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Muri iyi nyandiko, umuyoboro w’amashanyarazi uhuza imiyoboro ibiri ugendana na interineti wa 220GHz warakozwe kandi wemezwa. Ubwa mbere, hatanzwe imiterere y’umuyoboro ugendana na radiyo ebyiri uhuza imiyoboro ibiri. Hakoreshejwe gahunda y’imikorere y’uburyo bubiri, imikorere y’umuyoboro n’umuyoboro bikubye kabiri hafi uy’umuyoboro umwe. Icya kabiri, kugira ngo huzuzwe ibisabwa by’ingufu nyinshi zisohoka kandi hongerwe uburyo buhamye bw’umuyoboro w’amashanyarazi ugendana, hakozwe sisitemu y’ikoranabuhanga ifite ishusho y’ikaramu ebyiri, voltage yo gutwara ni 20 ~ 21 kV, kandi umuyoboro ni 2 × 80 mA. Intego zo gushushanya. Hakoreshejwe igice cya mask na electrode igenzura mu mbunda ifite imiyoboro ibiri, imiyoboro ibiri y’ikaramu ishobora kwibanda ku gice cyayo hamwe n’igipimo cyo gukanda cya 7, intera yo kwibandaho ni hafi 0.18mm, kandi ubusugire ni bwiza. Sisitemu yo kwibandaho ya rukuruzi nayo yanogejwe. Intera yo kwitwara ihamye y’umuyoboro wa radiyo ebyiri uhuza imiyoboro ibiri ishobora kugera kuri mm 45, naho imbaraga rukuruzi zigomba kwibandaho ni 0.6 T, bihagije kugira ngo ikwirakwize sisitemu yose ifite umurongo munini (HFS). Hanyuma, kugira ngo harebwe Uburyo bwo gukoresha sisitemu ya electron-optical hamwe n'imikorere y'imiterere y'umuraba ugenda buhoro, utunyangingo twa PIC (PIC) nabyo byakozwe kuri HFS yose. Ibisubizo bigaragaza ko sisitemu y'imikoranire y'imirasire ishobora kugera ku mbaraga zo gutanga hafi 310 W kuri 220 GHz, voltage ya optimized beam ni 20.6 kV, umuvuduko w'imirasire ni 2 × 80 mA, inyungu ni 38 dB, naho bandwidth ya 3-dB irenga 35 dB hafi 70 GHz. Amaherezo, hakorwa ikorwa rya microstructure nziza cyane kugira ngo harebwe imikorere ya HFS, kandi ibisubizo bigaragaza ko imiterere ya bandwidth n'uburyo bwo kohereza bihuye neza n'ibyavuye mu ikorwa rya simulation. Kubwibyo, gahunda yatanzwe muri iyi nyandiko yitezweho guteza imbere amasoko y'imirasire ya terahertz-band ifite imbaraga nyinshi, ishobora gukoreshwa mu gihe kizaza.
Nk'igikoresho gisanzwe gikoresha amashanyarazi adafite amashanyarazi, umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi ugenda (TWT) ugira uruhare rudasimburwa mu bikorwa byinshi nko muri radar ifite ubushobozi bwo hejuru, sisitemu z'itumanaho rya satelite, no gushakisha mu kirere1,2,3. Ariko, uko frequency y'imikorere yinjira mu gice cya terahertz, TWT gakondo ifite ubujyakuzimu buvanze na TWT ya helical ntiyashoboye guhaza ibyifuzo by'abantu bitewe n'ingufu nke zisohoka, bandwidth nto, n'uburyo bugoranye bwo gukora. Kubwibyo, uburyo bwo kunoza imikorere y'igice cya THz byabaye ikibazo gihangayikishije cyane ibigo byinshi by'ubushakashatsi bya siyansi. Mu myaka ya vuba aha, imiterere mishya y'umuraba ugenda buhoro (SWSs), nk'imiterere ya staggered dual-blade (SDV) n'imiterere ya folded waveguide (FW), yibanzweho cyane bitewe n'imiterere yayo karemano, cyane cyane SDV-SWS nshya zifite ubushobozi butanga icyizere. Iyi miterere yatanzwe na UC-Davis mu 20084. Imiterere ya planar ishobora gukorwa byoroshye hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gutunganya micro-nano nka mudasobwa igenzura imibare (CNC) na UV-LIGA, imiterere ya paki y'icyuma cyose ishobora gutanga ubushobozi bunini bw'ubushyuhe hamwe n'ingufu nyinshi zisohoka. no kwiyongera, kandi imiterere isa n'iy'umuraba ishobora no gutanga umurambararo wagutse wo gukora. Ubu, UC Davis yagaragaje bwa mbere mu 2017 ko SDV-TWT ishobora gutanga umusaruro w'ingufu nyinshi urenze 100 W n'ibimenyetso bya bandwidth hafi 14 GHz muri G-band5. Ariko, ibi bisubizo biracyafite icyuho kidashobora kuzuza