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I roto i tēnei rangahau, ko te hoahoa o ngā puna hurihuri me te kōpeketanga o te tikanga takai parirau i whakamahia i roto i te rōkete he raruraru arotau. I muri i te wehenga atu o te rōkete i te ngongo whakarewa, me whakatuwhera me te whakau i ngā parirau kua kati mō tētahi wā. Ko te whāinga o te rangahau he whakanui ake i te kaha e rongoa ana i roto i ngā puna kia taea ai e ngā parirau te horapa i te wā poto rawa. I tēnei take, ko te whārite kaha i roto i ngā tuhinga e rua i tautuhia hei mahi whāinga i roto i te tukanga arotau. Ko te diameter waea, te diameter koiri, te maha o ngā koiri, me ngā tawhā whakapēhanga e hiahiatia ana mō te hoahoa puna i tautuhia hei taurangi arotau. He rohe āhuahanga kei runga i ngā taurangi nā te rahi o te tikanga, me ngā rohe ki te tauwehenga haumaru nā te kawenga e mau ana i ngā puna. I whakamahia te raupapatanga pī honi (BA) hei whakaoti i tēnei raruraru arotau me te mahi i te hoahoa puna. Ko ngā uara kaha i whiwhihia me te BA he pai ake i ērā i whiwhihia mai i ngā rangahau Hoahoa Whakamātautau (DOE) o mua. Ko ngā puna me ngā tikanga i hangaia mā te whakamahi i ngā tawhā i whiwhihia mai i te arotau i tātarihia tuatahitia i roto i te kaupapa ADAMS. I muri i tēnā, i whakahaerehia ngā whakamātautau whakamātautau mā te whakauru i ngā puna i hangaia ki roto i ngā tikanga tūturu. Nā te whakamātautau, i kitea kua tuwhera ngā parirau i muri i te 90 mirihekona pea. He iti rawa tēnei uara i te whāinga a te kaupapa, arā, 200 mirihekona. Hei tāpiri, ko te rerekētanga i waenga i ngā hua tātari me ngā hua whakamātautau he 16 ms noa iho.
I roto i ngā waka rererangi me ngā waka moana, he mea nui ngā tikanga takai ngongo kowiri tira. Ka whakamahia ēnei pūnaha i roto i ngā whakarerekētanga me ngā whakawhiti waka rererangi hei whakapai ake i te mahi rere me te whakahaere. I runga i te aratau rere, ka takai, ka whāwhā rerekē ngā parirau hei whakaiti i te pānga aerodynamic1. Ka taea te whakarite i tēnei āhuatanga ki ngā nekehanga o ngā parirau o ētahi manu me ngā pepeke i te wā e rere ana me te ruku ana i ia rā. Waihoki, ka takai, ka whāwhā ngā waka rere i roto i ngā waka ruku hei whakaiti i ngā pānga wai me te whakanui ake i te whakahaere3. Ko tētahi atu kaupapa o ēnei tikanga ko te whakarato i ngā painga rōrahi ki ngā pūnaha pēnei i te takai o te poroporo hērakapa 4 mō te rokiroki me te kawe. Ka takai hoki ngā parirau o te rōkete ki raro hei whakaiti i te wāhi rokiroki. Nō reira, ka taea te whakanoho i ētahi atu pere ki runga i tētahi wāhi iti ake o te kaiwhakarewa 5. Ko ngā wāhanga e whakamahia pai ana i roto i te takai me te whāwhā ko ngā puna. I te wā o te takai, ka rongoatia te pūngao ki roto, ā, ka tukuna i te wā o te whāwhā. Nā tōna hanganga ngāwari, ka taurite te pūngao kua rongoatia me te tukuna. Ko te puna te mea nui i hangaia mō te pūnaha, ā, he raruraru arotau tēnei hoahoa6. Ahakoa kei roto i tēnei rauemi ngā momo taurangi pēnei i te diameter o te waea, te diameter o te koiri, te maha o ngā hurihanga, te koki porowhita me te momo rauemi, kei reira anō hoki ngā paearu pēnei i te papatipu, te rōrahi, te tohatoha ahotea iti rawa, te wātea nui rawa rānei o te pūngao7.
