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Microbial corrosion (MIC) matsala ce mai tsanani a masana'antu da yawa saboda yana iya haifar da asarar tattalin arziki mai yawa.2707 super duplex bakin karfe (2707 HDSS) an yi amfani dashi a cikin yanayin ruwa saboda kyakkyawan juriya na sinadarai. Duk da haka, juriya ga MIC ba a gwada shi ba. bincike.Electrochemical bincike ya nuna cewa a gaban Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm a cikin 2216E matsakaici, akwai canji mai kyau a cikin yiwuwar lalata da kuma karuwa a cikin lalata halin yanzu. biofilm ya samar da matsakaicin zurfin rami na 0.69 μm a lokacin kwanakin 14. Ko da yake wannan karami ne, yana nuna cewa 2707 HDSS ba ta da cikakkiyar kariya ga MIC na P. aeruginosa biofilms.
Duplex bakin karfe (DSS) ana amfani da ko'ina a cikin daban-daban masana'antu domin su manufa hade da kyau kwarai inji Properties da lalata resistance1,2.Amma, gida pitting har yanzu faruwa da kuma rinjayar da mutuncin wannan steel3,4.DSS ba resistant zuwa microbial lalata (MIC) 5,6.Duk da fadi da kewayon aikace-aikace na DSS, da akwai har yanzu lalata-juriya ga DSS. amfani.This yana nufin mafi tsada kayan da high lalata juriya ana bukata.Jeon et al7 gano cewa ko da super duplex bakin karfe (SDSS) da wasu gazawa cikin sharuddan lalata juriya.Saboda haka, super duplex bakin karfe (HDSS) tare da mafi girma lalata juriya ake bukata a wasu aikace-aikace.Wannan ya haifar da ci gaban HDSS sosai alloyed.
Rashin juriya na DSS ya dogara ne akan rabo na alpha da gamma da kuma Cr, Mo da W yankunan da suka lalace 8, 9, 10 kusa da kashi na biyu.HDSS ya ƙunshi babban abun ciki na Cr, Mo da N11, don haka yana da kyakkyawan juriya na lalata da kuma babban darajar (45-50) Pitting Resistance Equivalent Number + 3% .wt. 0.5 wt% W) + 16 wt% N12. Kyakkyawan juriya na lalata yana dogara ne akan daidaitaccen abun da ke dauke da kusan 50% ferrite (α) da 50% austenite (γ), HDSS yana da mafi kyawun kayan aikin injiniya da juriya mafi girma fiye da na al'ada DSS13. Abubuwan lalata chloride.Ingantaccen juriya na lalata yana faɗaɗa amfani da HDSS a cikin ƙarin yanayin lalata chloride, kamar yanayin ruwa.
MICs babbar matsala ce a masana'antu da yawa kamar man fetur da gas da kayan aikin ruwa14.MIC yana da kashi 20 cikin 100 na duk lalacewar lalacewa15.MIC shine lalatawar bioelectrochemical wanda za'a iya lura da shi a yawancin yanayi.Biofilms wanda ke samuwa a kan ƙananan ƙarfe yana canza yanayin yanayin electrochemical, ta haka yana rinjayar tsarin lalacewa. lalata karafa don samun makamashi mai dorewa don tsira. 18 ya nuna cewa masu shiga tsakani na lantarki suna hanzarta canja wurin lantarki tsakanin sel Desulfovibrio sessificans da 304 bakin karfe, wanda ke haifar da mummunan harin MIC.Enning et al. 19 da Venzlaff et al. 20 ya nuna cewa ƙwayoyin cuta masu rage sulfate (SRB) biofilms na iya ɗaukar electrons kai tsaye daga abubuwan ƙarfe na ƙarfe, yana haifar da lalatawar rami mai tsanani.
DSS an san yana da saurin kamuwa da MIC a cikin mahallin da ke ɗauke da SRB, ƙwayoyin cuta masu rage baƙin ƙarfe (IRB), da sauransu.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa ne mai gram-korau motile sanda-dimbin yawa kwayoyin cuta da aka rarraba a cikin yanayi25. 28 da Yuan et al. 29 ya nuna cewa Pseudomonas aeruginosa yana da hali don ƙara yawan lalata na ƙarfe mai laushi da gami a cikin mahalli mai ruwa.
