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I roto i tēnei pepa, kua hoahoatia, kua manatokohia hoki he ngongo ngaru haere mata-rua e hono ana ki te mana-teitei 220GHz whānui. Tuatahi, ka whakaarohia he hanganga ngaru puhoi mata-rua papatahi e hono ana ki te hihi-rua. Mā te whakamahi i tētahi kaupapa mahi aratau-rua, tata rua te mahi tuku me te whānui o te whānui i te aratau-kotahi. Tuarua, hei whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga o te mana putanga teitei me te whakapai ake i te pumau o te ngongo ngaru haere, kua hoahoatia he pūnaha whatu hiko āhua-pene rua, ko te ngaohiko taraiwa he 20~21 kV, ā, ko te iahiko he 2 × 80 mA. Ngā whāinga hoahoa. Mā te whakamahi i te wāhanga kopare me te hiko whakahaere i roto i te pū hihi-rua, ka taea te arotahi i ngā hihi-pene e rua i ō rātou pokapū me te ōwehenga kōpeketanga o te 7, ko te tawhiti arotahi he tata ki te 0.18mm, ā, he pai te pumau. Kua arotauhia hoki te pūnaha arotahi aukume ōrite. Ka taea e te tawhiti tuku pumau o te hihi irahiko papatahi rua te tae ki te 45 mm, ā, ko te papa aukume arotahi he 0.6 T, he rawaka hei kapi i te pūnaha auau teitei katoa (HFS). Kātahi, ki te Hei whakamana i te whakamahinga o te pūnaha irahiko-whatu me te mahi a te hanganga ngaru-pōturi, i whakahaerehia hoki ngā whakatauira pūtau matūriki (PIC) ki runga i te HFS katoa. E whakaatu ana ngā hua ka taea e te pūnaha taunekeneke-hiku te whakatutuki i te mana putanga tihi tata ki te 310 W i te 220 GHz, ko te ngaohiko hihi kua arotauhia ko te 20.6 kV, ko te ia hihi ko te 2 × 80 mA, ko te whakanui ko te 38 dB, ā, ko te whānui o te 3-dB neke atu i te 35 dB tata ki te 70 GHz. Hei whakamutunga, ka mahia te hanganga moroiti tino tika hei whakamana i te mahi a te HFS, ā, e whakaatu ana ngā hua he pai te hononga o te whānui me ngā āhuatanga tuku ki ngā hua whakatauira. Nō reira, ko te kaupapa kua whakaarohia i roto i tēnei pepa e tumanakohia ana ka whakawhanake i ngā pūtake irahiko terahertz-roopu-rahi-mana-teitei me te kaha mō ngā tono a meake nei.
Hei taputapu hiko korehau tuku iho, he mahi nui tā te ngongo ngaru haere (TWT) i roto i ngā tono maha pēnei i te radar taumira teitei, ngā pūnaha whakawhitiwhiti amiorangi, me te tūhuratanga ātea1,2,3. Heoi, i te taenga o te auau mahi ki te roopu terahertz, kāore i taea e te TWT hononga-kōhao tuku iho me te TWT helical te whakatutuki i ngā hiahia o te tangata nā te iti o te mana putanga, te whānui whānui whaiti, me ngā tukanga hanga uaua. Nō reira, kua noho ko te whakapai ake i te mahi a te roopu THz hei take tino āwangawanga mō te maha o ngā whare rangahau pūtaiao. I ngā tau tata nei, kua aro nuihia ngā hanganga ngaru puhoi hou (SWS), pēnei i ngā hanganga mata-rua kua whakarara (SDV) me ngā hanganga arataki ngaru kua takai (FW), nā ō rātou hanganga papatahi tūturu, inā koa ko ngā SDV-SWS hou me te pūmanawa whai hua. I whakaarohia tēnei hanganga e UC-Davis i te tau 20084. Ka taea te hanga ngāwari i te hanganga papatahi mā ngā tikanga tukatuka micro-nano pēnei i te mana tau rorohiko (CNC) me te UV-LIGA, ka taea e te hanganga mōkihi whakarewa katoa te whakarato i te kaha wera nui ake me te mana putanga teitei ake. me te whakanui, ā, ka taea hoki e te hanganga rite ki te arataki ngaru te whakarato i te whānui o te whānui o te whānui o te mahi. I tēnei wā, i whakaaturia e UC Davis mō te wā tuatahi i te tau 2017 ka taea e te SDV-TWT te whakaputa i ngā putanga mana-teitei neke atu i te 100 W me ngā tohu whānui tata ki te 14 GHz i roto i te roopu-G5. Heoi, kei roto tonu i ēnei hua ngā āputa