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Ko te maitai 20MnTiB te rauemi pūtu kaha-teitei e whakamahia whānuitia ana mō ngā piriti hanganga maitai i tōku whenua, ā, he mea nui tōna mahi ki te whakahaere haumaru o ngā piriti. I runga i te rangahau i te taiao hauhautanga i Chongqing, i hangaia e tēnei rangahau he otinga waikura e whakaata ana i te āhuarangi makuku o Chongqing, ā, i whakahaerehia he whakamātautau waikura ahotea o ngā pūtu kaha-teitei e whakaata ana i te āhuarangi makuku o Chongqing. I rangahauhia ngā pānga o te pāmahana, te uara pH me te kukū otinga waikura whakaata ki te whanonga waikura ahotea o ngā pūtu kaha-teitei 20MnTiB.
Ko te maitai 20MnTiB te rauemi pūtu kaha-teitei e whakamahia whānuitia ana mō ngā piriti hanganga maitai i tōku whenua, ā, he mea nui tōna mahi ki te whakahaere haumaru o ngā piriti. I whakamātauria e Li et al. 1 ngā āhuatanga o te maitai 20MnTiB e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i ngā pūtu kaha-teitei reanga 10.9 i te awhe pāmahana teitei o te 20~700 ℃, ā, i whiwhi i te pihi ahotea-taumahatanga, te kaha hua, te kaha kume, te modulus a Young, me te roanga me te tauwehenga whānui. Zhang et al. 2, Hu et al. 3, me ētahi atu, mā te whakamātautau hanganga matū, te whakamātautau āhuatanga miihini, te whakamātautau hanganga moroiti, te tātaritanga makaro me te moroiti o te mata miro, ā, e whakaatu ana ngā hua ko te take matua o te whati o ngā pūtu kaha-teitei e pā ana ki ngā hapa miro, ā, ko te puta mai o ngā hapa miro ko te nui o te ahotea, te nui o te ahotea o te pito pakaru me ngā āhuatanga waikura o waho ka arahi katoa ki te pakaru o te waikura ahotea.
Ko ngā pūtu kaha-teitei mō ngā piriti maitai ka whakamahia mō te wā roa i roto i te taiao makuku. Ko ngā āhuatanga pēnei i te haumākū teitei, te pāmahana teitei, me te whakatō me te mimiti o ngā matū kino i roto i te taiao ka taea te whakakino ngāwari i ngā hanganga maitai. Ka taea e te waikura te whakakino i te ngaronga o te whakawhiti whiti o te pūtu kaha-teitei, ka hua ake he maha ngā hapa me ngā kapiti. Ā, ka haere tonu te whānui o ēnei hapa me ngā kapiti, ka whakaiti i te roa o te ora o ngā pūtu kaha-teitei, ā, ka pakaru pea. Tae noa ki tēnei wā, he maha ngā rangahau mō te pānga o te waikura taiao ki te mahi waikura ahotea o ngā rauemi. I tirotirohia e Catar et al4 te whanonga waikura ahotea o ngā koranu konupora me ngā ihirangi konumohe rerekē i roto i ngā taiao waikawa, kawakore me te koretake mā te whakamātautau tere taumahatanga puhoi (SSRT). I ako a Abdel et al.5 i te whanonga pakaru waikura hiko me te ahotea o te koranu Cu10Ni i roto i te otinga 3.5% NaCl i te aroaro o ngā kukū rerekē o ngā katote sulfide. I aromatawai a Aghion et al.6 i te mahi waikura o te koranu konupora MRI230D i roto i te otinga 3.5% NaCl mā te whakamātautau rumaki, te whakamātautau rehu tote, te tātari polarization potentiodynamic me te SSRT. Zhang I rangahauhia e et al.7 te whanonga waikura ahotea o te maitai martensitic 9Cr mā te whakamahi i te SSRT