Nakuba ubuchwepheshe bokushisela be-orbital bungebusha, buyaqhubeka nokukhula, bube namandla futhi buguquguquka, ikakhulukazi uma kukhulunywa ngokushisela amapayipi. Ingxoxo noTom Hammer, umshiseli onekhono we-Axenics eMiddleton, eMassachusetts, yembula izindlela eziningi le ndlela engasetshenziswa ngazo ukuxazulula izinkinga ezinzima zokushisela. Isithombe sivela ku-Axenics
Ukushisela kwe-orbital sekukhona iminyaka engaba ngu-60, kwenezela ukuzenzekela enqubweni ye-GMAW. Lena indlela ethembekile nesebenzayo yokwenza ukushisela okuningi, yize amanye ama-OEM nabakhiqizi bengakasebenzisi amandla okushisela kwe-orbital, bethembele ekushiseleni ngesandla noma kwamanye amasu okuhlanganisa amapayipi ensimbi.
Izimiso zokushisela i-orbital bezilokhu zikhona amashumi eminyaka, kodwa amakhono abashiseli abasha be-orbital abenza babe ithuluzi elinamandla kakhulu kuthuluzi lomshini wokushisela, njengoba abaningi manje benezici "ezihlakaniphile" zokwenza kube lula ukuhlela nokucubungula ngaphambi kokushisela kwangempela. Qala ngokulungiswa okusheshayo nokunembile ukuqinisekisa ukushisela okuhlala njalo, okumsulwa nokuthembekile.
Ithimba labashiseli be-Axenics eMiddleton, eMassachusetts, lingumkhiqizi wezingxenye zenkontileka oqondisa amakhasimende akhe amaningi emikhubeni yokushisela ye-orbital uma kukhona izinto ezifanele zomsebenzi.
“Lapho kungenzeka khona, sasifuna ukususa isici somuntu ekushiseleni, njengoba abashiseli be-orbital ngokuvamile bekhiqiza ukushisela kwekhwalithi ephezulu,” kusho uTom Hammer, umshiseli onekhono kwa-Axenics.
Nakuba ukushisela kokuqala kwenziwa eminyakeni engu-2000 eyedlule, ukushisela kwesimanje kuyinqubo ethuthuke kakhulu eyingxenye yobuchwepheshe nezinqubo zesimanje. Isibonelo, ukushisela kwe-orbital kungasetshenziswa ukudala izinhlelo zamapayipi ezihlanzekile kakhulu ezisetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza ama-wafer e-semiconductor angena kuwo wonke ama-elekthronikhi namuhla.
Omunye wamakhasimende e-Axenics uyingxenye yalolu chungechunge lokuhlinzeka. Yafuna umenzi wenkontileka ukusiza ukwandisa amandla ayo okukhiqiza, ikakhulukazi ukudala nokufaka iziteshi zensimbi engagqwali ezihlanzekile ezivumela amagesi ukuthi adlule enkambisweni yokwenziwa kwe-wafer.
Nakuba amayunithi okushisela e-orbital kanye namatafula ajikelezayo anezibambo zethoshi atholakala emisebenzini eminingi yamashubhu kwa-Axenics, lokhu akuvimbeli ukushisela ngesandla ngezikhathi ezithile.
UHammer kanye nethimba lokushisela babuyekeze izidingo zamakhasimende futhi babuza imibuzo, becabangela izindleko nesikhathi:
Ama-welder e-orbital ahlanganisiwe asetshenziswa yiHammer yiSwagelok M200 kanye ne-Arc Machines Model 207A. Angabamba amapayipi angu-1/16 kuya ku-4 intshi.