kāore e taea te whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga e pā ana ki te mana teitei me te whānui o te whānui i roto i te roopu terahertz. Mō te SDV-TWT roopu-G a UC-Davis, kua whakamahia ngā hihi irahiko rau. Ahakoa ka taea e tēnei kaupapa te whakapai ake i te kaha kawe-iao o te hihi, he uaua ki te pupuri i te tawhiti tuku roa nā te kore pumau o te pūnaha whatu irahiko hihi rau (EOS), ā, he kauhanga hihi aratau-runga, ka taea hoki e te hihi te whakahaere-ake. – Te Whakaohooho me te Oscillation 6,7. Hei whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga o te mana whakaputa teitei, te whānui o te whānui me te pumau pai o te THz TWT, ka whakaarohia he SDV-SWS rua-rama me te mahi aratau-rua i roto i tēnei pepa. Arā, hei whakanui ake i te whānui o te mahi, ka whakaarohia te mahi aratau-rua, ā, ka whakaurua ki roto i tēnei hanganga. Ā, hei whakanui ake i te mana whakaputa, ka whakamahia hoki he tohatoha papatahi o ngā hihi pene rua. He iti noa ngā reo irirangi hihi pene kotahi nā te rahi poutū. Mena he nui rawa te kiato o te iahiko, me whakaiti te iahiko hihi, ka hua ake he mana whakaputa iti noa iho. Hei whakapai ake i te iahiko hihi, kua puta mai te EOS maha-rama tohatoha papatahi, e whakamahi ana i te rahi taha o te SWS. Nā te whakatōnga hihi motuhake, ka taea e te maha-rama tohatoha papatahi te whakatutuki i te mana whakaputa teitei mā te pupuri i te iahiko hihi katoa teitei me te iahiko iti mō ia hihi, ka taea te karo i te whakatōnga hihi overmode ki te whakataurite ki ngā taputapu hihi-rau. Nō reira, he pai ki te pupuri i te pumau o te ngongo ngaru haere. I runga i ngā mahi o mua 8,9, E whakaarohia ana e tēnei pepa he papa aukume ōrite G-band e arotahi ana ki te EOS hihi pene takirua, ka taea te whakapai ake i te tawhiti tuku pumau o te hihi, me te whakanui ake i te horahanga taunekeneke hihi, ā, ka whakapai ake i te mana putanga.
Ko te hanganga o tēnei pepa e whai ake nei. Tuatahi, ka whakaahuahia te hoahoa pūtau SWS me ngā tawhā, te tātari āhuatanga marara me ngā hua whakatauira auau teitei. Kātahi, e ai ki te hanganga o te pūtau wae, ka hangaia he pūnaha EOS kurupae pene rua me te pūnaha taunekeneke kurupae i roto i tēnei pepa. Ka whakaatuhia hoki ngā hua whakatauira matūriki ā-roto hei manatoko i te whakamahinga o te EOS me te mahi a te SDV-TWT. Hei tāpiri, ka whakaatuhia pototia e te pepa ngā hua hanga me te whakamātautau makariri hei manatoko i te tika o te HFS katoa. Hei whakamutunga, hangaia he whakarāpopototanga.
Hei tētahi o ngā wāhanga tino nui o te TWT, ko ngā āhuatanga marara o te hanganga ngaru-pōturi e tohu ana mēnā he ōrite te tere o te irahiko ki te tere ā-wāhanga o te SWS, ā, he nui te awe ki te taunekeneke hihi-ngaru. Hei whakapai ake i te mahi a te TWT katoa, kua hoahoatia he hanganga taunekeneke kua whakapaitia. Ko te hanganga o te pūtau wae e whakaaturia ana i te Pikitia 1. I te whakaaro ki te kore pumau o te hihi rau me te herenga mana o te hihi pene kotahi, ka whakamahia e te hanganga he hihi pene takirua hei whakapai ake i te mana putanga me te pumau o te mahi. I taua wā, hei whakanui ake i te whānui mahi, kua whakaarohia he aratau takirua hei whakahaere i te SWS. Nā te ōrite o te hanganga SDV, ka taea te wehewehe i te otinga o te whārite marara mara hikohiko ki ngā aratau tauhou me ngā aratau taurite. I taua wā anō, ka whakamahia te aratau tauhou taketake o te roopu auau iti me te aratau taurite taketake o te roopu auau teitei hei whakatutuki i te tukutahi whānui o te taunekeneke hihi, kia pai ake ai te whānui mahi.
