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A cikin wannan takarda, an tsara kuma an tabbatar da bututun mai tafiya mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi mai 220GHz mai ratsawa. Da farko, an gabatar da tsarin mai tafiya mai laushi mai laushi mai laushi mai laushi mai laushi. Ta hanyar amfani da tsarin aiki na yanayi biyu, aikin watsawa da bandwidth sun kusan ninka na yanayi ɗaya. Na biyu, don biyan buƙatun ƙarfin fitarwa mai yawa da inganta kwanciyar hankali na bututun mai tafiya, an tsara tsarin gani na lantarki mai siffar fensir biyu, ƙarfin tuƙi shine 20 ~ 21 kV, kuma halin yanzu shine 2 × 80 mA. Manufofin ƙira. Ta hanyar amfani da ɓangaren abin rufe fuska da lantarki mai sarrafawa a cikin bindigar mai hawa biyu, ana iya mai da hankali kan sandunan fensir guda biyu tare da cibiyoyinsu tare da rabon matsi na 7, nisan mai mayar da hankali shine kusan 0.18mm, kuma kwanciyar hankali yana da kyau. An kuma inganta tsarin mai da hankali kan maganadisu iri ɗaya. Nisan watsawa mai ƙarfi na hasken lantarki mai hawa biyu na planar zai iya kaiwa 45 mm, kuma filin maganadisu mai mai da hankali shine 0.6 T, wanda ya isa ya rufe dukkan tsarin mitar mai hawa biyu. (HFS). Sannan, don tabbatar da amfani da tsarin electron-optical da aikin tsarin jinkirin-wave, an kuma yi kwaikwayon ƙwayoyin barbashi (PIC) a kan dukkan HFS. Sakamakon ya nuna cewa tsarin hulɗar haske zai iya cimma ƙarfin fitarwa mafi girma na kusan 310 W a 220 GHz, ƙarfin wutar lantarki mai kyau shine 20.6 kV, ƙarfin hasken shine 2 × 80 mA, ribar shine 38 dB, kuma bandwidth na 3-dB ya wuce 35 dB kimanin 70 GHz. A ƙarshe, ana yin ƙirar microstructure mai inganci don tabbatar da aikin HFS, kuma sakamakon ya nuna cewa bandwidth da halayen watsawa sun yi daidai da sakamakon kwaikwayon. Saboda haka, ana sa ran tsarin da aka gabatar a cikin wannan takarda zai haɓaka tushen hasken terahertz-band mai ƙarfi, mai matuƙar watsawa tare da yuwuwar amfani da shi nan gaba.
A matsayin na'urar lantarki ta zamani ta injin tsotsar ruwa, bututun raƙuman ruwa na tafiya (TWT) yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a aikace-aikace da yawa kamar radar mai ƙuduri mai girma, tsarin sadarwa ta tauraron dan adam, da kuma binciken sararin samaniya1,2,3. Duk da haka, yayin da mitar aiki ke shiga cikin terahertz, TWT mai haɗin gwiwa na gargajiya da TWT mai helical ba su iya biyan buƙatun mutane ba saboda ƙarancin ƙarfin fitarwa, ƙarancin bandwidth, da kuma hanyoyin kera abubuwa masu wahala. Saboda haka, yadda ake inganta aikin band na THZ gaba ɗaya ya zama abin damuwa ga cibiyoyin bincike na kimiyya da yawa. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, sabbin tsarin raƙuman ruwa masu jinkiri (SWS), kamar tsarin ruwa mai zagaye biyu (SDV) da tsarin jagorar raƙuman ruwa mai ninkaya (FW), sun sami kulawa sosai saboda tsarin su na planar na halitta, musamman sabon SDV-SWS tare da yuwuwar mai kyau. UC-Davis ne ya gabatar da wannan tsarin a cikin 20084. Tsarin planar za a iya ƙera shi cikin sauƙi ta hanyar dabarun sarrafa micro-nano kamar sarrafa lambobi na kwamfuta (CNC) da UV-LIGA, tsarin kunshin ƙarfe duka zai iya samar da babban zafi. ƙarfin da ke da ƙarfin fitarwa da riba mafi girma, da kuma tsarin kamar jagorar raƙuman ruwa kuma yana iya samar da faffadan bandwidth na aiki. A halin yanzu, UC Davis ya nuna a karon farko a cikin 2017 cewa SDV-TWT na iya samar da fitarwa mai ƙarfi fiye da 100 W da siginar bandwidth kusan 14 GHz a cikin G-band5. Duk da haka, waɗannan