E whakamārama ana tēnei rangahau i te hoahoa me te arotautanga o ngā puna mō ngā tikanga takai parirau e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā pūnaha rōkete. I roto i te ngongo whakarewa i mua i te rerenga, ka noho takai tonu ngā parirau ki runga i te mata o te rōkete, ā, i muri i te putanga mai i te ngongo whakarewa, ka whāwhātia mō tētahi wā, ka noho pēhi tonu ki te mata. He mea nui tēnei tukanga mō te mahi tika o te rōkete. I roto i te tikanga takai kua whakawhanakehia, ka whakahaerehia te whakatuwheratanga o ngā parirau e ngā puna hurihuri, ā, ka whakahaerehia te raka e ngā puna pēhi. Hei hoahoa i tētahi puna e tika ana, me mahi he tukanga arotautanga. I roto i te arotautanga puna, he maha ngā tono i roto i ngā tuhinga.
I tautuhia e Paredes et al.8 te tauwehenga roa o te ngenge hei mahi whāinga mō te hoahoa i ngā puna porowhita, ā, i whakamahia te tikanga quasi-Newtonian hei tikanga arotau. I tautuhia ngā taurangi i roto i te arotau ko te diameter waea, te diameter koiri, te maha o ngā hurihanga, me te roa o te puna. Ko tētahi atu tawhā o te hanganga puna ko te rauemi i hangaia ai. Nō reira, i whakaarohia tēnei i roto i ngā rangahau hoahoa me te arotau. I whakatakoto a Zebdi et al. 9 i ngā whāinga o te pakari mōrahi me te taumaha iti rawa i roto i te mahi whāinga i roto i tā rātou rangahau, i reira he mea nui te tauwehenga taumaha. I tēnei take, i tautuhia e rātou te rauemi puna me ngā āhuatanga āhuahanga hei taurangi. Ka whakamahia e rātou he rauropi ira hei tikanga arotau. I roto i te umanga motuka, he maha ngā huarahi e whai hua ai te taumaha o ngā rauemi, mai i te mahi waka ki te kai wahie. Ko te whakaiti i te taumaha i te wā e arotau ana i ngā puna koiri mō te whakatārewatanga he rangahau rongonui10. I tautuhia e Bahshesh rāua ko Bahshesh11 ngā rauemi pēnei i te E-glass, te waro me te Kevlar hei taurangi i roto i tā rātou mahi i roto i te taiao ANSYS me te whāinga kia tutuki te taumaha iti rawa me te kaha kume mōrahi i roto i ngā hoahoa hiato puna whakatārewatanga. He mea nui te tukanga hanga i roto i te whanaketanga o ngā puna hiato. Nō reira, ka uru mai ngā taurangi maha ki roto i tētahi raruraru arotau, pērā i te tikanga whakaputa, ngā mahi i mahia i roto i te tukanga, me te raupapa o aua mahi12,13. I te wā e hoahoa ana i ngā puna mō ngā pūnaha hihiri, me whai whakaaro ki ngā auau taiao o te pūnaha. E taunakihia ana kia 5-10 ngā wā o te auau taiao tuatahi o te puna kia iti rawa te auau taiao o te pūnaha hei karo i te haruru14. I whakatau a Taktak me ētahi atu ki te whakaiti i te papatipu o te puna, me te whakanui ake i te auau taiao tuatahi hei mahi whāinga i roto i te hoahoa puna koiri. I whakamahia e rātou te rapu tauira, te pūwāhi o roto, te huinga hohe, me ngā tikanga rauropi ira i roto i te taputapu arotau Matlab. Ko te rangahau tātari he wāhanga o te rangahau hoahoa puna, ā, he rongonui te Tikanga Huānga Mutunga i tēnei wāhanga15. I whakawhanakehia e Patil me ētahi atu16 tētahi tikanga arotau hei whakaiti i te taumaha o tētahi puna porowhita kōpeketanga mā te whakamahi i tētahi tikanga tātari, ā, i whakamatauria ngā whārite tātari mā te whakamahi i te tikanga huānga mutunga. Ko tētahi atu paearu hei whakanui ake i te whai huatanga o tētahi puna ko te pikinga o te pūngao ka taea e ia te penapena. Mā tēnei take anō hoki ka mau tonu te whai huatanga o te puna mō te wā roa. E whai ana a Rahul rāua ko Rameshkumar17 ki te whakaiti i te rahinga o te puna me te whakanui ake i te kaha taumahatanga i roto i ngā hoahoa puna koiri waka. Kua whakamahia hoki e rāua ngā rauropi ira i roto i ngā rangahau arotau.
