Yin walda bututun ƙarfe na bakin ƙarfe da bututun ƙarfe sau da yawa yana buƙatar gogewa da argon lokacin amfani da hanyoyin gargajiya kamar walda gas tungsten arc (GTAW) da walda mai kariya daga ƙarfe (SMAW). Amma farashin gas da lokacin saita tsarin tsaftacewa na iya zama mahimmanci, musamman yayin da diamita da tsayin bututu ke ƙaruwa.
Lokacin walda ƙarfe mai siffa 300, 'yan kwangila za su iya kawar da bugun baya a cikin walda tushen tushen ta hanyar canzawa daga GTAW ko SMAW na gargajiya zuwa ingantaccen tsarin walda, yayin da har yanzu suke samun ingantaccen ingancin walda, kiyaye juriyar tsatsa ga kayan, da kuma cika Takaddun Tsarin Walda (WPS) yana buƙatar tsarin walda ƙarfe mai siffar gas (GMAW). Ingantaccen tsarin GMAW na gajeren zango kuma yana kawo ƙarin fa'idodi a cikin yawan aiki, inganci da sauƙin amfani, yana taimakawa wajen inganta riba.
An fi son ƙarfen bakin ƙarfe saboda juriyarsa ga tsatsa da ƙarfi, ana amfani da ƙarfen bakin ƙarfe a aikace-aikacen bututu da bututu da yawa, gami da mai da iskar gas, sinadarai na petrochemical, da man fetur na biofuels. Duk da cewa ana amfani da GTAW a aikace-aikacen ƙarfe da yawa a aikace-aikacen bakin ƙarfe, yana da wasu rashin amfani waɗanda za a iya magance su ta hanyar ingantaccen tsarin GMAW na gajere.
Na farko, yayin da ƙarancin ƙwararrun masu walda ke ci gaba da ƙaruwa, samun ma'aikata da suka saba da GTAW ƙalubale ne da ke ci gaba da tasowa. Na biyu, GTAW ba shine tsarin walda mafi sauri ba, wanda ke hana kamfanoni neman haɓaka yawan aiki don biyan buƙatun abokan ciniki. Na uku, yana buƙatar ɗaukar lokaci da tsada na bututun ƙarfe mai jure ruwa.
Menene blowback? Purge shine shigar da iskar gas yayin aikin walda don cire gurɓatattun abubuwa da kuma samar da tallafi. Tsaftace bayan walda yana kare bayan walda daga samar da iskar oxygen mai nauyi.
Idan bayan baya ba a kare shi ba yayin walda tushen tushe, lalacewar na iya faruwa. Wannan rugujewar ana kiranta saccharification, wanda aka sanya masa suna saboda yana haifar da saman da yayi kama da sukari a cikin walda. Don hana matsewa, mai walda yana saka bututun iskar gas a ƙarshen bututun kuma yana toshe ƙarshen bututun da madatsar ruwa. Sun kuma ƙirƙiri hanyar iska a ɗayan ƙarshen bututun. Hakanan yawanci suna sanya tef a kusa da buɗewar haɗin gwiwa. Bayan tsaftace bututun, suna cire wani ɓangare na tef a kusa da haɗin gwiwa kuma suna fara walda, suna maimaita tsarin cirewa da walda har sai an kammala tushen dutsen.
A kawar da matsalar rashin aiki. Rage gudu zai iya kashe lokaci da kuɗi mai yawa, a wasu lokutan kuma a ƙara dubban daloli ga aikin. Sauyawar zuwa ingantaccen tsarin GMAW na ɗan gajeren lokaci ya ba kamfanin damar kammala rabe-raben tushe ba tare da an yi amfani da shi a aikace-aikacen ƙarfe da yawa ba. Aikace-aikacen walda don rabe-raben ƙarfe masu jerin 300 sun dace da wannan, yayin da aikace-aikacen walda don rabe-raben ƙarfe masu tsabta a halin yanzu suna buƙatar GTAW don rabe-raben tushe.
Rage shigar zafi ƙasa gwargwadon iko yana taimakawa wajen kiyaye juriyar tsatsa na kayan aikin. Rage adadin wucewar walda hanya ce ɗaya ta rage shigar zafi. Ingantattun hanyoyin GMAW na ɗan gajeren lokaci, kamar Regulated Metal Deposition (RMD®), suna amfani da canja wurin ƙarfe daidai don samar da ajiyar ɗigon ruwa iri ɗaya. Wannan yana sauƙaƙa wa mai walda ya sarrafa kududdufin walda, wanda hakan ke sarrafa shigar zafi da saurin walda. Ƙaramin shigar zafi yana bawa kududdufin walda damar daskarewa da sauri.