E ai ki ngā whakaritenga mana, kua hangaia te ngongo katoa me te ngaohiko taraiwa o te 20 kV me te iahiko kurupae takirua o te 2 × 80 mA. Hei whakataurite i te ngaohiko kia tata ki te whānui whakahaere o te SDV-SWS, me tatau e tātou te roa o te wā p. Ko te whanaungatanga i waenga i te ngaohiko kurupae me te wā e whakaaturia ana i te whārite (1)10:
Mā te whakatakoto i te nekehanga ā-wāhanga ki te 2.5π i te auau pokapū o te 220 GHz, ka taea te tatau i te wā p ki te 0.46 mm. E whakaatu ana te Pikitia 2a i ngā āhuatanga marara o te pūtau wae SWS. He tino pai te ōrite o te raina hihi 20 kV ki te pihi bimodal. Ka taea e ngā roopu auau ōrite te eke ki te 70 GHz i roto i ngā awhe 210–265.3 GHz (aratau tauhou) me te 265.4–280 GHz (aratau taurite). E whakaatu ana te Pikitia 2b i te ātete hononga toharite, he nui ake i te 0.6 Ω mai i te 210 ki te 290 GHz, e tohu ana ka puta pea ngā taunekeneke kaha i roto i te whānui o te mahi.
(a) Ngā āhuatanga marara o tētahi SDV-SWS aratau-rua me te raina hihi irahiko 20 kV. (b) Te aukati taunekeneke o te ara iahiko ngaru puhoi SDV.
Heoi, he mea nui kia mōhio kei reira he āputa roopu i waenga i ngā momo tauhou me ngā momo taurite, ā, e kiia ana tēnei āputa roopu ko te roopu aukati, e whakaaturia ana i te Pikitia 2a. Mena ka whakahaerehia te TWT tata ki tēnei roopu auau, ka puta pea te kaha o te hononga hihi kaha, ka arahi ki ngā wiriwiri kāore e hiahiatia. I roto i ngā tono mahi, ka karohia e mātou te whakamahi i te TWT tata ki te roopu aukati. Heoi, ka kitea ko te āputa roopu o tēnei hanganga ngaru puhoi he 0.1 GHz anake. He uaua ki te whakatau mena ka puta ngā wiriwiri i tēnei āputa roopu iti. Nō reira, ka tirotirohia te pumau o te mahi huri noa i te roopu aukati i te wāhanga whakatauira PIC e whai ake nei hei tātari mena ka puta pea ngā wiriwiri kāore e hiahiatia.
Kei te Pikitia 3 te tauira o te HFS katoa. E rua ngā wāhanga o te SDV-SWS, e honoa ana e ngā whakaata Bragg. Ko te mahi a te whakaata he tapahi i te tuku tohu i waenga i ngā wāhanga e rua, te pehi i te wiri me te whakaata o ngā aratau kore-mahi pēnei i ngā aratau teitei i hangaia i waenga i ngā mata o runga me raro, ā, ka tino whakapai ake i te pumau o te ngongo katoa. Mō te hononga ki te taiao o waho, ka whakamahia hoki he hononga whakarara raina hei hono i te SWS ki te arataki ngaru paerewa WR-4. Ka inehia te tauwehenga tuku o te hanganga taumata-rua e te whakaoti rohe wā i roto i te pūmanawa whakaata 3D. Ma te whakaaro ki te pānga tuturu o te roopu terahertz ki te rauemi, ka whakatakotoria tuatahitia te rauemi o te kōpaki korehau ki te parahi, ā, ka whakaitihia te kawe hiko ki te 2.25 × 107 S/m12.
E whakaatu ana te Pikitia 4 i ngā hua tuku mō ngā HFS me ngā hononga whakarara rārangi, me te kore hoki. E whakaatu ana ngā hua he iti noa te pānga o te hononga ki te mahi tuku o te HFS katoa. Ko te ngaronga whakahoki (S11 < − 10 dB) me te ngaronga whakaurunga (S21 > − 5 dB) o te pūnaha katoa i roto i te whānui whānui 207~280 GHz e whakaatu ana he pai ngā āhuatanga tuku a te HFS.