E kitea ana, he rerekē ngā tawhā i roto i te rangahau arotau i ia pūnaha ki ia pūnaha. I te nuinga o te wā, he mea nui ngā tawhā pakari me te ahotea kutikuti i roto i tētahi pūnaha e mau ana te kawenga hei take whakatau. Kei roto i te pūnaha rohe taumaha te kōwhiringa rauemi me ēnei tawhā e rua. I tētahi atu taha, ka tirohia ngā auau taiao hei karo i ngā haruru i roto i ngā pūnaha tino hihiri. I roto i ngā pūnaha e whai tikanga ana te whai huatanga, ka whakanuia te pūngao. I roto i ngā rangahau arotau, ahakoa e whakamahia ana te FEM mō ngā rangahau tātari, ka kitea ko ngā rauropi metaheuristic pērā i te rauropi ira14,18 me te rauropi wuruhi hina19 e whakamahia tahitia ana me te tikanga Newton matarohia i roto i te whānuitanga o ētahi tawhā. Kua whakawhanakehia ngā rauropi metaheuristic i runga i ngā tikanga urutau taiao e whakatata ana ki te āhua tino pai i roto i te wā poto, inā koa i raro i te awe o te taupori20,21. Me te tohatoha matapōkere o te taupori i roto i te rohe rapu, ka karohia e rātou te tino pai o te rohe, ka neke ki te tino pai o te ao22. Nō reira, i ngā tau tata nei kua whakamahia pinepine i roto i te horopaki o ngā raruraru ahumahi tūturu23,24.
Ko te take nui mō te tikanga takai i whakawhanakehia i roto i tēnei rangahau ko ngā parirau, i te tūranga kati i mua i te rere, ka tuwhera mō tētahi wā i muri i te wehenga atu i te ngongo. Whai muri i tēnā, ka āraia te parirau e te huānga raka. Nō reira, kāore ngā puna e pā tika ki ngā nekehanga rere. I tēnei take, ko te whāinga o te arotautanga ko te whakanui ake i te pūngao kua rongoatia hei whakatere i te nekehanga o te puna. Ko te whānui o te roera, te whānui o te waea, te maha o ngā roera me te piko i tautuhia hei tawhā arotautanga. Nā te iti o te rahi o te puna, kāore te taumaha i whakaarohia he whāinga. Nō reira, ko te momo rauemi i tautuhia he pumau. Ko te tawhā haumaru mō ngā whakarerekētanga miihini ka whakatauhia hei herenga nui. Hei tāpiri, kei roto i te whānuitanga o te miihini ngā here rahi rerekē. I whiriwhiria te tikanga BA metaheuristic hei tikanga arotautanga. I paingia a BA mō tōna hanganga ngāwari me te māmā, me ōna ahunga whakamua i roto i te rangahau arotautanga miihini25. I te wāhanga tuarua o te rangahau, kei roto i te anga o te hoahoa taketake me te hoahoa puna o te miihini takai ngā kīanga pāngarau taipitopito. Kei roto i te wāhanga tuatoru te raupapa arotautanga me ngā hua arotautanga. Ka whakahaerehia e te Upoko 4 te tātari i roto i te kaupapa ADAMS. Ka tātarihia te pai o ngā puna i mua i te hanga. Kei roto i te wāhanga whakamutunga ngā hua whakamātautau me ngā whakaahua whakamātautau. I whakaritea hoki ngā hua i puta mai i te rangahau ki ngā mahi o mua a ngā kaituhi mā te whakamahi i te huarahi DOE.
Me piko ngā parirau i whakawhanakehia i tēnei rangahau ki te mata o te rōkete. Ka huri ngā parirau mai i te tūranga piko ki te tūranga tuwhera. Mō tēnei, i whakawhanakehia he tikanga motuhake. Kei te pikitia 1 te whakaatu i te whirihoranga piko me te whirihoranga tuwhera5 i roto i te pūnaha taunga rōkete.