ibisabwa by'ingufu nyinshi n'umurambararo wagutse muri terahertz band. Kuri G-band SDV-TWT ya UC-Davis, hakoreshejwe imirasire ya electron. Nubwo iyi gahunda ishobora kunoza cyane ubushobozi bw'umurambararo bwo gutwara umuriro, biragoye kugumana intera ndende yo kohereza bitewe n'uko sisitemu ya electron optique ya sheet beam (EOS) idakora neza, kandi hari umuyoboro wa over-mode beam, ushobora no gutuma umurambararo wigenga. – Gushyuha no kuzunguruka 6,7. Kugira ngo huzuzwe ibisabwa by'ingufu nyinshi zisohoka, umurambararo wagutse n'ubudahangarwa bwiza bwa THz TWT, muri iyi nyandiko haratangwa SDV-SWS ifite imirasire ibiri ifite uburyo bubiri bwo gukora. Ni ukuvuga ko, kugira ngo hongerwe umurambararo w'imikorere, hatangwa kandi hashyirwa muri iyi miterere. Kandi, kugira ngo hongerwe imbaraga zisohoka, hakoreshwa kandi uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza imirasire ibiri. Radiyo imwe y'imirasire ni ntoya bitewe n'ingano ihagaze. Niba ubucucike bw'umurambararo ari bwinshi cyane, umurambararo ugomba kugabanuka, bigatuma habaho imbaraga nke zisohoka. Kugira ngo hongerwe umurambararo, havutse EOS ifite imirasire myinshi isohoka, ikoresha ingano ya SWS ku ruhande. Bitewe n'uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza imirasire yigenga, imirasire myinshi isohoka ishobora kugera ku mbaraga nyinshi zisohoka binyuze mu kugumana umurambararo munini n'umurambararo muto kuri buri murambararo, bishobora kwirinda ko imirasire isohoka cyane ugereranije n'ibikoresho by'imirasire. Kubwibyo, ni byiza kubungabunga ubudahangarwa bw'umuyoboro w'amazi ugenda. Dushingiye ku kazi kabanje8,9, Iyi nyandiko itanga igitekerezo cy’imbaraga za rukuruzi za G-band zijyanye n’umuraba wa EOS w’ikaramu ebyiri, zishobora kunoza cyane intera ihamye y’umuraba no kongera agace k’imikoranire y’umuraba, bityo bikanongera cyane imbaraga z’umusaruro.
Imiterere y'iyi nyandiko ni iyi ikurikira. Ubwa mbere, imiterere y'uturemangingo twa SWS hamwe n'ibipimo, isesengura ry'imiterere y'ibitaramo n'ibisubizo byo kwigaragaza inshuro nyinshi birasobanurwa. Hanyuma, hakurikijwe imiterere y'uturemangingo, muri iyi nyandiko hakozwe EOS y'ikaramu ebyiri n'uburyo bwo gukorana n'uturemangingo. Ibisubizo byo kwigaragaza kw'uturemangingo mu ngirabuzimafatizo nabyo biragaragazwa kugira ngo harebwe niba EOS ikoreshwa neza n'imikorere ya SDV-TWT. Byongeye kandi, iyi nyandiko igaragaza muri make ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi n'ibisubizo bikonje kugira ngo harebwe niba HFS yose ari ukuri. Hanyuma kora incamake.
Kimwe mu bice by'ingenzi bya TWT, imiterere yo gutatanya y'imiterere y'umuraba ugenda buhoro igaragaza niba umuvuduko wa electron uhuye n'umuvuduko wa phase wa SWS, bityo bikagira ingaruka zikomeye ku mikoranire y'umuraba n'umuraba. Kugira ngo TWT yose irusheho gukora neza, hakozwe imiterere myiza y'imikoranire. Imiterere y'akagari k'igice igaragara ku Ishusho ya 1. Ukurikije kudahindagurika kw'umuraba w'urupapuro n'ubushobozi buke bw'umuraba w'ikaramu imwe, imiterere ikoresha umuraba w'ikaramu ebyiri kugira ngo yongere imbaraga zo gusohora no kudahungabana kw'imikorere. Hagati aho, kugira ngo hongerwe umurambararo w'imikorere, hatanzwe uburyo bubiri bwo gukora bwa SWS. Bitewe n'uburinganire bw'imiterere ya SDV, igisubizo cy'ikigereranyo cy'umuraba wa electromagnetic field gishobora kugabanywamo uburyo budasanzwe n'ubugari. Muri icyo gihe, uburyo budasanzwe bw'ibanze bw'umuraba ugenda hasi n'uburyo bungana bw'umuraba w'umuraba mwinshi bikoreshwa kugira ngo harebwe uburyo bwo guhuza umuraba mu buryo bwa internet, bityo birusheho kunoza umurambararo w'imikorere.