me ngā tikanga whakamātautau hiko tuku iho, ā, i kitea te pānga o ngā katote pūhaumāota ki te whanonga waikura pumau o te maitai martensitic i te pāmahana rūma. I rangahauhia e Chen et al.8 te whanonga waikura ahotea me te tikanga pakaru o te maitai X70 i roto i te otinga paru moana whakaata kei roto ko te SRB i ngā pāmahana rerekē e SSRT. I whakamahia e Liu et al.9 te SSRT ki te ako i te pānga o te pāmahana me te tere taumahatanga kume ki te ātete waikura ahotea wai moana o te maitai kore waikura austenitic 00Cr21Ni14Mn5Mo2N. E whakaatu ana ngā hua kāore he pānga nui o te pāmahana i roto i te awhe 35~65℃ ki te whanonga waikura ahotea o te maitai kore waikura. Lu et al. I arotakehia e te 10 te ngoikore o te pakaru whakaroa o ngā tauira me ngā taumata kaha kume rerekē mā te whakamātautau pakaru whakaroa kawenga mate me te SSRT. E whakaarohia ana me whakahaere te kaha kume o ngā pūtu kaha-teitei o te maitai 20MnTiB me te maitai 35VB i te 1040-1190MPa. Heoi, ko te nuinga o ēnei rangahau e whakamahi ana i te otinga NaCl 3.5% ngawari hei whakatauira i te taiao waikura, ko te taiao whakamahinga tuturu o ngā pūtu kaha-teitei he uaua ake, ā, he maha ngā āhuatanga awe, pēnei i te uara pH o te pūtu. I ako a Ananya me ētahi atu 11 i te pānga o ngā tawhā taiao me ngā rauemi i roto i te reo waikura ki te waikura me te pakaru waikura ahotea o ngā maitai kore waikura takirua. Sunada me ētahi atu 12 i whakahaere i ngā whakamātautau pakaru waikura i te pāmahana rūma i runga i te maitai SUS304 i roto i ngā wairewa wai kei roto ko te H2SO4 (0-5.5 kmol/m-3) me te NaCl (0-4.5 kmol/m-3). I rangahauhia hoki ngā pānga o te H2SO4 me te NaCl ki ngā momo waikura o te maitai SUS304. I whakamahia e Merwe et al.13 te SSRT ki te ako i ngā pānga o te ahunga hurihuri, te pāmahana, te kukū CO2/CO, te pēhanga hau me te wā waikura ki te ngoikore o te waikura o te maitai oko pēhanga A516. Mā te whakamahi i te otinga NS4 hei otinga whakatauira wai whenua, i rangahauhia e Ibrahim et al. 14 te pānga o ngā tawhā taiao pēnei i te kukū katote paipa waro (HCO), te pH me te pāmahana ki te pakaru waikura o te maitai paipa API-X100 i muri i te tango i te paninga. Shan et al. I akohia e te 15 te ture rerekētanga o te ngoikore o te kowiri tira austenitic 00Cr18Ni10 me te pāmahana i raro i ngā āhuatanga pāmahana rerekē (30~250℃) i raro i te āhua o te reo wai pango i roto i te tipu waro-ki-hauwai i whakaatahia e SSRT. I whakaahuahia e Han et al.16 te ngoikore o te hauwai o ngā tauira pūtu kaha-teitei mā te whakamahi i te whakamātautau pakaru whakaroa kawenga-mate, ā, i akohia e SSRT. I akohia e Zhao17 ngā pānga o te pH, SO42-, Cl-1 ki te whanonga pirau ahotea o te koranu GH4080A e SSRT. E whakaatu ana ngā hua ko te iti o te uara pH, ko te kino ake o te ātete pirau ahotea o te koranu GH4080A. He mārama te aro ki te pirau ahotea ki te Cl-1, ā, kāore e aro ki te reo SO42-ionic i te pāmahana rūma. Heoi, he iti noa ngā rangahau mō te pānga o te pirau taiao ki ngā pūtu kaha-teitei o te maitai 20MnTiB.
