Ua tsaug rau koj tuaj xyuas Nature.com.Qhov browser version koj siv tau txwv kev txhawb nqa rau CSS.Rau qhov kev paub zoo tshaj plaws, peb xav kom koj siv qhov browser tshiab (lossis kaw qhov kev sib raug zoo hauv Internet Explorer).
Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv no, ib tug 220GHz broadband high-power interleaved ob-blade mus ncig teb chaws yoj raj yog tsim thiab xyuas.Ua ntej, ib tug planar ob-nqaj staggered ob-hnav qeeb-yoj qauv yog npaj.Los ntawm kev siv ib tug dual-mode lag luam tswvyim, cov kis tau tus mob kev kawm ntawv thiab bandwidth yog ze li ntawm ob npaug ntawm lub hwj chim ntawm ib leeg-hom kev xav tau kev txhim kho. ntawm lub raj xa dej mus ncig, ob lub xaum zoo li lub tshuab hluav taws xob kho qhov muag tau tsim, lub zog tsav tsheb yog 20 ~ 21 kV, thiab tam sim no yog 2 × 80 mA.Tsim lub hom phiaj.Los ntawm kev siv lub npog ntsej muag thiab tswj cov electrode hauv rab phom ob rab phom, ob lub xaum kab teeb tuaj yeem tsom mus rau lawv cov chaw sib tham nrog qhov sib piv ntawm 7 hli. Sib nqus tsom qhov system kuj tau optimized.Qhov kev ruaj ntseg kis tau tus mob nyob deb ntawm lub planar ob lub electron beam tuaj yeem ncav cuag 45 mm, thiab lub tsom hlau nplaum yog 0.6 T, uas yog txaus los npog tag nrho cov high zaus system (HFS). beam-interaction system tuaj yeem ua tiav lub zog siab tshaj plaws ntawm ze li ntawm 310 W ntawm 220 GHz, qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm qhov hluav taws xob yog 20.6 kV, lub nqaj tam sim no yog 2 × 80 mA, qhov nce yog 38 dB, thiab 3-dB bandwidth tshaj 35 dB txog 70 GHz kev ua haujlwm siab ntawm microstructure. lub HFS, thiab cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias cov bandwidth thiab cov yam ntxwv kis tau zoo nyob rau hauv kev pom zoo nrog cov txiaj ntsig simulation.Yog li ntawd, cov tswv yim npaj rau hauv daim ntawv no yuav tsum tsim kom muaj lub zog siab, ultra-broadband terahertz-band hluav taws xob qhov chaw uas muaj peev xwm rau kev siv yav tom ntej.
Raws li ib txwm siv lub tshuab nqus tsev vacuum, mus ncig yoj raj (TWT) ua lub luag haujlwm hloov tsis tau hauv ntau daim ntawv thov xws li kev daws teeb meem radar, satellite kev sib txuas lus, thiab kev tshawb nrhiav qhov chaw 1,2,3.Txawm li cas los xij, raws li kev khiav hauj lwm zaus nkag mus rau hauv terahertz band, cov tsoos coupling-cavity TWT thiab helical tsis muaj peev xwm ua tau raws li cov neeg tsis muaj zog. bandwidth, thiab cov txheej txheem tsim khoom nyuaj.Yog li ntawd, yuav ua li cas los txhim kho qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm THz band tau dhau los ua qhov teeb meem kev txhawj xeeb rau ntau lub chaw tshawb fawb tshawb fawb.Nyob rau xyoo tas los no, cov qauv tshiab qeeb-wave (SWSs), xws li staggered dual-blade (SDV) cov qauv thiab folded waveguide (FW) cov qauv tshiab, tau txais cov qauv tsim tshwj xeeb rau lawv cov kev npaj tshwj xeeb. nrog kev cog lus muaj peev xwm.Cov qauv no tau thov los ntawm UC-Davis hauv xyoo 20084.Cov qauv qauv tuaj yeem tsim tau yooj yim los ntawm micro-nano ua cov txheej txheem xws li kev tswj xyuas tus lej hauv computer (CNC) thiab UV-LIGA, tag nrho cov hlau pob qauv tuaj yeem muab cov thermal muaj peev xwm loj dua nrog cov zis ntau dua thiab nce, thiab cov qauv waveguide zoo li tuaj yeem muab qhov dav tshaj plaws rau lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntawm Davis. 