Dukurikije ibisabwa ku ngufu, umuyoboro wose wakozwe ufite voltage itwara ya kV 20 n'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi wa 2 × 80 mA. Kugira ngo duhuze voltage neza uko bishoboka kose n'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi wa SDV-SWS, tugomba kubara uburebure bw'igihe p. Isano iri hagati y'amashanyarazi n'igihe igaragazwa mu kigereranyo (1)10:
Mu gushyiraho ihinduka ry’impinduka kuri 2.5π ku muvuduko wo hagati wa 220 GHz, igihe p gishobora kubarwa kuri 0.46 mm. Ishusho ya 2a yerekana imiterere y’ikwirakwizwa ry’akagari ka SWS. Umuvuduko wa 20 kV uhuye neza n’umuvuduko wa bimodal. Imirongo ihuza frequency ishobora kugera kuri 70 GHz muri 210–265.3 GHz (uburyo budasanzwe) na 265.4–280 GHz (uburyo bungana). Ishusho ya 2b yerekana impedance mpuzandengo yo guhuza, irenga 0.6 Ω kuva kuri 210 kugeza kuri 290 GHz, bigaragaza ko imikoranire ikomeye ishobora kubaho muri bandwidth y’imikorere.
(a) Ibiranga gutatana kwa SDV-SWS ifite uburyo bubiri bwo gupima electron ya 20 kV. (b) Impedance y'imikoranire y'urusobe rw'amazi rwa SDV rugenda buhoro.
Ariko, ni ngombwa kumenya ko hari icyuho cy’umugozi hagati y’uburyo budasanzwe n’ubungana, kandi akenshi tuyita icyuho cy’umugozi nk’umugozi wo guhagarara, nk’uko bigaragara ku Ishusho ya 2a. Iyo TWT ikorera hafi y’uyu mugozi, imbaraga zikomeye zo guhuza imirasire zishobora kubaho, ibyo bikazatuma habaho kwivumbagatanya kutari ngombwa. Mu bikorwa bifatika, muri rusange twirinda gukoresha TWT hafi y’umugozi wo guhagarara. Ariko, biragaragara ko icyuho cy’umugozi w’uyu mugozi ugenda buhoro ari 0.1 GHz gusa. Biragoye kumenya niba iki cyuho gito cy’umugozi gitera kwivumbagatanya. Kubwibyo, guhagarara kw’imikorere hafi y’umugozi wo guhagarara bizasuzumwa mu gice gikurikira cya PIC simulation kugira ngo hasesengurwe niba kwivumbagatanya kutari ngombwa bishobora kubaho.
Icyitegererezo cya HFS yose kigaragara ku Ishusho ya 3. Igizwe n'ibyiciro bibiri bya SDV-SWS, bihujwe na Bragg reflectors. Akazi k'ikirahuri ni uguca uburyo bwo kohereza ikimenyetso hagati y'ibyiciro bibiri, guhagarika ubwihindurize no kugaragara kw'uburyo budakora nk'uburyo bwo hejuru bukorwa hagati y'amasasu yo hejuru n'ayo hasi, bityo bikanoza cyane uburyo bwose buhamye. Kugira ngo umuntu ahuze n'ibidukikije byo hanze, hakoreshwa kandi ikirahuri gifata umurongo ugororotse kugira ngo gihuze SWS na WR-4 standard waveguide. Igipimo cyo kohereza cy'imiterere y'ibice bibiri gipimwa n'igikoresho gikemura igihe muri porogaramu ya simulation ya 3D. Ukurikije ingaruka nyazo z'umugozi wa terahertz ku bikoresho, ibikoresho byo mu gipfunyika cy'ingufu bishyirwa ku muringa, kandi ubwikorezi bugabanuka bukagera kuri 2.25×107 S/m12.
Ishusho ya 4 igaragaza ibisubizo byo kohereza HFS hamwe n'abatayifite umurongo ugororotse. Ibisubizo bigaragaza ko kohereza ntacyo bitwaye ku mikorere ya kohereza HFS yose. Igihombo cyo kugaruka (S11 < − 10 dB) n'igihombo cyo kwinjizwa (S21 > − 5 dB) bya sisitemu yose muri interineti ya 207 ~ 280 GHz bigaragaza ko HFS ifite imiterere myiza yo kohereza.
