Mahalo iā ʻoe no kou kipa ʻana iā Nature.com. ʻO ka polokalamu kele pūnaewele āu e hoʻohana nei he kākoʻo liʻiliʻi no CSS. No ka ʻike maikaʻi loa, paipai mākou iā ʻoe e hoʻohana i kahi polokalamu kele hou (a i ʻole e hoʻopau i ke ʻano hoʻohālikelike ma Internet Explorer).
I loko o kēia pepa, ua hoʻolālā ʻia a hōʻoia ʻia kahi paipu nalu huakaʻi 220GHz broadband high-mana interleaved double-blade traveling wave tube. Ua hoʻolālā ʻia ka ʻōnaehana uila uila penikala, ʻo 20 ~ 21 kV ka uila hoʻokele, a ʻo ka 2 × 80 mA.Design pahuhopu. Hiki ke hiki i ka 45 mm ka mamao hoʻouna paʻa o ka planar double electron beam, a he 0.6 T ka mākaʻikaʻi mākaʻikaʻi, i lawa ia e uhi i ka ʻōnaehana alapine kiʻekiʻe holoʻokoʻa (HFS). ʻO 310 W ma 220 GHz, ʻo 20.6 kV ka volta beam i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, ʻo 2 × 80 mA ka beam, ʻo 38 dB ka loaʻa, a ʻoi aku ka bandwidth 3-dB ma mua o 35 dB e pili ana i 70 GHz. ʻO ka hope, hana ʻia ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka microstructure fabrication e hōʻoia i ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka ʻaelike a me ka hopena o ka HFS. Nā hualoaʻa. No laila, ua manaʻo ʻia ka manaʻo i manaʻo ʻia ma kēia pepa e hoʻomohala i nā kumu hoʻoheheʻe ikaika kiʻekiʻe, ultra-broadband terahertz-band me ka hiki no nā noi e hiki mai ana.
Ma keʻano he mea uila uila maʻamau, ʻo ka hele ʻana o ka hawewe nalu (TWT) pāʻani i kahi hana i hiki ʻole ke hoʻololi ʻia i nā noi he nui e like me ka radar kiʻekiʻe, nā ʻōnaehana kamaʻilio ukali, a me ka ʻimi ʻana i ka lewa1,2,3. Akā naʻe, i ke komo ʻana o ke alapine hana i ka terahertz band, ua hiki ʻole i ka TWT hui pū ʻia a me ka helical TWT ke hoʻokō i nā kaʻina hana haʻahaʻa, hana paʻakikī. pehea e hoʻomaikaʻi piha ai i ka hana o ka pūʻali THz ua lilo i mea hopohopo nui no ka nui o nā keʻena noiʻi ʻepekema. I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua loaʻa ka nānā nui ʻana ma muli o ko lākou mau kūkulu planar kūlohelohe, ʻoi aku ka manaʻo o ka moʻolelo SDV-SWS. 20084. Hiki ke hana ma'alahi ka papahana planar e ka micro-nano processing techniques e like me ka computer numerical control (CNC) a me UV-LIGA, hiki i ka hale metala a pau ke hā'awi i ka mana wela nui me ka mana puka ki'eki'e a me ka loa'a, a hiki i ka hawewe-like structure ke ho'olako i ka bandwidth hana nui aku. W a kokoke i 14 GHz bandwidth hōʻailona ma ka G-band5. Akā naʻe, he mau hakahaka kēia mau hopena i hiki ʻole ke hoʻokō i nā koi e pili ana i ka mana kiʻekiʻe a me ka bandwidth ākea i ka band terahertz. ʻōnaehana ʻōpika (EOS), a aia kahi pūnana kaola over-mode, i hiki ai ke hoʻoponopono pono i ke kukui. - Hoʻoulu a me ka oscillation 6,7. I mea e hoʻokō ai i nā koi o ka mana kiʻekiʻe, ka bandwidth ākea a me ke kūpaʻa maikaʻi o THz TWT, ua manaʻo ʻia kahi dual-beam SDV-SWS me ka hana ʻelua-mode i kēia pepa. Ua liʻiliʻi nā lekiō kaola penikala ma muli o nā kaohi ʻana o ka nui. no kēlā me kēia lāʻau, hiki ke pale i ka overmode beam tunneling i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā ʻaoʻao sheet-beam.