2017 uas SDV-TWT tuaj yeem tsim cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntau tshaj 100 W thiab ze li ntawm 14 GHz bandwidth signals hauv G-band5.Txawm li cas los xij, cov txiaj ntsig no tseem muaj qhov khoob uas tsis tuaj yeem ua tau raws li cov kev xav tau ntawm lub zog siab thiab dav bandwidth hauv terahertz band.Rau UC-Davis's G-band5, cov ntaub ntawv no tau siv los ntawm SDV-Tsc. tuaj yeem txhim kho lub peev xwm nqa tam sim no ntawm cov nqaj, nws yog qhov nyuaj rau tswj kom muaj qhov sib kis tau ntev vim qhov tsis ruaj khov ntawm daim ntawv kab hluav taws xob hluav taws xob kho qhov muag (EOS), thiab muaj ntau hom kab hluav taws xob qhov taub, uas tuaj yeem ua rau lub teeb rau nws tus kheej tswj. - Excitation thiab oscillation 6,7.In thiaj li yuav ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau muaj lub zog tso zis ntau, dav bandwidth thiab zoo stability ntawm THz TWT, ib tug dual-beam SDV-SWS nrog dual-hom kev ua hauj lwm yog npaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv no. Cov kab hluav taws xob xaum kuj tseem siv tau. Ib qho xaum xaum xaum xov tooj cua yog qhov me me vim qhov ntsug loj txwv.Yog tias qhov ceev tam sim no siab dhau lawm, cov kab hluav taws xob tam sim no yuav tsum raug txo, uas ua rau lub zog qis qis.Txhawm rau txhim kho cov nqaj tam sim no, planar faib multibeam EOS tau tshwm sim, uas exploits lub lateral loj ntawm SWS-beam txoj kev npaj muaj peev xwm. siab tso zis zog los ntawm kev tuav ib tug siab tag nrho beam tam sim no thiab ib tug me me tam sim no ib tug beam, uas yuav zam overmode beam tunneling piv rau sheet-beam devices.Yog li ntawd, nws yog qhov zoo los tswj cov kev ruaj ntseg ntawm txoj kev mus ncig yoj raj.Rau lub hauv paus ntawm kev ua hauj lwm yav dhau los 8,9, daim ntawv no qhia txog G-band uniform magnetic teb tsom mus rau ob chav xaum kab teeb pom kev zoo tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov kev ncua deb ntawm EOS. cheeb tsam, yog li zoo heev txhim kho cov zis zog.
Cov qauv ntawm daim ntawv no yog raws li nram no.Ua ntej, SWS cell tsim nrog tsis, dispersion yam ntxwv tsom xam thiab siab zaus simulation tau piav.Tom qab ntawd, raws li cov qauv ntawm chav tsev cell, ib tug ob chav mem hluav beam EOS thiab beam interactivity system yog tsim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv no.Intracellular particle simulation cov qhabnias kuj tau nthuav tawm los txheeb xyuas qhov siv tau ntawm EOS-tam sim no, thiab qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm SDVT. fabrication thiab txias kuaj tau los xyuas qhov tseeb ntawm tag nrho HFS.Thaum kawg ua cov ntsiab lus.
Raws li ib qho ntawm cov khoom tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm TWT, cov khoom tawg ntawm cov qauv qeeb-yoj qhia seb lub tshuab hluav taws xob sib tw rau theem tshaj tawm ntawm SWS, thiab yog li muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo rau kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov nqaj-yoj.Txhawm rau kev txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm tag nrho TWT, kev txhim kho kev sib cuam tshuam yog tsim.Cov qauv ntawm chav tsev cell yog qhia nyob rau hauv daim ntawv txwv lub zog ntawm daim duab 1. ib tug cwj mem beam, tus qauv txais yuav ib tug cwj mem ob kab los ntxiv txhim kho cov zis zog thiab kev ua hauj lwm stability. Lub caij no, txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau ua haujlwm bandwidth, dual hom tau thov rau SWS ua haujlwm.Vim qhov sib luag ntawm cov qauv SDV, cov kev daws teeb meem ntawm electromagnetic field dispersion sib npaug tuaj yeem muab faib ua khib thiab txawm hom.Tam sim no, qhov tseem ceeb khib hom ntawm qhov tsawg zaus siv band thiab cov peev txheej ntawm cov khoom siv siab. broadband synchronization ntawm cov nqaj sib cuam tshuam, yog li ntxiv txhim kho kev ua haujlwm bandwidth.
