Xusuusin Tifaftiraha: Annually.Mining Engineering wuxuu leeyahay dib u eegista macdanta warshadaha
Rajesh Raitani waa xubin SME ee Cytec Industries Inc. wuxuuna madax u yahay Guddiga Farsamada ee Qeybta Macdanta Warshadaha iyo Isku-darka.
Caawimadoodu waxay suurtagelisay arrinta Macdanta Warshadaha ee Juulay. Anigoo ku hadlaya magaca akhristayaasha, tafatirayaashu way u mahadcelinayaan.
Afar shirkadood - HC Spinks Clay Co., Inc., Imerys.Old Hickory Clay Co. iyo Unimin Corp. - dhoobada kubbadda macdanta ee afar gobol 2013. Sida laga soo xigtay xogta hordhaca ah, wax soo saarka waa 1 metric ton (1.1 million tons gaaban) oo lagu qiyaasay qiimaha $ 47 million. Wax soo saarka ayaa kordhay 3 boqolkiiba gaaban ilaa 9.1 oo lagu qiimeeyay $45.1 million. Tennessee waa hormuudka wax soo saarka, xisaabinta 64% ee wax soo saarka gudaha, oo ay ku xigto Texas.Mississippi iyo Kentucky. Qiyaastii 67% wadarta wax soo saarka kubbadda dhoobada waa sabbaynaya hawada, 22% waa dhoobo aan qallafsanayn ama la jajabiyey, iyo 11% waa slurry biyaha.
2013, soosaarayaasha dhoobada kubbadda gudaha waxay ka iibiyeen dhoobada suuqyada soo socda: dhoobada dhoobada iyo derbiyada (44%); dhoofinta (21%); alaabta nadaafadda (18%); dhoobada kala duwan (9%); isticmaalka dhamaadka 2012 Mode iyo suuqa hadda, buuxinta, fidiyeyaasha iyo xirayaasha iyo isticmaalka aan la cayimin (4% kasta) .Suuqyada kale waxay xisaabiyaan wax ka yar 1% dhoobada kubbadda haray ee la iibiyay ama la isticmaalay. Iibka ayaa lagu soo warramey soo saarista fiberglass ama inta badan buuxinta, buuxinta iyo codsiyada binder waxay u badan tahay inay noqdaan kaolin dhoobo ah oo dhoobo ah ama ay iibsadeen soo saarayaasha kubbadda.
Marka loo eego sahan horudhac ah oo lagu sameeyay dhoobada kubbadda gudaha, celceliska qiimaha dhoobada gudaha wuxuu ahaa qiyaastii US $ 47 / t ($ 43 / t) 2013, marka la barbar dhigo US $ 46 / t ($ 42 / t) ee 2012. Qiimaha cutubyada dhoofinta iyo soo dejinta dhoobada waxay ahaayeen $ 126 / t ($ 114 / st) iyo $ 373 / st ($ 3 marka la barbar dhigo $ 3) $62/t ($56/st) iyo $314/t ($285/st) ee 2013) ee 2012, siday u kala horreeyaan.Qiimaha halbeegga inta badan dhoofinta bulk ayaa kordhay 2013, shixnadaha dhoofinta yar-yar, qiimaha sarreeya ayaa labanlaabmay 2013 marka la barbar dhigo 2012, taasoo keentay in qiimaha dhoofinta uu hooseeyo. shixnadaha 2013 ayaa ku xisaabtamay korodhka qiimaha soo dejinta.
Sida laga soo xigtay Xafiiska Tirakoobka Mareykanka, 4,681 tan (516 tan) oo dhoobo kubbad ah ayaa la soo dhoofiyay 2013, oo lagu qiimeeyay $174,000, marka la barbar dhigo 436 tan (481 tan) oo qiimaheedu yahay $137,000 sanadkii 2012. Inta badan dhoobada kubbadda ayaa laga keenay Boqortooyada Ingiriiska. Xafiiska Tirakoobka Mareykanka ayaa sheegay in dhoofinta 2013 ay ahaayeen 52.2 carats (57,500 gaaban ton) oo qiimahoodu yahay $6.6 milyan, marka la barbar dhigo 74 carats (81.600 tan) 2012, lagu qiimeeyay $4.58 milyan. Boqolkiiba dhoofinta dhoobada kubbadda Mareykanka waxay caadi ahaan soo sheegaan laba ilaa saddex jeer in ka badan dhoofinta sida Xafiiska Tirakoobka Mareykanka. Sida laga soo xigtay tirakoobyada ganacsiga ee soo dejinta ee ay daabacday Wasaaradda Dhaqaalaha Mexico, dhoofinta dhoobada kubbadda ee tan la taaban karo ee laga soo raro Mareykanka ilaa Mexico waxaa loo kala saari karaa kaolin.
