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N'akwụkwọ a, e mepụtara ma kwadoo ọkpọkọ ebili mmiri abụọ nke nwere ike dị elu nke 220GHz. Nke mbụ, a na-atụ aro nhazi ebili mmiri abụọ nke nwere ike dị elu nke nwere ike dị elu. Site na iji atụmatụ ọrụ ụdị abụọ, arụmọrụ nnyefe na bandwit fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ okpukpu abụọ nke otu ụdị. Nke abụọ, iji mezuo ihe achọrọ maka ike mmepụta dị elu ma melite nkwụsi ike nke ọkpọkọ ebili mmiri na-agagharị, a na-emepụta sistemụ anya eletrọniki abụọ nke nwere pensụl, voltaji akwọ ụgbọala bụ 20 ~ 21 kV, ugbu a bụkwa 2 × 80 mA. Ebumnuche imewe. Site na iji akụkụ ihe mkpuchi na electrode njikwa na egbe ogwe osisi abụọ, enwere ike ilekwasị anya na ogwe pensụl abụọ ahụ n'akụkụ ebe ha dị iche iche na oke mkpakọ nke 7, anya na-elekwasị anya bụ ihe dị ka 0.18mm, nkwụsi ike ahụ dịkwa mma. Sistemụ nlekwasị anya magnetik otu ahụ emezikwara nke ọma. Anya nnyefe kwụsiri ike nke ogwe eletrọn abụọ nke nwere ike iru 45 mm, ebe ndọta na-elekwasị anya bụ 0.6 T, nke zuru oke iji kpuchie sistemụ ugboro ugboro niile dị elu. (HFS). Mgbe ahụ, iji chọpụta ojiji nke sistemụ elektrọn-optical na arụmọrụ nke usoro ebili mmiri nwayọ, e mekwara ihe ngosi mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa (PIC) na HFS dum. Nsonaazụ ya na-egosi na sistemụ mmekọrịta ighụ nwere ike nweta ike mmepụta kachasị elu nke ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ 310 W na 220 GHz, voltaji ighụ kachasị mma bụ 20.6 kV, ọkụ ighụ bụ 2 × 80 mA, uru ahụ bụ 38 dB, na bandwit 3-dB gafere 35 dB ihe dị ka 70 GHz. N'ikpeazụ, a na-eme mmepụta microstructure dị elu iji chọpụta arụmọrụ nke HFS, nsonaazụ ya na-egosikwa na njirimara bandwit na nnyefe kwekọrọ na nsonaazụ simulation. Ya mere, a na-atụ anya na atụmatụ a tụrụ aro na akwụkwọ a ga-emepụta isi iyi radieshon terahertz-band dị elu, nke nwere ike maka ngwa n'ọdịnihu.
Dịka ngwa eletrọniki ikuku nkịtị, tube ebili mmiri na-agagharị (TWT) na-arụ ọrụ a na-apụghị ịgbanwe agbanwe n'ọtụtụ ngwa dịka radar dị elu, sistemụ nkwukọrịta satịlaịtị, na nchọpụta mbara igwe1,2,3. Agbanyeghị, ka ugboro ọrụ na-abanye na band terahertz, TWT ọdịnala jikọtara-cavity na TWT helical enwebeghị ike igbo mkpa ndị mmadụ n'ihi obere ike mmepụta, obere bandwit, na usoro nrụpụta siri ike. Ya mere, otu esi eme ka arụmọrụ nke band THZ ka mma abụrụla ihe na-echegbu ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ nyocha sayensị. N'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, usoro ebili mmiri dị nwayọ (SWS), dị ka usoro blade abụọ (SDV) staggered na usoro ebili mmiri apịaji (FW), enwetala nlebara anya dị ukwuu n'ihi usoro planar ha eke, ọkachasị SDV-SWS ọhụrụ nwere ike ikwe nkwa. UC-Davis tụrụ aro usoro a na 20084. Enwere ike iji usoro nhazi micro-nano dị ka njikwa ọnụọgụgụ kọmputa (CNC) na UV-LIGA mepụta usoro planar ngwa ngwa, usoro ngwugwu ígwè niile nwere ike inye nnukwu okpomọkụ. ikike nwere ike mmepụta na uru dị elu, yana nhazi dị ka nduzi ebili mmiri nwekwara ike inye bandwit ọrụ sara mbara. Ugbu a, UC Davis gosipụtara maka oge mbụ na 2017 na SDV-TWT nwere ike ịmepụta mmepụta ike dị elu karịa 100 W na ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ 14 GHz akara bandwit