Hei pūtake hiko mō ngā taputapu hiko korehau, ka whakatau tika te pū irahiko mēnā ka taea e te taputapu te whakaputa i te mana whakaputa e ranea ana. I te taha o te tātaritanga o te HFS i te Wāhanga II, me hoahoa he EOS rua-rama hei whakarato i te mana e ranea ana. I tēnei wāhanga, i runga i ngā mahi o mua i te W-band8,9, ka hoahoahia he pū irahiko pene rua mā te whakamahi i tētahi wāhanga kopare papatahi me ngā irahiko whakahaere. Tuatahi, e ai ki ngā whakaritenga hoahoa o te SWS i te Wāhanga. E whakaaturia ana i te Pikitia. 2, ko te ngaohiko taraiwa Ua o ngā hihi irahiko ka whakatakotoria tuatahitia ki te 20 kV, ko ngā iahiko I o ngā hihi irahiko e rua he 80 mA, ā, ko te diameter hihi dw o ngā hihi irahiko he 0.13 mm. I taua wā anō, kia taea ai te whakatutuki i te kiato iahiko o te hihi irahiko me te katote, ka whakatakotoria te ōwehenga kōpeketanga o te hihi irahiko ki te 7, nō reira ko te kiato iahiko o te hihi irahiko he 603 A/cm2, ā, ko te kiato iahiko o te katote he 86 A/cm2, ka taea te whakatutuki mā te whakamahi i ngā rauemi katote hou. E ai ki te ariā hoahoa 14, 15, 16, 17, ka taea te tautuhi motuhake i tētahi pū irahiko Pierce noa.
E whakaatu ana te Pikitia 5 i ngā hoahoa kauwhata whakapae me te poutū o te pū. Ka kitea ko te āhua o te pū irahiko i te ahunga-x he tata rite ki te āhua o te pū irahiko rite ki te rau, engari i te ahunga-y ka wehea ngā hihi irahiko e rua e te kopare. Ko ngā tūranga o ngā katote e rua kei te x = – 0.155 mm, y = 0 mm me te x = 0.155 mm, y = 0 mm. E ai ki ngā whakaritenga hoahoa o te ōwehenga kōpeketanga me te rahi werohanga irahiko, ko ngā inenga o ngā mata katote e rua ka whakatauhia ko te 0.91 mm × 0.13 mm.
Hei hanga i te papa hiko arotahi e whiwhihia ana e ia hihi irahiko i te ahunga-x kia ōrite ki tōna ake pokapū, ka whakamahia e tēnei pepa he hiko whakahaere ki te pū irahiko. Mā te whakatakoto i te ngaohiko o te hiko arotahi me te hiko whakahaere ki te −20 kV, me te ngaohiko o te anode ki te 0 V, ka taea e tātou te whiwhi i te tohatoha ara o te pū hihi takirua, e whakaaturia ana i te Pikitia 6. Ka kitea he pai te kaha o ngā irahiko e tukuna ana ki te ahunga-y, ā, ka tūtaki ia hihi irahiko ki te ahunga-x i tōna ake pokapū ōrite, e tohu ana ka taurite te hiko whakahaere i te papa hiko kore taurite i hangaia e te hiko arotahi.
E whakaatu ana te Pikitia 7 i te takai hihi i ngā ahunga x me y. E whakaatu ana ngā hua he rerekē te tawhiti whakaata o te hihi irahiko i te ahunga-x i tērā i te ahunga-y. Ko te tawhiti maka i te ahunga-x he tata ki te 4mm, ā, ko te tawhiti maka i te ahunga-y he tata ki te 7mm. Nō reira, me whiriwhiri te tawhiti maka tuturu i waenga i te 4 me te 7 mm. E whakaatu ana te Pikitia 8 i te wāhanga whakawhiti o te hihi irahiko i te 4.6 mm mai i te mata katote. Ka kitea e tātou ko te āhua o te wāhanga whakawhiti he tata rawa ki te hihi irahiko porowhita paerewa. Ko te tawhiti i waenga i ngā hihi irahiko e rua he tata ki te 0.31 mm i hangaia, ā, ko te radius he tata ki te 0.13 mm, e tutuki ana i ngā whakaritenga hoahoa. E whakaatu ana te Pikitia 9 i ngā hua whakatauira o te ia hihi. Ka kitea ko ngā ia hihi e rua he 76mA, he rite tonu ki te 80mA i hangaia.
