Nakuba ubuchwepheshe bokushisela be-orbital bungebona obusha, buyaqhubeka buguquka, buba namandla futhi buguquguquka, ikakhulukazi uma kuziwa ekushiseleni amapayipi.Ingxoxo no-Tom Hammer, umshiseli onekhono we-Axenics eMiddleton, Massachusetts, yembula izindlela eziningi le nqubo engasetshenziswa ngayo ukuxazulula izinkinga ezinzima zokushisela.Isithombe ngenhlonipho ye-Axenics
I-Orbital welding ibilokhu ikhona iminyaka engaba ngu-60, ingeza i-automation kwinqubo ye-GMAW.Lena yindlela enokwethenjelwa, esebenzayo yokwenza ama-welds amaningi, nakuba amanye ama-OEM nabakhiqizi bengakasebenzisi amandla ama-orbital welders, bethembele ekushiseleni ngesandla noma amanye amasu okujoyina ishubhu yensimbi.
Izimiso zokushisela nge-orbital sezineminyaka zikhona, kodwa amandla amashisela amasha e-orbital awenza abe ithuluzi elinamandla kakhulu ku-toolkit ye-welder, njengoba abaningi manje sebenezici "ezihlakaniphile" ukuze kube lula ukuhlela nokucubungula ngaphambi kokushisela kwangempela. Qala ngokulungisa okusheshayo, okunembayo ukuze uqinisekise ukushisela okungaguquki, okumsulwa nokuthembekile.
Ithimba labashiseli be-Axenics eMiddleton, Massachusetts, lingumkhiqizi wengxenye yenkontileka eqondisa amakhasimende ayo amaningi ezinkambisweni zokushisela i-orbital uma kukhona izinto ezifanele zomsebenzi.
“Lapho kungenzeka khona, sasifuna ukuqeda isici somuntu ekushiseleni, njengoba abashiseli be-orbital ngokuvamile bekhiqiza izinto zokushisela ezisezingeni eliphakeme,” kusho uTom Hammer, umshiseli onekhono e-Axenics.
Nakuba ukushisela kokuqala kwenziwa eminyakeni engu-2000 edlule, ukushisela kwesimanje kuyinqubo ethuthuke kakhulu ehlanganisa nobunye ubuchwepheshe besimanje kanye nezinqubo.Isibonelo, ukushisela nge-orbital kungasetshenziswa ukwakha amasistimu amapayipi ahlanzekile asetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza amawafa angama-semiconductor angena kuwo wonke ama-electronics namuhla.
Elinye lamakhasimende e-Axenics liyingxenye yalolu chungechunge lokuthengwa kwempahla. Lifune umkhiqizi wenkontileka ukuze asize ukwandisa umthamo walo wokukhiqiza, ikakhulukazi ukudala nokufaka amashaneli ensimbi engenasici avumela amagesi ukuthi adlule enqubweni yokwenziwa kwe-wafer.
Nakuba amayunithi okushisela e-orbital namatafula ajikelezayo anezinsimbi zethoshi etholakala emisebenzini eminingi yamashubhu kwa-Axenics, lokhu akuvimbeli ukushisela ngesandla ngezikhathi ezithile.
I-Hammer nethimba lokushisela babuyekeze izimfuneko zekhasimende futhi babuza imibuzo, becabangela izindleko nezici zesikhathi:
Ama-rotary orbital welder asetshenziswa yi-Hammer yi-Swagelok M200 kanye ne-Arc Machines Model 207A. Angakwazi ukubamba u-1/16 kuya ku-4 intshi yamashubhu.
"Ama-Microheads asivumela ukuthi singene ezindaweni eziqinile kakhulu," esho. "Omunye umkhawulo wokushisela i-orbital ukuthi sinekhanda elilingana nelunga elithile. Kodwa namuhla, ungakwazi futhi ukugoqa iketango epayipini olishiselayo. I-welder ingakwazi ukuhamba phezu kweketango, futhi akukho mkhawulo kusayizi wama-welds ongawenza. . kuyahlaba umxhwele lokho le mishini engakwenza namuhla.”