ʻO ke ʻano o kēia pepa penei. pololei o ka HFS holoʻokoʻa.Finally hana i ka hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo.
Ma keʻano he mea nui loa o ka TWT, hōʻike nā mea hoʻopuehu o ka hawewe lohi e like me ka wikiwiki o ka electron me ka wikiwiki o ka māhele o ka SWS, a no laila he hopena nui i ka launa pū ʻana o ka beam-wave. beam, hoʻohana ka hale i kahi kuʻi peni pālua e hoʻomaikaʻi hou i ka mana puka a me ka paʻa o ka hana. I kēia manawa, no ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka bandwidth hana, ua manaʻo ʻia kahi ʻano ʻelua i ka SWS e hana.
E like me nā koi mana, ua hoʻolālā ʻia ka paipu holoʻokoʻa me ka volta hoʻokele o 20 kV a me kahi ʻāpana lua o 2 × 80 mA. I mea e hoʻohālikelike ai i ka volta e like me ka hiki i ka bandwidth hana o ka SDV-SWS, pono mākou e helu i ka lōʻihi o ka manawa p. Ua hōʻike ʻia ka pilina ma waena o ka volta beam a me ka manawa ma ka hoohalike (1)10:
Ma ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i ka neʻe ʻana o ka pae i 2.5π ma ke alapine waena o 220 GHz, hiki ke helu ʻia ka manawa p he 0.46 mm. Hōʻike ʻia ke kiʻi 2a i nā waiwai hoʻopuehu o ka cell unit SWS. ʻO ka 20 kV beamline e pili pono ana i ka bimodal curve. Hiki i nā alapine like ʻole ke hōʻea ma kahi o 70 GHz-2 GHz (odd) 265.4–280 GHz (even mode). Hōʻike ka Figure 2b i ka awelika hoʻohui impedance, ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o 0.6 Ω mai ka 210 a i ka 290 GHz, e hōʻike ana e hiki mai ana nā pilina ikaika i ka bandwidth hana.
(a) Nā hiʻohiʻona hoʻopuehu o ka SDV-SWS ʻano ʻelua me ka 20 kV electron beamline.
Eia naʻe, he mea nui e hoʻomaopopo he ʻokoʻa ka pū ma waena o nā ʻano like ʻole a me nā ʻano like ʻole, a ke kuhikuhi pinepine nei mākou i kēia ʻāpana band e like me ka pahu hoʻomaha, e like me ka hōʻike ʻana ma ke Kiʻi 2a. ʻO 0.1 GHz wale nō ka hanana hawewe lohi. He paʻakikī ke hoʻoholo inā he kumu oscillations kēia ʻāpana liʻiliʻi. No laila, e noiʻi ʻia ka paʻa o ka hana a puni ka band stop ma kēia ʻāpana simulation PIC e nānā i ka hiki ʻana mai o nā oscillations makemake ʻole.
Hōʻike ʻia ke kumu hoʻohālike o ka HFS holoʻokoʻa ma ka Figure 3. Aia i ʻelua mau ʻanuʻu o SDV-SWS, i hoʻopili ʻia e Bragg reflectors. ʻO ka hana o ka reflector e ʻoki i ka hoʻouna ʻana i ka hōʻailona ma waena o nā pae ʻelua, e hoʻopau i ka oscillation a me ka noʻonoʻo ʻana o nā ʻano hana ʻole e like me nā ʻano kiʻekiʻe i hana ʻia ma waena o ka ʻaoʻao luna a me lalo, no laila e hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi ai i ka laina o waho. Hoʻohana pū ʻia ka coupler e hoʻohui i ka SWS i kahi alakaʻi nalu maʻamau WR-4. ʻO ka coefficient o ka hoʻouna ʻana o ka hoʻolālā pae ʻelua e ana ʻia e kahi mea hoʻoponopono kikowaena manawa ma ka polokalamu simulation 3D. Ke noʻonoʻo nei i ka hopena maoli o ka terahertz band ma ka mea, ua hoʻonohonoho mua ʻia ka mea o ka envelopp i ke keleawe, a ua hoʻemi ʻia ka conductivity i S / 102.2.