sakamakon har yanzu suna da gibin da ba za su iya biyan buƙatun da suka shafi babban iko da bandwidth mai faɗi a cikin band terahertz ba. Ga SDV-TWT na G-band na UC-Davis, an yi amfani da hasken lantarki na takarda. Kodayake wannan tsarin zai iya inganta ƙarfin ɗaukar hasken yanzu na band, yana da wuya a kula da nisan watsawa mai tsawo saboda rashin daidaiton tsarin gani na lantarki na takarda (EOS), kuma akwai ramin katako mai wuce gona da iri, wanda kuma zai iya sa katakon ya daidaita kansa. – Ƙarfafawa da juyawa 6,7. Domin biyan buƙatun ƙarfin fitarwa mai yawa, faɗin bandwidth da kwanciyar hankali na THZ TWT, an gabatar da SDV-SWS mai walƙiya biyu tare da aikin yanayi biyu a cikin wannan takarda. Wato, domin ƙara girman bandwidth na aiki, an gabatar da aikin yanayi biyu kuma an gabatar da shi a cikin wannan tsari. Kuma, don ƙara ƙarfin fitarwa, ana amfani da rarraba bututun fensir biyu mai walƙiya. Radiyon hasken fensir ɗaya suna da ƙanƙanta saboda ƙa'idodin girman tsaye. Idan yawan halin yanzu ya yi yawa, dole ne a rage ƙarfin hasken, wanda ke haifar da ƙarancin ƙarfin fitarwa. Don inganta hasken wutar lantarki, EOS mai walƙiya mai walƙiya ya bayyana, wanda ke amfani da girman gefe na SWS. Saboda ramin hasken wutar lantarki mai zaman kansa, ramin hasken wutar lantarki mai walƙiya da yawa da aka rarraba na iya cimma babban ƙarfin fitarwa ta hanyar kiyaye babban ƙarfin hasken wutar lantarki da ƙaramin ƙarfin wutar lantarki a kowace fitila, wanda zai iya guje wa ramin hasken wutar lantarki mai wuce gona da iri idan aka kwatanta da na'urorin katako. Saboda haka, yana da amfani a kiyaye kwanciyar hankalin bututun raƙuman tafiya. Dangane da na baya aiki8,9, wannan takarda ta gabatar da wani nau'in filin maganadisu mai tsari na G-band mai mai da hankali kan katakon fensir biyu EOS, wanda zai iya inganta nisan watsawa mai dorewa na katakon da kuma ƙara haɓaka yankin hulɗar katako, ta haka yana inganta ƙarfin fitarwa sosai.
Tsarin wannan takarda kamar haka ne. Da farko, an bayyana ƙirar tantanin halitta na SWS tare da sigogi, nazarin halayen watsawa da sakamakon kwaikwayon mita mai yawa. Sannan, bisa ga tsarin tantanin halitta, an tsara tsarin hulɗar fensir biyu EOS da tsarin hulɗar katako a cikin wannan takarda. Hakanan an gabatar da sakamakon kwaikwayon barbashi na cikin ƙwayoyin halitta don tabbatar da amfani da EOS da aikin SDV-TWT. Bugu da ƙari, takardar ta gabatar da sakamakon gwaji na ƙira da sanyi a takaice don tabbatar da daidaiton dukkan HFS. A ƙarshe yi taƙaitaccen bayani.
A matsayin ɗaya daga cikin muhimman abubuwan da ke cikin TWT, halayen warwatsewar tsarin raƙuman ruwa suna nuna ko saurin lantarki ya yi daidai da saurin yanayin SWS, don haka yana da babban tasiri akan hulɗar raƙuman ruwa. Don inganta aikin dukkan TWT, an tsara ingantaccen tsarin hulɗa. An nuna tsarin ƙwayar naúrar a cikin Hoto na 1. Idan aka yi la'akari da rashin daidaiton hasken takardar da ƙarancin wutar lantarki na hasken alkalami ɗaya, tsarin yana ɗaukar hasken alkalami biyu don ƙara inganta ƙarfin fitarwa da kwanciyar hankali na aiki. A halin yanzu, don ƙara yawan hasken aiki, an gabatar da yanayin biyu don SWS ta yi aiki. Saboda daidaiton tsarin SDV, za a iya raba mafita na lissafin watsawar filin lantarki zuwa yanayi marasa kyau da ma'ana. A lokaci guda, ana amfani da yanayin rashin daidaituwa na ƙaramin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaiciya don cimma daidaituwar haɗin haɗin gwiwar hasken, ta haka ne inganta bandwidth ɗin aiki.