na G-band5. Agbanyeghị, nsonaazụ ndị a ka nwere oghere ndị na-enweghị ike imezu ihe achọrọ metụtara ike dị elu na bandwit sara mbara na band terahertz. Maka G-band SDV-TWT nke UC-Davis, ejirila mpempe akwụkwọ elektrọn. Ọ bụ ezie na atụmatụ a nwere ike imeziwanye ikike ibu ugbu a nke ogwe ahụ nke ọma, ọ na-esiri ike ịnọgide na-enwe anya nnyefe dị ogologo n'ihi enweghị ike nke sistemụ optical electron mpempe akwụkwọ (EOS), enwerekwa ọwara beam karịrị-mode, nke nwekwara ike ime ka ogwe ahụ na-achịkwa onwe ya. – Mkpali na oscillation 6,7. Iji mezuo ihe achọrọ maka ike mmepụta dị elu, bandwit sara mbara na ezigbo nkwụsi ike nke THZ TWT, a na-atụ aro SDV-SWS nke nwere ọrụ ụdị abụọ n'akwụkwọ a. Nke ahụ bụ, iji mee ka bandwit arụ ọrụ dịkwuo elu, a na-atụ aro ma webata ọrụ ụdị abụọ n'ime usoro a. Iji mee ka ike mmepụta dịkwuo elu, a na-ejikwa nkesa planar nke ogwe pensụl abụọ. Redio ogwe pensụl otu dị obere n'ihi oke nha kwụ ọtọ. Ọ bụrụ na njupụta ugbu a dị oke elu, a ga-ebelata ọkụ eletrik, na-ebute ike mmepụta dị obere. Iji melite ọkụ eletrik, EOS nke kesara planar apụtala, nke na-eji nha akụkụ nke SWS eme ihe. N'ihi ọwara oriọna onwe onye, ​​ọtụtụ ogwe nwere planar a kesara nwere ike nweta ike mmepụta dị elu site n'ịnọgide na-enwe ọkụ eletrik dị elu na obere ọkụ eletrik kwa ogwe, nke nwere ike izere ọwara ígwè karịrị akarị ma e jiri ya tụnyere ngwaọrụ mpempe akwụkwọ. Ya mere, ọ bara uru ịnọgide na-enwe nkwụsi ike nke ọkpọkọ ebili mmiri na-agagharị. Dabere na nke gara aga ọrụ8,9, akwụkwọ a na-atụ aro otu G-band magnetik field nke na-elekwasị anya na pensụl abụọ EOS, nke nwere ike ime ka anya nnyefe kwụsiri ike nke igere ahụ ka mma ma mee ka mpaghara mmekọrịta igere ahụ dịkwuo elu, si otú a na-eme ka ike mmepụta ahụ ka mma nke ukwuu.
Nhazi nke akwụkwọ a bụ otu a. Nke mbụ, a kọwara nhazi mkpụrụ ndụ SWS nwere paramita, nyocha njirimara mgbasa na nsonaazụ ihe nlereanya ugboro ugboro dị elu. Mgbe ahụ, dịka nhazi nke mkpụrụ ndụ nkeji si dị, e mepụtara usoro EOS na pensụl abụọ na usoro mmekọrịta osisi n'akwụkwọ a. A na-egosikwa nsonaazụ ihe nlereanya mkpụrụ ndụ n'ime sel iji chọpụta ojiji nke EOS na arụmọrụ nke SDV-TWT. Na mgbakwunye, akwụkwọ ahụ na-egosi obere oge nsonaazụ ihe nrụpụta na nnwale oyi iji chọpụta izi ezi nke HFS dum. N'ikpeazụ mee nchịkọta.
Dịka otu n'ime ihe ndị kacha mkpa na TWT, njirimara mgbasa nke usoro ebili mmiri dị nwayọ na-egosi ma ọsọ elektrọn hà nhata ọsọ nke SWS, ma si otú a nwee mmetụta dị ukwuu na mmekọrịta ebili mmiri. Iji melite arụmọrụ nke TWT dum, a na-eme atụmatụ nhazi mmekọrịta ka mma. E gosiri nhazi nke sel nkeji na Foto 1. N'ịtụle enweghị ike nke mpempe akwụkwọ na oke ike nke otu mpempe akwụkwọ, nhazi ahụ na-anabata ogwe mkpịsị abụọ iji melite ike mmepụta na nkwụsi ike ọrụ. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, iji mee ka bandwidth ọrụ dịkwuo elu, a tụrụ aro ụdị abụọ ka SWS rụọ ọrụ. N'ihi nhazi nke usoro SDV, enwere ike kewaa ngwọta nke nha nha mgbasa ozi elektrọnik n'ime ụdị dị iche iche na ọbụnadị. N'otu oge ahụ, a na-eji ụdị dị iche iche nke obere ugboro ole na ụdị dị larịị nke eriri ugboro ole na ole nke eriri ugboro dị elu iji mezuo njikọta obosara nke mmekọrịta ebili, si otú a na-eme ka bandwidth ọrụ ka mma.