Raws li cov kev xav tau ntawm lub hwj chim, tag nrho cov raj yog tsim los nrog lub zog tsav ntawm 20 kV thiab ob chav kab hluav taws xob tam sim no ntawm 2 × 80 mA.In thiaj li kom phim qhov voltage kom ze li sai tau rau kev khiav hauj lwm bandwidth ntawm SDV-SWS, peb yuav tsum xam qhov ntev ntawm lub sij hawm p.Qhov kev sib raug zoo ntawm beam voltage thiab lub sij hawm yog qhia nyob rau hauv kab zauv (1)10:
Los ntawm kev teeb tsa theem hloov mus rau 2.5π ntawm qhov nruab nrab zaus ntawm 220 GHz, lub sijhawm p tuaj yeem suav ua 0.46 mm.Daim duab 2a qhia cov khoom tawg ntawm SWS unit cell.Lub 20 kV beamline sib tw bimodal nkhaus zoo heev.Matching zaus bands tuaj yeem ncav cuag li ntawm 720 GHz (20 GHz) thiab 265.4–280 GHz (txawm hom) ranges.Daim duab 2b qhia qhov nruab nrab coupling impedance, uas yog ntau dua 0.6 Ω los ntawm 210 mus rau 290 GHz, qhia tias muaj kev cuam tshuam loj tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv kev ua haujlwm bandwidth.
(a) Dispersion yam ntxwv ntawm dual-mode SDV-SWS nrog 20 kV electron beamline.(b) Kev cuam tshuam cuam tshuam ntawm SDV qeeb-yoj circuit.
Txawm li cas los xij, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov khib thiab txawm hom, thiab peb feem ntau xa mus rau qhov sib txawv band raws li qhov chaw nres tsheb, raws li qhia hauv daim duab 2a.Yog tias TWT ua haujlwm ze ntawm qhov zaus band no, muaj zog beam coupling lub zog yuav tshwm sim, uas yuav ua rau tsis xav tau oscillations.Hauv kev siv tswv yim, peb feem ntau yuav tsum tsis txhob siv cov bands. Qhov sib txawv ntawm cov qauv qeeb qeeb no tsuas yog 0.1 GHz.Nws nyuaj rau txiav txim siab seb qhov sib txawv me me no puas ua rau oscillations.Yog li ntawd, kev ruaj ntseg ntawm kev ua haujlwm nyob ib ncig ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb yuav raug tshawb xyuas hauv ntu PIC simulation hauv qab no txhawm rau txheeb xyuas seb qhov tsis xav tau oscillations tshwm sim.
Tus qauv ntawm tag nrho HFS yog pom nyob rau hauv daim duab 3.Nws muaj ob theem ntawm SDV-SWS, txuas nrog Bragg reflectors.Qhov kev ua ntawm lub reflector yog txiav tawm lub teeb liab kis tau tus mob ntawm ob theem, suppress lub oscillation thiab xav txog ntawm tsis ua hauj lwm hom xws li high-order hom generated ntawm lub sab sauv thiab sab hniav hniav, yog li ntawd zoo heev rau kev txhim kho ib puag ncig cov kab xev. coupler kuj tseem siv los txuas SWS rau WR-4 tus qauv waveguide.Qhov kev sib kis coefficient ntawm ob-theem qauv yog ntsuas los ntawm lub sij hawm domain solver hauv 3D simulation software.Xav txog qhov tshwm sim tiag tiag ntawm terahertz band ntawm cov khoom, cov khoom ntawm lub hnab ntawv lub tshuab nqus tsev yog thawj zaug teem rau tooj liab, thiab cov conductivity yog 12.2.2 × 10 × 1.2m.
Daim duab 4 qhia txog kev sib kis tau rau HFS nrog thiab tsis muaj kab tapered couplers.Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias cov coupler muaj kev cuam tshuam me ntsis ntawm kev sib kis ntawm tag nrho HFS.Qhov rov poob (S11 < − 10 dB) thiab kev poob qis (S21> − 5 dB) ntawm tag nrho cov kab ke hauv 207 ~ 280 GHz kis tau tus yam ntxwv HFS.broad.
