Simbi isina ngura haisi yakaoma kushanda nayo, asi kuibatanidza kunoda kunyatsotarisisa zvinhu zvakadzama. Haibvise kupisa sesimbi isina ngura kana aruminiyamu, uye inogona kurasikirwa nekusagadzikana kwengura kana ukaisa kupisa kwakawanda mairi. Maitiro akanakisa anobatsira kuchengetedza kusagadzikana kwayo kwengura. Mufananidzo: Miller Electric
Kusagona ngura kwesimbi isingasvibi kunoita kuti ive sarudzo inokwezva kune akawanda mapombi akakosha, anosanganisira chikafu nechinwiwa chakachena kwazvo, mishonga, midziyo inomanikidza uye petrochemical. Zvisinei, chinhu ichi hachibvise kupisa senge simbi isina kusimba kana aruminiyamu, uye kusungirirwa zvisina kunaka kunogona kuderedza kuramba kwayo ngura. Kushandisa zvakanyanya kupisa uye kushandisa simbi isiriyo yekuzadza zvinhu zviviri zvinokonzera.
Kutevera mamwe maitiro akanakisa ekunamira simbi isingatsvi kunogona kubatsira kuvandudza mhedzisiro uye kuve nechokwadi chekuti simbi inoramba ichidzivirira ngura. Pamusoro pezvo, kuvandudza maitiro ekunamira kunogona kuunza mabhenefiti ekubudirira pasina kukanganisa mhando.
Mukusanganisa simbi isingatsvi, kusarudza simbi yekuzadza kwakakosha pakudzora huwandu hwekabhoni. Simbi dzekuzadza dzinoshandiswa pakusanganisa mapaipi esimbi isingatsvi dzinofanira kuwedzera mashandiro ekubatanidza uye kuzadzisa zvinodiwa pakushandisa.
Tsvaga simbi dzinozadza dzine zita rekuti “L”, dzakadai seER308L, sezvo dzichipa huwandu hwakaderera hwekabhoni hunobatsira kuchengetedza kuramba kwesimbi dzisina kabhoni yakawanda. Kubatanidza simbi dzine kabhoni shoma nesimbi dzinozadza dzakajairwa kunowedzera huwandu hwekabhoni mujoini yakasungirirwa, zvichiwedzera njodzi yekuora. Dzivisa simbi dzinozadza dzakanyorwa ne “H” sezvo idzi dzichipa huwandu hwakawanda hwekabhoni uye dzakagadzirirwa kushandiswa dzinoda simba rakawanda pakupisa kwakakwirira.
Pakusanganisa simbi isingatsvi, zvakakoshawo kusarudza simbi yekuzadza ine huwandu hushoma hwezvinhu (zvinonziwo tsvina). Izvi zvinhu zvakasara muzvinhu zvinoshandiswa kugadzira simbi dzekuzadza, zvinosanganisira antimony, arsenic, phosphorus nesarufa. Zvinogona kukanganisa zvikuru kuramba kwengura kwezvinhu.
Sezvo simbi isingatsvi ichinzwa kupisa zvakanyanya, kugadzirira majoini uye kuungana kwakakodzera kunoita basa guru mukudzora kupisa kuti zvinhu zvirambe zviripo. Nekuda kwenzvimbo dziri pakati pezvikamu kana kusakwana kwakaenzana, tochi inofanira kugara panzvimbo imwe kwenguva yakareba uye simbi yakawanda inodiwa kuti izadze nzvimbo idzodzo. Izvi zvinogona kukonzera kupisa kuungana munzvimbo yakakanganiswa, izvo zvinogona kupisa chikamu zvakanyanya. Kusakwana kwakashata kunogonawo kuita kuti zviomere kuvhara nzvimbo yacho uye kuwana weld inodiwa. Chenjerera kuti zvikamu zvikwane musimbi isingatsvi zvakanyanya sezvinobvira.
Kuchena kwechinhu ichi kwakakoshawo zvikuru. Kusvibiswa kudiki kana tsvina mumajoini akasungirirwa kunogona kukonzera zvikanganiso zvinoderedza simba uye kuramba ngura kwechigadzirwa chekupedzisira. Kuti uchenese substrate usati wabatanidza, shandisa bhurashi resimbi isina ngura risati rashandiswa pasimbi yekabhoni kana aruminiyamu.
Musimbi isingatsvi, kunzwa kwesimba ndicho chikonzero chikuru chekurasikirwa nekusagadzikana kwengura. Izvi zvinogona kuitika kana tembiricha yekuwelding uye mwero wekutonhora zvichichinja zvakanyanya, zvichichinja chimiro chechinhu chacho.
Iyi OD weld papombi yesimbi isingatsvi, yakasungirirwa uchishandisa GMAW uye regulated metal deposition (RMD) isina backflushing ye root pass, yakafanana nechitarisiko uye kunaka kwe welds dzakagadzirwa ne backflushed GTAW.
Chikamu chikuru chekudzivirira ngura kwesimbi isingatsvi ichromium oxide. Asi kana kabhoni iri mu weld yakanyanya kukwira, chromium carbide inoumbwa. Izvi zvinosunga chromium uye zvinodzivirira kuumbwa kwechromium oxide inodiwa, iyo inopa kudzivirira ngura yesimbi isingatsvi. Kana pasina chromium oxide yakakwana, chinhu chacho hachizove nehunhu hwaunoda uye ngura ichaitika.
Kudzivirira kukanganiswa kwesimba kunobva pakusarudza simbi yekuzadza uye kudzora kupisa. Sezvambotaurwa, zvakakosha kusarudza simbi yekuzadza ine kabhoni shoma yekusanganisa simbi isingatsvi. Zvisinei, kabhoni dzimwe nguva inodiwa kuti ipe simba kune mamwe mashandisirwo. Kudzora kupisa kwakakosha zvikuru kana simbi dzekuzadza dzine kabhoni shoma dzisiri sarudzo.