Kubera ko imbunda ya elegitoroniki itanga ingufu zihagije, imbunda ya elegitoroniki igena neza niba igikoresho gishobora gutanga ingufu zihagije. Hamwe n'isesengura rya HFS mu Gice cya II, hagomba gutegurwa EOS ifite imirasire ibiri kugira ngo itange ingufu zihagije. Muri iki gice, hashingiwe ku mirimo yakozwe mbere muri W-band8,9, imbunda ya elegitoroniki ifite ikaramu ebyiri ikoreshwa hakoreshejwe igice cya maske na electrodes zo kugenzura. Ubwa mbere, hakurikijwe ibisabwa mu gishushanyo cya SWS mu Gice. Nkuko bigaragara ku Ishusho. 2, voltage Ua y'imirasire ya electron ishyirwa ku gipimo cya 20 kV, imirasire ya I y'imirasire ibiri ya electron yombi ni 80 mA, kandi umurambararo w'umurasire dw w'imirasire ya electron ni 0.13 mm. Muri icyo gihe, kugira ngo harebwe ko ubucucike bw'umurasire wa electron na cathode bushobora kugerwaho, igipimo cyo gukandana cy'umurasire wa electron gishyirwa kuri 7, bityo ubucucike bw'umurasire wa electron ni 603 A/cm2, naho ubucucike bw'umurasire wa cathode ni 86 A/cm2, ibi bishobora kugerwaho hakoreshejwe ibikoresho bishya bya cathode. Dukurikije inyigisho y'igishushanyo mbonera 14, 15, 16, 17, imbunda isanzwe ya Pierce electron ishobora kumenyekana ku buryo bwihariye.
Ishusho ya 5 igaragaza ibishushanyo mbonera by'imbunda bitambitse n'ibihagaze. Bigaragara ko imiterere y'imbunda ya electron mu cyerekezo cya x isa neza n'iy'imbunda isanzwe isa n'urupapuro, mu gihe mu cyerekezo cya y imirasire ibiri ya electron itandukanyijwe igice n'agapfukamunwa. Aho cathode ebyiri ziherereye ni x = – 0.155 mm, y = 0 mm na x = 0.155 mm, y = 0 mm, uko bikurikirana. Dukurikije ibisabwa mu gishushanyo cy'igipimo cyo gukanda n'ingano ya elektroni, ingano z'ubuso bwa cathode ebyiri zigenwa ko ari 0.91 mm × 0.13 mm.
Kugira ngo amashanyarazi yibanzweho yakiriwe na buri murabyo wa electron mu cyerekezo cya x ukurikije hagati yayo, iyi nyandiko ishyira electrode igenzura ku mbunda ya electron. Mu gushyira voltage ya electrode igenzura hamwe na electrode igenzura kuri −20 kV, na voltage ya anode kuri 0 V, dushobora kubona uburyo imbunda ifite imirasire ibiri ikwirakwira, nk'uko bigaragara ku Ishusho ya 6. Bigaragara ko electron zisohoka zifite ubushobozi bwo gukanda neza mu cyerekezo cya y, kandi buri murabyo wa electron uhurira yerekeza ku cyerekezo cya x unyuze hagati yawo, bigaragaza ko electrode igenzura iringaniza ingufu z'amashanyarazi zitangana zikomoka kuri electrode igenzura.
Ishusho ya 7 igaragaza ibahasha y'umuraba mu cyerekezo cya x na y. Ibisubizo bigaragaza ko intera y'icyerekezo cy'umuraba wa electron mu cyerekezo cya x itandukanye n'iyo mu cyerekezo cya y. Intera yo guterera mu cyerekezo cya x ni nka 4mm, naho intera yo guterera mu cyerekezo cya y iri hafi ya 7mm. Kubwibyo, intera nyayo yo guterera igomba guhitamo hagati ya 4 na 7 mm. Ishusho ya 8 igaragaza igice cy'umuraba wa electron kuri 4.6 mm uvuye ku buso bwa cathode. Turabona ko imiterere y'igice cy'umuraba yegereye cyane umuraba wa electron usanzwe. Intera iri hagati y'imiraba ibiri ya electron iri hafi ya 0.31 mm yagenwe, naho radius ikaba hafi 0.13 mm, ihuye n'ibisabwa mu gishushanyo. Ishusho ya 9 igaragaza ibisubizo bya simulation by'umuraba wa beam. Bigaragara ko imiraba ibiri ya beam ari 76mA, ihuye neza na 80mA yagenwe.
Ukurikije ihindagurika ry’umuvuduko w’amashanyarazi mu bikorwa bifatika, ni ngombwa kwiga uburyo ingufu z’amashanyarazi zikoreshwa muri ubu buryo. Mu gipimo cy’umuvuduko wa 19.8 ~ 20.6 kV, haboneka ibahasha y’amashanyarazi n’iy’amashanyarazi, nk’uko bigaragara ku Ishusho ya 1 n’Ishusho ya 1.10 na 11. Ukurikije ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi, bigaragara ko impinduka z’umuvuduko w’amashanyarazi nta ngaruka zigira ku ibahasha y’amashanyarazi, kandi umuvuduko w’amashanyarazi uhinduka gusa kuva kuri 0.74 kugeza kuri 0.78 A. Kubwibyo, bishobora gufatwa ko imbunda ya electron yashushanyijwe muri iyi nyandiko ifite ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira ingufu z’amashanyarazi.
