Abantu bakunze kugura ibyuma bitarangirika byakozwe mbere, ibyo bikaba byongera imiterere y'ibikoresho ababikora bagomba kuzirikana.
Kimwe n'ibindi bikoresho byinshi, icyuma kidashonga gifite ibyiza n'ibibi byinshi. Icyuma gifatwa nk'"icyuma kidashonga" iyo ifu irimo nibura 10.5% bya chromium, ikora urwego rwa okiside rutuma rudashonga na aside. Uku kudashonga gushobora kunozwa kurushaho binyuze mu kongera ingano ya chromium no kongeramo ibindi bintu bitera alloying.
Imiterere y'icyuma kidakoresha ifumbire, kudakorerwa isuku cyane, kuramba, n'uburyo butandukanye bwo gutunganya ubuso bw'ibikoresho bituma gikoreshwa mu nganda nk'ubwubatsi, ibikoresho byo mu nzu, ibiribwa n'ibinyobwa, ubuvuzi, n'ibindi byinshi bisaba imbaraga n'ubudahangarwa bw'icyuma.
Ibyuma bitanduye bikunze kuba bihenze kurusha ibindi byuma. Ariko, bitanga inyungu ku gipimo cy’imbaraga ku buremere, bigatuma hakoreshwa ubunini bw’ibikoresho bito ugereranije n’ibisanzwe, bishobora gutuma amafaranga agabanuka. Kubera ikiguzi cyabyo muri rusange, amaduka agomba kugenzura ko akoresha ibikoresho bikwiye kugira ngo hirindwe imyanda ihenze no kongera gukoresha ibi bikoresho.
Ibyuma bitarangwamo ifu bifatwa nk'ibigoye gusudira kuko bikuraho ubushyuhe vuba kandi bigasaba kwitonda cyane mu cyiciro cya nyuma cyo kurangiza no gukosora.
Gukorana n'icyuma kitagira umugese muri rusange bisaba umuntu ufite uburambe mu gusudira cyangwa gukoresha icyuma cya karuboni, ibyo bikaba bikunda gukomera. Uburebure bwacyo bushobora kugabanuka iyo hashyizweho ibipimo bimwe na bimwe, cyane cyane mu gihe cyo gusudira. Bitewe n'igiciro kinini cy'icyuma kitagira umugese, ni byiza ko abakoresha bafite uburambe bagikoresha.
“Abantu bakunze kugura ibyuma bitagira umugese kubera uburyo bikozwe,” uyu ni Jonathan Douville, umuyobozi mukuru w’ibicuruzwa ushinzwe ubushakashatsi mpuzamahanga n’iterambere muri Walter Surface Technologies i Pointe-Claire, muri Quebec. Ibi byongera ku mbogamizi ababikora bagomba kuzirikana.”
Byaba ari irangi rya 4 linear texture cyangwa irangi rya 8 mirror, umukozi agomba kugenzura ko ibikoresho byubahirizwa kandi ko irangi ritangiritse mu gihe cyo kubitunganya no kubitunganya. Ibi bishobora kandi kugabanya amahitamo yo kubitegura no kubisukura, ari ingenzi cyane kugira ngo ibice bikore neza.
“Mu gihe ukoresha ibi bikoresho, ikintu cya mbere ugomba gukora ni ukumenya neza ko bisukuye, bisukuye, kandi bisukuye,” ibi byavuzwe na Rick Hatelt, Umuyobozi w’Igihugu wa PFERD muri Kanada, Ontario, Mississauga, muri Ontario. Ni ingenzi cyane kumenya neza ko ufite ikirere gisukuye (kidafite karuboni), gusukura icyuma kitagira umukungugu kugira ngo ukureho imyanda ishobora gutera ogisijeni (ingasi) nyuma no kwanga kongera kubaka urwego rw’ingufu, ugakora urwego rurinda kugira ngo ugabanye ogisijeni.”
Mu gihe ukoresha icyuma kitagira umushongi, ibikoresho n'ibidukikije bigikikije bigomba gusukurwa. Gukuramo amavuta n'ibisigazwa bya pulasitiki mu bikoresho ni ahantu heza ho gutangirira. Imyanda iri ku cyuma kitagira umushongi ishobora gutera ogisijeni, ariko ishobora no guteza ikibazo mu gihe cyo gusudira kandi igatera inenge. Kubwibyo, ni ngombwa gusukura ubuso mbere yo gutangira gusodera.