Dịka ike achọrọ si dị, e ji voltaji akwọ ụgbọala nke 20 kV na ọkụ ọkụ okpukpu abụọ nke 2 × 80 mA mee ọkpọkọ ahụ dum. Iji kwekọọ na voltaji ahụ nke ọma na bandwit ọrụ nke SDV-SWS, anyị kwesịrị ịgbakọ ogologo oge p. E gosipụtara mmekọrịta dị n'etiti voltaji ọkụ na oge na nha anya (1)10:
Site n'ịtọ mgbanwe nkebi ahụ gaa na 2.5π na etiti ugboro nke 220 GHz, enwere ike ịgbakọ oge p ka ọ bụrụ 0.46 mm. Foto 2a na-egosi njirimara mgbasa nke sel nkeji SWS. Akara beam 20 kV dabara na usoro bimodal nke ọma. Njikọ ugboro dakọtara nwere ike iru ihe dị ka 70 GHz na oke 210–265.3 GHz (ụdị dị iche) na 265.4–280 GHz (ụdị ọbụna). Foto 2b na-egosi nkezi mgbochi njikọ, nke karịrị 0.6 Ω site na 210 ruo 290 GHz, na-egosi na mmekọrịta siri ike nwere ike ime na bandwit ọrụ.
(a) Àgwà mgbasa nke SDV-SW nke nwere ụdị abụọ nwere eriri elektrọn 20 kV.(b) Mgbochi mmekọrịta nke sekit SDV nke na-efegharị nwayọ.
Agbanyeghị, ọ dị mkpa ịmara na enwere oghere band n'etiti ụdịdị dị iche iche na nke dị iche, anyị na-akpọkarị oghere band a dị ka eriri nkwụsị, dịka egosiri na Foto 2a. Ọ bụrụ na a na-arụ ọrụ TWT n'akụkụ eriri ugboro a, ike njikọ siri ike nwere ike ime, nke ga-eduga na oscillations achọghị. Na ngwa bara uru, anyị na-ezerekarị iji TWT nso eriri nkwụsị. Agbanyeghị, enwere ike ịhụ na oghere band nke nhazi ebili mmiri nwayọ a bụ naanị 0.1 GHz. Ọ siri ike ịchọpụta ma obere oghere band a na-akpata oscillations. Ya mere, a ga-enyocha nkwụsi ike nke ọrụ gburugburu eriri nkwụsị na ngalaba ihe atụ PIC na-esote iji nyochaa ma oscillations achọghị nwere ike ime.
E gosiri ihe nlereanya nke HFS dum na Foto nke 3. Ọ nwere usoro abụọ nke SDV-SW, nke Bragg reflectors jikọtara. Ọrụ nke reflector bụ ibelata nnyefe mgbaàmà n'etiti usoro abụọ ahụ, gbochie oscillation na ntụgharị uche nke ụdị ndị na-anaghị arụ ọrụ dịka ụdị dị elu nke e mepụtara n'etiti agụba elu na ala, si otú a na-eme ka nkwụsi ike nke tube dum ka mma nke ukwuu. Maka njikọ na gburugburu ebe obibi, a na-ejikwa njikọ linear tapered iji jikọọ SWS na ntuziaka ebili mmiri WR-4 ọkọlọtọ. A na-atụ ọnụọgụ nnyefe nke nhazi ọkwa abụọ site na ihe ngwọta mpaghara oge na ngwanrọ simulation 3D. N'ịtụle mmetụta nke band terahertz na ihe ahụ, a na-etinye ihe dị na envelopu vacuum na mbụ ka ọ bụrụ ọla kọpa, a na-ebelatakwa conductivity ka ọ bụrụ 2.25 × 107 S/m12.
Foto nke 4 na-egosi nsonaazụ nnyefe maka HFS nwere njikọ eriri kwụ ọtọ na enweghị ya. Nsonaazụ ya na-egosi na njikọ ahụ enweghị mmetụta dị ukwuu na arụmọrụ nnyefe nke HFS niile. Mfu nloghachi (S11 < − 10 dB) na mfu ntinye (S21 > − 5 dB) nke sistemụ dum na broadband 207~280 GHz na-egosi na HFS nwere njirimara nnyefe dị mma.