Hōʻike ka Figure 4 i nā hopena hoʻoili no ka HFS me ka ʻole o ka laina tapered couplers. Hōʻike nā hopena i ka hopena liʻiliʻi o ka mea hoʻohui i ka hana hoʻoili o ka HFS holoʻokoʻa. ʻO ka poho hoʻihoʻi (S11 < - 10 dB) a me ka poho hoʻokomo (S21 > - 5 dB) o ka ʻōnaehana holoʻokoʻa i ka 207 ~ 280 GHz hōʻike i nā hiʻohiʻona ākea ākea HFS.
E like me ka mana lako o vacuum uila mea, ka electron pu pololei hoʻoholo inā hiki i ka mea hiki ke hoʻohua i lawa ka mana. Hoʻohuiʻia me ka nānā 'ana o HFS i ka pauku II, he dual-beam EOS pono e hoʻolālā e hoʻolako i ka mana lawa. 2, ua hoʻonohonoho mua ʻia ka uila uila Ua o nā kukuna electron i 20 kV, ʻo nā au I o nā kukuna electron ʻelua he 80 mA, a ʻo ke anawaena kukuna dw o nā kukuna electron he 0.13 mm. I ka manawa like, i mea e hōʻoia ai i ka nui o kēia manawa o ka kukuna electron a me ka cathode compression hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia, hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia ka compression o ka electron. ʻO 603 A / cm2 ka nui o kēia manawa o ka cathode, a ʻo ka nui o ka cathode i kēia manawa he 86 A / cm2, hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia e kēia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā cathode hou.
Hōʻike ka Figure 5 i nā kiʻi hoʻolālā ākea a me ke kūpaʻa o ka pū. Ua hiki ke ʻike ʻia ʻo ka ʻaoʻao o ka pū electron i ka x-direction ua aneane like me ka pu electron like sheet maʻamau, ʻoiai ma ka ʻaoʻao y ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā kukuna electron ʻelua e ka mask. ʻO nā kūlana o nā cathodes ʻelua ma x = 0 mm a me x = 0 mm. 0.155 mm, y = 0 mm. E like me nā koi hoʻolālā o ka lākiō hoʻopiʻi a me ka nui o ka injection electron, ua hoʻoholo ʻia nā ana o nā papa cathode ʻelua he 0.91 mm × 0.13 mm.
I mea e hana ai i ke kahua uila i loaʻa i kēlā me kēia kukuna electron i ka x-direction symmetrical e pili ana i kona kikowaena ponoʻī, pili kēia pepa i ka electrode mana i ka pū electron. Hiki i nā electron ke hoʻopili maikaʻi i ka ʻaoʻao-y, a ʻo kēlā me kēia kukuna electron converge i ka x-direction ma kona kikowaena ponoʻī o ka symmetry, e hōʻike ana i ke kaulike o ka electrode mana i ke kahua uila like ʻole i hana ʻia e ka electrode kālele.
Hōʻike ka Figure 7 i ka enveloppe kukuna ma nā kuhikuhi x a me y. Hōʻike nā hopena i ka mamao o ka mamao o ka mamao o ke kukui uila ma ke kuhikuhi-x he ʻokoʻa ka mamao o ka hoʻolei ʻana ma ka kuhikuhi x. ka lāʻau ma 4.6 mm mai ka cathode ili. Hiki iā mākou ke ʻike i ke ʻano o ka pauku keʻa e pili kokoke ana i kahi pōʻai electron maʻamau. ʻO ka mamao ma waena o nā kukuna electron ʻelua kokoke i ka 0.31 mm i hoʻolālā ʻia, a ʻo ka radius ma kahi o 0.13 mm, e kū ana i nā koi hoʻolālā. Hōʻike ʻo Figure 9 i nā hopena simulation o ke kukuna ʻelua i kēia manawa. i ʻaelike maikaʻi me ka 80mA i hoʻolālā ʻia.
I ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i ka fluctuation o ka hoʻokele voli i nā noi kūpono, pono ia e aʻo i ka sensitivity voltage o kēia kŘkohu. Ke hoʻololi wale nei ka lālani mai ka 0.74 a i ka 0.78 A. No laila, hiki ke noʻonoʻo ʻia ʻo ka pū electron i hoʻolālā ʻia i loko o kēia pepa he naʻau maikaʻi i ka uila.