I te whakaaro ki te piki me te heke o te ngaohiko taraiwa i roto i ngā mahi whaihua, he mea tika kia akohia te aro o tēnei tauira ki te ngaohiko. I roto i te awhe ngaohiko o te 19.8 ~ 20.6 kV, ka whiwhihia ngā takai o te iahiko me te iahiko hihi, e whakaaturia ana i te Pikitia 1 me te Pikitia 1.10 me te 11. Mai i ngā hua, ka kitea kāore he pānga o te huringa o te ngaohiko taraiwa ki te takai o te hihi irahiko, ā, ka rerekē noa te iahiko hihi irahiko mai i te 0.74 ki te 0.78 A. Nō reira, ka taea te whakaaro he pai te aro o te pū irahiko i hangaia i roto i tēnei pepa ki te ngaohiko.
Te pānga o ngā piki me ngā heke o te ngaohiko ki ngā takai hihi ahunga-x me te ahunga-y.
He pūnaha arotahi aukume tuturu noa te papa arotahi aukume ōrite. Nā te tohatoha o te papa aukume ōrite puta noa i te awa hihi, he tino pai mō ngā hihi irahiko axisymmetric. I tēnei wāhanga, ka whakaarohia he pūnaha arotahi aukume ōrite hei pupuri i te tuku tawhiti o ngā hihi pene takirua. Mā te tātari i te papa aukume kua hangaia me te takai hihi, ka whakaarohia te kaupapa hoahoa o te pūnaha arotahi, ā, ka akohia te raruraru aro. E ai ki te ariā tuku pumau o te hihi pene kotahi18,19, ka taea te tatau i te uara papa aukume Brillouin mā te whārite (2). I roto i tēnei pepa, ka whakamahia hoki e mātou tēnei ōritetanga hei whakatau tata i te papa aukume o te hihi pene takirua kua tohatohahia ki te taha. I te taha o te pū irahiko i hangaia i roto i tēnei pepa, ko te uara papa aukume kua tatauhia he tata ki te 4000 Gs. E ai ki te Tohutoro 20, 1.5-2 ngā wā o te uara kua tatauhia e whiriwhiria ana i roto i ngā hoahoa mahi.
E whakaatu ana te Pikitia 12 i te hanganga o tētahi pūnaha arotahi aukume ōrite. Ko te wāhanga kikorangi ko te aukume tuturu kua aukumetia i te ahunga tuaka. Ko te kōwhiringa rauemi ko NdFeB, ko FeCoNi rānei. Ko te toenga Br i whakatakotoria i roto i te tauira whakatauira ko 1.3 T, ā, ko te uruhanga ko 1.05. Hei whakarite i te tuku pumau o te hihi i roto i te ara iahiko katoa, ka whakatakotoria tuatahitia te roa o te aukume ki te 70 mm. Hei tāpiri, ko te rahi o te aukume i te ahunga x e whakatau ana mēnā he ōrite te mara aukume whakawhiti i roto i te hongere hihi, e hiahia ana kia kaua e iti rawa te rahi i te ahunga x. I te wa ano, i te whakaaro ki te utu me te taumaha o te ngongo katoa, kaua e nui rawa te rahi o te aukume. Nō reira, ka whakatakotoria tuatahitia ngā aukume ki te 150 mm × 150 mm × 70 mm. I taua wā, hei whakarite kia taea te whakanoho i te ara iahiko ngaru puhoi katoa ki roto i te pūnaha arotahi, ka whakatakotoria te tawhiti i waenga i ngā aukume ki te 20mm.
I te tau 2015, i whakaarohia e Purna Chandra Panda21 tētahi wāhanga pou me tētahi kōhao taumata hou i roto i tētahi pūnaha arotahi aukume ōrite, ka taea te whakaiti i te nui o te turuturu rere ki te katote me te papa aukume whakawhiti i hangaia i te kōhao wāhanga pou. I roto i tēnei pepa, ka tāpirihia e mātou he hanganga taumata ki te wāhanga pou o te pūnaha arotahi. Ko te matotoru o te wāhanga pou ka whakatakotoria tuatahi ki te 1.5mm, ko te teitei me te whānui o ngā taumata e toru he 0.5mm, ā, ko te tawhiti i waenga i ngā kōhao wāhanga pou he 2mm, e whakaaturia ana i te Pikitia 13.