Deredza nguva iyo weld nenzvimbo ine kupisa zvinoramba zviri patembiricha yakakwira—inowanzoonekwa se950 kusvika 1,500 degrees Fahrenheit (500 kusvika 800 degrees Celsius). Kana soldering ikapera kwenguva shoma munzvimbo iyi, ndipo painobva kupisa kushoma. Nguva dzose tarisa uye tarisa tembiricha yepakati peinterpass mukushandisa soldering.
Imwe nzira ndeyekushandisa simbi dzekuzadza dzakagadzirirwa zvinhu zvakaita setitanium ne niobium kudzivirira kuumbwa kwe chromium carbide. Nekuti zvinhu izvi zvinokanganisawo simba nekusimba, simbi idzi dzekuzadza hadzigone kushandiswa mune zvese zvinoshandiswa.
Kubatanidza arc welding yegesi tungsten (GTAW) yemudzi ndiyo nzira yechinyakare yekusanganisa mapaipi esimbi isingatsvi. Izvi zvinowanzoda kusundirwa kweargon kumashure kudzivirira oxidation kumashure kwesimbi iyi. Zvisinei, kushandiswa kwetambo mumataipi esimbi isingatsvi kuri kuramba kuchiwanda. Mukushandiswa uku, zvakakosha kunzwisisa kuti magasi akasiyana-siyana ekudzivirira anokanganisa sei kuramba kwengura kwezvinhu.
Pakusanganisa simbi isina ngura uchishandisa nzira yekubatanidza gas metal arc welding (GMAW), argon necarbon dioxide, musanganiswa weargon neokisijeni, kana musanganiswa wegesi nhatu (helium, argon, necarbon dioxide) unoshandiswa nenzira yechinyakare. Kazhinji, musanganiswa uyu une argon kana helium yakawanda uye isingasviki 5% carbon dioxide, sezvo carbon dioxide ichipa kabhoni mudziva reweld uye inowedzera njodzi yekunzwa. Argon yakachena haikurudzirwi yeGMAW pasimbi isina ngura.
Waya yesimbi isina ngura yakagadzirwa kuti ishande nemusanganiswa wekare we75% argon uye 25% carbon dioxide. Flux ine zvinhu zvakagadzirirwa kudzivirira kabhoni kubva mugasi rinodzivirira kuti isasvibise weld.
Sezvo maitiro eGMAW achinja, akarerutsa kusungirirwa kwemachubhu esimbi isina ngura nemapombi. Kunyange hazvo mamwe mashandisirwo angave achiri kuda maitiro eGTAW, maitiro ewaya epamberi anogona kupa mhando yakafanana uye kugona kwakanyanya mumabasa mazhinji esimbi isina ngura.
Maweld esimbi isina ngura akagadzirwa neGMAW RMD akafanana mumhando uye chitarisiko kune maweld eOD anoenderana nawo.
Kupinda kwemidzi uchishandisa nzira yeGMAW yakachinjwa pfupi yakaita seMiller's Regulated Metal Deposition (RMD) kunobvisa backflushing mune mamwe maapplication esimbi isingatsvedzi. Kupinda kwemidzi yeRMD kunogona kuteverwa nepulsed GMAW kana flux-cored arc welding fill uye cap passes—shanduko inochengetedza nguva nemari zvichienzaniswa nekushandisa GTAW neback-purging, kunyanya pamapombi makuru.
RMD inoshandisa nzira yekufambisa simbi ine mativi mapfupi inodzorwa nemazvo kuti igadzire gomba rakadzikama uye rakagadzikana. Izvi zvinopa mukana mudiki wekudonha kwemvura inotonhora kana kusabatana, kusadira mvura yakawanda uye kuyerera kwemidzi yepombi yemhando yepamusoro. Kufambisa simbi nenzira chaiyo kunoitawo kuti mvura idonhedzeke zvakaenzana uye kudzora dziva rekupinza mvura nekupisa uye kumhanya kwekupinza mvura.
Maitiro asina kujairika anogona kuwedzera kugona kwewelding. Paunenge uchishandisa RMD, kumhanya kwewelding kunogona kuva 6 kusvika 12 in./min. Nekuti maitiro aya anowedzera kugona pasina kuwedzera kupisa kwezvikamu, zvinobatsira kuchengetedza hunhu uye kuramba ngura kwesimbi isingatsvi. Kudzikira kwekupisa kwemaitiro aya kunobatsirawo kudzora kushanduka kwe substrate.
Maitiro aya eGMAW ane pulsed anopa hurefu hupfupi hwe arc, ma arc cones akatetepa uye kupisa kushoma pane kutamiswa kwepulse yespray. Sezvo maitiro acho ari akavharika, kusiyana kwe arc drift uye tip-to-workpiece distances zvinobviswa zvachose. Izvi zvinopa kudzora kuri nyore kwe puddle yekuwelda panzvimbo nekunze kwenzvimbo. Chekupedzisira, kubatanidza pulsed GMAW ye fill and cap bead neRMD ye root bead kunoita kuti maitiro e welding aitwe uchishandisa waya imwe chete negasi rimwe chete, zvichibvisa nguva dzekuchinja maitiro.
Tube & Pipe Journal yakava magazini yekutanga yakatsaurirwa kushandira indasitiri yemapombi esimbi muna 1990. Nhasi uno, ichiri magazini yega muNorth America yakatsaurirwa indasitiri iyi uye yave sosi yeruzivo rwakavimbika kune nyanzvi dzemapombi.
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