Raws li lub zog ntawm lub tshuab nqus tsev twj, rab phom electron ncaj qha txiav txim siab seb lub cuab yeej puas tuaj yeem tsim cov khoom siv hluav taws xob txaus.Combined nrog kev soj ntsuam ntawm HFS hauv Tshooj II, lub dual-beam EOS yuav tsum tau tsim los muab lub zog txaus.Ntawm qhov no, raws li kev ua haujlwm dhau los hauv W-band8,9, ob lub xaum hluav taws xob phom yog tsim los siv lub npog ntsej muag lub ntsej muag, thiab tswj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob raws li SFirst. FIG. 2, lub zog tsav ua hluav taws xob ntawm cov kab hluav taws xob yog pib rau 20 kV, qhov tam sim no kuv ntawm ob lub teeb hluav taws xob yog ob qho tib si 80 mA, thiab cov kab hluav taws xob dw ntawm cov kab hluav taws xob hluav taws xob yog 0.13 mm.Tam sim no, txhawm rau xyuas kom meej tias tam sim no qhov ntom ntom ntawm cov kab hluav taws xob electron yuav tsum tau ua tiav ntawm cov cathode compression. 7, yog li tam sim no qhov ceev ntawm lub electron beam yog 603 A / cm2, thiab tam sim no qhov ceev ntawm cathode yog 86 A / cm2, uas tuaj yeem ua tiav los ntawm qhov no yog ua tiav los ntawm cov khoom siv cathode tshiab.Raws li kev tsim kev xav 14, 15, 16, 17, ib qho Pierce cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tshwj xeeb tuaj yeem ua tau.
Daim duab 5 qhia txog kab rov tav thiab ntsug schematic daim duab ntawm rab phom, ntsig txog.Nws tuaj yeem pom tau tias qhov profile ntawm rab phom electron nyob rau hauv x-kev taw qhia yuav luag zoo ib yam li cov ntawv zoo li cov phom electron, thaum nyob rau hauv y-kev taw qhia ob kab hluav taws xob yog ib feem sib cais los ntawm lub qhov ncauj qhov ntswg 55 x 0, qhov chaw ntawm ob lub hli = 1 hli. 0 mm thiab x = 0.155 mm, y = 0 mm, ntsig txog.Raws li tus qauv tsim ntawm compression ratio thiab electron txhaj loj, qhov ntev ntawm ob qhov chaw cathode txiav txim siab yog 0.91 mm × 0.13 mm.
Txhawm rau ua kom pom tseeb hluav taws xob tau txais los ntawm txhua qhov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob hauv x-kev taw qhia symmetrical txog nws qhov chaw, daim ntawv no siv lub tshuab hluav taws xob tswj hluav taws xob rau rab phom electron.Los ntawm kev teeb tsa qhov hluav taws xob ntawm lub tsom electrode thiab tswj electrode rau −20 kV, thiab qhov hluav taws xob ntawm lub anode rau 0 V, peb tuaj yeem tau txais cov phom trajectory yog pom ntawm ob. emitted electrons muaj compressibility zoo nyob rau hauv y-kev taw qhia, thiab txhua electron beam converges mus rau lub x-kev taw qhia raws nws tus kheej centre ntawm symmetry, uas qhia tau hais tias tus tswj electrode sib npaug ntawm cov hluav taws xob tsis sib npaug generated los ntawm lub tsom electrode.
Daim duab 7 qhia lub hnab ntawv beam nyob rau hauv x thiab y cov lus qhia.Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias qhov kev ncua deb ntawm lub teeb hluav taws xob hauv x-kev taw qhia txawv ntawm qhov nyob hauv y-direction.Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm x kev taw qhia yog li ntawm 4 hli, thiab qhov cuam tshuam ntawm y kev taw qhia yog ze rau 7mm.Yog li ntawd, qhov tseeb pov tseg-txoj kev yuav tsum tau xaiv ntawm 8 mm. Electron beam ntawm 4.6 hli los ntawm lub cathode nto.Peb tuaj yeem pom tias cov duab ntawm cov hlaws yog ze tshaj plaws rau lub voj voog electron beam.Qhov kev ncua deb ntawm ob lub teeb hluav taws xob yog ze rau qhov tsim los ntawm 0.31 hli, thiab lub vojvoog yog li 0.13 hli, uas ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua.Daim duab 9 qhia qhov simulation ntawm ob lub beam uas tam sim no pom. nyob rau hauv kev pom zoo nrog tus tsim 80mA.
Xav txog qhov hloov pauv ntawm kev tsav tsheb hluav taws xob hauv kev siv tswv yim, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau kawm qhov voltage rhiab heev ntawm cov qauv no.In qhov voltage ntau ntawm 19.8 ~ 20.6 kV, lub hnab ntawv tam sim no thiab beam tam sim no tau txais, raws li qhia hauv daim duab 1 thiab daim duab 1.10 thiab 11.Los ntawm cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tsav tsheb tsis muaj hluav taws xob tau pom. thiab cov kab hluav taws xob hluav taws xob tam sim no tsuas yog hloov pauv ntawm 0.74 txog 0.78 A.Yog li ntawd, nws tuaj yeem txiav txim siab tias rab phom electron tsim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv no muaj qhov rhiab heev rau qhov hluav taws xob.
Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm kev tsav tsheb voltage hloov ntawm lub hnab ntawv x- thiab y-kev taw qhia beam.
Ib qho kev sib nqus sib nqus tsom yog ib qho chaw ruaj khov hlau nplaum tsom rau qhov system.Vim yog cov khoom sib nqus sib nqus sib nqus thoob plaws hauv cov kab hluav taws xob, nws yog qhov tsim nyog rau axisymmetric electron beams.Nyob rau hauv seem no, ib qho kev sib nqus sib nqus tsom rau kev tswj xyuas qhov kev ncua deb ntawm ob lub xaum kab teeb yog npaj.By analyzing the generated magnetic field is the proposed system, the proposed magnetic system. thiab qhov teeb meem rhiab heev yog kawm.Raws li kev ruaj ntseg kis txoj kev xav ntawm ib tug cwj mem beam18,19, Brillouin magnetic teb tus nqi yuav xam tau los ntawm kev sib npaug (2).Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv no, peb kuj siv qhov sib npaug los kwv yees lub magnetic teb ntawm ib tug tom qab faib ob xaum xaum kab. Gs. Raws li Ref. 20, 1.5-2 npaug ntawm tus nqi suav feem ntau yog xaiv hauv cov qauv tsim.
Daim duab 12 qhia cov qauv ntawm cov qauv sib nqus sib nqus tsom qhov system.Qhov xiav yog cov hlau nplaum ruaj khov nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia axial.Cov khoom xaiv yog NdFeB lossis FeCoNi.The remanence Br teeb nyob rau hauv cov qauv simulation yog 1.3 T thiab permeability yog 1.05.In thiaj li yuav xyuas kom meej qhov ruaj khov kis tau tus mob ntawm tag nrho cov kab hluav taws xob, 0. mm.Ntxiv, qhov loj ntawm cov hlau nplaum nyob rau hauv x kev taw qhia txiav txim seb lub transverse magnetic teb nyob rau hauv lub beam channel yog ib yam, uas yuav tsum tau hais tias qhov luaj li cas nyob rau hauv lub x kev taw qhia yuav tsum tsis txhob yuav tsawg dhau.Tam sim no, xav txog tus nqi thiab qhov hnyav ntawm tag nrho cov raj, qhov luaj li cas ntawm cov hlau nplaum yuav tsum tsis txhob loj dhau. Yog li ntawd, cov hlau nplaum yog thawj zaug teem rau 150 hli × 10 mm. qeeb-yoj Circuit Court tuaj yeem muab tso rau hauv qhov system tsom, qhov kev ncua deb ntawm cov hlau nplaum yog teem rau 20mm.
Nyob rau hauv 2015, Purna Chandra Panda21 thov ib tug ncej nrog ib tug tshiab stepped qhov nyob rau hauv ib tug uniform magnetic focusing system, uas yuav txo tau qhov loj ntawm flux to cathode thiab transverse magnetic teb generated ntawm tus ncej piece qhov.Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv no, peb ntxiv ib tug stepped qauv rau tus ncej daim ntawm lub focusing system.Qhov dav thiab qhov siab ntawm 5 hli. peb kauj ruam yog 0.5 hli, thiab qhov nrug ntawm tus ncej qhov yog 2 hli, raws li qhia hauv daim duab 13.
Daim duab 14a qhia txog axial magnetic teb faib raws cov kab nruab nrab ntawm ob kab hluav taws xob.Nws tuaj yeem pom tias cov hlau nplaum sib nqus raws li ob kab hluav taws xob sib npaug.Qhov sib nqus qhov nqi yog kwv yees li 6000 Gs, uas yog 1.5 npaug ntawm qhov theoretical Brillouin teb kom nce kis tau tus mob thiab tsom mus rau kev ua tau zoo.Tam sim no yuav luag tib lub sijhawm, qhov sib nqus ntawm 0. Daim duab 14b qhia tau hais tias lub transverse magnetic teb faib los ntawm z kev taw qhia ntawm lub sab sauv ntawm ob lub electron beams.Nws yuav pom tau hais tias lub transverse magnetic teb yog tsawg tshaj li 200 Gs tsuas yog nyob rau hauv tus ncej piece qhov, thaum nyob rau hauv lub qeeb-yoj voj voog Circuit Court, lub transverse magnetic teb yog pov thawj ntawm transverse magnetic teb yog zero. negligible.Txhim kho qhov sib nqus saturation ntawm cov ncej, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau kawm qhov sib nqus teb lub zog hauv cov ncej ncej.Daim duab 14c qhia txog tus nqi ntawm cov hlau nplaum sib nqus hauv cov ncej ncej.Nws tuaj yeem pom tias tus nqi ntawm cov hlau nplaum muaj zog tsawg dua 1.2T, qhia tias qhov sib nqus saturation ntawm tus ncej yuav tsis tshwm sim.