E whakaatu ana te Pikitia 14a i te tohatoha o te papa aukume tuaka i ngā pokapū o ngā hihi irahiko e rua. Ka kitea he ōrite ngā kaha o te papa aukume i ngā hihi irahiko e rua. Ko te uara o te papa aukume he tata ki te 6000 Gs, he 1.5 ngā wā o te mara Brillouin ariā hei whakanui ake i te mahi tuku me te arotahi. I taua wā anō, tata ki te 0 te papa aukume i te cathode, e tohu ana he pai te pānga o te wahi pou ki te aukati i te turuturu o te rerenga aukume. E whakaatu ana te Pikitia 14b i te tohatoha o te papa aukume whakawhiti i te taha z i te taha o runga o ngā hihi irahiko e rua. Ka kitea he iti iho i te 200 Gs te papa aukume whakawhiti i te kōhao o te wahi pou anake, i te mea i roto i te ara iahiko ngaru puhoi, tata kore te papa aukume whakawhiti, e whakaatu ana he iti noa te awe o te papa aukume whakawhiti ki te hihi irahiko. Hei ārai i te mākū o ngā wahi pou, me ako te kaha o te papa aukume i roto i ngā wahi pou. E whakaatu ana te Pikitia 14c i te uara tino o te tohatoha o te papa aukume i roto i te wahi pou. Ka kitea ko te uara tino o te papa aukume he iti iho i te 1.2T te kaha, e tohu ana kāore e puta te mākūkū aukume o te wahi pou.
Te tohatoha kaha o te papa aukume mō te Br = 1.3 T.(a) Te tohatoha papa tuaka.(b) Te tohatoha papa taha Nā i te ahunga z.(c) Te uara tino o te tohatoha papa i roto i te wahi pou.
I runga i te kōwae CST PS, kua arotauhia te tūranga whanaunga tuaka o te pū kurupae rua me te pūnaha arotahi. E ai ki te Tohutoro 9 me ngā whakatauira, ko te wāhi tino pai ko te wāhi e taupokina ai te wahi anode i te wahi pou mai i te aukume. Heoi, i kitea mēnā i whakatakotoria te remanence ki te 1.3T, kāore e taea e te tuku o te kurupae irahiko te eke ki te 99%. Mā te whakanui ake i te remanence ki te 1.4 T, ka whakanuia te papa aukume arotahi ki te 6500 Gs. Ko ngā ara kurupae i runga i ngā papa xoz me yoz e whakaaturia ana i te Pikitia 15. Ka kitea he pai te tuku o te kurupae, he iti te pikinga, ā, he nui ake te tawhiti tuku i te 45mm.
Ngā ara o ngā kurupae pene takirua i raro i tētahi pūnaha aukume ōrite me te Br = 1.4 T.(a) papa xoz.(b) waka rererangi yoz.
E whakaatu ana te Pikitia 16 i te wāhanga whakawhiti o te hihi i ngā tūranga rerekē i tawhiti atu i te katote. Ka kitea kei te pai te pupuri i te āhua o te wāhanga hihi i roto i te pūnaha arotahi, ā, kāore te whānui o te wāhanga e tino rerekē. E whakaatu ana te Pikitia 17 i ngā takai hihi i ngā ahunga x me y, ia. Ka kitea he tino iti te hekenga o te hihi i ngā ahunga e rua. E whakaatu ana te Pikitia 18 i ngā hua whakatauira o te ia hihi. E whakaatu ana ngā hua ko te ia he tata ki te 2 × 80 mA, he rite ki te uara tatau i roto i te hoahoa pū irahiko.
Te wāhanga whakawhiti o te hihi irahiko (me te pūnaha arotahi) i ngā tūranga rerekē e wehe atu ana i te katote.
I te whakaaro ki tētahi raupapa raruraru pēnei i ngā hapa huihuinga, ngā rerekētanga ngaohiko, me ngā huringa o te kaha o te papa aukume i roto i ngā tono tukatuka mahi, he mea tika kia tātarihia te aro o te pūnaha arotahi. Nā te mea he āputa i waenganui i te wahi anode me te wahi pou i roto i te tukatuka tuturu, me whakatakoto tēnei āputa i roto i te whakatauira. I whakatakotoria te uara āputa ki te 0.2 mm, ā, e whakaatu ana te Pikitia 19a i te kōpaki hihi me te ia o te hihi i te ahunga y. E whakaatu ana tēnei hua kāore te huringa o te kōpaki hihi i te mea nui, ā, kāore te ia o te hihi e rerekē. Nō reira, kāore te pūnaha e aro ki ngā hapa huihuinga. Mō te rerekētanga o te ngaohiko taraiwa, kua whakatakotoria te awhe hapa ki te ±0.5 kV. E whakaatu ana te Pikitia 19b i ngā hua whakatairite. Ka kitea he iti noa te pānga o te huringa ngaohiko ki te kōpaki hihi. Kua whakatakotoria te awhe hapa mai i te -0.02 ki te +0.03 T mō ngā huringa o te kaha o te papa aukume. Kei te whakaatuhia ngā hua whakatairite i roto i te Pikitia 20. Ka kitea he iti noa te huringa o te kōpaki hihi, ko te tikanga kāore te EOS katoa e aro ki ngā huringa o te kaha o te papa aukume.