Babban makasudin wannan aikin shine don bincika abubuwan MIC na 2707 HDSS da ke haifar da ƙwayoyin cuta na marine aerobic Pseudomonas aeruginosa ta amfani da hanyoyin electrochemical, fasahar nazarin sararin samaniya da kuma nazarin samfuran lalata. Nazarin ilimin kimiyyar da suka haɗa da Buɗe Mahimmanci (OCP), Resistance Linear Polarization Resistance (LPR), Electroscopy (LPR), Polarization Resistance (LPR), Electroscopy (Polarization). nazarin halin MIC na 2707 HDSS. An gudanar da bincike na makamashi mai rarraba wutar lantarki (EDS) don gano abubuwan sinadarai a kan lalataccen wuri. Bugu da ƙari, an yi amfani da bincike na X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) don ƙayyade kwanciyar hankali na fim din oxide a ƙarƙashin rinjayar yanayin ruwa mai dauke da Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ma'auni mai zurfi na laser).
Table 1 ya bada jerin sunayen sinadaran sinadaran na 2707 HDSS.Table 2 ya nuna cewa 2707 HDSS yana da kyau kwarai inji Properties tare da yawan amfanin ƙasa ƙarfi na 650 MPa.Hoto 1 ya nuna da Tantancewar microstructure na bayani zafi bi 2707 HDSS.Elongated makada na austenite da ferrite bulan ba tare da sakandare bulan za a iya gani a cikin wani% 5 microstruite. ferrite matakai.
Hoto 2a yana nuna yiwuwar yiwuwar budewa (Eocp) tare da bayanan lokacin bayyanarwa don 2707 HDSS a cikin abiotic 2216E matsakaici da P. aeruginosa broth na kwanaki 14 a 37 ° C. Yana nuna cewa mafi girma da gagarumin canji a cikin Eocp yana faruwa a cikin sa'o'i 24 na farko. Ƙimar Eocp a cikin duka lokuta biyu ya ragu a -145.6 m a kusa da -145. a hankali, kai -477 mV (vs. SCE) da -236 mV (vs. SCE) don samfurin abiotic da P, bi da bi). Pseudomonas aeruginosa takardun shaida, bi da bi.Bayan 24 hours, da Eocp darajar 2707 HDSS ga P. aeruginosa ya kasance ingantacciyar barga a -228 mV (vs. SCE), yayin da daidai darajar ga wadanda ba nazarin halittu samfurori ya kasance kamar -442 mV (vs. SCE) .Eocp a wajen wani low gaban Posagino.
Gwajin Electrochemical na samfuran 2707 HDSS a cikin matsakaicin abiotic da Pseudomonas aeruginosa broth a 37 ° C:
(a) Eocp a matsayin aikin lokacin fallasa, (b) magudanar polarization a rana ta 14, (c) Rp a matsayin aikin lokacin fallasa da (d) icorr a matsayin aikin lokacin fallasa.
Table 3 ya bada jerin sunayen ma'auni na ma'auni na electrochemical na samfurori na 2707 HDSS da aka fallasa zuwa matsakaicin abiotic da Pseudomonas aeruginosa inoculated matsakaici don kwanaki 14. The tangents na anodic da cathodic masu lankwasa da aka extrapolated su isa a intersections samar da lalata halin yanzu yawa (icorr), β) lalata da kuma lalata (lalata) bisa ga daidaitattun hanyoyin30,31.
Kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin Hoto 2b, hawan hawan P. aeruginosa zuwa sama ya haifar da karuwa a cikin Ecorr idan aka kwatanta da nau'in abiotic. Ƙimar icorr, wanda ya dace da ƙimar lalata, ya karu zuwa 0.328 μA cm-2 a cikin samfurin Pseudomonas aeruginosa, sau hudu na samfurin da ba na halitta ba (μ 082) .
LPR ne mai classic non-destructive electrochemical hanya don m lalata analysis.It kuma an yi amfani da su nazarin MIC32.Hoto 2c ya nuna polarization juriya (Rp) a matsayin aiki na daukan hotuna lokaci.A mafi girma Rp darajar yana nufin ƙasa da lalata. A cikin na farko 24 hours, da Rp na 2707 HDSS ya kai wani matsakaicin darajar 1925 cm da kΩ2 kΩ2 kΩ2 kΩ2 kΩ2 cm. Pseudomonas aeruginosa samfurori. Hoto 2c kuma ya nuna cewa darajar Rp ta ragu da sauri bayan kwana ɗaya sannan kuma ya kasance ba tare da canzawa ba don kwanaki 13 masu zuwa. Ƙimar Rp na samfurin Pseudomonas aeruginosa yana da kusan 40 kΩ cm2, wanda ya fi ƙasa da 450 kΩ cm2 na samfurin da ba na halitta ba.