Hei kimi i ngā take mō te korenga o ngā pūtu kaha-nui e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā piriti, kua whakahaerehia e te kaituhi he raupapa rangahau. I tīpakohia ngā tauira pūtu kaha-nui, ā, i matapakihia ngā take mō te korenga o ēnei tauira mai i ngā tirohanga o te hanganga matū, te āhua moroiti o te pakaru, te hanganga whakarewa me te tātari āhuatanga miihini19, 20. I runga i te rangahau i te taiao hauhautanga i Chongqing i ngā tau tata nei, kua hangaia he kaupapa waikura e whakatauira ana i te āhuarangi makuku o Chongqing. I whakahaerehia ngā whakamātautau waikura ahotea, ngā whakamātautau waikura hiko me ngā whakamātautau ngenge waikura o ngā pūtu kaha-nui i Chongqing e whakatauira ana i te āhuarangi makuku. I roto i tēnei rangahau, i tirotirohia ngā pānga o te pāmahana, te uara pH me te kukū o te otinga waikura whakatauira ki te whanonga waikura ahotea o ngā pūtu kaha-nui 20MnTiB mā roto i ngā whakamātautau āhuatanga miihini, te tātaritanga makokiko me te moroiti o te pakaru, me ngā hua waikura mata.
Kei te tonga-māuru o Haina a Chongqing, i ngā pito whakarunga o te awa o Yangtze, ā, he āhuarangi hauhautanga hauāuru-hauāuru. Ko te pāmahana toharite ia tau ko te 16-18°C, ko te haumākū toharite ia tau ko te nuinga o te 70-80%, ko ngā hāora whiti o te rā ia tau ko te 1000-1400 hāora, ā, ko te ōrau whiti o te rā he 25-35% noa iho.
E ai ki ngā pūrongo e pā ana ki te rā me te pāmahana taiao i Chongqing mai i te tau 2015 ki te 2018, ko te pāmahana toharite o ia rā i Chongqing he iti iho i te 17°C, ā, he teitei ake i te 23°C. Ko te pāmahana teitei rawa atu i runga i te tinana o te piriti o Chaotianmen Bridge i Chongqing ka eke ki te 50°C °C21,22. Nō reira, ko ngā taumata pāmahana mō te whakamātautau waikura ahotea i whakatakotoria ki te 25°C me te 50°C.
Ko te uara pH o te otinga waikura whakaata e whakatau tika ana i te nui o te H+, engari ehara i te mea ko te iti o te uara pH, ko te māmā ake o te waikura. Ka rerekē te pānga o te pH ki ngā hua mō ngā rauemi me ngā otinga rerekē. Hei ako pai ake i te pānga o te otinga waikura whakaata ki te mahi waikura ahotea o ngā pūtu kaha-teitei, i whakatakotoria ngā uara pH o ngā whakamātautau waikura ahotea ki te 3.5, 5.5 me te 7.5 me te rangahau tuhinga23 me te awhe pH o te wai ua ā-tau i Chongqing.2010 ki te 2018.
Ko te teitei ake o te kukū o te otinga waikura whakaata, ko te nui ake o te ihirangi katote i roto i te otinga waikura whakaata, ā, ko te nui ake o te awe ki ngā āhuatanga o te rauemi. Hei ako i te pānga o te kukū o te otinga waikura whakaata ki te waikura ahotea o ngā pūtu kaha-teitei, i whakatinanahia te whakamātautau waikura tere taiwhanga horihori, ā, i whakatakotoria te kukū o te otinga waikura whakaata ki te taumata 4 me te kore waikura, arā, ko te kukū o te otinga waikura whakaata taketake (1×), 20 × te kukū o te otinga waikura whakaata taketake (20 ×) me te 200 × te kukū o te otinga waikura whakaata taketake (200 ×).
Ko te taiao me te pāmahana o te 25℃, te uara pH o te 5.5, me te kukū o te otinga waikura taketake i whakatauirahia te mea e tata ana ki ngā tikanga whakamahinga tuturu o ngā pūtu kaha-teitei mō ngā piriti. Heoi, hei tere ake i te tukanga whakamātautau waikura, ko ngā tikanga whakamātautau me te pāmahana o te 25°C, te pH o te 5.5 me te kukū o te 200 × otinga waikura taketake i whakatauirahia hei rōpū whakahaere tohutoro. I te wā i tirotirohia ai ngā pānga o te pāmahana, te kukū, te uara pH rānei o te otinga waikura i whakatauirahia ki te mahi waikura ahotea o ngā pūtu kaha-teitei, kāore i rerekē ētahi atu āhuatanga, i whakamahia hei taumata whakamātautau o te rōpū whakahaere tohutoro.