Aragtida warshadaha dhoobada kubbadda ayaa ah korodhka iibka iyada oo dhaqaalaha Maraykanku uu sii wado inuu ka soo kabsado hoos u dhaca.In 2013, dhismaha ganacsiga iyo hawlaha dhismaha guryaha ayaa muhiim u ah iibinta dhoobada dhoobada sababtoo ah isticmaalka alaabta dhoobada dhoobada iyo fayadhowrka. korodhka.Qiimaha guryaha la deggan yahay iyo kuwa aan deganayn ee la dhamaystiray 2013 ayaa kordhay 5 boqolkiiba ilaa $898 bilyan laga soo bilaabo $857 bilyan ee 2012. Intaa waxaa dheer, arrimaha la wareegidda ayaa lagu xalliyaa qaybo badan oo ka mid ah Maraykanka, taas oo yaraynaysa tirada guryaha bannaan ee suuqa.In kasta oo horumarintaas, guriyeynta bilawga ah ayaa weli ka hooseeya heerarka hoos u dhaca ka hor.
Iibinta gudaha ee dhoobada kubbadda waxaa sidoo kale saameeya soo dejinta alaabada dhoobada ku salaysan sida tiles iyo alaabta nadaafadda.In 2013, soo dejinta foornada ayaa hoos uga dhacay $62.1 milyan 5.86 mitir oo laba jibbaaran (63.1 milyan cagood oo laba jibbaaran) 2012 ilaa 5.58 mitir laba jibaaran (60.1 milyan cagood oo laba jibbaaran) oo qiimihiisu yahay $64.7 milyan sida uu sheegayo Harmon coderi. 6907.10.00, 6908.10.10, 6908.10.20, 6908.10.50 Sida hoos u dhaca ee mugga, Shiinaha (22%); Mexico (21%); Talyaaniga iyo Turkiga (10% midkiiba); Brazil (7%); Colombia, Peru iyo Spain (5% midkiiba) . Soo dejinta alaabada fayadhowrka ayaa kordhay 25.2 milyan 2012 ilaa 29.7 milyan 2013. Shiinaha ayaa ku xisaabtamay 14.7 milyan (49%) ee agabka fayadhowrka Mareykanka ee 2013, iyo Mexico 11.6 milyan (39%). marka loo eego kuwa Shiinaha, sida kuwa wax soo saarka ee Maraykanku ay yihiin alaab-qeybiyeyaasha kubbadda kubbadda ee warshadaha dhoobada Mexico. Kororka dhaqdhaqaaqa dhismaha ayaa soo jeedinaya in kobaca iibka dhoobada gudaha ee 2014 laga yaabo inuu la mid yahay 2013. *
Ku dhawaad ​​dhammaan bauxite ee laga isticmaalo Maraykanka waa la soo dhoofiyaa.Alabama, Arkansas, iyo Georgia waxay soo saaraan xaddi yar oo bauxite iyo dhoobo bauxite ah oo loogu talagalay isticmaalka aan birta ahayn.
Metallurgical fasalka bauxite (qalalan qallafsan) soo dejinta wadar ahaan 9.8 metric tonnes (10.1 milyan heerka caadiga ah) ee 2013, 5% hoos u dhac ku yimid 2012. Jamaica (48%). Guinea (26%) iyo Brazil (25%) ahaayeen alaab-qeybiyeyaal ugu sarreeya ee Maraykanka 223-31 rat. (144,400 oo tan gaaban) bauxite calcined darajada refractory waa la soo dejiyay, koror 58% sanadba sanadka ka dambeeya.