Ƙimar icorr ta yi daidai da daidaitaccen adadin lalata. Ana iya ƙididdige ƙimarsa daga ma'aunin Stern-Geary mai zuwa,
Bayan Zou et al. 33, a hankula darajar Tafel gangara B a cikin wannan aikin da aka zaci ya zama 26 mV / Dec. Hoto 2d ya nuna cewa icorr na wadanda ba nazarin halittu 2707 samfurin zauna in mun gwada da barga, yayin da P. aeruginosa samfurin fluctuated ƙwarai bayan na farko 24 hours. The icorr dabi'u na oda mafi girma daga cikin oda magsa nonbiological model anerude. controls.Wannan yanayin yayi daidai da sakamakon juriya na polarization.
EIS wata fasaha ce da ba ta lalacewa da aka yi amfani da ita don nuna halayen halayen electrochemical a cikin ɓarnawar ɓarna. Impedance spectra da ƙididdige ƙimar ƙima na samfuran da aka fallasa su ga kafofin watsa labarai na abiotic da Pseudomonas aeruginosa bayani, Rb juriya na fim / biofilm da aka kafa akan farfajiyar samfurin, Rct cajin wutar lantarki sau biyu, CdC Canja wurin wutar lantarki, Cdcitance Canja wurin juriya, Cdcitance Canja wutar lantarki, Cdcitance Canja wutar lantarki, Cdcitance Canja wutar lantarki da Cdcitance Cdcitance. Ma'auni na Mataki na Element (CPE).An kara nazarin waɗannan sigogi ta hanyar dacewa da bayanai ta hanyar amfani da samfurin da'irar (EEC).
Hoto na 3 yana nuna nau'ikan makircin Nyquist (a da b) da Bode (a' da b') na samfuran HDSS 2707 a cikin matsakaici na abiotic da P. aeruginosa broth don lokutan shiryawa daban-daban. Diamita na zoben Nyquist yana raguwa a gaban Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The Bode mãkirci (Fig. 3. Yana nuna karuwa a cikin jimlar girma). Za'a iya ba da lokaci na shakatawa akai-akai ta hanyar maxima. Hoto na 4 yana nuna tsarin jiki na monolayer (a) da bilayer (b) da kuma daidaitattun EECs.CPE an gabatar da su a cikin tsarin EEC. An bayyana shigar da shi da kuma impedance kamar haka:
Samfuran jiki guda biyu da madaidaitan da'irori masu dacewa don dacewa da bakan impedance na samfurin 2707 HDSS:
inda Y0 shine girman CPE, j shine lambar hasashe ko (-1) 1/2, ω shine mitar angular, kuma n shine ma'aunin wutar lantarki na CPE kasa da haɗin kai35. The inverse na cajin canja wurin juriya (watau 1 / Rct) yayi daidai da ƙimar lalata. Ƙananan Rct yana nufin sauri lalata rate27. Samfurin aeruginosa ya kai 32 kΩ cm2, ya fi ƙanƙanta fiye da 489 kΩ cm2 na samfuran marasa ilimin halitta (Table 4).
Hotunan CLSM da hotuna na SEM a cikin Hoto 5 sun nuna a fili cewa ɗaukar hoto na biofilm a saman samfurin 2707 HDSS bayan kwanaki 7 yana da yawa. Duk da haka, bayan kwanaki 14, ɗaukar hoto na biofilm ya kasance mai banƙyama kuma wasu matattun kwayoyin halitta sun bayyana.Table 5 yana nuna kauri na biofilm a kan 2707 HDSS samfurori a kan 2707 HDSS samfurori na tsawon kwanaki 7. Kauri biofilm ya canza daga 23.4 μm bayan kwanaki 7 zuwa 18.9 μm bayan kwanaki 14. Matsakaicin kauri na biofilm kuma ya tabbatar da wannan yanayin.Ya rage daga 22.2 ± 0.7 μm bayan kwanaki 7 zuwa 17.8 ± 1.0 μm bayan kwanaki 14.
