wacho uchigona kugadzira simba rinobuda rakakwana. Pamwe chete nekuongorora kweHFS muChikamu II, EOS ine danda remabheya maviri inofanirwa kugadzirwa kuti ipe simba rakakwana. Muchikamu chino, zvichibva pabasa rekare muW-band8,9, pfuti yemagetsi ine penzura mbiri inogadzirwa ichishandisa chikamu chemasikisi eplanar uye maerekitironi ekudzora. Kutanga, zvichienderana nezvinodiwa zvekugadzira zveSWS muSect.Sezvinoratidzwa muFIG. 2, dhiraivha yeUa yematanda emagetsi inotanga yaiswa pa20 kV, ma currents I ema electron beams maviri ese ari 80 mA, uye dhayamita yedanda dw yema electron beams ndeye 0.13 mm. Panguva imwe chete, kuitira kuti kuve nechokwadi chekuti density ye current yedanda remagetsi ne cathode zviwanikwe, chiyero chekumanikidzwa kwedanda remagetsi chakaiswa pa7, saka density ye current yedanda remagetsi ndeye 603 A/cm2, uye density ye cathode ndeye 86 A/cm2, iyo inogona kuwanikwa ne Izvi zvinoitwa uchishandisa zvinhu zvitsva zve cathode. Sekureva kwedhizaini ye 14, 15, 16, 17, pfuti ye Pierce electron inogona kuzivikanwa zvakasiyana.
Mufananidzo 5 unoratidza madhayagiramu epfuti akatwasuka uye akatwasuka, zvichiteerana. Zvinogona kuonekwa kuti chimiro chepfuti ye electron mugwara re x chakafanana nechepfuti ye electron yakafanana nepepa, nepo mugwara re y, matanda maviri e electron akaparadzaniswa zvishoma ne mask. Nzvimbo dze cathodes mbiri dziri pa x = – 0.155 mm, y = 0 mm uye x = 0.155 mm, y = 0 mm, zvichiteerana. Zvichienderana nezvinodiwa zvekugadzirwa kwe compression ratio uye saizi ye injection ye electron, saizi dzenzvimbo mbiri dze cathode dzakaonekwa kuti dziri 0.91 mm × 0.13 mm.
Kuti simba remagetsi rakanangana rigamuchirwe nedanda rega rega remaerekitironi riri mugwara re x rive rakafanana pakati paro, bepa iri rinoisa electrode yekudzora papfuti ye electron. Nekuisa voltage ye electrode yekutarisisa ne electrode yekudzora ku −20 kV, uye voltage ye anode ku 0 V, tinogona kuwana nzira yekugovera pfuti ye dual beam, sezvakaratidzwa muMufananidzo 6. Zvinogona kuonekwa kuti maerekitironi anoburitswa ane kumanikidzwa kwakanaka mugwara re y, uye danda rega rega remaerekitironi rinobatana kuenda ku x-direction pamwe nepakati paro pe symmetry, izvo zvinoratidza kuti electrode yekudzora inoenzanisa simba remagetsi risina kuenzana rinogadzirwa ne electrode yekutarisisa.
Mufananidzo 7 unoratidza beam envelope iri munzira dza x na y. Zvakabuda zvinoratidza kuti daro reprojekti re electron beam mu x-direction rakasiyana neriri munzira dza y. Daro re throw mu x rinenge 4mm, uye daro re throw mu y rinenge 7mm. Saka, daro re throw rinofanira kusarudzwa pakati pe 4 ne 7 mm. Mufananidzo 8 unoratidza cross-section ye electron beam iri pa 4.6 mm kubva pamusoro pe cathode. Tinogona kuona kuti chimiro che cross section chiri padyo ne standard circular electron beam. Daro riri pakati pe electron beam mbiri riri padyo ne 0.31 mm yakagadzirwa, uye radius iri pa 0.13 mm, iyo inosangana nezvinodiwa zve design. Mufananidzo 9 unoratidza mhedzisiro ye simulation ye beam current. Zvinogona kuonekwa kuti ma beam currents maviri i 76mA, iyo inoenderana zvakanaka ne 80mA yakagadzirwa.