Ko ngā hua o te takai hihi me te iahiko i raro i tētahi pūnaha arotahi aukume ōrite.(a) Ko te manawanui huihuinga he 0.2 mm.(b) Ko te piki me te heke o te ngaohiko taraiwa he ±0.5 kV.
He kōpaki hihi i raro i tētahi pūnaha arotahi aukume ōrite me ngā piki me ngā heke o te kaha o te papa aukume tuaka mai i te 0.63 ki te 0.68 T.
Hei whakarite kia ōrite te pūnaha arotahi i hangaia i roto i tēnei pepa ki te HFS, me whakakotahi te pūnaha arotahi me te HFS mō te rangahau. E whakaatu ana te Pikitia 21 i te whakataurite i ngā takai hihi me te HFS kua utaina, me te kore. E whakaatu ana ngā hua kāore te takai hihi e tino rerekē ina utaina te HFS katoa. Nō reira, he pai te pūnaha arotahi mō te HFS ngongo ngaru haere o te hoahoa i runga ake nei.
Hei manatoko i te tika o te EOS i whakaarohia i te Wāhanga III, me te tirotiro i te mahi a te 220 GHz SDV-TWT, ka mahia he whakatauira 3D-PIC o te taunekeneke hihi-ngaru. Nā ngā herenga o te pūmanawa whakatauira, kāore i taea e mātou te tāpiri i te EOS katoa ki te HFS. Nō reira, i whakakapia te pū irahiko ki tētahi mata whakaputa rite me te diameter o te 0.13mm me te tawhiti i waenga i ngā mata e rua o te 0.31mm, ko ngā tawhā rite ki te pū irahiko i hangaia i runga ake nei. Nā te kore aro me te pumau pai o te EOS, ka taea te arotau tika i te ngaohiko taraiwa kia tutuki ai te mana putanga pai rawa atu i roto i te whakatauira PIC. E whakaatu ana ngā hua whakatauira ka taea te whiwhi i te mana putanga kua kukū me te whakanui i te ngaohiko taraiwa o te 20.6 kV, he ia hihi o te 2 × 80 mA (603 A/cm2), me te mana whakauru o te 0.05 W.
Hei whiwhi i te tohu putanga pai rawa atu, me arotau hoki te maha o ngā huringa. Ka whiwhihia te mana putanga pai rawa atu ina ko te maha o ngā wāhanga e rua he 42 + 48 huringa, e whakaaturia ana i te Pikitia 22a. Ka whakanuia he tohu tāuru 0.05 W ki te 314 W me te pikinga o te 38 dB. Ko te whānuitanga mana putanga i whiwhihia e te Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) he parakore, e eke ana ki te 220 GHz. E whakaatu ana te Pikitia 22b i te tohatoha tūranga tuaka o te kaha irahiko i roto i te SWS, me te nuinga o ngā irahiko e ngaro ana te kaha. E tohu ana tēnei hua ka taea e te SDV-SWS te huri i te kaha nekeneke o ngā irahiko ki ngā tohu RF, ā, ka tutuki te whakanui tohu.
Tohu putanga SDV-SWS i te 220 GHz.(a) Mana putanga me te whānuitanga kua whakaurua.(b) Te tohatoha pūngao o ngā irahiko me te hihi irahiko i te pito o te whakaurunga SWS.
E whakaatu ana te Pikitia 23 i te whānui o te mana putanga me te whakanui o te SDV-TWT kurupae-rua aratau-rua. Ka taea te whakapai ake i te mahi putanga mā te hora i ngā auau mai i te 200 ki te 275 GHz me te arotau i te ngaohiko taraiwa. E whakaatu ana tēnei hua ka taea e te whānui 3-dB te kapi i te 205 ki te 275 GHz, ko te tikanga ka taea e te mahi aratau-rua te whakawhānui ake i te whānui whakahaere.
Heoi, e ai ki te Pikitia 2a, e mōhio ana tātou kei reira he awhi aukati i waenga i ngā aratau tauhou me ngā aratau taurite, ka arahi pea ki ngā wiriwiri kāore e hiahiatia. Nō reira, me ako te pumau mahi huri noa i ngā aukati. Ko ngā Pikitia 24a-c ko ngā hua whakatauira 20 ns i te 265.3 GHz, 265.35 GHz, me te 265.4 GHz. Ka kitea ahakoa he rerekētanga o ngā hua whakatauira, he pumau te mana putanga. Kei te whakaatuhia hoki te whānuitanga i te Pikitia 24, he parakore te whānuitanga. E tohu ana ēnei hua kāore he wiriwiri-ake e tata ana ki te awhi aukati.