Dangane da buƙatun wutar lantarki, an tsara dukkan bututun da ƙarfin tuƙi na 20 kV da kuma wutar lantarki mai walƙiya biyu na 2 × 80 mA. Domin daidaita ƙarfin lantarki da bandwidth ɗin aiki na SDV-SWs gwargwadon iko, muna buƙatar ƙididdige tsawon lokacin p. Alaƙar da ke tsakanin ƙarfin lantarki mai walƙiya da lokaci an nuna ta a cikin lissafi (1)10:
Ta hanyar saita canjin lokaci zuwa 2.5π a tsakiyar mitar 220 GHz, ana iya ƙididdige lokacin p zuwa 0.46 mm. Hoto na 2a yana nuna halayen watsawa na tantanin halitta na SWS. Layin haske na 20 kV ya dace da lanƙwasa bimodal sosai. Madaidaitan mitoci na iya kaiwa kusan 70 GHz a cikin kewayon 210-265.3 GHz (yanayin da ba daidai ba) da 265.4-280 GHz (yanayin da ba daidai ba). Hoto na 2b yana nuna matsakaicin juriyar haɗin gwiwa, wanda ya fi 0.6 Ω daga 210 zuwa 290 GHz, yana nuna cewa hulɗa mai ƙarfi na iya faruwa a cikin bandwidth na aiki.
(a) Halayen watsewa na SDV-SW mai yanayin biyu tare da layin wutar lantarki na 20 kV.(b) Rashin jituwa tsakanin da'irar SDV mai jinkirin rabe-rabe.
Duk da haka, yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa akwai tazarar band tsakanin yanayin da ba a saba gani ba da ma'ana, kuma yawanci muna kiran wannan tazarar band a matsayin tazarar band, kamar yadda aka nuna a Hoto na 2a. Idan ana aiki da TWT kusa da wannan tazarar mitoci, ƙarfin haɗin haske mai ƙarfi na iya faruwa, wanda zai haifar da juyawar da ba a so. A aikace-aikace na aiki, gabaɗaya muna guje wa amfani da TWT kusa da tazarar band. Duk da haka, ana iya ganin cewa tazarar band na wannan tsarin jinkirin raƙuman ruwa 0.1 GHz ne kawai. Yana da wuya a tantance ko wannan ƙaramin tazarar band yana haifar da juyawa. Saboda haka, za a binciki kwanciyar hankali na aiki a kusa da tazarar band a cikin sashin kwaikwayon PIC mai zuwa don bincika ko juyawar da ba a so na iya faruwa.
An nuna samfurin HFS gaba ɗaya a Hoto na 3. Ya ƙunshi matakai biyu na SDV-SW, waɗanda Bragg reflectors suka haɗa. Aikin reflector shine yanke watsa sigina tsakanin matakai biyu, danne juyawa da kuma nuna yanayin da ba sa aiki kamar yanayin manyan ayyuka da aka samar tsakanin ruwan wukake na sama da na ƙasa, ta haka yana inganta kwanciyar hankali na dukkan bututun. Don haɗawa da muhallin waje, ana amfani da haɗin kai mai layi don haɗa SWS zuwa jagorar raƙuman ruwa na WR-4. Ana auna ma'aunin watsawa na tsarin matakai biyu ta hanyar mai warware yankin lokaci a cikin software na kwaikwayo na 3D. Idan aka yi la'akari da ainihin tasirin band ɗin terahertz akan kayan, kayan ambulan injin an fara saita shi zuwa jan ƙarfe, kuma an rage ƙarfin lantarki zuwa 2.25×107 S/m12.
Siffa ta 4 ta nuna sakamakon watsawa na HFS tare da kuma ba tare da masu haɗa layi ba. Sakamakon ya nuna cewa mahaɗin ba shi da wani tasiri sosai kan aikin watsawa na dukkan HFS. Asarar dawowa (S11 < − 10 dB) da asarar sakawa (S21 > − 5 dB) na tsarin gaba ɗaya a cikin babban hanyar sadarwa ta 207~280 GHz sun nuna cewa HFS yana da kyawawan halayen watsawa.