E ai ki te whakarāpopototanga kounga taiao āhuarangi 2010-2018 i whakaputaina e te Tari Taiao me te Āhuarangi o Chongqing, me te kōrero mō ngā wāhanga ua i pūrongohia i roto i te Zhang24 me ētahi atu tuhinga i pūrongohia i Chongqing, i hangaia he otinga waikura whakaata i runga i te whakanui ake i te kukū o te SO42-. Ko te hanganga o te ua i te rohe tāone matua o Chongqing i te tau 2017. Ko te hanganga o te otinga waikura whakaata e whakaaturia ana i roto i te Ripanga 1:
Ka whakaritea te otinga waikura whakaata mā te tikanga taurite kukū katote matū mā te whakamahi i ngā tauhohenga tātari me te wai whakapūkara. I whakatikatikaina te uara pH o te otinga waikura whakaata mā te mita pH tika, te otinga waikawa hauota me te otinga hauwai konutai.
Hei whakatauira i te āhuarangi makuku i Chongqing, kua whakarerekētia, kua hangaia hoki te taputapu whakamātautau rehu tote. E ai ki te Pikitia 1, e rua ngā pūnaha o ngā taputapu whakamātautau: he pūnaha rehu tote me te pūnaha rama. Ko te pūnaha rehu tote te mahi matua o ngā taputapu whakamātautau, kei roto ko te wāhanga whakahaere, he wāhanga rehu me te wāhanga whakapūngao. Ko te mahi a te wāhanga rehu ko te pupuhi i te kohu tote ki roto i te rūma whakamātautau mā te pūwhakapūngao hau. Ko te wāhanga whakapūngao he mea hanga mai i ngā wāhanga ine pāmahana, e rongo ana i te pāmahana i roto i te rūma whakamātautau. Ko te wāhanga whakahaere he rorohiko iti, e hono ana i te wāhanga rehu me te wāhanga whakapūngao hei whakahaere i te tukanga whakamātautau katoa. Kua tāutahia te pūnaha rama ki roto i te rūma whakamātautau rehu tote hei whakatauira i te hihi o te rā. Ko te pūnaha rama he rama infrared me te kaiwhakahaere wā. I taua wā anō, kua tāutahia he pūoko pāmahana ki roto i te rūma whakamātautau rehu tote hei aroturuki i te pāmahana huri noa i te tauira i te wā tūturu.
I tukatukahia ngā tauira waikura ahotea i raro i te kawenga pumau i runga anō i te NACETM0177-2005 (Te Whakamātautau Taiwhanga o te Pakaru Ātete ki te Pakaru Ātete ki te Pakaru Ātete ki ngā Konganuku i roto i te Taiao H2S). I horoia tuatahitia ngā tauira waikura ahotea ki te acetone me te horoi ā-ringa ultrasonic hei tango i ngā toenga hinu, kātahi ka whakamaroketia ki te waipiro, ā, ka whakamaroketia ki roto i te oumu. Kātahi ka whakanohoia ngā tauira ma ki roto i te rūma whakamātautau o te taputapu whakamātautau rehu tote hei whakatauira i te āhua o te waikura i roto i te taiao haukū o Chongqing. E ai ki te paerewa NACETM0177-2005 me te paerewa whakamātautau rehu tote GB/T 10,125-2012, ko te wā whakamātautau waikura ahotea kawenga pumau i roto i tēnei rangahau ka whakatauhia kia 168 h. I whakahaerehia ngā whakamātautau kume ki runga i ngā tauira waikura i raro i ngā āhuatanga waikura rerekē i runga i te mīhini whakamātautau kume whānui MTS-810, ā, i tātarihia ō rātou āhuatanga ā-ringa me te āhua o te waikura whati.
E whakaatu ana te Pikitia 1 i te āhua nui me te āhua moroiti o te waikura mata o ngā tauira waikura ahotea pūtu kaha-tiketike i raro i ngā āhuatanga waikura rerekē. 2 me 3 ia.
Te āhua makoropiko o ngā tauira waikura ahotea o ngā pūtu kaha-teitei 20MnTiB i raro i ngā taiao waikura rerekē kua whakaatahia: (a) kāore he waikura; (b) 1 te wā; (c) 20 ×; (d) 200 ×; (e) pH 3.5; (f) pH 7.5; (g) 50°C.