(a) Hoton 3-D CLSM bayan kwanaki 7, (b) Hoton 3-D CLSM bayan kwanaki 14, (c) Hoton SEM bayan kwanaki 7 da (d) Hoton SEM bayan kwanaki 14.
EDS ya bayyana abubuwan sinadarai a cikin biofilms da samfuran lalata akan samfuran da aka fallasa zuwa P. aeruginosa na kwanaki 14. Hoto na 6 ya nuna cewa abun ciki na C, N, O, da P a cikin biofilms da samfuran lalata sun fi girma fiye da abin da ke cikin ƙananan ƙarfe, saboda waɗannan abubuwan suna hade da biofilms da metabolites. Abubuwan lalata a saman samfuran suna nuna cewa matrix ɗin ƙarfe ya rasa abubuwa saboda lalata.
Bayan kwanaki 14, an lura da pitting tare da ba tare da P. aeruginosa ba a cikin matsakaici na 2216E. Kafin ƙaddamarwa, samfurin samfurin ya kasance mai santsi kuma ba tare da lahani ba (Fig. 7a) . saman samfurori masu sarrafawa marasa ilimin halitta (mafi girman zurfin rami 0.02 μm) .Matsakaicin zurfin rami da Pseudomonas aeruginosa ya haifar shine 0.52 μm bayan kwanaki 7 da 0.69 μm bayan kwanaki 14, dangane da matsakaicin matsakaicin zurfin rami na 3 samfurori (10 mafi girman zurfin rami na 0.02 μm). 0.52 ± 0.15 μm, bi da bi (Table 5) .Waɗannan ƙimar zurfin rami ƙananan ƙananan ne amma mahimmanci.
(a) Kafin bayyanar, (b) kwanaki 14 a cikin matsakaici na abiotic da (c) kwanaki 14 a cikin Pseudomonas aeruginosa broth.
Hoto 8 yana nuna nau'in XPS na nau'i daban-daban na samfurori daban-daban, kuma abubuwan sinadaran da aka bincikar da su ga kowane farfajiya an taƙaita su a cikin Table 6. A cikin Table 6, adadin atomic na Fe da Cr a gaban P. aeruginosa (samfurori A da B) sun kasance mafi ƙanƙanta fiye da waɗanda ba na nazarin halittu ba (samfurori C da D) ga P. spectral lankwasa aka Fitted zuwa hudu ganiya aka gyara tare da dauri makamashi (BE) dabi'u na 574.4, 576.6, 578.3 da kuma 586.8 eV, wanda za a iya dangana ga Cr, Cr2O3, CrO3 da Cr (OH) 3, bi da bi (Fig. 9a da kuma b) ga wadanda ba-biological themen. bakan ya ƙunshi manyan kololuwa guda biyu don Cr (573.80 eV don BE) da Cr2O3 (575.90 eV don BE) a cikin siffa 9c da d, bi da bi.Bambanci mafi ban mamaki tsakanin samfuran abiotic da P. aeruginosa shine kasancewar Cr6 + da ƙaramin dangi mafi girma na Cr.8 na Crathne (H) 8. biofilm.
Faɗin XPS na saman samfurin 2707 HDSS a cikin kafofin watsa labarai guda biyu sune kwanaki 7 da kwanaki 14, bi da bi.
(a) Kwanaki 7 na fallasa zuwa P. aeruginosa, (b) kwanaki 14 na fallasa zuwa P. aeruginosa, (c) kwanaki 7 a matsakaicin abiotic da (d) kwanaki 14 a matsakaicin abiotic.
HDSS yana nuna babban matakan juriya na lalata a yawancin mahalli.Kim et al. 2 ya ruwaito cewa an bayyana UNS S32707 HDSS a matsayin DSS da aka haɗa da PREN fiye da 45. Ƙimar PREN na samfurin 2707 HDSS a cikin wannan aikin ya kasance 49. Wannan shi ne saboda babban abun ciki na chromium da high molybdenum da Ni, wanda ke da amfani a cikin acidic da high chloride matakan, da kuma microcomited mahadi. da amfani ga kwanciyar hankali na tsari da juriya na lalata. Duk da haka, duk da kyakkyawan juriya na sinadarai, bayanan gwaji a cikin wannan aikin sun nuna cewa 2707 HDSS ba ta da cikakkiyar kariya ga MIC na P. aeruginosa biofilms.