A matsayin wutar lantarki na na'urorin lantarki na injin, bindigar lantarki kai tsaye tana tantance ko na'urar za ta iya samar da isasshen wutar lantarki. Tare da nazarin HFS a Sashe na II, ana buƙatar tsara EOS mai katako biyu don samar da isasshen wutar lantarki. A cikin wannan ɓangaren, bisa ga aikin da aka yi a baya a cikin W-band8,9, an tsara bindigar lantarki mai fensir biyu ta amfani da ɓangaren abin rufe fuska na planar da kuma na'urorin sarrafa lantarki. Da farko, bisa ga buƙatun ƙira na SWS a Sashe. Kamar yadda aka nuna a Hoto na 2. 2, ƙarfin lantarki mai tuƙi na Ua na hasken lantarki an saita shi da farko zuwa 20 kV, kwararar lantarki I na hasken lantarki guda biyu duka 80 mA ne, kuma diamita na hasken lantarki dw na hasken lantarki shine 0.13 mm. A lokaci guda, domin tabbatar da cewa ana iya cimma yawan hasken lantarki da na cathode, an saita rabon matsi na hasken lantarki zuwa 7, don haka yawan hasken lantarki shine 603 A/cm2, kuma yawan hasken lantarki shine 86 A/cm2, wanda za a iya cimmawa ta hanyar amfani da sabbin kayan cathode. Dangane da ka'idar ƙira 14, 15, 16, 17, ana iya gano bindigar Pierce ta musamman.
Siffa ta 5 tana nuna zane-zanen bindigar a kwance da kuma a tsaye. Za a iya ganin cewa siffar bindigar lantarki a cikin alkiblar x kusan iri ɗaya ce da ta bindigar lantarki mai kama da takarda, yayin da a cikin alkiblar y, an raba hasken lantarkin guda biyu ta hanyar abin rufe fuska. Matsayin cathodes guda biyu suna a x = - 0.155 mm, y = 0 mm da x = 0.155 mm, y = 0 mm, bi da bi. Dangane da buƙatun ƙira na rabon matsi da girman allurar lantarki, an ƙaddara girman saman cathode guda biyu ya zama 0.91 mm × 0.13 mm.
Domin a yi amfani da filin lantarki mai mayar da hankali wanda kowace hasken lantarki ta samu a cikin hasken x-direction daidaitacce a tsakiyarsa, wannan takarda ta yi amfani da na'urar lantarki mai sarrafawa zuwa gun electron. Ta hanyar saita ƙarfin lantarki na hasken lantarki mai mayar da hankali da na'urar sarrafawa zuwa −20 kV, da kuma ƙarfin anode zuwa 0 V, za mu iya samun rarraba hanyar bindigar beam biyu, kamar yadda aka nuna a Hoto na 6. Za a iya ganin cewa electrons da aka fitar suna da kyakkyawan matsewa a cikin hasken y, kuma kowane hasken electron yana haɗuwa zuwa ga hasken x tare da tsakiyar haskensa, wanda ke nuna cewa hasken lantarki mai sarrafawa yana daidaita filin lantarki mara daidaito da hasken lantarki mai mayar da hankali ya samar.
Siffa ta 7 tana nuna ambulan katako a cikin alkiblar x da y. Sakamakon ya nuna cewa nisan hasashen hasken lantarki a cikin alkiblar x ya bambanta da na alkiblar y. Nisan jifa a cikin alkiblar x yana da kusan 4mm, kuma nisan jifa a cikin alkiblar y yana kusa da 7mm. Saboda haka, ya kamata a zaɓi ainihin nisan jifa tsakanin 4 da 7 mm. Siffa ta 8 tana nuna sashin giciye na hasken lantarki a 4.6 mm daga saman cathode. Za mu iya ganin cewa siffar sashin giciye ya fi kusa da alkiblar electron mai zagaye. Nisa tsakanin alkiblar electron guda biyu yana kusa da alkiblar 0.31 mm da aka tsara, kuma radius yana da kusan 0.13 mm, wanda ya cika buƙatun ƙira. Siffa ta 9 tana nuna sakamakon kwaikwayon hasken lantarki. Za a iya ganin cewa hasken lantarki guda biyu suna da 76mA, wanda ya yi daidai da 80mA da aka tsara.
Idan aka yi la'akari da canjin ƙarfin lantarki na tuƙi a aikace-aikace masu amfani, ya zama dole a yi nazarin ƙarfin lantarki na wannan samfurin. A cikin kewayon ƙarfin lantarki na 19.8 ~ 20.6 kV, an sami ambulan halin yanzu da na katako, kamar yadda aka nuna a Hoto na 1 da Hoto na 1.10 da 11. Daga sakamakon, za a iya ganin cewa canjin ƙarfin lantarki na tuƙi ba shi da wani tasiri ga ambulan hasken lantarki, kuma ƙarfin lantarki na katako na electron yana canzawa ne kawai daga 0.74 zuwa 0.78 A. Saboda haka, za a iya la'akari da cewa bindigar lantarki da aka tsara a cikin wannan takarda tana da kyakkyawan yanayin zafi ga ƙarfin lantarki.