Ahantu ho gukorera siho hahora hasukuye cyane, kandi kwanduzanya bishobora kuba ikibazo iyo ukoresheje ibyuma bitangiza amashanyarazi na karuboni. Akenshi iduka rikoresha amafeni menshi cyangwa rigakoresha ibyuma bikonjesha kugira ngo bikonjeshe abakozi, bishobora gusunika imyanda hasi cyangwa bigatuma amazi agwa cyangwa akaruboniza ku bikoresho fatizo. Ibi biragoye cyane cyane iyo uduce tw’ibyuma bitangiza amashanyarazi duhuhwa ku byuma bitangiza amashanyarazi. Gutandukanya ibi bikoresho no kubigumana ahantu hasukuye bigira itandukaniro rikomeye iyo bigeze ku gusudira neza.
Ni ngombwa gukuraho ibara kugira ngo ingese zitazashira uko igihe kigenda gihita kandi zigatuma imiterere rusange igabanuka. Ni byiza kandi gukuraho ubururu kugira ngo ibara ry'ubuso ribe ringana.
Muri Kanada, bitewe n'ubukonje bukabije n'ikirere cy'itumba, guhitamo icyuma gikozwe mu cyuma gishyuha ni ingenzi. Douville yasobanuye ko amaduka menshi yabanje guhitamo 304 bitewe n'igiciro cyayo. Ariko niba iduka rikoresha ibikoresho hanze, yakugira inama yo guhindura kuri 316, nubwo igura kabiri. 304 ishobora kwangirika iyo ikoreshejwe cyangwa ibitswe hanze. Nubwo ubuso bwasukuwe kandi hakavuka urwego rwo gufunga, imiterere yo hanze ishobora kugira ingaruka ku buso, ikangiza urwego rwo gufunga ndetse amaherezo ikongera kugwa.
“Gutegura ubushude ni ingenzi kubera impamvu nyinshi z’ibanze,” ibi ni ibyavuzwe na Gabi Miholics, impuguke mu iterambere ry’ibikoresho byo gusudira, Ishami rya Abrasive Systems, 3M Canada, London, Ontario. “Gukuraho ingese, irangi n’udupira ni ngombwa kugira ngo ubushude bube bwiza. Nta mwanda ugomba kubaho ku buso bwo gusudira bushobora gutuma ubufatanye bugabanuka.”
Hatelt yongeraho ko gusukura aho hantu ari ngombwa, ariko gutegura mbere yo gusudira bishobora no kuba birimo gukata ibikoresho kugira ngo harebwe ko isudira ifata neza kandi ikomeye.
Ku bijyanye no gusudira ibyuma bitagira umushongi, ni ngombwa guhitamo icyuma gikwiye cyo gusudira gikwiranye n’urwego gikoreshwa. Icyuma kitagira umushongi ni cyo cyoroshye cyane kandi gisaba ko imigozi yo gusudira yemezwa n’ubwoko bumwe bw’ibikoresho. Urugero, icyuma gishingiye ku 316 gisaba icyuma gikozwe mu buryo bwa 316. Abasudira ntibashobora gukoresha ubwoko ubwo aribwo bwose bw’icyuma gikozwe mu buryo bwa 316, buri cyuma gikozwe mu buryo bwa 316 gisaba icyuma cyihariye cyo gusudira.
“Mu gihe cyo gusudira ibyuma bitagira umugese, umusudi agomba kugenzura ubushyuhe,” ibi byavuzwe na Michael Radaelli, umuyobozi w’ibicuruzwa muri Norton | Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Worcester, MA. “Hari ibikoresho byinshi bitandukanye bishobora gukoreshwa mu gupima ubushyuhe bw’icyuma gikozwe mu cyuma n’igice uko icyuma gishyuha, kuko iyo habaye akantu mu cyuma gikozwe mu cyuma gitagira umugese, igice kiba cyangiritse.”
Radaelli yongeyeho ko umusudi agomba kugenzura ko adahora ahantu hamwe igihe kirekire. Gusudira mu buryo bwinshi ni uburyo bwiza bwo kurinda substrate gushyuha cyane. Gusudira icyuma gikozwe mu buryo bwa stainless steel igihe kirekire bishobora gutuma gishyuha cyane kandi kigacika.
Radaelli yagize ati: “Gusudira hakoreshejwe icyuma kidashonga bishobora gufata igihe kinini, ariko nanone ni ubuhanzi busaba amaboko y’inararibonye.”
Gutegura nyuma yo gusudira biterwa n'umusaruro wa nyuma n'ikoreshwa ryawo. Miholics yasobanuye ko mu bihe bimwe na bimwe, gusudira ntibyigera bibonwa, bityo hakenewe gusukurwa gato nyuma yo gusudira, kandi ikintu cyose kigaragara gikurwaho vuba. Cyangwa isudira ishobora gukenera gukurwaho cyangwa gusukurwa, ariko nta gutegura ubuso bwihariye bikenewe. Niba hakenewe kurangiza neza cyangwa indorerwamo, hashobora kuba hakenewe intambwe zihambaye zo gusukura. Biterwa gusa n'ikoreshwa.