Kei te pikitia 2 te tirohanga wāhanga o te tikanga. He maha ngā wāhanga miihini o te tikanga: (1) te tinana matua, (2) te pou parirau, (3) te whāriki, (4) te tinana raka, (5) te rakau raka, (6) te pine aukati, (7) te puna hurihuri me (8) ngā puna pēhi. Ka honoa te pou parirau (2) ki te puna hurihuri (7) mā te ringaringa raka (4). Ka huri ngātahi ngā wāhanga e toru i muri i te rere o te rōkete. Mā tēnei nekehanga hurihuri, ka huri ngā parirau ki tō rātou tūranga whakamutunga. Whai muri i tēnā, ka whakaohokia te pine (6) e te puna pēhi (8), ā, ka ārai i te tikanga katoa o te tinana raka (4)5.
Ko te modulus elastic (E) me te modulus sheat (G) ngā tawhā hoahoa matua o te puna. I roto i tēnei rangahau, i whiriwhiria te waea maitai puna waro-teitei (Waea Music ASTM A228) hei rauemi puna. Ko ētahi atu tawhā ko te diameter waea (d), te diameter koiri toharite (Dm), te maha o ngā koiri (N) me te piko o te puna (xd mō ngā puna kōpeketanga me te θ mō ngā puna torsion)26. Ka taea te tatau i te pūngao rongoa mō ngā puna kōpeketanga \({(SE}_{x})\) me ngā puna torsion (\({SE}_{\theta}\)) mai i te whārite. (1) me te (2)26. (Ko te uara modulus sheat (G) mō te puna kōpeketanga ko 83.7E9 Pa, ā, ko te uara modulus elastic (E) mō te puna torsion ko 203.4E9 Pa.)
Ko ngā āhuatanga ā-pūkaha o te pūnaha e whakatau tika ana i ngā here ā-ira o te puna. Hei tāpiri, me whai whakaaro hoki ki ngā āhuatanga e tū ai te rōkete. Mā ēnei āhuatanga ka whakatau ngā rohe o ngā tawhā puna. Ko tētahi atu herenga nui ko te tauwehenga haumaru. Ko te whakamāramatanga o te tauwehenga haumaru e whakaahuahia ana i roto i ngā taipitopito e Shigley et al.26. Ko te tauwehenga haumaru puna pēhanga (SFC) e tautuhia ana ko te ahotea mōrahi e whakaaetia ana ka wehea ki te ahotea i runga i te roa tonu. Ka taea te tatau i te SFC mā te whakamahi i ngā whārite. (3), (4), (5) me te (6)26. (Mō te rauemi puna i whakamahia i roto i tēnei rangahau, \({S}_{sy}=980 MPa\)). Ko F te tohu o te kaha i roto i te whārite, ā, ko KB te tohu o te tauwehenga Bergstrasser o te 26.
Ko te tauwehenga haumaru takahuri o te puna (SFT) e tautuhia ana ko M wehea ki te k. Ka taea te tatau i te SFT mai i te whārite. (7), (8), (9) me te (10)26. (Mō te rauemi i whakamahia i roto i tēnei rangahau, \({S}_{y}=1600 \mathrm{MPa}\)). I roto i te whārite, ka whakamahia a M mō te taipana, ka whakamahia a \({k}^{^{\prime}}\) mō te pūmau puna (taipana/hurihuri), ā, ka whakamahia a Ki mō te tauwehenga whakatikatika ahotea.
Ko te whāinga matua o tēnei rangahau ko te whakanui ake i te kaha o te puna. Kua hangaia te mahi whāinga hei kimi i te \(\overrightarrow{\{X\}}\) e whakanui ana i te \(f(X)\). Ko \({f}_{1}(X)\) me \({f}_{2}(X)\) ngā mahi kaha o te puna kōpeketanga me te puna torsion. Ko ngā taurangi me ngā mahi kua tatauhia e whakamahia ana mō te arotautanga e whakaaturia ana i roto i ngā whārite e whai ake nei.