Ingaruka z'ihindagurika ry'amashanyarazi ku bipfunyika by'urumuri rw'icyerekezo cya x na y.
Umurima uhuza imbaraga za rukuruzi ni sisitemu isanzwe ihuza imbaraga za rukuruzi. Bitewe n'uko ingufu za rukuruzi zikwirakwira mu muyoboro w'imirasire, birakwiriye cyane imirasire ya elegitoroni ingana. Muri iki gice, sisitemu ihuza imbaraga za rukuruzi ingana kugira ngo ikomeze kohereza imirasire y'ikaramu ebyiri mu ntera ndende. Mu gusesengura ingufu za rukuruzi zakozwe n'ibahasha y'imirasire, hatangwa gahunda y'igishushanyo mbonera cy'iyi sisitemu, kandi ikibazo cy'ubuhanga kirigwa. Dukurikije inyigisho yo kohereza imirasire y'ikaramu imwe 18,19, agaciro k'umurima wa rukuruzi wa Brillouin gashobora kubarwa hakoreshejwe ikigereranyo (2). Muri iyi nyandiko, tunakoresha ubu buryo bwo gupima imbaraga za rukuruzi z'umurima wa karamu ebyiri ugabanyijwe impande. Hamwe n'imbunda ya elegitoroni yakozwe muri iyi nyandiko, agaciro k'umurima wa rukuruzi kabazwe kangana na 4000 Gs. Dukurikije Ref. 20, inshuro 1.5-2 agaciro kabazwe gakunze gutoranywa mu bishushanyo mbonera.
Ishusho ya 12 igaragaza imiterere ya sisitemu y’umurima w’ingufu za rukuruzi ingana. Igice cy’ubururu ni rukuruzi ihoraho ifite magneti mu cyerekezo cy’umurongo. Guhitamo ibikoresho ni NdFeB cyangwa FeCoNi. Ishingiro rya Br muri moderi yo kwigana ni 1.3 T naho ubushobozi bwo kwinjira ni 1.05. Kugira ngo habeho kohereza neza umurambararo mu gice cyose, uburebure bwa rukuruzi bushyirwa kuri mm 70. Byongeye kandi, ingano ya rukuruzi mu cyerekezo cya x igena niba imbaraga za rukuruzi zinyura mu muyoboro w’imirasire ari zimwe, bisaba ko ingano mu cyerekezo cya x idashobora kuba nto cyane. Muri icyo gihe, ukurikije igiciro n’uburemere bw’umuyoboro wose, ingano ya rukuruzi ntigomba kuba nini cyane. Kubwibyo, rukuruzi zishyirwa ku ntangiriro kuri mm 150 × mm 150 × mm 70. Hagati aho, kugira ngo harebwe ko uruziga rwose rw’imirasire rugenda buhoro rushobora gushyirwa muri sisitemu yo kwibandaho, intera iri hagati ya rukuruzi ishyirwa kuri mm 20.
Mu 2015, Purna Chandra Panda21 yatanze igitekerezo cy'igice cy'inkingi gifite umwobo mushya w'intambwe muri sisitemu imwe yo kwibanda ku bushobozi bwa rukuruzi, bishobora kugabanya cyane ingano y'amazi asohoka kuri cathode no ku butaka bw'ingufu za rukuruzi zikorerwa ku mwobo w'igice cy'inkingi. Muri iyi nyandiko, twongeyeho imiterere y'intambwe ku gice cy'inkingi cya sisitemu yo kwibandaho. Ubunini bw'igice cy'inkingi bushyirwa ku ntangiriro kuri mm 1.5, uburebure n'ubugari bw'intambwe eshatu ni mm 0.5, kandi intera iri hagati y'imyobo y'igice cy'inkingi ni mm 2, nk'uko bigaragara ku Ishusho ya 13.