Dịka ike nke ngwaọrụ eletrọnịkị vacuum, egbe eletrọn na-ekpebi ozugbo ma ngwaọrụ ahụ nwere ike ịmepụta ike mmepụta zuru oke. Tinyere nyocha nke HFS na Nkebi nke Abụọ, a chọrọ imepụta EOS abụọ-beam iji nye ike zuru oke. N'akụkụ a, dabere na ọrụ gara aga na W-band8,9, e ji akụkụ ihe mkpuchi planar na njikwa eletrọnịkị emepụta egbe eletrọn pensụl abụọ. Nke mbụ, dịka ihe achọrọ maka imewe nke SWS na Nkebi. Dịka egosiri na FIG. 2, a na-etinye voltaji Ua nke ogwe elektrọn na mbụ na 20 kV, ọkụ eletrik I nke ogwe elektrọn abụọ ahụ bụ 80 mA, na dayameta ogwe nke ogwe elektrọn bụ 0.13 mm. N'otu oge ahụ, iji hụ na enwere ike nweta njupụta ugbu a nke ogwe elektrọn na katode, a na-edozi oke mkpakọ nke ogwe elektrọn na 7, yabụ njupụta ugbu a nke ogwe elektrọn bụ 603 A/cm2, na njupụta ugbu a nke katode bụ 86 A/cm2, nke enwere ike imezu site na iji ihe katode ọhụrụ. Dịka echiche imewe 14, 15, 16, 17 si dị, enwere ike ịchọpụta egbe elektrọn Pierce nkịtị pụrụ iche.
Foto nke 5 na-egosi eserese eserese kwụ ọtọ na nke kwụ ọtọ nke egbe ahụ, n'otu n'otu. A pụrụ ịhụ na profaịlụ nke egbe elektrọn na ntụziaka x fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ otu ihe ahụ na egbe elektrọn nkịtị dị ka mpempe akwụkwọ, ebe n'akụkụ y, a na-ekewapụ ogwe elektrọn abụọ ahụ site na ihe mkpuchi ahụ. Ọnọdụ nke katọd abụọ ahụ dị na x = - 0.155 mm, y = 0 mm na x = 0.155 mm, y = 0 mm, n'otu n'otu. Dịka ihe achọrọ maka nhazi nke oke mkpakọ na nha ntinye elektrọn si dị, a na-ekpebi nha nke elu katọd abụọ ahụ ka ọ bụrụ 0.91 mm × 0.13 mm.
Iji mee ka ọkụ eletrik a lekwasịrị anya nke ọkụ eletrik ọ bụla natara na x-direction symmetrical gburugburu etiti nke ya, akwụkwọ a na-etinye electrode njikwa na egbe electron. Site n'ịtọ voltaji nke electrode a lekwasịrị anya na electrode a kapịrị ọnụ ruo −20 kV, na voltaji nke anode ruo 0 V, anyị nwere ike nweta nkesa trajectory nke egbe beam abụọ ahụ, dịka egosiri na Fig. 6. A pụrụ ịhụ na elektrọn ndị a na-ewepụta nwere ezigbo mkpakọ na ntụziaka y, na oghere elektrọn ọ bụla na-agbakọta na ntụziaka x n'akụkụ etiti nke ya, nke na-egosi na electrode a na-achịkwa na-edozi oghere eletrik na-enweghị nhata nke electrode a na-elekwasị anya mepụtara.
Foto nke 7 na-egosi ihe mkpuchi ọkụ eletrik n'akụkụ x na y. Nsonaazụ ya na-egosi na anya ntule nke ọkụ eletrik na ntụziaka x dị iche na nke dị na ntụziaka y. Anya ntule na ntụziaka x dị ihe dị ka 4mm, anya ntule na ntụziaka y dịkwa nso na 7mm. Ya mere, a ga-ahọrọ anya ntule n'ezie n'etiti 4 na 7 mm. Foto nke 8 na-egosi akụkụ obe nke ọkụ eletrik na 4.6 mm site na elu cathode. Anyị nwere ike ịhụ na ọdịdị nke akụkụ obe dị nso na ogwe elektrọn okirikiri ọkọlọtọ. Anya dị n'etiti ogwe elektrọn abụọ dị nso na 0.31 mm e mere atụmatụ, radius dịkwa ihe dị ka 0.13 mm, nke na-emezu ihe achọrọ maka imewe. Foto nke 9 na-egosi nsonaazụ ntule nke ọkụ eletrik. A pụrụ ịhụ na ọkụ eletrik abụọ ahụ bụ 76mA, nke kwekọrọ na 80mA e mere atụmatụ.