Me hanga me te ine hei manatoko i te tika o te HFS katoa. I tēnei wāhanga, ka hangaia te HFS mā te whakamahi i te hangarau mana rorohiko (CNC) me te diameter taputapu o te 0.1 mm me te tika o te miihini o te 10 μm. Ko te rauemi mō te hanganga auau-teitei e whakaratohia ana e te parahi kawe-teitei kore-hāora (OFHC). E whakaatu ana te Pikitia 25a i te hanganga kua hangaia. Ko te roa o te hanganga katoa he 66.00 mm, he whānui o te 20.00 mm me te teitei o te 8.66 mm. E waru ngā kōhao titi kua tohatohahia huri noa i te hanganga. E whakaatu ana te Pikitia 25b i te hanganga mā te karu hiko matawai (SEM). He rite te hanga o ngā mata o tēnei hanganga, ā, he pai te taratara o te mata. I muri i te ine tika, he iti iho i te 5% te hapa miihini katoa, ā, ko te taratara o te mata he tata ki te 0.4μm. Ka tutuki i te hanganga miihini ngā whakaritenga hoahoa me te tika.
E whakaatu ana te Pikitia 26 i te whakatairite i waenga i ngā hua whakamātautau tuturu me ngā whakatauira o te mahi tuku. Ko te tauranga 1 me te tauranga 2 i te Pikitia 26a e rite ana ki ngā tauranga whakauru me te putanga o te HFS, ā, he rite ki te tauranga 1 me te tauranga 4 i te Pikitia 3. He pai ake ngā hua ine tuturu o S11 i ngā hua whakatauira. I taua wā anō, he kino ake ngā hua ine o te S21. Ko te take pea he teitei rawa te kawe rauemi i whakatakotoria i roto i te whakatauira, ā, he ngoikore te taratara o te mata i muri i te miihini tuturu. I te nuinga, he pai te ōrite o ngā hua ine ki ngā hua whakatauira, ā, e tutuki ana te whānuitanga o te tuku i te whakaritenga o te 70 GHz, e whakamana ana i te whaihua me te tika o te SDV-TWT aratau-rua kua whakaarohia. Nō reira, me te tukanga hanga tuturu me ngā hua whakamātautau, ka taea te whakamahi i te hoahoa SDV-TWT kurupae-rua ultra-whanui kua whakaarohia i roto i tēnei pepa mō ngā hanga me ngā tono o muri mai.
I roto i tēnei pepa, ka whakaatuhia he hoahoa taipitopito o te tohatoha papatahi 220 GHz rua-rama SDV-TWT. Ko te whakakotahitanga o te mahi aratau-rua me te whakaoho rua-rama ka whakanui ake i te whānui o te mahi me te mana putanga. Ka mahia hoki te whakamātautau hanga me te makariri hei manatoko i te tika o te HFS katoa. He pai te ōrite o ngā hua ine tuturu ki ngā hua whakatauira. Mō te EOS rua-rama kua hoahoatia, kua whakamahia ngātahi he wāhanga kopare me ngā irahiko whakahaere hei whakaputa i te hihi pene-rua. I raro i te papa aukume arotahi ōrite kua hoahoatia, ka taea te tuku pumau i te hihi irahiko i runga i ngā tawhiti roa me te āhua pai. I te heke mai, ka mahia te whakaputa me te whakamātautau o te EOS, ā, ka mahia hoki te whakamātautau wera o te TWT katoa. Ko tēnei kaupapa hoahoa SDV-TWT kua whakaarohia i roto i tēnei pepa e whakakotahi katoa ana i te hangarau tukatuka papatahi pakeke o nāianei, ā, e whakaatu ana i te kaha nui i roto i ngā tohu mahi me te tukatuka me te huihuinga. Nō reira, e whakapono ana tēnei pepa ko te hanganga papatahi te mea pea ka noho hei ia whanaketanga o ngā taputapu hiko korehau i roto i te roopu terahertz.
Kua whakaurua te nuinga o ngā raraunga mata me ngā tauira tātari o tēnei rangahau ki roto i tēnei pepa. Tērā pea ka whiwhi atu i ētahi atu kōrero e tika ana mai i te kaituhi e pā ana mēnā he tono tika.
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