Sib nqus teb lub zog faib rau Br = 1.3 T.(a) Axial teb faib.
Raws li CST PS module, axial txheeb ze txoj hauj lwm ntawm lub dual beam phom thiab lub focusing system yog optimized.Raws li Ref. 9 thiab simulations, qhov zoo tshaj plaws qhov chaw yog qhov chaw anode piece overlaps tus ncej nyob deb ntawm cov hlau nplaum.Txawm li cas los xij, nws tau pom tias yog tias qhov remanence tau teem rau 1.3T, qhov kev xa tawm ntawm cov kab hluav taws xob tsis tuaj yeem ncav cuag 99%. yoz cov dav hlau tau qhia hauv daim duab 15. Nws tuaj yeem pom tau tias cov nqaj muaj qhov sib kis tau zoo, qhov hloov pauv me me, thiab qhov sib kis tau ntau dua 45 hli.
Trajectories ntawm ob lub xaum kab teeb nyob rau hauv ib homogeneous magnetic system nrog Br = 1.4 T.(a) xoz dav hlau.(b) yoz aircraft.
Daim duab 16 qhia txog ntu ntu ntawm cov nqaj ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov cathode.Nws tuaj yeem pom tau tias cov duab ntawm cov nqaj seem hauv qhov kev tsom pom tau zoo, thiab cov kab uas hla ntawm ntu tsis hloov ntau.Daim duab 17 qhia cov kab ntawv kab nyob rau hauv x thiab y cov lus qhia, feem. cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov kab hluav taws xob tam sim no.Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias qhov tam sim no yog li 2 × 80 mA, uas yog raws li kev suav tus nqi hauv cov qauv siv phom electron.
Electron beam cross section (nrog rau kev tsom xam) ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov cathode.
Xav txog cov teeb meem xws li kev sib dhos tsis raug, qhov hloov pauv ntawm qhov hluav taws xob, thiab kev hloov pauv hauv cov hlau nplaum lub zog hauv kev ua haujlwm, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los tshuaj xyuas qhov rhiab heev ntawm qhov kev tsom xam.Vim tias muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov anode daim thiab cov ncej hauv kev ua haujlwm tiag tiag, qhov sib txawv no yuav tsum tau teeb tsa hauv qhov simulation.Qhov qhov sib txawv ntawm 0.9 mm qhia tau tias muaj qhov sib txawv. Lub hnab ntawv thiab kab hluav taws xob tam sim no nyob rau hauv y kev taw qhia.Qhov tshwm sim no qhia tau hais tias qhov kev hloov ntawm lub hnab ntawv beam tsis tseem ceeb thiab cov nqaj tam sim no tsis tshua hloov.Yog li ntawd, lub kaw lus tsis hnov ​​​​tsw rau kev sib dhos yuam kev.Rau qhov hloov pauv ntawm kev tsav tsheb voltage, qhov yuam kev ntau yog teem rau ± 0.5 kV.Daim duab 19b pom qhov kev hloov pauv me ntsis ntawm qhov tshwm sim tuaj yeem pom qhov cuam tshuam ntawm qhov voltage. Lub hnab ntawv.Qhov kev ua yuam kev yog teeb tsa los ntawm -0.02 txog +0.03 T rau kev hloov pauv hauv magnetic teb zog.Qhov kev sib piv tau pom nyob rau hauv daim duab 20.Nws tuaj yeem pom tau tias lub hnab ntawv beam tsis tshua hloov, uas txhais tau hais tias tag nrho EOS tsis hnov ​​​​tsw rau cov kev hloov hauv lub zog magnetic teb.
Beam lub hnab ntawv thiab cov txiaj ntsig tam sim no nyob rau hauv ib qho kev sib nqus tsom qhov system.(a) Kev sib dhos kam rau ua yog 0.2 hli.(b) Kev tsav tsheb voltage hloov pauv yog ± 0.5 kV.