Kei roto i ngā whārite e whai ake nei ngā herenga rerekē i whakatakotoria ki te hoahoa o te puna. Ko ngā whārite (15) me te (16) e tohu ana i ngā tauwehenga haumaru mō ngā puna kōpeketanga me ngā puna takahurihuri. I roto i tēnei rangahau, me nui ake, me ōrite rānei te SFC ki te 1.2, ā, me nui ake, me ōrite rānei te SFT ki te θ26.
I ahu mai a BA i ngā rautaki rapu hae a ngā pī27. Ka rapu ngā pī mā te tuku atu i ngā kaiwhai ki ngā mara hae momona, me te iti ake o ngā kaiwhai ki ngā mara hae iti ake te momona. Nō reira, ka tutuki te tino whai huatanga mai i te taupori pī. I tētahi atu taha, ka haere tonu ngā pī tirotiro ki te rapu i ngā wāhi hou o te hae, ā, ki te mea he nui ake ngā wāhi hua i mua, ka tukuna he maha ngā kaiwhai ki tēnei rohe hou28. E rua ngā wāhanga o te BA: te rapu ā-rohe me te rapu ā-ao. Ka rapu te rapu ā-rohe mō ngā hapori maha atu e tata ana ki te iti rawa (ngā wāhi rangatira), pērā i ngā pī, ā, ka iti ake te rapu mō ētahi atu wāhi (ngā wāhi pai, ngā wāhi kua tīpakohia rānei). Ka mahia he rapunga ā-wā i te wāhanga rapu ā-ao, ā, ki te kitea he uara pai, ka nekehia ngā teihana ki te wāhanga rapu ā-rohe i te mahi e whai ake nei. Kei roto i te rauropi ētahi tawhā: te maha o ngā pī tirotiro (n), te maha o ngā wāhi rapu ā-rohe (m), te maha o ngā wāhi rangatira (e), te maha o ngā kaiwhai i ngā wāhi rangatira (nep), te maha o ngā kaiwhai i ngā wāhi pai. Te pae (nsp), te rahi o te rohe (ngh), me te maha o ngā tāruarua (I)29. Kei te whakaatuhia te waehere rūpahu BA i te Pikitia 3.
Ka ngana te rauropi ki te mahi i waenga i te \({g}_{1}(X)\) me te \({g}_{2}(X)\). Hei hua o ia whakahoutanga, ka whakatauhia ngā uara tino pai, ā, ka kohia he taupori huri noa i ēnei uara hei ngana ki te tiki i ngā uara pai rawa atu. Ka tirohia ngā here i roto i ngā wāhanga rapu ā-rohe me te ao. I roto i te rapu ā-rohe, ki te tika ēnei āhuatanga, ka tatauhia te uara pūngao. Mena he nui ake te uara pūngao hou i te uara tino pai, tohaina te uara hou ki te uara tino pai. Mena he nui ake te uara pai rawa atu i kitea i roto i te hua rapu i te huānga o nāianei, ka whakaurua te huānga hou ki te kohinga. Kei te whakaatuhia te hoahoa poraka o te rapu ā-rohe i te Pikitia 4.
Ko te taupori tētahi o ngā tawhā matua i roto i te BA. Ka kitea mai i ngā rangahau o mua ko te whakawhānui i te taupori ka whakaiti i te maha o ngā whakahoutanga e hiahiatia ana, ā, ka whakanui ake i te tūponotanga o te angitu. Heoi, kei te piki haere hoki te maha o ngā aromatawai mahi. Kāore te noho mai o te maha o ngā pae rangatira e pā nui ana ki te mahi. Ka iti pea te maha o ngā pae rangatira mena ehara i te kore30. Ko te rahi o te taupori pī tirotiro (n) ka whiriwhiria i waenga i te 30 me te 100. I roto i tēnei rangahau, i whakahaerehia ngā āhuatanga 30 me te 50 hei whakatau i te maha e tika ana (Ripanga 2). Ka whakatauhia ētahi atu tawhā i runga i te taupori. Ko te maha o ngā pae kua tīpakohia (m) he (tata ki te) 25% o te rahi o te taupori, ā, ko te maha o ngā pae rangatira (e) i roto i ngā pae kua tīpakohia he 25% o te m. Ko te maha o ngā pī whāngai (te maha o ngā rapunga) i whiriwhiria kia 100 mō ngā papa rangatira me te 30 mō ētahi atu papa ā-rohe. Ko te rapunga tata te ariā taketake o ngā rauropi whanaketanga katoa. I roto i tēnei rangahau, i whakamahia te tikanga tatai tata. Ka whakaitihia e tēnei tikanga te rahi o te rohe i tētahi tere i ia tāruarua. I ngā tāruarua o muri mai, ka taea te whakamahi i ngā uara rohe iti ake30 mō tētahi rapunga tika ake.