Ishusho ya 14a yerekana ikwirakwizwa ry’umurima wa rukuruzi ku mirongo yo hagati y’imirasire ibiri ya electron. Bigaragara ko imbaraga za rukuruzi ku mirasire ibiri ya electron zingana. Agaciro ka rukuruzi ni hafi 6000 Gs, bingana inshuro 1.5 z’umurima wa Brillouin wo mu rwego rwo kongera ubushobozi bwo kohereza no kwibanda. Muri icyo gihe, imbaraga za rukuruzi kuri cathode ni hafi 0, bigaragaza ko igice cy’inkingi gifite ingaruka nziza mu gukumira gusohoka kwa rukuruzi. Ishusho ya 14b yerekana ikwirakwizwa ry’umurima wa rukuruzi unyuze mu cyerekezo cya z ku nkengero zo hejuru z’imirasire ibiri ya electron. Bigaragara ko imbaraga za rukuruzi zinyuze mu nzira ziri munsi ya 200 Gs gusa ku mwobo w’igice cy’inkingi, mu gihe mu muyoboro w’umuraba ugenda buhoro, imbaraga za rukuruzi zinyuze mu nzira ziri hafi zeru, bigaragaza ko ingaruka z’umurima wa rukuruzi unyuze mu nzira ku murasire wa electron ari nke cyane. Kugira ngo hirindwe ko ibice by’inkingi bya rukuruzi bingana, ni ngombwa kwiga imbaraga za rukuruzi mu bice by’inkingi. Ishusho ya 14c igaragaza agaciro ka burundu k’umurima wa rukuruzi mu gice cy’inkingi. Bigaragara ko agaciro ka imbaraga za rukuruzi ziri munsi ya 1.2T, bigaragaza ko ingufu za rukuruzi z'igice cy'inkingi zitazabaho.
Ikwirakwizwa ry'imbaraga za rukuruzi kuri Br = 1.3 T.(a) Ikwirakwizwa ry'umurima w'axial.(b) Ikwirakwizwa ry'umurima w'inyuma By mu cyerekezo cya z.(c) Agaciro ntarengwa k'ikwirakwizwa ry'umurima mu gice cy'inkingi.
Hashingiwe kuri module ya CST PS, aho imbunda ifite imirasire ibiri iherereye hamwe na sisitemu yo kwibandaho biratunganywa neza. Dukurikije Ref. 9 na simulations, ahantu heza ni aho igice cya anode gihurira n'igice cy'inkingi kure ya rukuruzi. Ariko, byagaragaye ko niba gusubira inyuma kwashyizwe kuri 1.3T, kohereza kwa electron beam ntabwo byashoboraga kugera kuri 99%. Mu kongera gusubira inyuma kugeza kuri 1.4 T, imbaraga rukuruzi zo kwibandaho zizongerwa kugeza kuri 6500 Gs. Imirongo y'imirasire ku miyoboro ya xoz na yoz igaragara ku Ishusho ya 15. Bigaragara ko imirasire ifite kohereza neza, ihindagurika rito, n'intera yo kohereza irenga 45mm.
Inzira z'imiringoti ibiri y'ikaramu munsi ya sisitemu ya rukuruzi ihuye ifite Br = 1.4 T. (a) indege ya xoz. (b) indege ya yoz.
Ishusho ya 16 igaragaza igice cy’umuraba kiri ahantu hatandukanye kure ya cathode. Bigaragara ko imiterere y’igice cy’umuraba muri sisitemu yo kwibandaho ibungabunzwe neza, kandi umurambararo w’igice ntuhinduka cyane. Ishusho ya 17 igaragaza amabahasha y’umuraba mu byerekezo bya x na y, uko bikurikirana. Bigaragara ko ihindagurika ry’umuraba mu byerekezo byombi ari rito cyane. Ishusho ya 18 igaragaza ibisubizo byo kwigana umuraba. Ibisubizo bigaragaza ko umuraba uri hafi 2 × 80 mA, bihuye n’agaciro kabazwe mu gishushanyo cy’imbunda ya electron.
Igice cy'umuraba wa elektroni (gifite sisitemu yo gucengera) mu myanya itandukanye kure ya cathode.
Urebye ibibazo bitandukanye nko gukurura amakosa mu guteranya, ihindagurika ry’amashanyarazi, n’impinduka mu mbaraga za rukuruzi mu mikorere ifatika yo gutunganya, ni ngombwa gusesengura uburyo sisitemu yo kwibandaho ikora. Kubera ko hari icyuho kiri hagati y’igice cya anode n’igice cya pole mu gutunganya nyacyo, iki cyuho kigomba gushyirwa muri simulation. Agaciro k’icyuho kashyizwe kuri 0.2 mm kandi Ishusho ya 19a igaragaza ibahasha y’umurabyo n’umurabyo w’umurabyo mu cyerekezo cya y. Iki gisubizo kigaragaza ko impinduka mu ibahasha y’umurabyo atari nini kandi umurabyo w’umurabyo ntuhinduka na gato. Kubwibyo, sisitemu ntabwo yumva amakosa yo guteranya. Ku ihindagurika ry’umurabyo utwara, intera y’amakosa ishyirwa kuri ± 0.5 kV. Ishusho ya 19b yerekana ibisubizo byo kugereranya. Bigaragara ko impinduka za voltage zigira ingaruka nke ku ibahasha y’umurabyo. Intera y’amakosa ishyirwa kuva kuri -0.02 kugeza kuri +0.03 T ku mpinduka mu mbaraga za rukuruzi. Ibisubizo byo kugereranya bigaragara mu Ishusho ya 20. Bigaragara ko ibahasha y’umurabyo idahinduka na gato, bivuze ko EOS yose idahinduka mu mbaraga za rukuruzi.