Soo dejinta ee bauxite darajada refractory kordhay marka la barbar dhigo 2012, taasoo keentay in buuxinta alaabooyinka sida dhoofinta bauxite-ku salaysan wax soo saarka refractory hoos u dhacay marka la barbar dhigo 2012. Wax soo saarka birta gudaha, taas oo ah isticmaalka ugu weyn ee alaabta refractory bauxite ku salaysan, hoos u dhac ku saabsan 2% in 202014. (44%) waa ilaha ugu muhiimsan ee soo dejinta bauxite-ka refractory ee Maraykanka.
Soo dejinta ee bauxite fasalka non-refractory wadar ahaan 455 carats (501,500 ton gaaban) ee 2013, a 40% korodhay in ka badan 2012 soo dejinta. Kobaca waxaa loo aaneeyey in isticmaalka bauxite ee sibidhka, warshadaha saliidda sida proppant for hydraulic soo saaraha, Brazil83% iyo Guyana, Australia (20%) ayaa ahaa ilaha ugu muhiimsan.
Sannadkii 2013, Maraykanku waxa uu dhoofiyay 9-carat (9,900 st) refractory class calcined bauxite, 40% ayaa kordhay dhoofinta 2012, Canada (72%) iyo Mexico (7%) meelaha ugu muhiimsan (14,300 oo tan gaaban) ee 2012. dhoofinta bauxite qallalan ee qallafsan waxay dhammaatay ku dhawaad ​​4,000 tan (4,400 oo tan gaaban), 59% ayaa hoos u dhacay dhoofinta 2012, iyadoo Kanada (82%) ay tahay meesha ugu weyn.
Wax soo saarka alumina ee gudaha waxaa lagu qiyaasay 4.1 metric tons (4.6 million tons short ton) 2013, hoos 7% laga soo bilaabo 2012. Hoos u dhaca ayaa sabab u ah wax soo saarka hoose ee Ormet Corp. waxaa laga iibiyay Almatis GmbH oo dib loo bilaabay bartamihii Disembar.
Wadarta guud ee alumina soo dejinta ee 2013 waxay ahaayeen 2.05 metrik ton (2.26 milyan oo tan caadiga ah), 8% ayaa kordhay 2012 alumina soo dejinta. Australia (37%), Suriname (35%) iyo Brazil (12%) ayaa ahaa ilaha ugu muhiimsan 27% ayaa kordhay dhoofinta 2012. Waxaa ka mid ah, Kanada (35%), Masar (17%) iyo Iceland (13%) ayaa ah meelaha ugu muhiimsan.
Wadarta guud ee isticmaalka bauxite ee gudaha (oo ku salaysan qalalan cayriin oo u dhigma) 2013 ayaa lagu qiyaasay 9.8 mt (10.1 milyan oo tan caadiga ah), 2% ka sarreeya 2012. Tani, qiyaastii 8.8 metric tons (9.1 million tons standard) ayaa loo isticmaalay in lagu soo saaro alumina.6% ka hooseeya isticmaalka sanadii hore. kiimikooyinka iyo refractories, iyo sidoo kale warshadaha saliida, wax soo saarka birta iyo daaweynta biyaha.
Wadarta guud ee isticmaalka alumina gudaha ee warshadaha aluminium ee 2013 waxay ahayd 3.89 metrik ton (4.29 milyan oo tan caadiga ah), hoos u dhaca 6% ee 2012. waxaa ka mid ah abrasives, sibidhka, ceramics iyo kiimikooyinka.
Qiimaha bauxite ee la soo dejiyo iyo kuwa la dhoofiyo way ku kala duwan yihiin isha, halka loo socdo iyo darajada. Qiimaha unugga ee darajada refractory calcined bauxite ee laga keenay ilo waaweyn 2013 waxay ahaayeen $813/t ($737/st) Brazil (ilaa 5%) iyo $480/t ($435/st) Shiinaha (wax yar hoos uga dhacay) iyo $441 ($441)
Qiimaha bauxite-ka aan dib-u-celinta lahayn ee laga keeno ilo waaweyn waxay u dhexeeyaan $56/t ($51/st) Australia (hoos u dhacay 20%) ilaa $65/t ($59/st) Giriiga (ilaa 12%) sannadkii 2013 aluminada la soo dhoofiyo ee 2013 waxay ahayd $396/t ($359/st), 3% ka hooseeya 2012 2012. Celceliska qiimaha alumina ee laga dhoofiyo Maraykanka ayaa hoos u dhacay 11% ilaa $400 sanadkii 2013 marka loo eego 2012 qiimaha /t ($363/st).