Tare da sarrafa canja wurin ƙarfe da sauri da kuma daskarewar wurin walda, wurin walda ba ya da ƙarfi sosai kuma iskar gas mai kariya tana barin bindigar GMAW ba tare da wata matsala ba. Wannan yana ba da damar iskar kariya ta ratsa ta cikin tushen da aka buɗe, yana kawar da yanayi da kuma hana saccharification ko oxidation a bayan walda. Wannan rufewar iskar gas yana ɗaukar ɗan gajeren lokaci ne kawai saboda kududdufai suna daskarewa da sauri.
Gwaji ya nuna cewa tsarin GMAW na gajeren zango da aka gyara ya cika ƙa'idodin ingancin walda yayin da yake kiyaye juriyar tsatsa na bakin ƙarfe kamar lokacin da aka haɗa tushen dutsen da GTAW.
Sauyin tsarin walda yana buƙatar kamfani ya sake tabbatar da WPS ɗinsa, amma irin wannan canjin zai iya samar da babban riba da tanadin kuɗi don sabbin ayyukan masana'antu da gyara.
Walda a buɗe ta hanyar amfani da ingantaccen tsarin GMAW na ɗan gajeren lokaci yana ba da ƙarin fa'idodi a cikin yawan aiki, inganci da horar da masu walda. Waɗannan sun haɗa da:
Yana kawar da yuwuwar samun tashoshin zafi sakamakon samun damar saka ƙarin ƙarfe don ƙara kauri na tushen hanyar.
Kyakkyawan haƙuri ga manyan da ƙananan kurakurai tsakanin sassan bututu. Saboda sauƙin canja wurin ƙarfe, tsarin zai iya cike gibin har zuwa inci 3/16 cikin sauƙi.
Tsawon baka yana daidai da juna ba tare da la'akari da tsawaitawar lantarki ba, wanda ke rama wa masu aiki waɗanda ke fama da tsawaitawa akai-akai. Ruwan walda mai sauƙin sarrafawa da canja wurin ƙarfe mai daidaito na iya rage lokacin horo ga sabbin masu walda.
Rage lokacin aiki don sauya tsarin aiki. Ana iya amfani da waya da iskar gas iri ɗaya don hanyoyin tushe, cikawa da murfi. Ana iya amfani da tsarin GMAW mai pulsed muddin an cika tashoshin kuma an rufe su da iskar argon mai kariyar akalla kashi 80%.
Ga ayyukan da ke neman kawar da koma-baya a aikace-aikacen bakin karfe, yana da mahimmanci a bi mahimman shawarwari guda biyar don samun nasara yayin canzawa zuwa tsarin GMAW mai gyara na ɗan gajeren lokaci.
Tsaftace ciki da wajen bututun domin cire duk wani gurɓataccen abu. Yi amfani da goga mai waya da aka ƙera don bakin ƙarfe don tsaftace bayan haɗin gwiwa aƙalla inci 1 daga gefen.
Yi amfani da ƙarfe mai cike bakin ƙarfe mai yawan silicon, kamar 316LSi ko 308LSi. Yawan sinadarin silicon yana taimakawa wajen jika wurin walda kuma yana aiki azaman mai cire oxidizer.
Don samun ingantaccen aiki, yi amfani da cakuda iskar gas mai kariya wanda aka tsara musamman don aikin, kamar kashi 90% na helium, kashi 7.5% na argon, da kashi 2.5% na carbon dioxide. Wani zaɓi kuma shine kashi 98% na argon da kashi 2% na carbon dioxide. Mai samar da iskar gas mai walda na iya samun wasu shawarwari.
Domin samun sakamako mafi kyau, yi amfani da ƙugiya mai kauri da bututun feshi don haɗa tushen iskar gas don gano wurin da iskar gas za ta iya shiga. Bututun feshi mai siffar mazugi tare da na'urar watsa gas a ciki yana ba da kyakkyawan kariya.
Lura cewa amfani da tsarin GMAW mai gajeren zango wanda aka gyara ba tare da iskar gas ba yana samar da ƙaramin adadi a bayan walda. Wannan yawanci yana lalacewa yayin da walda ke sanyaya kuma ya cika ƙa'idodin inganci don amfani da mai, tashar wutar lantarki da man fetur.
Jim Byrne Manajan Tallace-tallace da Aikace-aikace ne na Miller Electric Mfg. LLC, 1635 W. Spencer St., Appleton, WI 54912, 920-734-9821, www.millerwelds.com.
Jaridar Tube & Pipe ta zama mujallar farko da aka keɓe don hidimar masana'antar bututun ƙarfe a shekarar 1990. A yau, ita ce kawai mujallar da aka keɓe ga masana'antar kuma ta zama tushen bayanai mafi aminci ga ƙwararrun bututu.
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