Tasirin canjin ƙarfin lantarki da ke motsawa akan ambulan hasken x- da y-direction.
Filin mai da hankali kan maganadisu iri ɗaya tsarin mai da hankali kan maganadisu na dindindin ne. Saboda rarraba filin maganadisu iri ɗaya a cikin tashar hasken, ya dace sosai da hasken lantarki na axisymmetric. A cikin wannan sashe, an gabatar da tsarin mai da hankali kan maganadisu iri ɗaya don kiyaye watsawa mai nisa na hasken fensir biyu. Ta hanyar nazarin filin maganadisu da aka samar da shi da kuma ambulan katako, an gabatar da tsarin ƙira na tsarin mai da hankali, kuma an yi nazarin matsalar hankali. Dangane da ka'idar watsawa mai karko na hasken fensir guda ɗaya18,19, ana iya ƙididdige ƙimar filin maganadisu na Brillouin ta hanyar lissafi (2). A cikin wannan takarda, muna kuma amfani da wannan daidaito don kimanta filin maganadisu na hasken fensir biyu da aka rarraba a gefe. Tare da bindigar electron da aka tsara a cikin wannan takarda, ƙimar filin maganadisu da aka ƙididdige ta kusan 4000 Gs. Dangane da Ref. 20, sau 1.5-2 ana zaɓar ƙimar da aka ƙididdige yawanci a cikin ƙira masu amfani.
Siffa ta 12 ta nuna tsarin tsarin filin mai da hankali kan maganadisu iri ɗaya. Sashen shuɗi shine magnet na dindindin wanda aka haɗa shi a cikin alkiblar axial. Zaɓin kayan shine NdFeB ko FeCoNi. Saitin remanence Br a cikin samfurin kwaikwayo shine 1.3 T kuma ikon yin amfani da shi shine 1.05. Domin tabbatar da daidaiton watsawar katako a cikin da'irar gaba ɗaya, an fara saita tsawon maganadisu zuwa 70 mm. Bugu da ƙari, girman maganadisu a cikin alkiblar x yana ƙayyade ko filin maganadisu mai ratsawa a cikin tashar katako iri ɗaya ne, wanda ke buƙatar girman da ke cikin alkiblar x ba zai iya zama ƙanana ba. A lokaci guda, idan aka yi la'akari da farashi da nauyin bututun gaba ɗaya, girman maganadisu bai kamata ya yi girma da yawa ba. Saboda haka, da farko an saita maganadisu zuwa 150 mm × 150 mm × 70 mm. A halin yanzu, don tabbatar da cewa za a iya sanya da'irar jinkirin-rage a cikin tsarin mai da hankali, an saita nisa tsakanin maganadisu zuwa 20mm.
A shekarar 2015, Purna Chandra Panda21 ta gabatar da wani yanki na sanda mai sabon rami mai matakai a cikin tsarin mayar da hankali kan maganadisu iri ɗaya, wanda zai iya ƙara rage girman kwararar ruwa zuwa cathode da filin maganadisu mai wucewa da aka samar a ramin sandar. A cikin wannan takarda, mun ƙara tsari mai matakai zuwa ga yanki na sandar tsarin mayar da hankali. Da farko an saita kauri na yanki na sandar zuwa 1.5mm, tsayi da faɗin matakai uku sune 0.5mm, kuma nisan da ke tsakanin ramukan sandar shine 2mm, kamar yadda aka nuna a Hoto na 13.