N'ịtụle mgbanwe nke voltaji na-anya ụgbọala na ngwa bara uru, ọ dị mkpa ịmụ banyere mmetụta voltaji nke ụdị a. Na oke voltaji nke 19.8 ~ 20.6 kV, a na-enweta envelopu ugbu a na nke ọkụ eletrik, dịka egosiri na Foto 1 na Foto 1.10 na 11. Site na nsonaazụ ya, a pụrụ ịhụ na mgbanwe nke voltaji na-anya ụgbọala enweghị mmetụta na envelopu ọkụ eletrik, na ọkụ eletrik na-agbanwe naanị site na 0.74 ruo 0.78 A. Ya mere, a pụrụ ịtụle na egbe eletrọn e mere na akwụkwọ a nwere ezigbo mmetụta na voltaji.
Mmetụta nke mgbanwe voltaji na-akpali akpali na envelopu ọkụ x- na y-direction.
Ebe ndọta ndọta otu bụ usoro ndọta na-adịgide adịgide. N'ihi nkesa ebe ndọta otu ahụ n'ofe ọwa ọkụ ahụ, ọ dabara nke ọma maka oghere elektrọn axisymmetric. Na ngalaba a, a na-atụ aro usoro ndọta otu maka idobe nnyefe ogologo oge nke ogwe pensụl abụọ. Site na inyocha ebe ndọta emepụtara na envelopu ebe ndọta, a na-atụ aro atụmatụ nhazi nke sistemụ ndọta, a na-amụkwa nsogbu mmetụta uche. Dịka ozizi nnyefe kwụsiri ike nke otu ebe ndọta agụrụ 18,19 si dị, enwere ike ịgbakọ uru ebe ndọta Brillouin site na nha nhata (2). Na akwụkwọ a, anyị na-ejikwa nha nhata a mee atụmatụ ebe ndọta ndọta nke ebe ndọta agụrụ 2 nke kesara n'akụkụ. Tinyere egbe elektrọn nke e mere na akwụkwọ a, uru ebe ndọta agụrụ 20 dị ihe dị ka 4000 Gs. Dịka Ref. 20 si kwuo, a na-ahọrọkarị uru agbakọrọ ugboro 1.5-2 na atụmatụ bara uru.
Foto nke 12 na-egosi nhazi nke sistemụ ubi magnetik otu. Akụkụ anụnụ anụnụ bụ magnetik na-adịgide adịgide nke e tinyere na ntụziaka axial. Nhọrọ ihe bụ NdFeB ma ọ bụ FeCoNi. Ntọala remanence Br na ụdị ihe nlereanya bụ 1.3 T na permeability bụ 1.05. Iji hụ na nnyefe kwụsiri ike nke ogwe ahụ na sekit niile, a na-edobe ogologo magnet ahụ na mbụ na 70 mm. Na mgbakwunye, nha magnet ahụ na ntụziaka x na-ekpebi ma oghere magnetik transverse dị na ọwa ogwe ahụ hà nhata, nke chọrọ ka nha na ntụziaka x enweghị ike ịdị obere. N'otu oge ahụ, na-atụle ọnụ ahịa na ibu nke tube ahụ dum, nha magnet ekwesịghị ịdị oke ibu. Ya mere, a na-edobe magnet ahụ na mbụ na 150 mm × 150 mm × 70 mm. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, iji hụ na enwere ike itinye sekit ebili mmiri nwayọ niile na sistemụ na-elekwasị anya, a na-edobe anya dị n'etiti magnet ahụ na 20mm.
Na 2015, Purna Chandra Panda21 tụrụ aro otu osisi nwere oghere nzọụkwụ ọhụrụ na sistemụ ndọta magnetik otu, nke nwere ike ibelata oke ntapu mmiri na kathode na oghere ndọta transverse nke e mepụtara na oghere ogwe osisi ahụ. N'akwụkwọ a, anyị na-agbakwunye usoro nzọụkwụ na akụkụ ogwe osisi nke sistemụ ndọta. A na-edobe ọkpụrụkpụ nke akụkụ ogwe osisi ahụ na mbụ na 1.5mm, elu na obosara nke nzọụkwụ atọ ahụ bụ 0.5mm, anya dị n'etiti oghere ogwe osisi ahụ bụ 2mm, dịka egosiri na Foto 13.