“Ama-Microheads asivumela ukuthi singene ezindaweni eziqinile kakhulu,” kusho yena. “Omunye umkhawulo wokushisela kwe-orbital ukuthi ngabe sinekhanda elifanelana nejoyinti ethile. Kodwa namuhla, ungasonga uchungechunge nxazonke zepayipi olishiselayo. Umshiseli angadlula uchungechunge, futhi empeleni akukho mkhawulo ngobukhulu bezinsimbi ongazisebenzisa. . Ngibone ezinye izinhlelo ezishisela ngepayipi elingu-20″. Kuyamangaza lokho le mishini engakwenza namuhla.”
Uma ucabangela izidingo zobumsulwa, inani lama-weld adingekayo, kanye nobukhulu bodonga obuncane, ukushisela kwe-orbital kuyindlela ehlakaniphile yalolu hlobo lwephrojekthi. Ngomsebenzi wokulawula inqubo yomoya, i-Hammer ivame ukushisela ngensimbi engagqwali engu-316L.
"Yilapho-ke kuba lula kakhulu. Sikhuluma ngokushisela ephepheni ngensimbi encane. Ngokushisela ngesandla, ukulungiswa okuncane kungaphula ukushisela. Yingakho sithanda ukusebenzisa ikhanda lokushisela eliyi-orbital, lapho singadayela khona ingxenye ngayinye yepayipi bese siyenza iphelele ngaphambi kokufaka ingxenye kuyo. Sehlisa amandla abe yinani elithile ukuze sazi ukuthi uma sifaka ingxenye lapho izoba ephelele. Ngesandla, ushintsho lwenziwa ngamehlo, futhi uma sishisela kakhulu, lungangena ngqo ezintweni."
Lo msebenzi uqukethe amakhulu ezinsimbi zokushisela okumele zifane. Umshiseli we-orbital osetshenziswa kulo msebenzi wenza umshini wokushisela ngemizuzu emithathu; lapho uHammer esebenza ngesivinini esiphezulu, angashisela ngesandla ishubhu elifanayo lensimbi engagqwali cishe ngomzuzu.
“Kodwa-ke, umshini awunciphisi ijubane. Uwusebenzisa ngesivinini esiphezulu kuqala ekuseni, futhi ekupheleni kosuku, usasebenza ngesivinini esiphezulu,” kusho uHammer. “Ngiwusebenzisa ngesivinini esiphezulu kuqala ekuseni, kodwa ekugcineni, akunjalo.”
Ukuvimbela ukungcola ukuthi kungangeni emapayipini ensimbi engagqwali kubalulekile, yingakho ukushiswa okuhlanzekile kakhulu embonini ye-semiconductor kuvame ukwenziwa egumbini lokuhlanza, indawo elawulwayo evimbela ukungcola ukuthi kungangeni endaweni eshisiwe.
UHammer usebenzisa i-tungsten efanayo ebukhali esezitotshini zakhe zesandla ayisebenzisa ku-Orbiter. Ngenkathi i-argon emsulwa inikeza ukuhlanza kwangaphandle nangaphakathi ekushiseni ngesandla nangaphakathi, ukushisisa ngemishini ye-orbital nakho kuyazuzisa ngokwenziwa endaweni evalekile. Lapho i-tungsten iphuma, igobolondo ligcwalisa igesi futhi livikele ukushisisa ekushiseni. Uma usebenzisa i-torch yesandla, igesi ishaywa kuphela ohlangothini olulodwa lwepayipi elishiswayo njengamanje.
Ama-weld ase-orbital ngokuvamile ahlanzekile ngoba igesi imboza ithubhu isikhathi eside. Uma ukushisela kuqala, i-argon inikeza isivikelo kuze kube yilapho umshiseli eqiniseka ukuthi ukushisela kubanda ngokwanele.
I-Axenics isebenza namakhasimende amaningi asebenzisa amandla ahlukile akhiqiza amaseli kaphethiloli we-hydrogen anika amandla izimoto ezahlukahlukene. Isibonelo, amanye ama-forklift akhelwe ukusetshenziswa endlini athembele kumaseli kaphethiloli we-hydrogen ukuvimbela imikhiqizo yamakhemikhali ekubhubhiseni amasheya adliwayo. Umkhiqizo owodwa ongaphansi weseli kaphethiloli we-hydrogen ngamanzi.