Tichifunga nezvekuchinja-chinja kwevoltage yekutyaira mumashandisirwo anoshanda, zvakakosha kudzidza kunzwisiswa kwevoltage yemuenzaniso uyu. Muhuwandu hwevoltage hwe19.8 ~ 20.6 kV, maenvelopu emagetsi emagetsi nebeam current anowanikwa, sezvakaratidzwa muMufananidzo 1 neMufananidzo 1.10 ne11. Kubva pane zvabuda, zvinogona kuonekwa kuti kuchinja kwevoltage yekutyaira hakuna zvakunokanganisa paenvelopu yebeam yemagetsi, uye electron beam current inongochinja kubva pa0.74 kusvika pa0.78 A. Saka, zvinogona kutariswa kuti pfuti yemagetsi yakagadzirwa mupepa iri ine kunzwisiswa kwakanaka kwevoltage.
Mhedzisiro yekuchinja-chinja kwemagetsi ekutyaira pamaenvelopu emwenje we x- uye y-direction.
Munda wemagnetic focussing wakafanana inzira yakajairika yekutarisa magineti inogara iripo. Nekuda kwekugoverwa kwesimba remagnetic field mugwara rebeam, yakakodzera kwazvo axisymmetric electron beams. Muchikamu chino, sisitimu yekutarisa magineti yakaenzana yekuchengetedza kutumirwa kwematanda maviri epenzura kure. Nekuongorora simba remagnetic rakagadzirwa uye envelopu yebeam, dhizaini yesystem yekutarisa inorongwa, uye dambudziko rekunzwisisa rinodzidzwa. Zvichienderana nedzidziso yekutumira yakagadzikana yedanda rimwe repenzura18,19, kukosha kwesimba reBrillouin kunogona kuverengerwa ne equation (2). Mupepa rino, tinoshandisawo kuenzana uku kufungidzira simba remagnetic redanda repenzura rakagoverwa mativi. Pamwe chete nepfuti yeelectron yakagadzirwa mupepa rino, kukosha kwesimba remagnetic field kwakaverengerwa kunenge 4000 Gs. Zvichienderana neRef. 20, ka1.5-2 kukosha kwakaverengerwa kunowanzo sarudzwa mumagadzirirwo anoshanda.
Mufananidzo 12 unoratidza chimiro chesystem yemagnetic field focusing field system yakafanana. Chikamu chebhuruu imagnet inogara iine magineti mu axial direction. Sarudzo yezvinhu iNdFeB kana FeCoNi. Remanence Br set mu simulation model i1.3 T uye permeability i1.05. Kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti beam transmission yakagadzikana mucircuit yese, kureba kwemagnet kunotanga kwaiswa pa70 mm. Pamusoro pezvo, saizi yemagnet mu x direction inosarudza kana transverse magnetic field mu beam channel yakafanana, izvo zvinoda kuti saizi iri mu x direction irege kuva diki zvakanyanya. Panguva imwe chete, tichifunga nezvemutengo nehuremu hwechubhu yese, saizi yemagnet haifanirwe kunge yakakura zvakanyanya. Naizvozvo, magineti anoiswa pakutanga pa150 mm × 150 mm × 70 mm. Panguva iyi, kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti slow-wave circuit yese inogona kuiswa mu focusing system, daro riri pakati pemagineti rakaiswa pa20mm.
Muna 2015, Purna Chandra Panda21 yakaronga danda rine gomba idzva rakapinzwa muhurongwa hwemagnetic focussing hwakafanana, izvo zvinogona kuderedza hukuru hwekubuda kwemvura mu cathode uye transverse magnetic field inogadzirwa pagomba redanda. Mupepa rino, tinowedzera chimiro chakapinzwa mudanda redanda refocus system. Ukobvu hwedanda hunoiswa pakutanga pa 1.5mm, kukwirira nehupamhi hwematanho matatu i 0.5mm, uye daro riri pakati pemaburi edanda i 2mm, sezvakaratidzwa muMufananidzo 13.
