Gusudira imiyoboro y'icyuma kidashonga akenshi bisaba gusukura inyuma ukoresheje argon iyo ukoresha uburyo gakondo nka gaz tungsten arc welding (GTAW) na shielded metal arc welding (SMAW). Ariko ikiguzi cya gaze n'igihe cyo gushyiraho uburyo bwo gusukura bishobora kuba ingenzi, cyane cyane ko uburebure n'umurambararo by'imiyoboro byiyongera.
Mu gusudira ibyuma 300 bita stainless steel, ba rwiyemezamirimo bashobora gukuraho uburyo bwo gusudira mu miyoboro y’amazi ifunguye bakoresheje uburyo bwo gusudira bunoze, bakava kuri GTAW cyangwa SMAW isanzwe bakajya kuri gahunda yo gusudira inoze, mu gihe bakomeza kugera ku bwiza bwo gusudira, bagakomeza kurwanya ingese, kandi bakubahiriza imiterere ya gahunda yo gusudira (WPS) bisaba uburyo bwo gusudira ibyuma bitagira umupaka (GMAW). Uburyo bwo gusudira ibyuma bitagira umupaka bunoze bwa GMAW buzana inyungu zindi mu musaruro, imikorere myiza no koroshya ikoreshwa, bigafasha mu kunoza inyungu.
Kubera ko zikunda kwangirika no gukomera, ibyuma bitagira umugese bikoreshwa mu miyoboro myinshi n'imiyoboro, harimo peteroli na gaze, peteroli, na lisansi bikomoka kuri peteroli. Nubwo GTAW yakunze gukoreshwa mu miyoboro myinshi y'ibyuma bitagira umugese, ifite ingaruka mbi zishobora gukemurwa no kunoza GMAW.
Ubwa mbere, mu gihe ikibazo cy’ubuke bw’abasudira b’abahanga gikomeje kwiyongera, kubona abakozi bazi GTAW ni ikibazo gikomeje. Icya kabiri, GTAW si yo nzira yihuse yo gusudira, ibi bikaba bibangamira amasosiyete ashaka kongera umusaruro kugira ngo ahuze ibyifuzo by’abakiriya. Icya gatatu, bisaba gusudira imiyoboro y’icyuma gifata igihe kinini kandi gihenze.
Gusubiza inyuma ni iki? Gusukura ni ukwinjiza gaze mu gihe cyo gusudira kugira ngo ukureho imyanda no gutanga ubufasha. Gusukura inyuma birinda inyuma y'umusudi gukora ogisijeni iremereye mu gihe hari ogisijeni.
Iyo inyuma idakingiwe mu gihe cyo gusudira imizi y’imiyoboro y’amazi, bishobora kwangirika ku gice cy’ubutaka. Uku kwangirika kwitwa saccharification, byitwa gutyo kuko bituma habaho ubuso busa n’isukari imbere mu gusudira. Kugira ngo hirindwe gusya, usudira ashyira umuyoboro wa gazi mu mpera imwe y’umuyoboro hanyuma agafunga impera y’umuyoboro akoresheje uruzitiro rwo gusukura. Banakoze umwobo ku rundi ruhande rw’umuyoboro. Akenshi banashyira kaseti ku mwenge w’ingingo. Nyuma yo gusukura umuyoboro, bakuraho igice cya kaseti ku mfuruka maze batangira gusudira, basubiramo inzira yo gukuramo no gusudira kugeza igihe ishashi y’imizi irangiye.
Kuraho uburyo bwo gusimbuza. Gusimbuza bishobora gutwara igihe kinini n'amafaranga menshi, rimwe na rimwe byongera ibihumbi by'amadolari kuri uyu mushinga. Impinduka mu nzira nziza ya GMAW yo gukoresha amashanyarazi make byatumye ikigo kirangiza inzira z'imizi zidasimbutse mu buryo bunyuranye. Gusimbuza ibyuma 300 bya seriveri birakwiriye kuri ibi, mu gihe gukoresha uburyo bwo gusudira ibyuma 300 bya seriveri bya seriveri bifite isuku nyinshi muri iki gihe bisaba GTAW kugira ngo inzira y'imizi isimbuke.
Gukomeza gukoresha ubushyuhe buri hasi uko bishoboka kose bifasha mu kubungabunga ubukana bw'ingufu z'ibikoresho. Kugabanya umubare w'ingufu zikoreshwa mu gusudira ni bumwe mu buryo bwo kugabanya uburyo ubushyuhe bukoreshwa mu gusudira. Uburyo bwiza bwa GMAW bwo gusudira buhoro buhoro, nka Regulated Metal Deposition (RMD®), bukoresha uburyo bwo kohereza icyuma bugenzurwa neza kugira ngo butange uburyo bumwe bwo gushyiramo ibitonyanga. Ibi byorohereza umusudi kugenzura ikidendezi cy'ubushuhe, ari nabyo bigenzura uburyo ubushyuhe bukoreshwa n'umuvuduko wo gusudira. Ubushyuhe buke butuma ikidendezi cy'ubushuhe gikonja vuba.