Foto 14a na-egosi nkesa ubi magnetik axial n'etiti etiti nke ogwe elektrọn abụọ ahụ. A na-ahụ na ike ubi magnetik n'akụkụ ogwe elektrọn abụọ ahụ hà nhata. Uru ubi magnetik ahụ dị ihe dị ka 6000 Gs, nke bụ okpukpu 1.5 nke ubi Brillouin nke echiche iji mee ka nnyefe na arụmọrụ lekwasị anya dịkwuo elu. N'otu oge ahụ, ubi magnetik na cathode fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ 0, na-egosi na ogwe osisi ahụ nwere mmetụta dị mma na igbochi ntapu mmiri magnetik. Foto 14b na-egosi nkesa ubi magnetik transverse Site na ntụziaka z na nsọtụ elu nke ogwe elektrọn abụọ ahụ. A na-ahụ na mbara igwe magnetik transverse erughị 200 Gs naanị na oghere ogwe osisi ahụ, ebe na sekit nwayọ-ebilite, mbara igwe magnetik transverse fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ efu, nke na-egosi na mmetụta nke mbara igwe magnetik transverse na ogwe elektrọn adịghị mma. Iji gbochie njupụta magnetik nke iberibe ogwe, ọ dị mkpa ịmụ ike mbara igwe magnetik n'ime iberibe ogwe. Foto 14c na-egosi uru zuru oke nke nkesa ubi magnetik n'ime ogwe osisi ahụ. A na-ahụ na uru zuru oke nke Ike ndọta ahụ erughị 1.2T, nke na-egosi na njupụta magnetik nke akụkụ ogwe ahụ agaghị eme.
Nkesa ike nke ubi magnetik maka Br = 1.3 T.(a) Nkesa ubi axial.(b) Nkesa ubi mpụta Site na ntụziaka z.(c) Uru zuru oke nke nkesa ubi n'ime ogwe osisi.
Dabere na modulu CST PS, a na-eme ka ọnọdụ axial nke egbe ogwe abụọ na sistemụ na-elekwasị anya dịkwuo mma. Dịka Ref. 9 na ihe atụ si dị, ebe kacha mma bụ ebe akụkụ anode ahụ na-ekpuchi akụkụ ogwe ahụ pụọ na magnet. Agbanyeghị, achọpụtara na ọ bụrụ na edobere remanence na 1.3T, nnyefe nke ogwe elektrọn agaghị eru 99%. Site n'ịbawanye remanence na 1.4 T, a ga-amụba oghere magnet na-elekwasị anya na 6500 Gs. E gosiri usoro okporo ụzọ osisi na xoz na yoz na Foto 15. A pụrụ ịhụ na ogwe ahụ nwere nnyefe dị mma, obere mgbanwe, na anya nnyefe karịrị 45mm.
Usoro nke ogwe pensụl abụọ n'okpuru sistemụ magnetik yiri nke ahụ nwere Br = 1.4 T.(a) ụgbọelu xoz.(b) ụgbọelu yoz.
Foto nke 16 na-egosi akụkụ obe nke ogwe ahụ n'ọnọdụ dị iche iche dị anya na kathode ahụ. A na-ahụ na a na-elekọta ọdịdị nke ngalaba ogwe ahụ na sistemụ na-elekwasị anya nke ọma, dayameta nke ngalaba ahụ anaghị agbanwe nke ukwuu. Foto nke 17 na-egosi envelopu ogwe ahụ na ntụziaka x na y, n'otu n'otu. A na-ahụ na mgbanwe nke ogwe ahụ n'akụkụ abụọ ahụ dị obere. Foto nke 18 na-egosi nsonaazụ ihe atụ nke ọkụ eletrik. Nsonaazụ ya na-egosi na ọkụ eletrik dị ihe dị ka 2 × 80 mA, nke kwekọrọ na uru agbakọrọ na nhazi egbe eletrọn.
Ngalaba obe nke oghere elektrọn (nwere sistemụ na-elekwasị anya) n'ọnọdụ dị iche iche site na kathode.
N'ịtụle usoro nsogbu dị ka njehie mgbakọ, mgbanwe voltaji, na mgbanwe na ike ubi magnetik na ngwa nhazi bara uru, ọ dị mkpa inyocha mmetụta nke sistemụ na-elekwasị anya. Ebe ọ bụ na enwere oghere dị n'etiti akụkụ anode na akụkụ poolu na nhazi n'ezie, a ga-etinye oghere a na ihe ngosi ahụ. Edobere uru oghere ahụ na 0.2 mm na Foto 19a na-egosi envelopu osisi na ọkụ eletrik n'akụkụ y. Nsonaazụ a na-egosi na mgbanwe dị na envelopu osisi ahụ adịghị mkpa na ọkụ eletrik ahụ anaghị agbanwe agbanwe. Ya mere, sistemụ ahụ anaghị enwe mmetụta maka njehie mgbakọ. Maka mgbanwe nke voltaji akwọ ụgbọala, a na-edozi oke njehie ahụ na ±0.5 kV. Foto 19b na-egosi nsonaazụ ntụnyere ahụ. Enwere ike ịhụ na mgbanwe voltaji ahụ enweghị mmetụta dị ukwuu na envelopu osisi ahụ. Edobere oke njehie ahụ site na -0.02 ruo +0.03 T maka mgbanwe na ike ubi magnetik. E gosiri nsonaazụ ntụnyere ahụ na Foto 20. Enwere ike ịhụ na mkpuchi osisi ahụ anaghị agbanwe agbanwe, nke pụtara na EOS dum enweghị mmetụta na mgbanwe na ike ubi magnetik.