Mufananidzo 14a unoratidza kugoverwa kwesimba remagineti re axial pamwe chete nepakati pemaerekitironi maviri. Zvinogona kuonekwa kuti masimba esimba remagineti ari pamwe chete nemaerekitironi maviri akaenzana. Kukosha kwesimba remagineti kuri 6000 Gs, inova ka1.5 kupfuura iyo Brillouin field yedzidziso yekuwedzera kutumirwa uye kushanda kwakanangana. Panguva imwe chete, simba remagineti riri pa cathode rinoda kusvika 0, zvichiratidza kuti chidimbu che pole chine mhedzisiro yakanaka pakudzivirira kubuda kwesimba remagineti. Mufananidzo 14b unoratidza kugoverwa kwesimba remagineti re transverse By munzira ye z kumucheto wepamusoro wemaerekitironi maviri. Zvinogona kuonekwa kuti magnetic field inochinjika iri pasi pe200 Gs chete paburi re pole piece, nepo mu slow-wave circuit, magnetic field inochinjika iri pedyo ne zero, izvo zvinoratidza kuti simba resimba remagineti rinochinjika pa electron beam harina basa. Kudzivirira magnetic saturation yezvikamu zve pole, zvinodikanwa kudzidza simba resimba remagineti mukati mezvikamu zve pole. Mufananidzo 14c unoratidza kukosha kwakakwana kwekugoverwa kwesimba remagineti mukati mechikamu che pole. Zvinogona kuonekwa kuti kukosha kwakakwana kwe simba remagineti riri pasi pe1.2T, zvichiratidza kuti simbi yesimbi haizoitiki.
Kugoverwa kwesimba remagineti reBr = 1.3 T.(a) Kugoverwa kweAxial field.(b) Kugoverwa kweLateral field By munzira ye z.(c) Kukosha kwakakwana kwekugoverwa kwemunda mukati mechikamu chepole.
Zvichibva paCST PS module, nzvimbo yepakati yepfuti ine beam mbiri uye focusing system inogadziriswa. Sekureva kweRef. 9 uye simulations, nzvimbo yakakodzera ndipo panopindirana chidimbu cheanode ne pole piece kubva pa magnet. Zvisinei, zvakaonekwa kuti kana remanence yakaiswa pa 1.3T, transmittance ye electron beam haigone kusvika 99%. Nekuwedzera remanence kusvika pa 1.4 T, focusing magnetic field ichawedzerwa kusvika pa 6500 Gs. Ma beam trajectories ari pa xoz ne yoz planes anoratidzwa muMufananidzo 15. Zvinogona kuonekwa kuti beam ine transmission yakanaka, kushanduka kudiki, uye daro re transmission rinodarika 45mm.
Nzira dzemapenzura maviri pasi pesystem yemagineti yakafanana ine Br = 1.4 T.(a) xoz plane.(b) yoz plane.
Mufananidzo 16 unoratidza chikamu chedanda panzvimbo dzakasiyana kubva pa cathode. Zvinogona kuonekwa kuti chimiro chechikamu chedanda mu focus system chakachengetedzwa zvakanaka, uye dhayamita yechikamu hachichinji zvakanyanya. Mufananidzo 17 unoratidza maenvelopu edanda mumativi e x ne y, zvichiteerana. Zvinogona kuonekwa kuti kuchinja kwedanda mumativi ese kuri kudiki kwazvo. Mufananidzo 18 unoratidza mhedzisiro yekufananidza kwesimba remagetsi. Mhedzisiro yacho inoratidza kuti simba remagetsi riri pa2 × 80 mA, izvo zvinoenderana nemutengo wakaverengerwa mukugadzirwa kwepfuti ye electron.
Chikamu che electron beam cross section (ine focus system) panzvimbo dzakasiyana kubva pa cathode.
Tichifunga nezvematambudziko akatevedzana akadai sekukanganisa kwekubatanidza, kuchinja kwemagetsi, uye shanduko musimba remagineti mukushandiswa kwemagetsi, zvakakosha kuongorora kunzwisisika kwesystem yekutarisa. Nekuti pane mukaha pakati pechinhu cheanode nechikamu chepole mukugadzirisa chaiko, mukaha uyu unofanirwa kuiswa mukufananidza. Kukosha kwemukaha kwakaiswa pa0.2 mm uye Mufananidzo 19a unoratidza beam envelope nebeam current munzira ye y. Mhedzisiro iyi inoratidza kuti shanduko mubeam envelope haina kukosha uye beam current haishanduke zvakanyanya. Saka, system haina hanya nezvikanganiso zvekubatanidza. Pakuchinja kwedrive voltage, error range yakaiswa pa ±0.5 kV. Mufananidzo 19b unoratidza mhedzisiro yekuenzanisa. Zvinogona kuonekwa kuti shanduko yemagetsi haina simba guru pabeam envelope. Error range yakaiswa kubva -0.02 kusvika +0.03 T yekuchinja kwesimba remagineti. Mhedzisiro yekuenzanisa inoratidzwa muMufananidzo 20. Zvinogona kuonekwa kuti beam envelope haishanduke zvakanyanya, zvinoreva kuti EOS yese haina hanya nekuchinja kwesimba remagineti.