Sakamakon Electrochemical ya nuna cewa yawan lalata na 2707 HDSS a cikin P. aeruginosa broth ya karu sosai bayan kwanaki 14 idan aka kwatanta da matsakaicin da ba na halitta ba. stable36.Duk da haka, matakin Eocp na ilimin halitta ya kasance mafi girma fiye da na Eocp ba na halitta ba.Akwai dalilin da za a yi imani da cewa wannan bambanci ya samo asali ne daga tsarin P. aeruginosa biofilm. (0.063 μA cm-2), wanda ya dace da ƙimar Rct da aka auna ta hanyar EIS. A cikin 'yan kwanaki na farko, ƙimar impedance a cikin P. aeruginosa broth ya karu saboda haɗe-haɗe da ƙwayoyin P. biofilm metabolites.Saboda haka, juriya na lalata ya ragu a tsawon lokaci, kuma abin da aka makala na P. aeruginosa ya haifar da lalacewa na gida. Abubuwan da ke faruwa a cikin kafofin watsa labaru na abiotic sun bambanta. Ƙwararrun juriya na tsarin kula da kwayoyin halitta ya fi girma fiye da daidaitattun samfurori da aka fallasa zuwa P. aeruginosa broth. Bugu da ƙari kuma, don samfurin R7 k8 na R7 Ω Ω 7 Ω ΩΩΩΩΩ 7 ΩΩΩΩΩΩ R7 Ω. cm2 a ranar 14, wanda shine 15 sau Rct darajar (32 kΩ cm2) a gaban P. aeruginosa. Saboda haka, 2707 HDSS yana da kyakkyawan juriya na lalata a cikin yanayi mara kyau, amma ba shi da tsayayya ga harin MIC ta hanyar P. aeruginosa biofilms.
Hakanan ana iya lura da waɗannan sakamakon daga maƙallan polarization a cikin siffa 2b. An danganta rassan anodic zuwa haɓakar biofilm na Pseudomonas aeruginosa da halayen oxidation na ƙarfe. A lokaci guda halayen cathodic shine rage iskar oxygen. Kasancewar P. aeruginosa yana haɓaka haɓakar lalata na yanzu, yana nuna girman girman girman girman Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Aeruginosa biofilm yana ƙaruwa da lalatawar gida na 2707 HDSS.Yuan et al29 sun gano cewa lalata halin yanzu density na 70/30 Cu-Ni alloy ya karu a ƙarƙashin ƙalubalen P. Aiki.Aerobic biofilms na iya samun ƙarancin iskar oxygen a ƙarƙashinsu.Saboda haka, rashin nasarar sake yin amfani da filin karfe ta hanyar iskar oxygen na iya zama abin taimakawa ga MIC a cikin wannan aikin.
Dickinson et al. 38 ya ba da shawarar cewa ƙimar sinadarai da halayen electrochemical za a iya shafa su kai tsaye ta hanyar aiki na rayuwa na ƙwayoyin cuta na sessile a saman samfurin da kuma yanayin samfuran lalata. Kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin Hoto 5 da Table 5, duka lambar tantanin halitta da kauri na biofilm sun ragu bayan kwanaki 14. Wannan za a iya bayyana a hankali cewa bayan kwanaki 14, mafi yawan 7 na sel na HDSS sun mutu a kan sel na HDSS2 saboda 7. a cikin matsakaicin 2216E ko sakin ions ƙarfe masu guba daga matrix HDSS 2707. Wannan iyakance ne na gwaje-gwajen batch.
A cikin wannan aikin, P. aeruginosa biofilm ya inganta ƙaddamarwar gida na Cr da Fe a ƙarƙashin biofilm a kan 2707 HDSS surface (Fig. 6) . A cikin Table 6, ragewar Fe da Cr a cikin samfurin D idan aka kwatanta da samfurin C, yana nuna cewa narkar da Fe da Cr da P. aeruginosa biofilm ya haifar da P. yanayin yanayi na marine.Ya ƙunshi 17700 ppm Cl-, wanda yake kwatankwacin wanda aka samu a cikin ruwan teku na halitta. Kasancewar 17700 ppm Cl- shine babban dalilin raguwar Cr a cikin samfuran abiotic na kwanaki 7 da 14 wanda XPS yayi nazari. 2707 HDSS a cikin yanayin abiotic. Hoto na 9 yana nuna kasancewar Cr6 + a cikin fim ɗin wucewa. Yana iya kasancewa cikin cirewar Cr daga saman karfe ta hanyar P. aeruginosa biofilms, kamar yadda Chen da Clayton suka ba da shawara.