Mkpọchi ọkụ na ọkụ eletrik na-apụta n'okpuru sistemụ ndọta otu.(a) Ndabere nke njikọta bụ 0.2 mm.(b) Mgbanwe voltaji na-anya bụ ±0.5 kV.
Envelopu ọkụ eletrik n'okpuru sistemụ ndọta otu nwere mgbanwe ike ndọta axial site na 0.63 ruo 0.68 T.
Iji hụ na sistemụ lekwasị anya nke e mere n'akwụkwọ a nwere ike ịdakọ na HFS, ọ dị mkpa ijikọta sistemụ lekwasị anya na HFS maka nyocha. Foto nke 21 na-egosi ntụnyere nke envelopu beam nwere na enweghị HFS ebugoro. Nsonaazụ ya na-egosi na envelopu beam anaghị agbanwe nke ukwuu mgbe ebugoro HFS dum. Ya mere, sistemụ lekwasị anya dabara adaba maka tube ebili mmiri na-agagharị HFS nke imewe dị n'elu.
Iji chọpụta izi ezi nke EOS atụpụtara na Nkebi nke Atọ ma nyochaa arụmọrụ nke 220 GHz SDV-TWT, a na-eme ihe ngosi 3D-PIC nke mmekọrịta beam-wave. N'ihi mmachi ngwanrọ simulation, anyị enweghị ike itinye EOS dum na HFS. Ya mere, ejiri elu na-ewepụta ihe nhata nke nwere dayameta nke 0.13mm na anya dị n'etiti elu abụọ nke 0.31mm dochie egbe eletrọn ahụ, otu paramita ahụ dị ka egbe eletrọn e mere n'elu. N'ihi enweghị mmetụta na nkwụsi ike dị mma nke EOS, enwere ike ime ka voltaji na-anya ụgbọala nke ọma iji nweta ike mmepụta kacha mma na simulation PIC. Nsonaazụ simulation ahụ na-egosi na enwere ike nweta ike mmepụta na uru zuru oke na voltaji na-anya nke 20.6 kV, ọkụ ọkụ nke 2 × 80 mA (603 A/cm2), na ike ntinye nke 0.05 W.
Iji nweta akara mmepụta kacha mma, ọ dịkwa mkpa ka e mee ka ọnụọgụgụ okirikiri dịkwuo mma. A na-enweta ike mmepụta kacha mma mgbe ọnụọgụgụ nke usoro abụọ bụ okirikiri 42 + 48, dịka egosiri na Foto 22a. A na-eme ka akara ntinye 0.05 W dịkwuo elu ruo 314 W na uru nke 38 dB. Ụdị ike mmepụta nke Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) nwetara dị ọcha, na-eru elu na 220 GHz. Foto 22b na-egosi nkesa ọnọdụ axial nke ike elektrọn na SWS, ebe ọtụtụ elektrọn na-efunahụ ike. Nsonaazụ a na-egosi na SDV-SW nwere ike ịtụgharị ike kinetic nke elektrọn ka ọ bụrụ akara RF, si otú a na-enweta mmụba mgbaàmà.
Mgbaàmà mmepụta SDV-SW na 220 GHz.(a) Ike mmepụta yana ụdịrị spectrum agbakwunyere.(b) Nkesa ike nke elektrọn nwere eriri elektrọn na njedebe nke ntinye SWS.
Foto nke 23 na-egosi bandwit ike mmepụta na uru nke SDV-TWT nke nwere ụdị abụọ. Enwere ike imeziwanye arụmọrụ mmepụta site na ịgbasa ugboro ugboro site na 200 ruo 275 GHz na imeziwanye voltaji draịva. Nsonaazụ a na-egosi na bandwit 3-dB nwere ike ikpuchi 205 ruo 275 GHz, nke pụtara na ọrụ abụọ nwere ike ịgbasa bandwit ọrụ nke ukwuu.