Te āhua o ngā hua waikura o ngā pūtu kaha-teitei 20MnTiB i roto i ngā taiao waikura rerekē kua whakaatahia (100×): (a) 1 te wā; (b) 20 ×; (c) 200 ×; (d) pH3.5; (e) pH7 .5; (f) 50°C.
Ka kitea i te Pikitia 2a ko te mata o te tauira pūtu kaha-teitei kāore i waikura he kanapa whakarewa kanapa, engari kāore he waikura kitea. Heoi, i raro i te āhua o te otinga waikura taketake (Pikitia 2b), i kapi te mata o te tauira i ngā hua waikura parauri me te parauri-whero, ā, i kitea tonu te kanapa whakarewa i ētahi wāhi o te mata, e tohu ana ko ētahi wāhi anake o te mata tauira i paku waikura, ā, kāore he pānga o te otinga waikura whakaata ki te mata o te tauira. He iti noa te pānga o ngā āhuatanga rauemi. Heoi, i raro i te āhua o te 20 × te kukū o te otinga waikura taketake (Pikitia 2c), kua kapi katoa te mata o te tauira pūtu kaha-teitei i te nui o ngā hua waikura parauri me te iti o te hua waikura parauri-whero. Kāore i kitea he kanapa whakarewa, ā, he iti noa te hua waikura parauri-pango i tata ki te mata o te papa. Ā, i raro i te āhua o te 200 × te kukū o te otinga waikura taketake (Pikitia 2d), kua kapi katoa te mata o te tauira i ngā hua waikura parauri, ā, ka puta ngā hua waikura parauri-pango ki ētahi wāhi.
I te hekenga o te pH ki te 3.5 (Pikitia 2e), ko ngā hua waikura parauri te mea tino kitea i runga i te mata o ngā tauira, ā, kua tangohia ētahi o ngā hua waikura.
E whakaatu ana te Pikitia 2g, i te pikinga o te pāmahana ki te 50 °C, ka heke tere te nui o ngā hua waikura parauri-whero i runga i te mata o te tauira, i te mea ka kapi te mata o te tauira i ngā hua waikura parauri kanapa i roto i tētahi wāhi nui. He tino wetekina te paparanga hua waikura, ā, kua tihorea ētahi hua parauri-pango.
E ai ki te Whakaahua 3, i raro i ngā taiao waikura rerekē, ko ngā hua waikura i runga i te mata o ngā tauira waikura ahotea pūtu kaha-teitei 20MnTiB he mārama te wehewehe, ā, ka piki ake te matotoru o te paparanga waikura me te pikinga o te kukū o te otinga waikura whakaata. I raro i te āhua o te otinga waikura whakaata taketake (Pikitia 3a), ka taea te wehewehe i ngā hua waikura i runga i te mata o te tauira kia rua ngā paparanga: ko te paparanga o waho o ngā hua waikura he ōrite te tohatoha, engari he maha ngā kapiti e puta mai ana; ko te paparanga o roto he rōpū hua waikura korekore. I raro i te āhua o te kukū otinga waikura whakaata taketake 20× (Pikitia 3b), ka taea te wehewehe i te paparanga waikura i runga i te mata o te tauira kia toru ngā paparanga: ko te paparanga o waho ko ngā hua waikura rōpū kua marara, he korekore, he porous, ā, kāore he mahi tiaki pai; ko te paparanga o waenganui he paparanga hua waikura ōrite, engari he mārama ngā kapiti, ā, ka taea e ngā katote waikura te haere i roto i ngā kapiti ka whakangaro i te papa; Ko te paparanga o roto he paparanga hua waikura matotoru, kāore he kapiti kitea, he pai te pānga tiaki i runga i te papa. I raro i te āhua o te 200 × kukū otinga waikura taketake (Pikitia 3c), ka taea te wehewehe i te paparanga waikura i runga i te mata o te tauira kia toru ngā paparanga: ko te paparanga o waho he paparanga hua waikura angiangi, ōrite; ko te paparanga o waenganui he waikura āhua rau me te āhua papatahi. Ko te paparanga o roto he paparanga hua waikura matotoru, kāore he kapiti me ngā kōhao kitea, he pai te pānga tiaki i runga i te papa.