Saboda girma na kwayan cuta, da pH dabi'u na matsakaici kafin da kuma bayan namo sun kasance 7.4 da kuma 8.2, bi da bi.Saboda haka, a kasa da P. aeruginosa biofilm, Organic acid lalata ba shi yiwuwa ya zama wani gudummawar factor ga wannan aiki saboda da in mun gwada da high pH a cikin girma matsakaici.The pH na wadanda ba na halitta canje-canje ba da wani muhimmin canji na farko (4). 7.5) a lokacin gwajin gwaji na kwanaki 14. Ƙarar da aka samu a cikin pH a cikin tsaka-tsakin inoculation bayan ƙaddamarwa ya kasance saboda aikin motsa jiki na P. aeruginosa kuma an gano cewa yana da tasiri iri ɗaya akan pH idan babu gwajin gwaji.
Kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin Hoto 7, matsakaicin zurfin rami wanda P. aeruginosa biofilm ya haifar shine 0.69 μm, wanda ya fi girma fiye da na matsakaicin abiotic (0.02 μm) .Wannan ya dace da bayanan electrochemical da aka kwatanta a sama. 0.69 μm zurfin rami ya fi sau goma karami fiye da 9.5 μm20 na bayanai da aka ruwaito a karkashin yanayin DSS. 2707 HDSS yana nuna mafi kyawun juriya na MIC idan aka kwatanta da 2205 DSS. Wannan bai kamata ya zama abin mamaki ba, kamar yadda 2707 HDSS yana da abun ciki na chromium mafi girma, yana samar da dogon lokaci mai tsawo, saboda tsarin ma'auni na ma'auni ba tare da hazo na biyu na cutarwa ba, yana sa ya fi wuya ga P. aeruginosa don ragewa da farawa maki eclipse.
A ƙarshe, an samo MIC pitting a saman 2707 HDSS a cikin P. aeruginosa broth idan aka kwatanta da rashin kuskure a cikin kafofin watsa labaru na abiotic.Wannan aikin ya nuna cewa 2707 HDSS yana da mafi kyawun juriya na MIC fiye da 2205 DSS, amma ba shi da cikakken kariya ga MIC saboda P. aeruginosa biofilm. Wadannan binciken da aka kiyasta na ma'auni na ma'auni na ma'auni na ma'auni na ma'auni na ma'auni.
The coupon for 2707 HDSS an bayar da shi ta Makarantar Metallurgy na Northeast University (NEU) a Shenyang, China.The elemental abun da ke ciki na 2707 HDSS aka nuna a cikin Table 1, wanda aka bincikar da NEU Materials Analysis da Testing Department.Duk samfurori da aka warware bi da a 1180 °C ga 1 hour.Prior zuwa corposional SS2. An goge saman yanki na 1 cm2 zuwa 2000 grit tare da takarda silicon carbide kuma an ƙara goge shi tare da dakatarwar foda na 0.05 μm Al2O3. An kiyaye bangarorin da ƙasa ta hanyar inert Paint. Bayan bushewa, samfuran an wanke su da ruwa mai tsafta kuma an haifuwa tare da 75.5% (vol. ƙarƙashin hasken ultraviolet (UV) na awanni 0.5 kafin amfani.
Marine Pseudomonas aeruginosa MCCC 1A00099 iri da aka saya daga Xiamen Marine Culture Collection Center (MCCC), China. Sin).Matsakaici (g/L): 19.45 NaCl, 5.98 MgCl2, 3.24 Na2SO4, 1.8 CaCl2, 0.55 KCl, 0.16 Na2CO3, 0.08 KBr, 0.034 SrCl2, 0.0234 SrCl2, 0.08 Sr.0. NaSiO3, 0016 NH3, 0016 NH3, 0016 NaH2PO4, 5.0 peptone, 1.0 yisti tsantsa da kuma 0.1 ferric citrate.Autoclave a 121 ° C na 20 minutes kafin inoculation.Count sessile da planktonic magini a karkashin wani hemo. Matsalolin planktonic Pseudomonas aeruginosa nan da nan bayan allurar ya kai kusan sel 106/ml.