ʻO ka hopena o ka hoʻohuli ʻana i ka puʻupuʻu uila ma nā envelopes kukuna kuhikuhi x a me y.
Ma kēia ʻāpana, ua noi ʻia kahi ʻōnaehana hoʻonohonoho hoʻohālikelike no ka mālama ʻana i ka lawe lōʻihi ʻana o nā kaola penikala pālua. studyed.According to the stable transmission theory of a one pencil beam18,19, the Brillouin magnetic field value can be counted by equation (2).Ma keia pepa, ke hoohana nei no hoi makou i keia hoohalike no ka manao ana i ke kahua hookuonoono o ka lateral distributed double pencil beam.Combined with the electron gun design in this paper, the calculed magnetic field is to G4 magnetic field. 20, 1.5-2 mau manawa i koho pinepine ʻia ka waiwai i helu ʻia i nā hoʻolālā hana.
Hōʻike ka Figure 12 i ke ʻano o kahi ʻōnaehana mākaʻikaʻi e nānā pono ana. ʻO ka ʻāpana polū ka magnet mau loa i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ke kuhikuhi axial. ʻO ke koho ʻana i nā mea waiwai ʻo NdFeB a i ʻole FeCoNi. ʻO ka remanence Br i hoʻonohonoho ʻia i ke kumu hoʻohālike he 1.3 T a me ka permeability he 1.05. ʻO ka magnet i ka x kuhikuhi e hoʻoholo ai inā ʻaʻole like ka transverse magnetic field i ke kahawai beam, e koi ana i ka nui ma ke kuhikuhi x ʻaʻole hiki ke liʻiliʻi loa. ʻōnaehana, ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia ka mamao ma waena o nā magnet i 20mm.
I ka 2015, Purna Chandra Panda21 noi aku i ka pou me ka hou stepped puka i loko o ka likeʻole magnetic kālele nenoaiu, e hiki ke hoemi hou i ka nui o ka flux leakage i ka cathode a me ka transverse magnetic kahua i hanaia ma ka pole apana lua. a ʻo ka laulā o nā ʻanuʻu ʻekolu he 0.5mm, a ʻo ka mamao ma waena o nā puka ʻāpana pole he 2mm, e like me ka hōʻike ʻana ma ke Kiʻi 13.
Hōʻike ka Figure 14a i ka mahele axial magnetic field ma waena o nā laina waena o nā kukuna electron ʻelua. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia he like nā ikaika o ka mākēneki ma nā kukuna ʻelua. He hopena maikaʻi ia i ka pale ʻana i ka leakage hoʻoheheʻe magnetic. Hōʻike ʻo Figure 14b i ka puʻunaue ʻana o ke kahua mākēneki transverse Ma ka kuhikuhi z ma ka ʻaoʻao o luna o nā kukuna electron ʻelua. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ʻo ka transverse magnetic field he emi iho ma mua o 200 Gs wale nō ma ka lua ʻāpana pole, ʻoiai ma ke kaapuni hawewe lohi, ʻo ka transverse magnetic field ka aneane ʻaʻole ka mana o ka mākēneki transverse. No ka pale ʻana i ka saturation magnetic o nā ʻāpana pole, pono ke aʻo ʻana i ka ikaika o ke kahua magnetic i loko o nā ʻāpana pole. Hōʻike ʻo Figure 14c i ka waiwai piha o ka puʻupuʻu mākēneki ma loko o ka ʻāpana pole.
Māhele mākēneki ikaika no Br = 1.3 T.(a) Axial māhele māhele.(b) Lateral māhele māhele ma ka z kuhikuhi.(c) waiwai piha o ka mahele kahua i loko o ka pou.
Ma muli o ka CST PS module, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ke kūlana pili axial o ka pū lua kukui a me ka ʻōnaehana kālele. E like me Ref. 9 a me nā simulations, ʻo ka wahi maikaʻi loa kahi e hoʻopili ai ka ʻāpana anode i ka ʻāpana pole mai ka magnet. Akā, ua ʻike ʻia inā ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia ka remanence i 1.3T, ʻaʻole hiki i ka transmittance o ke kukuna electron ke hiki i 99%. Ma ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka remanence i 1.4 T, e hoʻonui ʻia ka mākaʻikaʻi mākaʻikaʻi ma luna o 6500 x Gs. hōʻike ʻia ma ke Kiʻi 15. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia he maikaʻi ka hoʻouna ʻana o ke kukui, ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, a me kahi mamao o ka lawe ʻana ma mua o 45mm.