Ka kitea i te Pikitia 3d i roto i te taiao waikura whakaata o te pH 3.5, he nui ngā hua waikura flocculent, rite ki te ngira rānei i runga i te mata o te tauira pūtu kaha-teitei 20MnTiB. E whakaarohia ana ko ēnei hua waikura he γ-FeOOH me te iti o te α-FeOOH e honoa ana26, ā, he mārama ngā kapiti o te paparanga waikura.
Ka kitea i te Pikitia 3f, i te pikinga o te pāmahana ki te 50 °C, kāore i kitea he paparanga waikura matotoru o roto i te hanganga o te paparanga waikura, e tohu ana he āputa i waenganui i ngā paparanga waikura i te 50 °C, ā, nā reira kāore i tino kapi te papa i ngā hua waikura. Ka whakarato i te tiakitanga mai i te pikinga o te hiahia ki te waikura o te papa.
Kei te Ripanga 2 ngā āhuatanga ā-pūkaha o ngā pūtu kaha-teitei i raro i te waikura taumahatanga pumau i roto i ngā taiao waikura rerekē:
Ka kitea i roto i te Ripanga 2 kei te tutuki tonu ngā āhuatanga ā-pūkaha o ngā tauira pūtu kaha-teitei 20MnTiB i ngā whakaritenga paerewa i muri i te whakamātautau waikura tere o te huringa maroke-mākū i roto i ngā taiao waikura rerekē kua whakaatahia, engari he kino kei te whakatauritea ki ngā mea kāore i waikura. tauira. I te kukū o te otinga waikura taketake kua whakaatahia, kāore i tino rerekē ngā āhuatanga ā-pūkaha o te tauira, engari i te kukū 20×, 200× rānei o te otinga whakaatahia, ka tino heke te roa o te tauira. He rite tonu ngā āhuatanga ā-pūkaha i ngā kukū o ngā otinga waikura taketake 20× me 200×. I te hekenga o te uara pH o te otinga waikura kua whakaatahia ki te 3.5, ka tino heke te kaha kume me te roa o ngā tauira. Ina piki te pāmahana ki te 50°C, ka tino heke te kaha kume me te roa, ā, he tata rawa te tere whakaheke o te rohe ki te uara paerewa.
Ko ngā āhua whati o ngā tauira waikura ahotea pūtu kaha-teitei 20MnTiB i raro i ngā taiao waikura rerekē e whakaaturia ana i te Pikitia 4, arā, ko te āhua whānui o te whati, te rohe muka i waenganui o te whati, te ngutu moroiti o te atanga kutikuti, me te mata o te tauira.
Ngā āhua whati makoropiko me te mariko o ngā tauira pūtu kaha-teitei 20MnTiB i roto i ngā taiao waikura rerekē kua whakaatahia (500×): (a) kāore he waikura; (b) kotahi te wā; (c) 20 ×; (d) 200 ×; (e) pH3.5; (f) pH7.5; (g) 50°C.
Ka kitea i te Pikitia 4 ko te whati o te tauira waikura ahotea pūtu kaha-teitei 20MnTiB i raro i ngā taiao waikura whakaata rerekē he whati kapu-kōne noa iho. Ki te whakatauritea ki te tauira kāore i waikura (Pikitia 4a), he iti noa te rohe pokapū o te kapiti o te rohe muka, he nui ake te rohe ngutu kutikuti. E whakaatu ana tēnei kua tino pakaru ngā āhuatanga hangarau o te rauemi i muri i te waikura. I te pikinga ake o te kukū o te otinga waikura whakaata, kua piki ake ngā poka i te rohe muka i waenganui o te whati, ā, kua puta ngā hononga haehae mārama. I te pikinga ake o te kukū ki te 20 ngā wā o te otinga waikura whakaata taketake, kua puta ngā poka waikura mārama i te atanga i waenga i te taha ngutu kutikuti me te mata o te tauira, ā, he maha ngā hua waikura i runga i te mata.