Mō ia horopaki, tekau ngā whakamātautau karapīpiti i mahia hei tirotiro i te āheinga tāruarua o te rauropi arotau. Kei te pikitia 5 ngā hua o te arotautanga o te puna torsion mō te kaupapa 1, ā, kei te pikitia 6 – mō te kaupapa 2. Kei roto hoki i ngā ripanga 3 me te 4 ngā raraunga whakamātautau (kei roto i ngā Mōhiohio Tāpiri S1 te ripanga kei roto ngā hua i whiwhi mō te puna kōpeketanga). Ka kaha ake te rapu uara pai i te taupori pī i te taunga tuatahi. I te horopaki 1, i raro iho i te mōrahi ngā hua o ētahi whakamātautau. I te horopaki 2, ka kitea kei te tata ngā hua arotautanga katoa ki te mōrahi nā te pikinga o te taupori me ētahi atu tawhā e tika ana. Ka kitea he rawaka ngā uara i te horopaki 2 mō te rauropi.
Ina whiwhi i te uara pūngao mōrahi i roto i ngā tāruarua, ka whakaratohia hoki he tauwehenga haumaru hei here mō te rangahau. Tirohia te ripanga mō te tauwehenga haumaru. Ko ngā uara pūngao i whiwhi mā te whakamahi i te BA ka whakaritea ki ērā i whiwhi mā te whakamahi i te tikanga 5 DOE i te Ripanga 5. (Hei ngāwari ake te hanga, ko te maha o ngā hurihanga (N) o te puna torsion he 4.9 kaua ko te 4.88, ā, ko te piko (xd) he 8 mm kaua ko te 7.99 mm i roto i te puna kōpeketanga.) Ka kitea he pai ake te Hua o te BA. Ka arotakehia e BA ngā uara katoa mā roto i ngā rapunga ā-rohe me te ao whānui. Mā tēnei ka taea e ia te whakamātau tere ake i ngā huarahi kē atu.
I roto i tēnei rangahau, i whakamahia a Adams hei tātari i te nekehanga o te mīhini parirau. I te tuatahi ka hoatu ki a Adams he tauira 3D o te mīhini. Kātahi ka tautuhia he puna me ngā tawhā i tīpakohia i te wāhanga o mua. Hei tāpiri, me tautuhi ētahi atu tawhā mō te tātaritanga tuturu. Ko ēnei ko ngā tawhā ā-tinana pēnei i ngā hononga, ngā āhuatanga rauemi, te whakapā, te waku, me te kaha ā-papa. He hononga hurihuri kei waenganui i te kakau mata me te peera. E 5-6 ngā hononga porotaka. E 5-1 ngā hononga pūmau. He mea hanga te tinana matua ki te rauemi konumohe, ā, he pūmau. Ko te rauemi o ngā wāhanga e toe ana he maitai. Kōwhiria te tauwehenga waku, te pakari whakapā me te hohonu o te urunga o te mata waku i runga i te momo rauemi. (kowiri tira AISI 304) I roto i tēnei rangahau, ko te tawhā matua ko te wā whakatuwheratanga o te mīhini parirau, me iti iho i te 200 ms. Nō reira, kia mataara ki te wā whakatuwheratanga o te parirau i te wā tātaritanga.