Omunye wamakhasimende wayenezidingo eziningi ezifanayo nomkhiqizi we-semiconductor, njengokuhlanzeka kwe-weld kanye nokungaguquguquki. Ifuna ukusebenzisa insimbi engagqwali engu-321 ukushisela odongeni oluncane. Kodwa-ke, umsebenzi wawuwukufanisa i-manifold enama-valve amaningi, ngalinye livela ohlangothini oluhlukile, okushiya isikhala esincane sokushisela.
I-orbital welder efanelekela lo msebenzi ibiza cishe u-$2,000, futhi ingasetshenziswa ukwenza inani elincane lezingxenye, ngezindleko ezilinganiselwa ku-$250. Akunangqondo ngokwezimali. Kodwa-ke, iHammer inesisombululo esihlanganisa amasu okushisela ngesandla kanye ne-orbital.
“Kulokhu, ngingasebenzisa itafula elijikelezayo,” kusho uHammer. “Empeleni kuyisenzo esifanayo nese-orbital welder, kodwa ujikeleza ithubhu, hhayi i-electrode ye-tungsten ezungeze ithubhu. Ngisebenzisa ithoshi lami lesandla, kodwa ngingabamba ithoshi lami endaweni yalo nge-vise Ebekwe endaweni efanele ukuze i-weld ingonakaliswa ukushukunyiswa noma ukushukunyiswa kwesandla komuntu. Lokhu kususa izinto eziningi ezibangela amaphutha omuntu. Akuphelele njengokushukunyiswa kwe-orbital ngoba akukho endaweni evalekile, kodwa lolu hlobo lokushukunyiswa lungenziwa endaweni ehlanzekile yegumbi ukuze kususwe ukungcola.”
Nakuba ubuchwepheshe bokushisela i-orbital bunikeza ubumsulwa nokuphindeka, uHammer kanye nabanye abashisela i-orbital bayazi ukuthi ubuqotho be-weld bubalulekile ekuvimbeleni ukungasebenzi ngenxa yokwehluleka kwe-weld. Le nkampani isebenzisa ukuhlolwa okungabhubhisi (NDT), futhi ngezinye izikhathi ukuhlolwa okubhubhisayo, kuzo zonke i-orbital welds.
“Yonke i-weld esiyenzayo iqinisekiswa ngokubona,” kusho uHammer. “Ngemuva kwalokho, i-weld ihlolwa nge-helium spectrometer. Kuye ngokuthi kuchazwe kanjani noma kudingekeni kwamakhasimende, amanye ama-weld ahlolwa nge-ray. Ukuhlolwa okubhubhisayo nakho kuyindlela yokukhetha.”
Ukuhlolwa okubhubhisayo kungafaka ukuhlolwa kwamandla okudonsa ukuze kutholakale amandla okudonsa aphezulu kakhulu e-weld. Ukuze kulinganiswe ukucindezeleka okuphezulu i-weld ezintweni ezifana nensimbi engagqwali engu-316L engamelana nakho ngaphambi kokuba yehluleke, ukuhlolwa kuyanweba futhi kwelule insimbi kuze kube yilapho iphuka khona.
Ama-welds ngamakhasimende e-energy ehlukile ngezinye izikhathi ahlolwa nge-ultrasonic non-destructive kuma-weldments ezingxenye zamaseli kaphethiloli e-hydrogen aneziteshi ezintathu asetshenziswa emishinini yamandla ehlukile nasezimotweni.
“Lokhu kuwuvivinyo olubucayi ngoba izingxenye eziningi esizithumelayo zinamagesi angaba yingozi adlula kuzo. Kubaluleke kakhulu kithi nakumakhasimende ethu ukuthi insimbi engagqwali ayinaphutha, ayinawo amaphuzu okuvuza,” kusho uHammer.
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