Electrochemical gwaje-gwaje da aka yi a cikin wani classic uku-electrode gilashin cell tare da matsakaici girma na 500 ml. A platinum takardar da cikakken calomel electrode (SCE) aka haɗa zuwa reactor via Luggin capillaries cika da gishiri gadoji, bauta a matsayin counter da kuma tunani electrodes, bi da bi.To sa da aiki lantarki, wani roba-rufi da aka rufe da tagulla cm 1 da aka haɗe da tagulla da wayoyi da aka haɗe tare da epoci2 cm. na fallasa guda-gefe surface area don aiki electrode.A lokacin electrochemical ma'auni, samfurori da aka sanya a cikin 2216E matsakaici da kuma kiyaye a akai shiryawa zafin jiki (37 ° C) a cikin wani ruwa wanka.OCP, LPR, EIS da m tsauri polarization data aka auna ta amfani da wani Autolab potentiostat (Reference 600TM, Garry Instruments da Amurka) aka rubuta. 0.125 mV s-1 a kan kewayon -5 da 5 mV tare da Eocp da samfurin samfurin na 1 Hz.EIS da aka yi tare da sine kalaman a cikin mitar kewayon 0.01 zuwa 10,000 Hz ta amfani da 5 mV amfani da ƙarfin lantarki a tsayayye jihar Eocp.Kafin da yuwuwar sharewa a cikin wani barga yanayin da aka barga halin da ake ciki free electrocircu yanayin da aka bude a barga yanayin. ya kai. An yi amfani da lanƙwasa na polarization daga -0.2 zuwa 1.5 V vs. Eocp a ƙimar sikanin 0.166 mV / s. Kowane gwaji an maimaita sau 3 tare da kuma ba tare da P. aeruginosa ba.
An goge samfurori don bincike na metallographic da inji tare da 2000 grit rigar SiC takarda sannan kuma a kara gogewa tare da dakatarwar 0.05 μm Al2O3 foda don kallon gani.
Bayan shiryawa, an wanke samfurori sau 3 tare da phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) bayani (pH 7.4 ± 0.2) sa'an nan kuma gyarawa tare da 2.5% (v / v) glutaraldehyde na 10 hours don gyara biofilms. An daga baya dehydrated tare da wani graded jerin (50%, 7,0% 0,9 9%) da 100% v / v) na ethanol kafin bushewar iska. A ƙarshe, samfurin samfurin yana sputtered tare da fim na zinariya don samar da aiki don lura da SEM. Hotunan SEM sun mayar da hankali kan wuraren da aka fi sani da kwayoyin P. aeruginosa mafi girma a saman kowane samfurin. Yi bincike na EDS don gano abubuwan sinadaran. 710, Zeiss, Jamus) an yi amfani da shi don auna zurfin rami.Domin lura da ramukan lalata a ƙarƙashin biofilm, an fara tsabtace yanki na gwaji bisa ga ka'idar Ƙasa ta Sin (CNS) GB / T4334.4-2000 don cire samfuran lalata da biofilm a saman ɓangaren gwajin.
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS, ESCALAB250 surface analysis tsarin, Thermo VG, USA) bincike da aka yi amfani da monochromatic X-ray source (aluminum Kα line a 1500 eV makamashi da 150 W ikon) a kan wani m dauri makamashi kewayon 0 a karkashin daidaitattun yanayi -1350 eV.High-ƙududduka eV. girman.
An cire samfuran da aka haɗa da su kuma an wanke su a hankali tare da PBS (pH 7.4 ± 0.2) don 15 s45. Don lura da yiwuwar ƙwayoyin cuta na biofilms a kan samfurori, an yi amfani da kwayoyin halitta ta hanyar amfani da LIVE / DEAD BacLight BacLight Viability Kit (Invitrogen, ORes USA, Eugene) mai haske. Fluorescent SYTO-9 dye da jan fluorescent propidium iodide (PI) dye.A karkashin CLSM, ɗigo tare da mai haske kore da ja suna wakiltar rayuwa da matattu kwayoyin halitta, bi da bi.Domin tabo, 1 ml cakuda dauke da 3 μl SYTO-9 da 3 μl PI bayani da aka incubated for 20 minutes. biyu zango (488 nm ga live sel da 559 nm ga matattu sel) ta amfani da Nikon CLSM inji (C2 Plus, Nikon, Japan) Biofilm kauri an auna a 3-D scanning yanayin.
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