Siffa ta 14a tana nuna rarraba filin maganadisu na axial tare da tsakiyar hasken lantarki guda biyu. Ana iya ganin cewa ƙarfin filin maganadisu tare da hasken lantarki guda biyu daidai yake. Ƙimar filin maganadisu kusan 6000 Gs ne, wanda ya ninka filin Brillouin sau 1.5 na ka'idar don ƙara yawan watsawa da aikin mai da hankali. A lokaci guda, filin maganadisu a cathode kusan 0 ne, yana nuna cewa guntun sandar yana da tasiri mai kyau wajen hana kwararar kwararar maganadisu. Siffa ta 14b tana nuna rarraba filin maganadisu mai wucewa Ta hanyar alkiblar z a gefen sama na hasken lantarki guda biyu. Ana iya ganin cewa filin maganadisu mai wucewa ƙasa da 200 Gs ne kawai a ramin sandar sandar, yayin da a cikin da'irar jinkirin-rage, filin maganadisu mai wucewa kusan sifili ne, wanda ke tabbatar da cewa tasirin filin maganadisu mai wucewa akan hasken lantarki ba shi da yawa. Don hana cikar magnetic na guntun sandar, yana da mahimmanci a yi nazarin ƙarfin filin maganadisu a cikin guntun sandar. Siffa ta 14c tana nuna cikakken ƙimar rarraba filin maganadisu a cikin guntun sandar. Ana iya ganin cikakken ƙimar Ƙarfin filin maganaɗisu bai kai 1.2T ba, wanda ke nuna cewa cikar maganaɗisu na ɓangaren sandar ba zai faru ba.
Rarraba ƙarfin filin maganadisu don Br = 1.3 T.(a) Rarraba filin axial.(b) Rarraba filin a gefe Ta hanyar alkiblar z.(c) Cikakken ƙimar rarraba filin a cikin guntun sandar.
Dangane da tsarin CST PS, an inganta matsayin axial na bindigar beam biyu da tsarin mai da hankali. Dangane da Ref. 9 da kwaikwayo, mafi kyawun wuri shine inda yanki na anode ya mamaye yanki na sandar daga maganadisu. Duk da haka, an gano cewa idan an saita remanence zuwa 1.3T, watsawar beam ɗin electron ba zai iya kaiwa 99% ba. Ta hanyar ƙara remanence zuwa 1.4 T, za a ƙara filin maganadisu mai mai da hankali zuwa 6500 Gs. An nuna hanyoyin beam akan jiragen xoz da yoz a Hoto na 15. Ana iya ganin cewa beam ɗin yana da kyakkyawan watsawa, ƙaramin canji, da nisan watsawa fiye da 45mm.
Alamomin firam ɗin fensir biyu a ƙarƙashin tsarin maganadisu mai kama da juna tare da Br = 1.4 T.(a) jirgin sama xoz.(b) jirgin sama yoz.
Hoto na 16 yana nuna giciyen katakon a wurare daban-daban nesa da cathode. Ana iya ganin cewa siffar sashin katakon a cikin tsarin mai da hankali yana da kyau, kuma diamita na sashin bai canza sosai ba. Hoto na 17 yana nuna ambulan katakon a cikin kwatancen x da y, bi da bi. Ana iya ganin cewa canjin katakon a duka kwatancen yana da ƙanƙanta sosai. Hoto na 18 yana nuna sakamakon kwaikwayon wutar lantarkin katakon. Sakamakon ya nuna cewa wutar lantarkin tana da kusan 2 × 80 mA, wanda ya yi daidai da ƙimar da aka ƙididdige a cikin ƙirar bindigar lantarki.
Sashen giciye na hasken lantarki (tare da tsarin mayar da hankali) a wurare daban-daban nesa da cathode.
Idan aka yi la'akari da jerin matsaloli kamar kurakuran haɗuwa, canjin ƙarfin lantarki, da canje-canje a ƙarfin filin maganadisu a aikace-aikacen sarrafawa, ya zama dole a yi nazarin yadda tsarin mai da hankali yake. Saboda akwai gibi tsakanin guntun anode da guntun sandar a ainihin sarrafawa, wannan gibin yana buƙatar a saita shi a cikin kwaikwayon. An saita ƙimar gibin zuwa 0.2 mm kuma Hoto na 19a yana nuna ambulan katako da hasken wutar lantarki a cikin alkiblar y. Wannan sakamakon ya nuna cewa canjin ambulan katako ba shi da mahimmanci kuma hasken wutar lantarki yana canzawa da wuya. Saboda haka, tsarin ba shi da damuwa da kurakuran haɗuwa. Don canjin ƙarfin wutar lantarki mai tuƙi, an saita kewayon kuskure zuwa ±0.5 kV. Hoto na 19b yana nuna sakamakon kwatantawa. Ana iya gani cewa canjin ƙarfin lantarki ba shi da tasiri sosai akan ambulan katako. An saita kewayon kuskure daga -0.02 zuwa +0.03 T don canje-canje a ƙarfin filin maganadisu. An nuna sakamakon kwatantawa a Hoto na 20. Ana iya gani cewa ambulan katako yana canzawa da wuya, wanda ke nufin cewa duk EOS ba shi da damuwa da canje-canje a ƙarfin filin maganadisu.