Iyo icyuma gishyirwa mu buryo bugenzurwa kandi kikagira ubukonje bwihuse mu kidendezi, ikidendezi cyo gusimbuza ntigitera umuvuduko mwinshi kandi umwuka urinda utuma imbunda ya GMAW idahungabana cyane. Ibi bituma umwuka urinda unyura mu mizi y’amazi, bigakuraho ikirere kandi bikarinda ko umwuka usohoka cyangwa ukongera kuzura inyuma y’ikidendezi. Iyi myanda ifata igihe gito kuko ibidendezi bikonja vuba cyane.
Isuzuma ryagaragaje ko uburyo bwahinduwe bwa GMAW bwo gusimbuka igihe gito bwujuje ibisabwa mu gusudira, mu gihe bukomeza kurwanya ingese nk'uko byari bimeze igihe ikirahure cy'umuzi cyasukwaga na GTAW.
Impinduka mu nzira yo gusudira isaba ko ikigo gisubiramo WPS yacyo, ariko iyo mpinduka ishobora gutanga inyungu nyinshi ku gihe no kuzigama amafaranga akoreshwa mu gukora no gusana.
Gusudira imiyoboro y'amazi hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa GMAW bugezweho butanga inyungu z'inyongera mu musaruro, imikorere myiza no guhugura abasudira. Ibi birimo:
Bikuraho ubushobozi bwo gushyuha bitewe no kuba ushobora gushyiramo ibyuma byinshi kugira ngo wongere ubunini bw'umuyoboro w'imizi.
Ihangana neza cyane ku buryo ibice by'imiyoboro bitagenda neza kandi bike. Bitewe n'uburyo icyuma gikoresha, iyi nzira ishobora kuziba icyuho cya santimetero 1.5.
Uburebure bw'umurambararo burahindagurika hatitawe ku kwaguka kwa electrode, ibi bikaba bifasha abakora akazi bagorwa no gukomeza kwaguka guhoraho. Ikidendezi cyoroshye kugenzura no kohereza icyuma mu buryo buhoraho bishobora kugabanya igihe cyo guhugura abasudira bashya.
Gabanya igihe cyo kudakora neza kw'impinduka mu mikorere. Insinga imwe na gaze yo kurinda ishobora gukoreshwa ku miyoboro y'imizi, kuzuza no gupfundikira. Uburyo bwa GMAW bukoreshwa mu gihe imiyoboro yuzuye kandi igapfundikirwa na gaze yo kurinda ya argon ifite nibura 80%.
Ku bikorwa bigamije gukuraho gushyushya inyuma mu byuma bitagira umugese, ni ngombwa gukurikiza inama eshanu z'ingenzi kugira ngo ugire icyo ugeraho mu gihe uhinduriye inzira ya GMAW yahinduwe.
Sukura imbere n'inyuma by'imiyoboro kugira ngo ukureho umwanda uwo ari wo wose. Koresha uburoso bw'icyuma cyagenewe icyuma kitagira umugese kugira ngo usukure inyuma y'aho ipfundikirwa nibura santimetero 1 uvuye ku nkengero.
Koresha icyuma gifunga icyuma kitagira umugese gifite silikoni nyinshi, nka 316LSi cyangwa 308LSi. Silikoni nyinshi ifasha mu kunywesha pisine kandi igakora nk'umuti ugabanya ubushyuhe.
Kugira ngo ubone umusaruro mwiza, koresha uruvange rwa gaze ikingira yagenewe umwihariko, nka heliyumu 90%, argon 7.5%, na dioxyde de carbone 2.5%. Ubundi buryo ni 98% argon na dioxyde de carbone 2%. Utanga gaze ikoresha ubushyuhe ashobora kugira izindi nama.
Kugira ngo ubone umusaruro mwiza, koresha umutwe n'umunwa utose kugira ngo ushyire imizi y'umuyoboro kugira ngo umenye aho umwuka utwikiriye. Umunwa w'umunwa ufite icyuma gikwirakwiza umwuka wubatswemo utanga ubwiza bwiza.
Menya ko gukoresha uburyo bwa GMAW bwo gusimbuka buhoro buhoro nta gaze isubiza inyuma bitanga ubunini buke inyuma y’ubusoda. Ibi akenshi biragabanuka iyo ubusoda bukonje kandi bwujuje ibisabwa ku bicuruzwa bya peteroli, uruganda rw’amashanyarazi n’ibikomoka kuri peteroli.
Jim Byrne ni Umuyobozi ushinzwe kugurisha no gusaba serivisi muri Miller Electric Mfg. LLC, 1635 W. Spencer St., Appleton, WI 54912, 920-734-9821, www.millerwelds.com.
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