Beam lub hnab ntawv nyob rau hauv ib qho kev sib nqus tsom qhov system nrog axial magnetic teb lub zog hloov pauv ntawm 0.63 txog 0.68 T.
Txhawm rau kom ntseeg tau tias cov txheej txheem tsom mus rau hauv daim ntawv no tuaj yeem sib phim nrog HFS, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau muab cov txheej txheem tsom thiab HFS rau kev tshawb fawb.Daim duab 21 qhia txog kev sib piv ntawm lub hnab ntawv beam nrog thiab tsis muaj HFS loaded.Cov txiaj ntsig qhia tau tias lub hnab ntawv nqaj tsis hloov ntau thaum tag nrho HFS yog loaded.Yog li ntawd, lub focusing system saum toj no HFS tsim nyog rau lub yoj lub hnab ntawv.
Txhawm rau txheeb xyuas qhov tseeb ntawm EOS tau thov hauv Tshooj III thiab tshawb xyuas qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm 220 GHz SDV-TWT, 3D-PIC simulation ntawm beam-yoj kev sib cuam tshuam tau ua.Vim simulation software txwv, peb tsis tuaj yeem ntxiv tag nrho EOS rau HFS.Yog li ntawd, rab phom electron tau hloov nrog qhov sib npaug ntawm qhov sib npaug ntawm 3 hli. Qhov chaw ntawm 0.31mm, tib yam tsis zoo li cov phom hluav taws xob tsim los saum toj no.Vim qhov tsis txaus ntseeg thiab kev ruaj ntseg zoo ntawm EOS, kev tsav tsheb hluav taws xob tuaj yeem ua kom zoo kom ua tiav lub zog tso zis zoo tshaj plaws hauv PIC simulation.Cov txiaj ntsig simulation qhia tau tias cov khoom siv hluav taws xob muaj zog thiab nce tuaj yeem tau txais ntawm kev tsav tsheb voltage ntawm 20.6 kV, A220 cm (a 30 m A20 cm) thiab tam sim no beam. input zog ntawm 0.05 W.
Txhawm rau kom tau txais cov teeb pom kev zoo tshaj plaws, tus lej ntawm lub voj voog kuj yuav tsum tau ua kom zoo.Qhov zoo tshaj plaws tso zis hluav taws xob tau txais thaum tus naj npawb ntawm ob theem yog 42 + 48 cycles, raws li pom nyob rau hauv daim duab 22a.A 0.05 W input teeb liab yog amplified rau 314 W nrog ib tug nce ntawm 38 dB.Qhov tso zis hluav taws xob tau txais pFF (Fastier spectrum) ntawm 220 GHz.Daim duab 22b qhia txog axial txoj hauj lwm faib hluav taws xob hluav taws xob hauv SWS, nrog rau feem ntau ntawm cov electrons poob zog.Qhov no qhia tau hais tias SDV-SWS tuaj yeem hloov lub zog kinetic ntawm electrons rau hauv RF signals, yog li realizing teeb liab amplification.
SDV-SWS tso zis teeb liab ntawm 220 GHz.(a) Cov zis hluav taws xob nrog cov spectrum.(b) Kev faib hluav taws xob hluav taws xob nrog lub teeb hluav taws xob ntawm qhov kawg ntawm SWS inset.
Daim duab 23 qhia tau hais tias cov zis hluav taws xob bandwidth thiab nce ntawm dual-mode dual-beam SDV-TWT.Output kev ua tau zoo tuaj yeem txhim kho ntxiv los ntawm cheb zaus ntawm 200 mus rau 275 GHz thiab optimizing tus tsav voltage.Qhov tshwm sim no qhia tau hais tias 3-dB bandwidth tuaj yeem npog 205 mus rau 275 GHz txoj kev ua haujlwm zoo. ua haujlwm bandwidth.
Txawm li cas los xij, raws li daim duab 2a, peb paub tias muaj qhov nres ntawm qhov khib thiab txawm hom, uas tuaj yeem ua rau tsis xav tau oscillations.Yog li ntawd, kev ua haujlwm ruaj khov nyob ib puag ncig cov chaw nres tsheb yuav tsum tau kawm.Figures 24a-c yog 20 ns simulation cov txiaj ntsig ntawm 265.3 GHz, 265.35 5 GHz . Cov txiaj ntsig simulation muaj qee qhov kev hloov pauv, qhov tso zis hluav taws xob yog qhov ruaj khov.Cov spectrum kuj tseem pom nyob rau hauv daim duab 24 raws li, cov spectrum yog ntshiab.Cov txiaj ntsig no qhia tias tsis muaj tus kheej oscillation nyob ze ntawm lub stopband.