Nā te tātaritanga a Adams, ko te wā whakatuwheratanga o te pūnaha parirau he 74 mirihekona. Ko ngā hua o te whakatauira hihiri mai i te 1 ki te 4 e whakaaturia ana i te Pikitia 7. Ko te pikitia tuatahi i te Pikitia 5 ko te wā tīmatanga whakatauira, ā, kei te tūranga tatari ngā parirau mō te takai. (2) E whakaatu ana i te tūranga o te parirau i muri i te 40ms ina huri te parirau ki te 43 nekehanga. (3) e whakaatu ana i te tūranga o te parirau i muri i te 71 mirihekona. I roto hoki i te pikitia whakamutunga (4) e whakaatu ana i te mutunga o te hurihanga o te parirau me te tūranga tuwhera. Nā te tātaritanga hihiri, i kitea he poto ake te pūnaha whakatuwheratanga parirau i te uara whāinga o te 200 ms. Hei tāpiri, i te wā e ine ana i ngā puna, i tīpakohia ngā rohe haumaru mai i ngā uara teitei rawa atu i tūtohutia i roto i ngā tuhinga.
I muri i te otinga o ngā rangahau hoahoa, arotakenga me te whakatauira katoa, i hangaia he tauira o te tikanga, ā, i whakauruhia. I whakamatautauria te tauira hei manatoko i ngā hua whakatauira. Tuatahi, whakauhia te anga matua, kātahi ka whakapikohia ngā parirau. Kātahi ka tukuna ngā parirau mai i te tūranga whakapiko, ā, i hangaia he ataata o te hurihanga o ngā parirau mai i te tūranga whakapiko ki te tūranga i whakatūria. I whakamahia hoki te taima hei tātari i te wā i te wā e hopu ataata ana.
Kei te pikitia 8 ngā anga ataata kua tau 1-4. Ko te anga nama 1 i te pikitia e whakaatu ana i te wā tukunga o ngā parirau kua piko. E kiia ana tēnei wā ko te wā tīmatanga o te wā t0. E whakaatu ana ngā anga 2 me te 3 i ngā tūranga o ngā parirau 40 ms me te 70 ms i muri i te wā tīmatanga. Ina tātarihia ngā anga 3 me te 4, ka kitea ko te nekehanga o te parirau ka pumau 90 ms i muri i te t0, ā, ka oti te whakatuwheratanga o te parirau i waenga i te 70 me te 90 ms. Ko te tikanga o tēnei āhuatanga, tata rite te wā whakatakoto parirau e tukuna ana e te whakatauira me te whakamātautau tauira, ā, ka tutuki i te hoahoa ngā whakaritenga mahi o te tikanga.
I roto i tēnei tuhinga, ka arotauhia ngā puna hurihuri me te kōpeketanga e whakamahia ana i roto i te tikanga takai parirau mā te whakamahi i te BA. Ka taea te tere te whakatutuki i ngā tawhā mā te torutoru noa o ngā whakahoutanga. Ko te whakatauranga o te puna hurihuri he 1075 mJ, ā, ko te whakatauranga o te puna kōpeketanga he 37.24 mJ. He 40-50% te pai ake o ēnei uara i ngā rangahau DOE o mua. Ka whakauruhia te puna ki roto i te tikanga, ā, ka tātarihia ki roto i te kaupapa ADAMS. I te tātarihia, i kitea ko ngā parirau i tuwhera i roto i te 74 mirihekona. He iti rawa tēnei uara i te whāinga a te kaupapa o te 200 mirihekona. I roto i tētahi rangahau whakamātautau i muri mai, i inehia te wā tahuri ki te 90 ms. Ko tēnei rerekētanga 16 mirihekona i waenga i ngā tātaritanga pea nā ngā āhuatanga taiao kāore i tauirahia i roto i te pūmanawa. E whakaponohia ana ka taea te whakamahi i te rauropi arotautanga i whiwhihia hei hua o te rangahau mō ngā hoahoa puna rerekē.
I tautuhia i mua te rauemi puna, ā, kāore i whakamahia hei taurangi i roto i te arotautanga. Nā te mea he maha ngā momo puna rerekē e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā waka rererangi me ngā rōkete, ka whakamahia te BA ki te hoahoa i ētahi atu momo puna mā te whakamahi i ngā rauemi rerekē hei whakatutuki i te hoahoa puna tino pai i roto i ngā rangahau a meake nei.
E whakaatu ana mātou he tuhinga taketake tēnei, kāore anō kia whakaputaina i mua, ā, kāore hoki e whakaarohia ana kia whakaputaina ki tētahi atu wāhi i tēnei wā.
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