“Si ibara ry’ikibazo,” Miholics yagize ati. “Uku guhinduka kw’ibara ry’ubuso bigaragaza ko imiterere y’icyuma yahindutse kandi ubu ishobora kwangirika/gushwanyagurika.”
Guhitamo igikoresho cyo kurangiza gihindura umuvuduko bizagabanya igihe n'amafaranga kandi bitume umukozi ahura n'icyo arangije.
Ni ngombwa gukuraho ibara kugira ngo ingese zitazashira uko igihe kigenda gihita kandi zigatuma imiterere rusange igabanuka. Ni byiza kandi gukuraho ubururu kugira ngo ibara ry'ubuso ribe ringana.
Uburyo bwo gusukura bushobora kwangiza ubuso, cyane cyane iyo hakoreshejwe imiti ikaze. Gusukura nabi bishobora gukumira ikorwa ry'urwego rwo gufunga. Niyo mpamvu abahanga benshi basaba ko ibyo bice bisukwa n'intoki bisukurwa.
Douville yagize ati: “Iyo ukora isuku n'intoki, niba utemereye ogisijeni gukorana n'ubuso mu gihe cy'amasaha 24 cyangwa 48, ntuba ufite umwanya wo kubaka ubuso butagira aho bubogamiye.” Yasobanuye ko ubuso bukenera ogisijeni kugira ngo bukore urwego rwo gukora passivation. Hari amaduka akunda gusukura, gupakira ibice no kubyohereza ako kanya, ibi bigabanya umuvuduko w'ibikorwa kandi byongera ibyago byo kwangirika.
Ni ibisanzwe ko abakora ibikoresho n'abasudira bakoresha ibikoresho byinshi. Ariko, nk'uko byavuzwe mbere, ikoreshwa ry'ibyuma bitagira umugese rigabanya imbogamizi. Gufata umwanya wo gusukura igice ni intambwe nziza ya mbere, ariko ni byiza gusa bitewe n'ibidukikije birimo.
Hatelt yavuze ko ahora abona ahantu ho gukorera handuye. Kurandura karuboni mu hantu ho gukorera hakozwe ibyuma bitagira umwanda ni ingenzi. Ni ibisanzwe ko amaduka akoresha ibyuma ahindura ibyuma bitagira umwanda adateguye neza aho gukorera ibi bikoresho. Iri ni ikosa, cyane cyane iyo adashobora gutandukanya ibikoresho byombi cyangwa kugura ibikoresho bye bwite.
Radaelli yagize ati: “Niba ufite brush y'insinga yo gusya cyangwa gutegura ibyuma bitagira umugese, kandi ukayikoresha ku byuma bitagira umugese, ntushobora kongera gukoresha ibyuma bitagira umugese.” Ubu brush zandujwe na karubone kandi zirashwanyagurika. Iyo brush zandujwe n'ibindi, ntizishobora gusukurwa.”
Hatelt yavuze ko amaduka agomba gukoresha ibikoresho bitandukanye mu gutegura ibikoresho, ariko agomba no kwandika ibikoresho ku “icyuma kidashonga gusa” kugira ngo hirindwe kwanduzwa bitari ngombwa.
Amaduka agomba kuzirikana ibintu byinshi mu gihe ahitamo ibikoresho byo gutunganya ibikoresho byo gusudira ibyuma bitagira umugese, harimo uburyo bwo gutwika ubushyuhe, ubwoko bw'amabuye y'agaciro, umuvuduko n'ingano y'ingano.
Miholics yagize ati: “Guhitamo imashini itera ubushyuhe irimo irangi rikuraho ubushyuhe ni ahantu heza ho gutangirira.” Ibyuma bitagira umugese birakomeye cyane kandi bizatanga ubushyuhe bwinshi iyo bisya kurusha icyuma gito. Ubushyuhe bugomba kujya ahantu runaka, bityo hari irangi rituma ubushyuhe bugera ku nkengero za disiki aho kuguma aho uri gusya gusa. Icyo gihe, byari byiza cyane.”
Yongeraho ko guhitamo irangi riteye ubwoba biterwa n'uko irangi rusange rigomba kumera. Mu by'ukuri riba mu maso y'umuntu urireba. Imyunyungugu ya alumina mu irangi riteye ubwoba ni yo ikoreshwa cyane mu kurangiza. Kugira ngo icyuma kitagira umuhengeri kigaragare nk'ubururu ku buso, hagomba gukoreshwa icyuma cya silikoni carbide. Girakomeye kandi gisiga uduce twinshi dutanga urumuri mu buryo butandukanye, bigatuma kiba ubururu. Niba umukoresha ashaka irangi ryihariye cyangwa ridasanzwe, ni byiza kuvugana n'umucuruzi.