Qiimaha aluminiumku wuxuu sii socday 2013 ilaa rubuca hore ee 2014. Qiimaha aluminiumka hooseeya iyo kharashka korontada sare ayaa lagu sheegay sababaha xiritaanka mid ka mid ah aluminium aluminium aasaasiga ah ee 2013 iyo ku dhawaaqida xiritaanka aluminium kale oo aluminium ah rubuci hore ee 2014. Tamarta Cusub Dhammaadka 20120 iyo bilawga mulkiilayaasha aluminium ee aasaasiga ah 4. Alaab-qeybiyeyaashu waxay gaadheen heshiisyo koronto. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, mulkiilayaasha laba kale oo dhar-miiraya ayaa isku dayaya inay ka wada xaajoodaan heshiisyada korontada si ay hoos ugu dhigaan qiimaha korontada.
Inkasta oo qiimaha aluminiumku uu xasiliyay rubuci hore ee 2014, baahida alumina waxay ku xirnaan doontaa heshiisyada tamarta cusub ee cusub ee qaar ka mid ah smelters. Halka qiimaha gaaska dabiiciga ah ee Maraykanku uu sii waday inuu kordho sannadkii la soo dhaafay, qiimaha hooseeya ayaa la filayaa inuu sii wado bixinta faa'iidooyinka kharashka ee guryaha alumina ee 2014.
Soo dejinta ee bauxite calcined heerka refractory ayaa la filayaa in ay ku xiran tahay wax soo saarka birta, laakiin bedelida birta leh aluminium by automakers si loo hagaajiyo waxtarka shidaalka hoos u dhigi kartaa baahida loo qabo birta iyo alaabta refractory for steelmaking.The isticmaalka ee fasalka non-refractory calcined bauxite ayaa la filayaa in ay kordho in 2014 sida batroolka ah jajabka sii isticmaali, sibractsid warshadaha.
2013, warshadaha bentonite waxba iskama bedelin laga bilaabo 2012. Wadarta wax soo saarka US iyo iibku waxay ahaayeen 4.95 metric tons (5.4 million metric tons), marka la barbar dhigo 4.98 metric tons (5.5 million metric tons) ee 2012. Wax soo saarka bentonite la balaariyay, waxaa ku xiga Utah iyo Wyoming by Utah Montana.Texas.california.Oregon.Nevada iyo Colorado.Sannadkii 2011, ka soo kabashada hoos-u-dhacii Maraykanka iyo adduunku (2007-2009) waxay u muuqdeen kuwo dhammaystiran. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, wax-soo-saarka guryaynta iyo isticmaalka dhismaha bentonite ee la xidhiidha ayaa ugu dambayntii bilaabay inay soo kabtaan. Waqooyiga Ameerika (US iyo Kanada), bararka soodhiyamka bentonite-ka, kalsiyumku waxay ku xisaabtamaan boqolkiiba 7. guud ahaan suuqa bentonite.Waxsoosaarka bentonite-ka ee aan ballaarin wuxuu ka dhacaa Alabama, Mississippi, Arizona, California iyo Nevada. Isticmaalka ugu muhiimsan ee bentonite-ka ee aan ballaarin waa xirmooyinka ciidda cawska, daaweynta biyaha iyo sifeynta.
Adduunka oo dhan, soo saaraha ugu weyn ee sodium activated bentonite waa Greece.China, Masar iyo India.AMCOL (hore American Colloid Co.) ayaa weli ah hormuudka soo saaraha soodhiyam bentonite oo ku saabsan 40% suuqa saamiyada, halka BPM Minerals LLC (a Halliburton subsidiary) uu leeyahay oo ku saabsan 30% US saamiyada suuqa madow. Wyo-Ben. Wax soosaarayaal cusub oo bentonite ah oo bilaabay dhismaha 2013.