E ai ki te Pikitia 3d, he mārama ngā kapiti kei roto i te paparanga waikura i te mata o te tauira, kāore e pai te tiaki i te anga. I roto i te otinga waikura whakaata o te pH 3.5 (Pikitia 4e), kua tino waikura te mata o te tauira, ā, he iti noa te horahanga muka o waenganui. He nui ngā hononga haehae koretake i waenganui o te horahanga muka. I te pikinga ake o te uara pH o te otinga waikura whakaata, ka heke te rohe haehae i te horahanga muka i waenganui o te whati, ka heke haere te poka, ā, ka heke haere hoki te hohonu o te poka.
I te pikinga o te pāmahana ki te 50 °C (Pikitia 4g), ko te horahanga ngutu kutikuti o te whati o te tauira te mea nui rawa atu, i tino piki ake ngā poka i te rohe muka waenga, ā, i piki ake hoki te hohonutanga o te poka, ā, i piki ake te hononga i waenga i te taha ngutu kutikuti me te mata tauira. I piki ake ngā hua waikura me ngā poka, ā, i whakaū i te ia o te hohonutanga o te waikura o te papa e whakaatuhia ana i te Pikitia 3f.
Ka pā kino te uara pH o te otinga waikura ki ngā āhuatanga ā-pūkaha o ngā pūtu kaha-teitei 20MnTiB, engari kāore i te nui te pānga. I roto i te otinga waikura o te pH 3.5, he nui ngā hua waikura flocculent, rite-ngira rānei e horahia ana ki te mata o te tauira, ā, he mārama ngā kapiti o te paparanga waikura, kāore e taea te hanga i tētahi parenga pai mō te papa. Ā, he mārama ngā poka waikura me te maha o ngā hua waikura i roto i te āhua moroiti o te whati tauira. E whakaatu ana tēnei ka tino heke te kaha o te tauira ki te ātete i te whakarerekētanga e te kaha o waho i roto i te taiao waikawa, ā, ka tino piki ake te nui o te ia o te waikura ahotea o te rauemi.
He iti noa te pānga o te otinga waikura taketake ki ngā āhuatanga ā-pūkaha o ngā tauira pūtu kaha-teitei, engari i te pikinga ake o te kukū o te otinga waikura taketake ki te 20 ngā wā i tērā o te otinga waikura taketake, kua tino pakaru ngā āhuatanga ā-pūkaha o ngā tauira, ā, he mārama te waikura i roto i te hanganga moroiti o te whati, ngā poka, ngā kapiti tuarua me te maha o ngā hua waikura. I te whakanuia ake o te kukū o te otinga waikura taketake mai i te 20 ki te 200 ngā wā o te kukū o te otinga waikura taketake, kua ngoikore te pānga o te kukū o te otinga waikura ki ngā āhuatanga ā-pūkaha o te rauemi.
Ina 25℃ te pāmahana waikura whakaata, kāore e tino rerekē te kaha hua me te kaha kume o ngā tauira pūtu kaha-teitei 20MnTiB ki ngā tauira kāore anō kia waikura. Heoi, i raro i te pāmahana taiao waikura whakaata o te 50°C, ka tino heke te kaha kume me te roa o te tauira, tata tonu te tere whakaheke wāhanga ki te uara paerewa, ko te ngutu kutikuti whati te mea nui rawa atu, ā, he rua i te rohe muka waenga. Ka tino piki ake, ka piki ake te hohonu o te poka, ka piki ake ngā hua waikura me ngā poka waikura. E whakaatu ana tēnei he nui te awe o te taiao waikura mahi tahi pāmahana ki ngā āhuatanga hangarau o ngā pūtu kaha-teitei, kāore e kitea i te pāmahana rūma, engari he nui ake te hiranga ina tae te pāmahana ki te 50°C.
I muri i te whakamātautau waikura tere o roto e whakaata ana i te taiao hau i Chongqing, i whakaitihia te kaha kume, te kaha tuku, te roa me ētahi atu tawhā o ngā pūtu kaha-teitei 20MnTiB, ā, i puta he kino o te ahotea. Nā te mea kei raro te rauemi i te ahotea, ka puta he āhuatanga tere o te waikura ā-rohe. Ā, nā te pānga ngātahi o te kukū ahotea me ngā poka waikura, he ngāwari te whakaputa kino kirihou ki ngā pūtu kaha-teitei, ka whakaiti i te kaha ki te ātete i te whakarerekētanga e ngā kaha o waho, ā, ka whakanui ake i te ia o te waikura ahotea.
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