Agbanyeghị, dịka Fig. 2a si kwuo, anyị maara na enwere eriri nkwụsị n'etiti ụdịdị dị iche iche na nke ọbụna, nke nwere ike ibute oscillations achọghị. Ya mere, a ga-amụ nkwụsi ike ọrụ gburugburu nkwụsị ahụ. Foto 24a-c bụ nsonaazụ simulation 20 ns na 265.3 GHz, 265.35 GHz, na 265.4 GHz, n'otu n'otu. A pụrụ ịhụ na ọ bụ ezie na nsonaazụ simulation nwere ụfọdụ mgbanwe, ike mmepụta ahụ kwụsiri ike. Egosikwara spectrum ahụ na Foto 24 n'otu n'otu, spectrum ahụ dị ọcha. Nsonaazụ ndị a na-egosi na enweghị oscillation onwe ya nso band nkwụsị.
Ọ dị mkpa imepụta na nha iji chọpụta izi ezi nke HFS dum. N'akụkụ a, a na-eji teknụzụ njikwa ọnụọgụgụ kọmputa (CNC) emepụta HFS nwere dayameta ngwaọrụ nke 0.1 mm na izi ezi nke igwe nke 10 μm. A na-enye ihe maka nhazi ugboro ugboro site na ọla kọpa na-enweghị oxygen (OFHC). Foto 25a na-egosi nhazi arụpụtara. Nhazi ahụ dum nwere ogologo 66.00 mm, obosara nke 20.00 mm na elu nke 8.66 mm. A na-ekesa oghere pin asatọ gburugburu nhazi ahụ. Foto 25b na-egosi nhazi ahụ site na inyocha microscopy electron (SEM). A na-emepụta agụba nke nhazi a n'otu aka ahụ ma nwee ezigbo oke elu. Mgbe nhachara nke ọma, njehie igwe zuru oke erughị 5%, oke elu dịkwa ihe dị ka 0.4 μm. Nhazi igwe na-emezu ihe achọrọ maka imewe na nkenke.
Foto nke 26 na-egosi ntụnyere dị n'etiti nsonaazụ nnwale n'ezie na ihe ngosi nke arụmọrụ nnyefe. Ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri 1 na Ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri 2 na Foto nke 26a kwekọrọ na ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri ntinye na mmepụta nke HFS, n'otu n'otu, ha dịkwa ka Ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri 1 na Ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri 4 na Foto nke 3. Nsonaazụ nha n'ezie nke S11 dị ntakịrị mma karịa nsonaazụ ihe ngosi. N'otu oge ahụ, nsonaazụ a tụrụ nke S21 dị ntakịrị njọ. Ihe kpatara ya nwere ike ịbụ na njikwa ihe dị na ihe ngosi ahụ dị oke elu na oke iru ala mgbe emechara igwe anaghị arụ ọrụ nke ọma. N'ozuzu, nsonaazụ a tụrụ na-ekwenye na nsonaazụ ihe ngosi ahụ, bandwidth nnyefe ahụ na-emezu ihe achọrọ nke 70 GHz, nke na-egosi na ọ ga-ekwe omume na izi ezi nke SDV-TWT abụọ akwadoro. Ya mere, yana usoro mmepụta n'ezie na nsonaazụ nnwale, enwere ike iji nhazi SDV-TWT abụọ nke ultra-broadband akwadoro na akwụkwọ a maka imepụta na ngwa ndị ọzọ.
N'akwụkwọ a, e gosipụtara atụmatụ zuru ezu nke nkesa planar 220 GHz dual-beam SDV-TWT. Njikọta nke ọrụ dual-mode na dual-beam excitation na-eme ka bandwit ọrụ na ike mmepụta dịkwuo elu. A na-emekwa ule mmepụta na oyi iji chọpụta izi ezi nke HFS niile. Nsonaazụ nha n'ezie kwekọrọ na nsonaazụ simulation. Maka EOS dual-beam e mere, ejirila ngalaba ihe mkpuchi na electrodes njikwa ọnụ iji mepụta beam pensụl abụọ. N'okpuru ebe magnetik e mere eme, enwere ike ibufe beam electron ahụ n'ebe dị anya na ọdịdị dị mma. N'ọdịnihu, a ga-eme mmepụta na nnwale nke EOS, a ga-emekwa nnwale okpomọkụ nke TWT dum. Atụmatụ nhazi SDV-TWT a tụrụ aro na akwụkwọ a na-ejikọta teknụzụ nhazi planar ugbu a nke ọma, ma na-egosi nnukwu ikike na ihe ngosi arụmọrụ na nhazi na nkpọkọta. Ya mere, akwụkwọ a kwenyere na nhazi planar ga-abụ usoro mmepe nke ngwaọrụ eletrọniki vacuum na band terahertz.
E tinyela ọtụtụ n'ime data na ihe nlereanya nyocha dị na nnyocha a n'akwụkwọ a. Enwere ike nweta ozi ndị ọzọ dị mkpa site n'aka onye dere ya ma ọ bụrụ na a rịọ ya nke ọma.
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