Qodista heerka Bentonite ee qodista saliida iyo gaaska iyo soo kabashada ayaa ahayd isticmaalka ugu weyn ee bentonite la balaariyay 2013, soo saarista ku dhawaad ​​1.15 metric tons (1.26 milyan oo tan gaaban).
Suuqa nuugaya qashinka xaywaanka ee la dubay ayaa ah suuqa labaad ee ugu wayn ee bentonite oo balaariyay 1.05 metrik ton (1.15 milyan metric ton) sanadka 2013 mt).
Pellets-ka macdanta birta ee bentonite ee la balaariyay ayaa ahaa suuqa saddexaad ee ugu weyn, oo koray ilaa 550 kilotons (606.000 tan gaaban) sanadkii 2013 iyadoo baahida birta ay kor u kacday soosaarka baabuurta iyo qalabka culus ee Mareykanka.
Laga soo bilaabo 2011, celceliska cadadka bentonite ee la balaariyay ee loo isticmaalo sida binder ee ciid aasaaska birta iyo biraha kale ayaa ka badan 500 carats (550,000 oo tan gaaban).
Suuqa bentonite ee codsiyada injineernimada madaniga ah, oo si gaar ah loo kala soocay 2005, wuxuu ahaa 175 carats (192,000 oo tan gaaban), taas oo muujinaysa in suuqa uu bilaabay inuu ka soo kabsado hoos u dhacii 2008. The waterproofing iyo shaabadeynta suuqa bentonite ayaa sii waday in ay la koraan warshadaha dhismaha ka dib hoos u dhaca Maraykanka, gaarey 1650 baabuur gaaban 2013.Suuqa loogu talagalay bentonites yar yar oo la ballaariyay oo loogu talagalay xabagta, quudinta xoolaha, buuxinta iyo buuxinta, iyo codsiyada kale guud ahaan kama soo kabsan hoos u dhaca 2008.
Qayb yar oo ka mid ah suuqa bentonite waxay ku takhasustay cabitaanka iyo caddaynta khamriga iyo wax soo saarka organoclay.AMCOL, Alaabooyinka Koonfurta Clay, Sud Chemie iyo Elementis Specialties Inc. ayaa ku raad jooga suuqa nanocomposite bentonite. waxay sii wadaa inay soo saarto wax soo saarka organoclay ee qiimaha jaban sida Bentone 910, Bentone 920 iyo Bentone 990 ee dareerayaasha qodista saliidda.
Tan iyo hoos u dhacii caalamiga ahaa ee 2008dii, sarifka dollarka maraykanka waxa uu ka caawiyay bararka dhoofinta bentonite.Sannadkii 2013, wax soosaarayaasha bentonite ee gudaha ayaa sheegay in la dhoofiyay 950 carats (1.05 million tons short ton) oo bentonite ah si loo qodo dhoobada, sanduuqyada ciid cawska ah iyo suuqyo kale oo kala duwan oo laga keeno Canada. Giriiga
Bismuth waa curiye ka culus kiimikaad la xidhiidha antimony.Waa wax soo saarka rasaasta iyo tungsten soo saarista,iyo ilaa xad ka yar copper iyo tin.Antimony waa curiye kiimikaad fudud.Waa qayb ka mid ah soo saarista biraha sida rasaasta, qalinka iyo dahabka. Isticmaalka ugu weyn ee bismuth iyo antimony waa isku dhafan.
Iskudhisyada bismuth iyo antimony iyo isticmaalka aan biraha ahayn ee la xidhiidha ayaa xisaabiya inta badan isticmaalka walxahan kiimikaad
Kooxda ugu weyn ee isticmaalka dhamaadka bismuth waa kooxda kiimikaad, oo ay ku jiraan dawooyinka sida Pepto Bismol (bismuth subsalicylate), qurxinta indhaha oo leh saameyn luul ah (bismuth oxychloride), kicinta, iyo isticmaalka kiimikada kale sida rinji (Bismuth Vanadate Yellow).