Ibahasha y'umuraba n'ibisubizo by'amashanyarazi munsi ya sisitemu imwe yo kwibanda ku bushobozi bwa rukuruzi. (a) Ubushobozi bwo guteranya ni 0.2 mm. (b) Ihindagurika ry'imbaraga zitwara ni ± 0.5 kV.
Ibahasha y'umuraba munsi ya sisitemu imwe yo kwibanda ku bushobozi bwa rukuruzi ifite ihindagurika ry'imbaraga za rukuruzi kuva kuri 0.63 kugeza kuri 0.68 T.
Kugira ngo sisitemu yo kwibanda yakozwe muri iyi nyandiko ihuze na HFS, ni ngombwa guhuza sisitemu yo kwibanda na HFS kugira ngo hakoreshwe ubushakashatsi. Ishusho ya 21 igaragaza igereranya ry'amabahasha y'imirasire arimo n'atarimo HFS. Ibisubizo bigaragaza ko ibahasha y'imirasire idahinduka cyane iyo HFS yose ishyizwemo. Kubwibyo, sisitemu yo kwibanda ikwiriye umuyoboro w'amazi ugenda ugana kuri HFS nk'uko byavuzwe haruguru.
Kugira ngo harebwe niba EOS yatanzwe mu Gice cya III ari ukuri no gusuzuma imikorere ya SDV-TWT ya 220 GHz, hakorwa isuzuma rya 3D-PIC ry’imikoranire y’imirasire n’umuraba. Bitewe n’imbogamizi za porogaramu zo gusimbuza, ntitwashoboye kongeramo EOS yose kuri HFS. Kubwibyo, imbunda ya electron yasimbuwe n’ubuso bungana n’ubuso butanga umusaruro bufite umurambararo wa 0.13mm n’intera iri hagati y’ubuso bubiri bwa 0.31mm, ibipimo bimwe n’imbunda ya electron yakozwe haruguru. Bitewe n’ubudahangarwa n’ubudahangarwa bwiza bwa EOS, voltage yo gutwara ishobora kunozwa neza kugira ngo haboneke imbaraga nziza zo gutanga umusaruro muri PIC simulation. Ibisubizo bya simulation bigaragaza ko imbaraga zuzuye zo gutanga umusaruro n’inyungu zishobora kuboneka kuri voltage yo gutwara ya 20.6 kV, umuyoboro w’amashanyarazi wa 2 × 80 mA (603 A/cm2), n’imbaraga zo kwinjira za 0.05 W.
Kugira ngo haboneke ikimenyetso cyiza cyo gusohora, umubare w'izunguruka nawo ugomba kunozwa. Ingufu nziza zo gusohora ziboneka iyo umubare w'ibyiciro bibiri ari 42 + 48 cycles, nk'uko bigaragara ku Ishusho ya 22a. Ikimenyetso cy'injira cya 0.05 W cyongerewe kuri 314 W hamwe n'inyongera ya 38 dB. Ingufu zo gusohora ziboneka na Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) ni nziza, igera ku gipimo cya 220 GHz. Ishusho ya 22b yerekana aho ingufu za electron zikwirakwizwa muri SWS, aho electron nyinshi zitakaza ingufu. Ibi bisubizo bigaragaza ko SDV-SWS ishobora guhindura ingufu za kinetic za electron mo ibimenyetso bya RF, bityo bigatuma ikimenyetso cyo gusohora kizamuka.
Ikimenyetso cyo gusohora cya SDV-SWS kuri 220 GHz. (a) Ingufu zo gusohora zifite spectrum irimo. (b) Ikwirakwizwa ry'ingufu za electron hamwe n'umuraba wa electron ku mpera y'igice cya SWS.
Ishusho ya 23 igaragaza uburyo ingufu zisohoka n’inyungu ya SDV-TWT ifite uburyo bubiri bwo gukora. Imikorere y’umusaruro ishobora kunozwa kurushaho hakoreshejwe umurongo uva kuri 200 kugeza kuri 275 GHz no kunoza voltage ya drive. Ibi bisubizo bigaragaza ko uburyo bubiri bwo gukora bushobora kwagura cyane uburyo bukoreshwa.
Ariko, nk'uko bigaragara ku Ishusho ya 2a, tuzi ko hari umurongo uhagarara hagati y'uburyo budasanzwe n'ubungana, bishobora gutera kuzunguruka kutari ngombwa. Kubwibyo, guhagarara neza kw'akazi hafi y'aho guhagarara bigomba kwigwa. Imibare ya 24a-c ni ibisubizo bya simulation ya 20 ns kuri 265.3 GHz, 265.35 GHz, na 265.4 GHz, uko bikurikirana. Bigaragara ko nubwo ibisubizo bya simulation bifite impinduka zimwe na zimwe, imbaraga zo gutanga zihamye. Umuvuduko ugaragara kandi ku Ishusho ya 24, umurongo ni mwiza. Ibi bisubizo bigaragaza ko nta kwizunguruka kugaragara hafi y'umurongo uhagarara.