Ambulan katako da kuma halin yanzu suna faruwa a ƙarƙashin tsarin mayar da hankali kan maganadisu iri ɗaya.(a) Juriyar haɗuwa shine 0.2 mm.(b) Canjin ƙarfin lantarki mai tuƙi shine ±0.5 kV.
Ambulan katako a ƙarƙashin tsarin mayar da hankali kan maganadisu iri ɗaya tare da canjin ƙarfin filin maganadisu na axial daga 0.63 zuwa 0.68 T.
Domin tabbatar da cewa tsarin mayar da hankali da aka tsara a cikin wannan takarda zai iya daidaitawa da HFS, ya zama dole a haɗa tsarin mayar da hankali da HFS don bincike. Hoto na 21 yana nuna kwatancen ambulan katako tare da da kuma ba tare da an ɗora HFS ba. Sakamakon ya nuna cewa ambulan katako ba ya canzawa sosai lokacin da aka ɗora dukkan HFS. Saboda haka, tsarin mayar da hankali ya dace da bututun raƙuman ruwa na tafiya HFS na ƙirar da ke sama.
Domin tabbatar da daidaiton EOS da aka gabatar a Sashe na III da kuma bincika aikin 220 GHz SDV-TWT, an yi kwaikwayon 3D-PIC na hulɗar beam-wave. Saboda iyakokin software na kwaikwayo, ba mu sami damar ƙara dukkan EOS zuwa HFS ba. Saboda haka, an maye gurbin bindigar electron da wani wuri mai fitarwa daidai da diamita na 0.13mm da nisa tsakanin saman biyu na 0.31mm, sigogi iri ɗaya kamar bindigar electron da aka tsara a sama. Saboda rashin jin daɗi da kwanciyar hankali na EOS, ana iya inganta ƙarfin tuƙi yadda ya kamata don cimma mafi kyawun ƙarfin fitarwa a cikin kwaikwayon PIC. Sakamakon kwaikwayon ya nuna cewa ana iya samun cikakken ƙarfin fitarwa da riba a ƙarfin tuƙi na 20.6 kV, hasken wutar lantarki na 2 × 80 mA (603 A/cm2), da ƙarfin shigarwa na 0.05 W.
Domin samun mafi kyawun siginar fitarwa, ana buƙatar inganta adadin zagayowar. Ana samun mafi kyawun ƙarfin fitarwa lokacin da adadin matakai biyu shine zagayowar 42 + 48, kamar yadda aka nuna a Hoto na 22a.A Siginar shigarwa ta 0.05 W an ƙara ta zuwa 314 W tare da samun riba na 38 dB. Bakan ƙarfin fitarwa da Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) ya samu yana da tsabta, yana kaiwa 220 GHz. Hoto na 22b yana nuna rarrabawar matsayin axial na makamashin lantarki a cikin SWS, tare da yawancin electrons suna rasa makamashi. Wannan sakamakon yana nuna cewa SDV-SW na iya canza kuzarin motsi na electrons zuwa siginar RF, ta haka ne ake gane haɓaka sigina.
Siginar fitarwa ta SDV-SW a 220 GHz.(a) Ƙarfin fitarwa tare da bakan da aka haɗa.(b) Rarraba makamashin electrons tare da hasken electron a ƙarshen saitin SWS.
Siffa ta 23 tana nuna bandwidth ɗin ƙarfin fitarwa da kuma ribar SDV-TWT mai walƙiya biyu. Ana iya ƙara inganta aikin fitarwa ta hanyar amfani da mita daga 200 zuwa 275 GHz da kuma inganta ƙarfin tuƙi. Wannan sakamakon ya nuna cewa bandwidth ɗin 3-dB zai iya rufe 205 zuwa 275 GHz, wanda ke nufin cewa aikin yanayi biyu zai iya faɗaɗa bandwidth ɗin aiki sosai.
Duk da haka, bisa ga Hoto na 2a, mun san cewa akwai tasha tsakanin yanayin da ba a saba gani ba da ma'ana, wanda zai iya haifar da juyawar da ba a so. Saboda haka, ana buƙatar yin nazarin daidaiton aiki a kusa da tasha. Hotuna 24a-c sune sakamakon kwaikwayo na 20 ns a 265.3 GHz, 265.35 GHz, da 265.4 GHz, bi da bi. Ana iya ganin cewa kodayake sakamakon kwaikwayo yana da wasu canje-canje, ƙarfin fitarwa yana da kwanciyar hankali. Hakanan an nuna bakan a Hoto na 24 bi da bi, bakan yana da tsabta. Waɗannan sakamakon suna nuna cewa babu juyawar kai kusa da tasha.