Kooxda soo socota ee ugu muhiimsan ee isticmaalka dhamaadka bismuth waa kooxda lagu daro metallurgical, kuwaas oo ka kooban ka hortagtaa crystallization ee graphite ka carbon supersaturated birta dhalaalaysa, kor machining lacag la'aana ee birta, copper iyo aluminium, iyo kor u daahan uniform in galvanizing.For dhammaan codsiyada kooxdan wax lagu daro, bismuth ma dhaqmaan sida wakiilka alloying ah, laakiin halkii u dhaqmaan sida wakiilka Alloying ah, laakiin halkii u dhaqmo sida a falcelin gaar ah. Properties.Steel waxay u baahan tahay kaliya 0.1% bismuth ama selenium si loo mashiinada wanaagsan.Marka la barbar dhigo kooxahan dhamaadka-isticmaalka, kooxda bismuth aluminium waxay ku xisaabtamaysaa qadar yar oo bismuth ah waxaana loo isticmaalaa alaabo fusible ah, alloys kale oo hooseeya oo dhalaalaysa, iyo rasaas.
Isticmaalka ugu weyn ee antimony waa sida ololka dabka, inta badan daaweynta balaastigga, xabagta iyo dunta. Antimony oxide waxay leedahay door gaar ah sida gaaska-waji-xajisyada xorta ah ee dab-demiska ololka, qalabyada kala duwan ee halogenated ee waaweyn ee loo isticmaalo sida ololka.
Qayb kale oo ka mid ah alaabooyinka aan biraha ahayn ayaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa midabada iyo dhalooyinka (oo ay ku jiraan ceramics) Antimony oxide ee muraayadaha iyo ceramics intooda badan waxay u dhaqmaan sida muraayadaha, laakiin antimony ee muraayadaha khaaska ah ayaa caddayn kara iyaga.
Dib-u-warshadaynta waxay u dhaxaysaa wax aan macquul ahayn (bismuth ee dawooyinka caloosha iyo waxyaalaha la isku qurxiyo sababta oo ah gabi ahaanba waa kala firdhisan tahay) ilaa ay yaraato dhibka, sida antimony ee ololka retardants, waxyaalaha birta lagu daro iyo bismuth ee galvanizing, antimony in galaas Bismuth in Additives and Catalysts. Habka ugu fudud, ugu fudud uguna raqiisan ee dib loogu warshadayn karo bismuthka iyadoo la isticmaalayo alaabo fusible ah iyo alloys kale iyo antimony ku jira taarikada macdanta rasaasta ee baytariyada.
Soo dejinta Maraykanka ee bismuth biraha ayaa ah mid aan isbeddelin sannadihii 2012 iyo 2013 1,699 tan (1,872 gaagaaban) iyo 1,708 tan (1,882 gaagaaban). 21.9 carats (24,100 ton) sanadka 2013, wax yar ayaa kordhay.Laba bilood oo xogta 2014 ah ayaa soo jeedinaysa in qaabkani uu sii socdo. Sahanka Juquraafi ee Maraykanka (USGS) mar dambe ma daabici karo sahanka isticmaalka bismuth ee saddexdii biloodba mar.
Sannadka 2011 (ugu dambeeyay ee la daabacay) wadarta isticmaalka dhamaadka sanadlaha ah ee bismuth-ka ee Maraykanka ayaa ahaa 222 tan (245 tan) kooxda wax-ku-darka birta ah iyo 54 tan (59 tan) oo loogu talagalay bismuth alloys. dheelitirka waxaa inta badan loogu talagalay kiimikooyinka, 6681 (736 st).
Isticmaalka antimony ee muuqata ee USGS ee gudaha Maraykanka wuxuu ahaa 21.7 carats (23,900 oo tan gaaban) 2012 iyo 24 carats (26,500 oo tan gaaban) 2013.
Maqnaanshaha inta badan xogta, natiijooyinka 2013 ee bismuth wax yar ayaa isbeddelay. Antimony, baaritaanka xogta xaddidan, isticmaalka 2013 waa inuu ka sarreeyaa 10% marka loo eego 2012. 2014, bismuth waxay u muuqataa inay u badan tahay inay sii socoto oo aan isbeddelin iyo antimony in yar hoos u dhaco.