“RPM ni ikibazo gikomeye,” Hatelt yagize ati. “Ibikoresho bitandukanye bisaba RPM zitandukanye, kandi akenshi zikora vuba cyane. Gukoresha RPM ikwiye bitanga umusaruro mwiza, haba mu buryo akazi gakorwa vuba ndetse n’uburyo gakorwa neza. Menya icyo ushaka kurangiza n’uko gipimwa.”
Douville yongeyeho ko gushora imari mu bikoresho byo kurangiza umuvuduko uhindagurika ari bumwe mu buryo bwo gukemura ibibazo by'umuvuduko. Abakora akazi benshi bagerageza icyuma gisya gisanzwe kugira ngo kirangize, ariko gifite umuvuduko mwinshi wo gukata gusa. Kurangiza igikorwa bisaba kugabanya umuvuduko. Guhitamo igikoresho cyo kurangiza umuvuduko uhindagurika bizazigama umwanya n'amafaranga kandi bitume umukozi ahura n'umuvuduko uhuye n'uwo arangije.
Nanone, grit ni ingenzi mu guhitamo grit ikoreshwa mu gukata. Ukoresha grit agomba gutangirana n'grit nziza ikoreshwa mu gukata.
Guhera ku gipimo cya 60 cyangwa 80 (giciriritse), umukozi ashobora guhita asimbukira ku gipimo cya 120 (gito) maze akagera ku gipimo cya 220 (gito cyane), bizatuma igipimo cya glaze kiba icya 4.
“Bishobora kuba byoroshye nk'intambwe eshatu,” Radaelli yagize ati. “Ariko, niba umukoresha akoresha imashini nini yo gusudira, ntashobora gutangirana n'imashini 60 cyangwa 80, kandi ashobora guhitamo imashini 24 (ikomeye cyane) cyangwa 36 (ikomeye). Ibi byongera intambwe y'inyongera kandi bishobora kugorana kuyikuraho mu bikoresho. Hari uduce twinshi kuri yo.”
Byongeye kandi, kongeramo spray cyangwa gel irwanya imirasire bishobora kuba inshuti magara y'umusudizi, ariko akenshi iyo usudira ibyuma bitagira imirasire, nk'uko Douville abivuga, ibice bifite imirasire bigomba gukurwaho, bishobora gukurura hejuru, bigasaba intambwe z'inyongera zo gusya no gutakaza umwanya munini. Iyi ntambwe ishobora gukurwaho byoroshye hakoreshejwe sisitemu irwanya imirasire.
Lindsay Luminoso, Umuyobozi Mukuru, atanga umusanzu muri Metal Fabrication Canada na Fabrication and Welding Canada. Kuva mu 2014-2016, yabaye Umuyobozi Mukuru Mukuru / Umwanditsi Mukuru wa Web muri Metal Fabrication Canada, aherutse kuba Umuyobozi Mukuru Mukuru wa Design Engineering.
Luminoso afite impamyabumenyi y’icyiciro cya kabiri cya kaminuza mu bugeni yakuye muri Kaminuza ya Carleton, impamyabumenyi y’icyiciro cya kabiri cya kaminuza mu burezi yakuye muri Kaminuza ya Ottawa, n’impamyabumenyi y’icyiciro cya gatatu cya kaminuza mu bitabo, ibinyamakuru no gutangaza ibitabo mu buryo bw’ikoranabuhanga yakuye muri Kaminuza ya Centennial.
Komeza umenye amakuru agezweho, ibikorwa n'ikoranabuhanga ku byuma byose bivuye mu makuru yacu abiri ya buri kwezi yanditswe gusa ku nganda zo muri Kanada!
Ubu hamwe n'uburyo bwose bwo kubona igitabo cy'ikoranabuhanga cya Canadian Metalworking, byoroshye kubona ibikoresho by'agaciro by'inganda.
Ubu hamwe n'uburyo bwose bwo kubona igitabo cya Made in Canada na Welding, byoroshye kubona ibikoresho by'agaciro by'inganda.
Randy McDonald, Umuyobozi w’Ibicuruzwa uri mu kiruhuko cy’izabukuru muri Overtone, asangiza inama n’ibitekerezo byo mu bunararibonye bwe bw’imyaka 40. Akoresheje FEIN WPO 14-25E ihindura umuvuduko wo gusiga irangi n’ibikoresho byo kurangiza no gusiga irangi bivuye mu itsinda rinini ry’ibikoresho byo gusiga irangi bya FEIN Kanada, Randy atuyobora intambwe ku yindi mu nzira.