Fabrication thiab ntsuas yog tsim nyog los xyuas qhov tseeb ntawm tag nrho HFS.Nyob rau hauv qhov no, lub HFS yog fabricated siv computer numerical tswj (CNC) technology nrog ib tug lub cheeb ntawm 0.1 hli thiab ib tug machining raug ntawm 10 μm.Cov khoom rau cov high-frequency qauv yog muab los ntawm oxygen-dawb high-conductivity (OFHC) fabricated length2 qauv. ntawm 66.00 mm, dav ntawm 20.00 mm thiab qhov siab ntawm 8.66 mm.Eight pin qhov raug faib nyob ib ncig ntawm tus qauv.Daim duab 25b qhia cov qauv los ntawm scanning electron microscopy (SEM).Cov hniav ntawm cov qauv no yog uniformly tsim thiab muaj zoo nto roughness.Tom qab precision ntsuas, lub zuag qhia tag nrho yog 5% machining qhov chaw. 0.4μm.Cov qauv machining ua tau raws li tus qauv tsim thiab kev xav tau precision.
Daim duab 26 qhia qhov sib piv ntawm cov txiaj ntsig kev sim tiag tiag thiab simulations ntawm kev sib kis tau zoo.Port 1 thiab Chaw nres nkoj 2 hauv daim duab 26a sib haum rau cov tswv yim thiab cov zis ports ntawm HFS, raws li, thiab sib npaug rau Chaw nres nkoj 1 thiab Chaw nres nkoj 4 hauv daim duab 3.Qhov kev ntsuas qhov tseeb ntawm S11 cov txiaj ntsig tau zoo dua qhov kev ntsuas lub sij hawm me ntsis. S21 yog me ntsis phem dua.Qhov laj thawj yuav yog vim li cas cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tau teeb tsa hauv qhov simulation siab dhau lawm thiab qhov roughness ntawm qhov chaw tom qab qhov tseeb machining yog qhov tsis zoo.Txhua qhov ntsuas tau pom zoo nrog cov txiaj ntsig simulation, thiab kev sib kis bandwidth ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm 70 GHz, uas txheeb xyuas qhov ua tau thiab qhov tseeb ntawm cov txheej txheem kev sib tw SDV referation thiab cov txheej txheem tiag tiag. Cov txiaj ntsig, ultra-broadband dual-beam SDV-TWT tsim tawm hauv daim ntawv no tuaj yeem siv rau kev tsim khoom thiab kev siv tom ntej.
Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv no, ib tug ncauj lus kom ntxaws tsim ntawm ib tug planar tis 220 GHz dual-beam SDV-TWT yog nthuav.Qhov kev ua ke ntawm dual-mode kev ua hauj lwm thiab dual-beam excitation ntxiv tsub kom lub khiav hauj lwm bandwidth thiab tso zis hwj chim.Cov fabrication thiab txias kuaj kuj nqa tawm los xyuas qhov tseeb ntawm tag nrho HFS. Qhov kev ntsuas qhov tseeb tau pom zoo nrog cov txiaj ntsig simulation.Rau qhov tsim ob-beam EOS, ib daim npog ntsej muag thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tau siv ua ke los tsim ob lub xaum kab hluav taws xob.Raws li cov qauv tsim tsom rau cov hlau nplaum sib nqus, cov kab hluav taws xob tuaj yeem ua kom ruaj khov nyob rau hauv qhov ntev nrog cov duab zoo.Nyob rau yav tom ntej, kev tsim khoom thiab kev sim ntawm EOS yuav raug nqa tawm tag nrho, thiab TWT test yuav ua tiav. Lub tswv yim tsim tawm nyob rau hauv daim ntawv no tag nrho ua ke nrog lub dav hlau paub tab tam sim no, thiab qhia tau hais tias muaj peev xwm zoo hauv kev ntsuas kev ua tau zoo thiab kev ua haujlwm thiab kev sib dhos. Yog li ntawd, daim ntawv no ntseeg tias cov qauv txheej txheem feem ntau yuav dhau los ua kev txhim kho ntawm lub tshuab nqus tsev hluav taws xob hauv terahertz band.
Feem ntau ntawm cov ntaub ntawv nyoos thiab cov qauv tshuaj ntsuam xyuas hauv qhov kev tshawb fawb no tau muab tso rau hauv daim ntawv no. Cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb ntxiv tuaj yeem tau txais los ntawm tus kws sau ntawv raws li qhov kev thov tsim nyog.
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