Afar macdan ayaa ah boqolkiiba 90 borate-yada ay isticmaalaan warshadaha adduunka oo dhan-sodium borate, tin calcium, iyo potassium; borate calcium, duomolite; iyo calcium sodium borate, sodalite.Borax waa walax crystalline cad kiimikaad loo yaqaan sodium tetraborate decahydrate, taas oo si dabiici ah u dhacdaa in macdanta tin.Boric acid is a colorless, crystalline adag iibiyey in farsamo, warqad gobolka iyo darajooyin tayo gaar ah in granular ama foomka budada ah, inta badan sida anhydrous boric acid.Borate deposits waxay la xiriiraan dhaqdhaqaaqa dhaqaale ee ugu weyn ee Moroja, oo leh kaydka dhaqaale ee ugu weyn ee US. Saxaraha u dhow boron.CA, Alpine Belt ee Koonfurta Aasiya, Andean Belt ee Koonfurta Ameerika. Tayada kheyraadka ama kaydka waxaa badanaa lagu qiyaasaa boron trioxide (B,0,) oo u dhigma.
2013 Wax soo saarka Maraykanka ee macdanta boron iyo xeryahooda wax yar ayaa kordhay laga bilaabo 2012; Laba shirkadood oo ku yaal Koonfurta California waxay soo saaraan macdanta boron, ugu horrayn borate sodium. miinada oo lagu soo raro tareen ama baabuur macaamiisha Waqooyiga Ameerika ama si caalami ah loogu iibiyo iyada oo loo sii marayo Dekedda Los Angeles. Borates Specialty, sida beeraha, ilaalinta alwaax iyo alaabta dib u ololka, waxaa lagu soo saaraa Wilmington, CA, ee Borax.plant.Searles Valley Minerals, Inc. SVM's Trôna iyo Westend dhirta, brine kuwan waxaa lagu sifeeyaa anhydrous, fuuq-baxa iyo borax pentahydrate.
Macdanta boron iyo kiimikooyinka ayaa ugu horrayn lagu cunaa waqooyiga dhexe iyo bari ee Maraykanka. Qaababka loo qaybiyey ee xeryahooda boron-ka ee laga isticmaalo Maraykanka 2013 waxay ahaayeen quraarado iyo ceramics, 80%; saabuunta, saabuunta, iyo warankiilo, 4%; beeraha, 4%; dhaldhalaalka iyo dhaldhalaalka, 3% iyo isticmaalka kale, 9% Boron waxaa loo isticmaalaa galaas ahaan wax lagu daro si loo yareeyo ballaarinta kulaylka; wanaaji xoogga, caabbinta kiimikada, iyo adkeysiga; waxayna bixiyaan iska caabin gariir, heerkul sare, iyo shoog kulaylka. Insulation iyo fiberglass-ka duntu waa isticmaalka kaliya ee ugu badan ee borates adduunka oo dhan.
Boron waa nafaqeeyayaalka ugu badan ee loo isticmaalo beeraha, inta badan si kor loogu qaado wax soo saarka abuurka.
Dhoofinta borate sodium ee Maraykanku waxa ay ahayd 650 kt (716,000 st) 2013, wax yar ayaa ka kordhay 646 kt (712,000 st) sanadkii 2012. Dhoofinta acid-ka boric ayaan waxba iska bedelin 190 kt (209,000 st) 2012 ilaa $910/t ($740/st) ee 2013. qaataha ugu weyn ee dhoofinta boric acid ee 2013 ahaa South Korea, xisaabinta 20 boqolkiiba. Turkiga
Turkiga iyo Maraykanka ayaa dunida ku hogaamiyay wax soo saarka borate 2013. Marka laga reebo wax soo saarka Maraykanka, wadarta miisaanka borate-ka adduunka waxa lagu qiyaasay 4.9 metric tons (5.4 milyan metric ton) sanadkii 2013, korodh dhan 11 boqolkiiba marka loo eego 2012.
Argentina waa soosaaraha ugu weyn ee macdanta boron ee Koonfurta Ameerika. Korodhka wax soo saarka borate ee Argentina, gaar ahaan boric acid, ayaa inta badan sabab u ah baahida korodhka ah ee warshadaha dhoobada iyo dhalooyinka ee Aasiya iyo Waqooyiga Ameerika.