Gutunganya no gupima ni ngombwa kugira ngo harebwe niba HFS yose ari yo ikora neza. Muri iki gice, HFS ikorwa hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga rya mudasobwa rigenzura imibare (CNC) rifite umurambararo wa mm 0.1 n'uburyo bwo gukora neza bwa μm 10. Ibikoresho by'imiterere ifite frequency nyinshi bitangwa n'umuringa udafite ogisijeni (OFHC). Ishusho ya 25a igaragaza imiterere yakozwe. Imiterere yose ifite uburebure bwa mm 66.00, ubugari bwa mm 20.00 n'uburebure bwa mm 8.66. Utwobo umunani tw'amapine dukwirakwijwe hirya no hino ku miterere. Ishusho ya 25b yerekana imiterere hakoreshejwe mikorosikope ya elegitoroniki (SEM). Ibyuma by'iyi miterere bikozwe kimwe kandi bifite ubukana bwiza bwo hejuru. Nyuma yo gupima neza, ikosa rusange ryo gukora ni munsi ya 5%, kandi ubukana bw'ubuso ni hafi 0.4μm. Imiterere y'imashini ihuye n'ibisabwa mu miterere no mu buryo bunoze.
Ishusho ya 26 igaragaza igereranya hagati y’ibyavuye mu isuzuma nyaryo n’imikorere yo gukwirakwiza. Icyambu cya 1 na Icyambu cya 2 mu Ishusho ya 26a bihuye n’ibyambu byinjiye n’ibisohoka bya HFS, uko bikurikirana, kandi bingana na Icyambu cya 1 na Icyambu cya 4 mu Ishusho ya 3. Ibisubizo nyabyo byo gupima bya S11 ni byiza gato kuruta ibyavuye mu gukwirakwiza. Muri icyo gihe, ibisubizo byapimwe bya S21 ni bibi gato. Impamvu ishobora kuba ari uko amashanyarazi ashyirwa muri simulation ari menshi cyane kandi ubushyuhe bw’ubuso nyuma yo gukora ikoranabuhanga ari bubi. Muri rusange, ibisubizo byapimwe bihuye neza n’ibyavuye mu gukwirakwiza, kandi uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza buhuye n’ibisabwa kuri 70 GHz, ibi bikaba byemeza ko SDV-TWT yatanzwe ishoboka kandi ko ari yo. Kubwibyo, hamwe n’uburyo bwo gukora n’ibisubizo by’ibizamini, igishushanyo cya SDV-TWT cya ultra-broadband cyatanzwe muri iyi nyandiko gishobora gukoreshwa mu gukora no gukoresha ibikurikira.
Muri iyi nyandiko, hagaragajwe igishushanyo kirambuye cy’umuyoboro wa SDV-TWT ukwirakwiza 220 GHz ufite imirasire ibiri. Guhuza uburyo bwo gukora ibintu bibiri n’umuyoboro ibiri byongera imbaraga z’umurambararo w’imikorere n’umuyoboro. Ikizamini cyo gukora no gukonje nacyo kirakorwa kugira ngo harebwe niba HFS yose ari ukuri. Ibisubizo nyabyo byo gupima bihuye neza n’ibyavuye mu gupima. Kuri EOS ifite imirasire ibiri, igice cya mask na electrode zo kugenzura byakoreshejwe hamwe kugira ngo hakorwe umuyoboro wa karamu ebyiri. Munsi y’umuyoboro wa rukuruzi uhuriweho, umuyoboro wa electron ushobora koherezwa mu ntera ndende ufite imiterere myiza. Mu gihe kizaza, hazakorwa ikorwa n’igeragezwa rya EOS, kandi ikizamini cy’ubushyuhe cya TWT yose nacyo kizakorwa. Iyi gahunda y’igishushanyo cya SDV-TWT ivugwa muri iyi nyandiko ihuza neza ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ryo gutunganya indege, kandi igaragaza ubushobozi bukomeye mu bipimo by’imikorere no gutunganya no guteranya. Kubwibyo, iyi nyandiko yizera ko imiterere ya planar ishobora kuba icyerekezo cy’iterambere ry’ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga bidafite umwuka mu muyoboro wa terahertz.
Amakuru menshi n'uburyo bwo gusesengura muri ubu bushakashatsi byashyizwe muri iyi nyandiko. Andi makuru akenewe ashobora kuboneka ku mwanditsi ubisabye mu buryo bwumvikana.
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