Ana buƙatar ƙera da aunawa don tabbatar da daidaiton dukkan HFS. A cikin wannan ɓangaren, an ƙera HFS ta amfani da fasahar sarrafa lambobi ta kwamfuta (CNC) tare da diamita na kayan aiki na 0.1 mm da daidaiton injina na 10 μm. Kayan da aka yi amfani da shi don tsarin mai yawan mita ana samar da su ta hanyar jan ƙarfe mai ƙarfi (OFHC) mara iskar oxygen. Hoto na 25a yana nuna tsarin da aka ƙera. Tsarin gaba ɗaya yana da tsawon 66.00 mm, faɗin 20.00 mm da tsayi na 8.66 mm. An rarraba ramuka takwas na fil a kusa da tsarin. Hoto na 25b yana nuna tsarin ta hanyar duba na'urar microscopy ta lantarki (SEM). Ana samar da ruwan wukake na wannan tsarin daidai gwargwado kuma suna da kyakkyawan kauri a saman. Bayan aunawa daidai, kuskuren injin gabaɗaya bai wuce 5% ba, kuma kauri a saman shine kusan 0.4 μm. Tsarin injin ya cika buƙatun ƙira da daidaito.
Siffa ta 26 tana nuna kwatancen tsakanin ainihin sakamakon gwaji da kwaikwayon aikin watsawa. Tashar jiragen ruwa ta 1 da Tashar jiragen ruwa ta 2 a Siffa ta 26a sun yi daidai da tashoshin shigarwa da fitarwa na HFS, bi da bi, kuma sun yi daidai da Tashar jiragen ruwa ta 1 da Tashar jiragen ruwa ta 4 a Siffa ta 3. Sakamakon aunawa na ainihin S11 ya ɗan fi sakamakon kwaikwayon kyau. A lokaci guda, sakamakon da aka auna na S21 ya ɗan fi muni. Dalilin na iya zama cewa ƙarfin lantarki da aka saita a cikin kwaikwayon ya yi yawa kuma rashin kyawun saman bayan injina na gaske bai yi kyau ba. Gabaɗaya, sakamakon da aka auna ya yi daidai da sakamakon kwaikwayon, kuma bandwidth ɗin watsawa ya cika buƙatun 70 GHz, wanda ke tabbatar da yuwuwar da daidaiton SDV-TWT mai yanayin biyu da aka gabatar. Saboda haka, tare da ainihin tsarin ƙera da sakamakon gwaji, ƙirar SDV-TWT mai girman-broadband da aka gabatar a cikin wannan takarda za a iya amfani da ita don ƙera da aikace-aikace na gaba.
A cikin wannan takarda, an gabatar da cikakken tsari na rarrabawa mai siffar planar 220 GHz dual-beam SDV-TWT. Haɗin aikin yanayi biyu da motsin beam biyu yana ƙara yawan bandwidth na aiki da ƙarfin fitarwa. Haka kuma ana gudanar da gwajin ƙira da sanyi don tabbatar da daidaiton dukkan HFS. Sakamakon aunawa na ainihi sun yi daidai da sakamakon kwaikwayon. Ga EOS mai siffar beam biyu, an yi amfani da sashin abin rufe fuska da na'urorin sarrafawa tare don samar da katako mai siffar fensir biyu. A ƙarƙashin filin maganadisu mai mai da hankali kan daidaito, ana iya watsa katakon lantarki cikin kwanciyar hankali a cikin dogon nisa tare da kyakkyawan siffa. A nan gaba, za a gudanar da samarwa da gwajin EOS, kuma za a gudanar da gwajin zafi na dukkan TWT. Wannan tsarin ƙira na SDV-TWT da aka gabatar a cikin wannan takarda ya haɗu da fasahar sarrafa jirgin sama mai girma na yanzu, kuma yana nuna babban iko a cikin alamun aiki da sarrafawa da haɗuwa. Saboda haka, wannan takarda ta yi imanin cewa tsarin planar zai fi zama yanayin haɓaka na'urorin lantarki na injin mara iska a cikin ƙungiyar terahertz.
An haɗa yawancin bayanai da samfuran nazari a cikin wannan binciken a cikin wannan takarda. Ana iya samun ƙarin bayanai masu dacewa daga marubucin da ya dace idan aka buƙata.
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