Hamvuropu yedanda uye mhedzisiro yemagetsi pasi pesystem yakaenzana yekutarisa magnetic.(a) Kushivirira kwekubatana kwemagetsi i0.2 mm.(b) Kuchinja kwevoltage yekutyaira i±0.5 kV.
Hamvuropu yedanda iri pasi pesystem yekutarisa magnetic yakafanana ine axial magnetic field fluctuations inotangira pa 0.63 kusvika 0.68 T.
Kuti zvive nechokwadi chekuti sisitimu yekutarisa yakagadzirwa mupepa rino inogona kuenderana neHFS, zvakakosha kusanganisa sisitimu yekutarisa neHFS kuti zviongororwe. Mufananidzo 21 unoratidza kuenzanisa maenvelopu emwenje ane uye asina HFS akaiswa. Mhedzisiro yacho inoratidza kuti envelopu yemwenje haichinji zvakanyanya kana HFS yese yaiswa. Nokudaro, sisitimu yekutarisa yakakodzera HFS yehubhu yekufamba yewave yedhizaini iri pamusoro apa.
Kuti tione kururama kweEOS yakataurwa muChikamu III uye kuongorora mashandiro e220 GHz SDV-TWT, kuimbwa kwe3D-PIC simulation yekudyidzana kwebeam-wave. Nekuda kwemiganhu yesoftware yesimulation, hatina kukwanisa kuwedzera EOS yese kuHFS. Saka, pfuti yeelectron yakatsiviwa nechinhu chakaenzana chekuburitsa simba chine dhayamita ye0.13mm uye chinhambwe pakati penzvimbo mbiri dze0.31mm, maparameter akafanana nepfuti yeelectron yakagadzirwa pamusoro apa. Nekuda kwekusanzwa uye kugadzikana kwakanaka kweEOS, dhiraivha yekutyaira inogona kugadziriswa zvakanaka kuti iwane simba rakanakisa rekuburitsa simba muPIC simulation. Mhedzisiro yesimulation inoratidza kuti simba rekuburitsa rakazara uye gain zvinogona kuwanikwa pavoltage yekutyaira ye20.6 kV, beam current ye2 × 80 mA (603 A/cm2), uye simba rekupinda re0.05 W.
Kuti uwane chiratidzo chemagetsi chakanakisa, huwandu hwema "cycles" hunofanirawo kugadziriswa. Simba remagetsi rakanakisa rinowanikwa kana huwandu hwematanho maviri huri 42 + 48 cycles, sezvakaratidzwa muMufananidzo 22a. Chiratidzo cheA 0.05 W chinowedzerwa kusvika ku314 W nekuwedzera kwe38 dB. Simba remagetsi rinobuda rinowanikwa neFast Fourier Transform (FFT) rakachena, richisvika pa220 GHz. Mufananidzo 22b unoratidza kugoverwa kwesimba remagetsi muSWS, maerekitironi mazhinji achirasikirwa nesimba. Mhedzisiro iyi inoratidza kuti SDV-SWS inogona kushandura simba remagetsi kuita masaini eRF, nokudaro zvichiita kuti chiratidzo chiwedzere.
Chiratidzo chekubuda cheSDV-SWS pa220 GHz.(a) Simba rekubuda rine spectrum inosanganisirwa.(b) Kugoverwa kwesimba remaerekitironi nedanda remaerekitironi pamagumo eSWS inset.
Mufananidzo 23 unoratidza simba rekubuda uye kuwana kwe dual-mode dual-beam SDV-TWT. Kushanda kwe output kunogona kuvandudzwa zvakanyanya nekuwedzera ma frequency kubva pa200 kusvika 275 GHz uye kugadzirisa drive voltage. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti 3-dB bandwidth inogona kufukidza 205 kusvika 275 GHz, zvinoreva kuti mashandiro e dual-mode anogona kuwedzera zvakanyanya bandwidth yekushanda.
Zvisinei, zvichienderana neMufananidzo 2a, tinoziva kuti pane bhendi rekumisa pakati pemamodhi asina kujairika uye asina kuenzana, izvo zvinogona kutungamira kune kutenderera kusingadiwe. Nokudaro, kugadzikana kwebasa kutenderedza kumira kunofanirwa kudzidzwa. Mifananidzo 24a-c ndiyo 20 ns simulation results pa265.3 GHz, 265.35 GHz, uye 265.4 GHz, zvichiteerana. Zvinogona kuonekwa kuti kunyangwe mhedzisiro yesimulation iine shanduko, simba rekuburitsa rakagadzikana. Iyo spectrum inoratidzwawo muMufananidzo 24 zvichiteerana, iyo spectrum yakachena. Iyi mhedzisiro inoratidza kuti hapana self-oscillation iri pedyo ne stopband.