ʻO nā alahele o nā kaola penikala pālua ma lalo o kahi ʻōnaehana magnetic homogeneous me Br = 1.4 T.(a) xoz plane.(b) yoz mokulele.
Hōʻike ka Figure 16 i ka ʻāpana keʻa o ka lāʻau ma nā kūlana like ʻole mai ka cathode. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ke ʻano o ke ʻano o ka pauku kaola i ka ʻōnaehana hoʻonohonoho pono ʻana, a ʻaʻole loli nui ka ʻāpana. ʻO ka lāʻau i kēia manawa. Hōʻike nā hopena i kēia manawa e pili ana i 2 × 80 mA, i kūlike me ka helu helu i ka hoʻolālā electron gun.
Electron beam cross section (me ka ʻōnaehana kālele) ma nā kūlana like ʻole mai ka cathode.
Ke noʻonoʻo nei i kahi ʻano o nā pilikia e like me nā hewa hui, nā loli uila, a me nā hoʻololi ʻana i ka ikaika o ka magnetic field i nā noi hana hoʻomaʻamaʻa pono, pono ia e kālailai i ka ʻike o ka ʻōnaehana hoʻonohonoho. y kuhikuhi. Hōʻike kēia hopena i ka nui ʻole o ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka envelop kukuna a ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia ke ʻano o ka beam. no ka hoʻololiʻana i ka ikaika magnetic field. Hōʻikeʻia nā hopena hoʻohālikelike ma ka Figure 20. Hiki keʻikeʻia he mea hikiʻole ke hoʻololi i ka envelopp kukuna,ʻo ia hoʻi,ʻaʻole hiki i ka EOS holoʻokoʻa ke hoʻololi i ka ikaika o ka magnetic field.
ʻO ka enveloppi kukuna a me nā hopena o kēia manawa ma lalo o kahi ʻōnaehana hoʻonohonoho hoʻokalakupua.
ʻO ka enveloppe beam ma lalo o kahi ʻōnaehana hoʻohālikelike magnetic me ka axial magnetic field fluctuations ikaika mai 0.63 a 0.68 T.
I mea e hiki ai ke hoʻohālikelike i ka ʻōnaehana hoʻonohonoho i hoʻolālā ʻia ma kēia pepa me HFS, pono e hoʻohui i ka ʻōnaehana kikoʻī a me ka HFS no ka noiʻi. Hōʻike ʻo Figure 21 i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana o nā envelopes beam me ka ʻole o ka HFS i hoʻouka ʻia. Hōʻike nā hopena ʻaʻole e loli nui ka envelopp i ka wā e hoʻouka ʻia ai ka HFS holoʻokoʻa.
No ka hōʻoia i ka pololei o ka EOS i manaʻo ʻia ma ka Pauku III a me ka noiʻi ʻana i ka hana o ka 220 GHz SDV-TWT, ua hana ʻia kahi simulation 3D-PIC o ka launa pū ʻana o ka beam-wave. 0.31mm, nā palena like me ka pū electron i hoʻolālā ʻia ma luna. Ma muli o ka insensitivity a me ka paʻa maikaʻi o EOS, hiki ke hoʻonohonoho pono ʻia ka uila hoʻokele e hoʻokō i ka mana hoʻopuka maikaʻi loa i ka simulation PIC. Hōʻike nā hopena simulation e hiki ke loaʻa ka mana saturated output a me ka loaʻa ʻana ma ka volta hoʻokele o 20.6 kV, kahi mana beam o 2 × 8.000 mA. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo W.