Kugadzira nekuyera zvinodiwa kuti uone kana HFS yese yakarurama. Muchikamu chino, HFS inogadzirwa uchishandisa tekinoroji yecomputer numeral control (CNC) ine dhayamita yechishandiso ye0.1 mm uye kurongeka kwekushandisa 10 μm. Zvinhu zvechimiro che high-frequency zvinopihwa ne oxygen-free high-conductivity (OFHC) copper. Mufananidzo 25a unoratidza chimiro chakagadzirwa. Chimiro chose chine kureba kwe66.00 mm, upamhi hwe20.00 mm uye kureba kwe8.66 mm. Maburi masere emapini akapararira akatenderedza chimiro. Mufananidzo 25b unoratidza chimiro ne scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Mapazi echimiro ichi anogadzirwa zvakaenzana uye ane kurongeka kwakanaka kwepamusoro. Mushure mekuyera kwakarurama, kukanganisa kwese kwekushandisa simbi kushoma pane 5%, uye kurongeka kwepamusoro kunenge 0.4μm. Chimiro chekushandisa simbi chinosangana nezvinodiwa zvekugadzira uye kunyatsorongeka.
Mufananidzo 26 unoratidza kuenzanisa pakati pemhedzisiro chaiyo yekuedza uye simulations yekushanda kwekutumira. Port 1 nePort 2 muMufananidzo 26a zvinoenderana neports dzekupinda nekubuda dzeHFS, zvichiteerana, uye dzakaenzana nePort 1 nePort 4 muMufananidzo 3. Mhedzisiro chaiyo yekuyera yeS11 iri nani zvishoma pane mhedzisiro yesimulation. Panguva imwe chete, mhedzisiro yakayerwa yeS21 yakaderera zvishoma. Chikonzero chingave chekuti conductivity yezvinhu yakaiswa musimulation yakakwira zvakanyanya uye kuomarara kwepamusoro mushure mekugadzira chaiko kwakashata. Kazhinji, mhedzisiro yakayerwa inoenderana zvakanaka nemhedzisiro yesimulation, uye bandwidth yekutumira inosangana nezvinodiwa zve70 GHz, izvo zvinosimbisa kugona uye kururama kwe SDV-TWT yakarongwa.Naizvozvo, pamwe chete nemaitiro chaiwo ekugadzira uye mhedzisiro yebvunzo, dhizaini ye ultra-broadband dual-beam SDV-TWT yakataurwa mupepa rino inogona kushandiswa pakugadzira nekushandisa zvinotevera.
Mupepa rino, dhizaini yakadzama ye planar distribution 220 GHz dual-beam SDV-TWT inoratidzwa. Kusanganiswa kwe dual-mode operation uye dual-beam excitation kunowedzera simba rekushanda uye simba rekubuda. Kugadzira uye cold test zvinoitwawo kuti zvionekwe kuti HFS yese yakarurama here. Mhedzisiro chaiyo yekuyera inoenderana zvakanaka nemigumisiro ye simulation. Kune maviri-beam EOS yakagadzirwa, chikamu chemasiki nema control electrodes zvakashandiswa pamwe chete kugadzira two-pensil beam. Pasi peyunifomu yakagadzirwa ye focusing magnetic field, electron beam inogona kutamiswa zvakanaka nedaro refu ine chimiro chakanaka. Mune ramangwana, kugadzirwa uye kuyedzwa kweEOS kuchaitwa, uye thermal test yeTWT yese ichaitwawo. Iyi SDV-TWT design scheme yakarongwa mupepa rino inobatanidza zvizere tekinoroji yemazuva ano ye mature plane processing, uye inoratidza kugona kukuru mu performance indicators uye processing uye assembly. Saka, bepa iri rinotenda kuti planar structure ndiyo inogona kuva trend yekuvandudza ye vacuum electronic devices mu terahertz band.
Ruzhinji rwedata raw uye modhi dzekuongorora dziri muchidzidzo ichi zvakabatanidzwa mupepa rino. Rumwe ruzivo rwakakosha runogona kuwanikwa kubva kumunyori anoenderana kana zvikakumbirwa zvine musoro.
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