No ka loaʻaʻana o ka hōʻailona hoʻopuka maikaʻi loa, pono e hoʻonuiʻia ka helu o nā pōʻaiapuni. Loaʻa ka mana hoʻopuka maikaʻi loa i ka manawa o ka helu o nā paeʻelua he 42 + 48 mau pōʻaiapuni, e like me ka mea i hōʻikeʻia ma ka Figure 22a. Hōʻike ka GHz.Figure 22b i ka māhele axial kūlana o ka ikehu electron i ka SWS, me ka hapa nui o nā electrons e nalowale ana i ka ikehu. Hōʻike kēia hopena e hiki i ka SDV-SWS ke hoʻololi i ka ikehu kinetic o nā electrons i nā hōʻailona RF, a laila e ʻike ai i ka amplification hōʻailona.
SDV-SWS hōʻailona hoʻopuka ma 220 GHz.(a) Ka mana hoʻopuka me ka spectrum i hoʻokomo ʻia.(b) Ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka ikehu o nā electrons me ka uila uila ma ka hope o ka SWS inset.
Hōʻike ka Figure 23 i ka bandwidth mana hoʻopuka a me ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi dual-mode dual-beam SDV-TWT. Hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi hou ʻia ka hana o ka puka ʻana ma ka sweeping frequency mai 200 a 275 GHz a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka volta drive. Hōʻike kēia hopena e hiki i ka bandwidth 3-dB ke uhi i ka 205 a hiki i ka 275 GHz, ʻo ia hoʻi, hiki ke hana i ka bandwidth nui.
Eia naʻe, e like me ka Fig. 2a, ua ʻike mākou aia kahi pahu hoʻomaha ma waena o nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole a hiki ke alakaʻi i nā oscillations makemake ʻole. No laila, pono e aʻo ʻia ka paʻa hana a puni nā pani. Loaʻa nā hopena simulation i kekahi mau loli, ʻoi aku ka paʻa o ka mana hoʻopuka. Hōʻike pū ʻia ke kikoʻī ma ka Figure 24 pakahi, maʻemaʻe ke kiko.
Pono ka hana ʻana a me ke ana ʻana e hōʻoia i ka pololei o ka HFS holoʻokoʻa. Ma kēia ʻāpana, ua hana ʻia ka HFS me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻenehana helu kamepiula (CNC) me ke anawaena mea hana o 0.1 mm a me ka pololei machining o 10. 66.00 mm, 20.00 mm laula a me 8.66 mm ke ki'eki'e. Ua puunaueia na puka pine ewalu a puni ka hale. Hōʻike ka Figure 25b i ka hale ma ka scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 0.4μm. Hoʻokō ka ʻōnaehana mīkini i ka hoʻolālā a me nā koi pololei.
Hōʻike ka Figure 26 i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana ma waena o nā hopena hoʻokolohua maoli a me nā hoʻohālikelike o ka hoʻoili ʻana. He kiʻekiʻe loa ka conductivity mea i hoʻonohonoho ʻia i ka simulation a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka roughness ma hope o ka mīkini maoli. Overall, ua ʻae maikaʻi nā hopena i ana ʻia me nā hopena simulation, a hoʻokō ka bandwidth transmission i ke koi o 70 GHz, e hōʻoia ana i ka hiki a me ka pololei o ka manaʻo ʻelua-mode SDV-TWT. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka hoʻolālā SDV-TWT i manaʻo ʻia ma kēia pepa no ka hana ʻana a me nā noi.
I loko o kēia pepa, hōʻike ʻia kahi hoʻolālā kikoʻī o ka mahele planar 220 GHz dual-beam SDV-TWT. ʻO ka hui pū ʻana o ka hana ʻelua-mode a me ka lua-beam excitation e hoʻonui hou i ka bandwidth hana a me ka mana hoʻopuka. ʻO nā hualoaʻa ana maoli i ʻaelike maikaʻi me nā hopena hoʻohālikelike. No nā EOS ʻelua-beam i hoʻolālā ʻia, ua hoʻohana pū ʻia kahi ʻāpana mask a me nā electrodes mana e hana i kahi kaola penikala ʻelua. i manaʻo ʻia i loko o kēia pepa e hoʻohui piha i ka ʻenehana hoʻoili mokulele o kēia manawa, a hōʻike i ka mana nui i nā hōʻailona hana a me ka hana ʻana a me ka hui.
ʻO ka hapa nui o nā ʻikepili maka a me nā hiʻohiʻona analytical i loko o kēia haʻawina ua hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o kēia pepa.
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