Uma kucatshangelwa izidingo zokuhlanzeka, inani lamashisela adingekayo, nokuqina kodonga oluncane, i-orbital welding kuyisinqumo esihlakaniphile salolu hlobo lwephrojekthi.Ngomsebenzi wokulawula ukugeleza komoya kwamapayipi, i-Hammer ivame ukushisela ku-316L yensimbi engagqwali.
"Yilapho kuba okucashile ngempela. Sikhuluma ngokushisela ephepheni lensimbi emincane. Ngokushisela ngesandla, ukulungiswa okuncane kungaphula i-weld. Yingakho sithanda ukusebenzisa ikhanda le-orbital weld, lapho singakwazi Ukudayela ingxenye ngayinye yeshubhu futhi siyenze iphelele ngaphambi kokufaka ingxenye kuyo. Sehlisa amandla esilinganisweni esithile ukuze sazi ukuthi ingxenye ye-weld izoba nini ngesandla, sizobe senziwe ngaso sonke isikhathi ngesandla, lapho sizoba khona, lapho sizoba khona ngeso. futhi uma sinyathela kakhulu, ingangena ngokuqondile kuleyo nto.”
Umsebenzi uqukethe amakhulukhulu amashisela okumele afane.I-orbital welder esetshenziselwa lo msebenzi yenza i-weld ngemizuzu emithathu; lapho uHammer esebenza ngesivinini esiphezulu, angakwazi ukushisela ishubhu elifanayo lensimbi engagqwali cishe ngomzuzu.
"Kodwa-ke, umshini awunciphisi. Uwugijima ngesivinini esikhulu into yokuqala ekuseni, futhi ekupheleni kosuku, usasebenza ngesivinini esikhulu," kusho uHammer. "Ngiyigijima ngesivinini esikhulu into yokuqala ekuseni, kodwa ekugcineni, akunjalo."
Ukuvimbela ukungcola ekungeneni kwamashubhu ensimbi engagqwali kubalulekile, yingakho ukuthungatha okuhlanzekile okuphezulu embonini ye-semiconductor kuvame ukwenziwa endaweni ehlanzekile, indawo elawulwayo evimbela ukungcola ekungeneni endaweni edayisiwe.
I-Hammer isebenzisa i-tungsten efanayo ebukhali ngaphambili esandleni sakhe amathoshi ayisebenzisayo ku-Orbiter.Ngenkathi i-argon ehlanzekile inikeza ukuhlanzwa kwangaphandle nangaphakathi ku-welding manual kanye ne-orbital, ukushisela ngemishini ye-orbital nakho kuyazuza ngokwenza endaweni evalekile.Lapho i-tungsten iphuma, igobolondo ligcwalisa igesi futhi livikele i-weld kusuka ku-oxidation ye-oxid ohlangothini olulodwa, Uma usebenzisa i-oxidation yesandla esisodwa kuphela. eshiselwayo njengamanje.
Ama-weld e-Orbital ngokuvamile ahlanzekile ngoba igesi ivala ithubhu isikhathi eside.Uma i-welding iqala, i-argon inikeza isivikelo kuze kube yilapho umshiseli eqiniseka ukuthi i-weld ibanda ngokwanele.
I-Axenics isebenza nenani lamanye amakhasimende anamandla akhiqiza amaseli e-hydrogen fuel anika amandla izimoto ezihlukahlukene.Isibonelo, ezinye izimfoloko ezakhelwe ukusetshenziswa endlini zithembele kumaseli kaphethiloli we-hydrogen ukuze avimbele imikhiqizo ephuma kumakhemikhali ekubhubhiseni izinto ezidliwayo.Ukuphela komkhiqizo we-hydrogen fuel cell amanzi.
Omunye wamakhasimende wayenezidingo eziningi ezifanayo njengomkhiqizi we-semiconductor, njengokuhlanzeka kwe-weld kanye nokuvumelana.Ifuna ukusebenzisa insimbi engagqwali engu-321 yokushisela odongeni oluncane.Kodwa-ke, umsebenzi wawuyi-prototyping inqwaba enamabhange ama-valve amaningi, ngalinye liphuma ngendlela ehlukile, lishiya indawo encane yokushisela.
I-orbital welder efanelekayo yomsebenzi ibiza cishe u-$ 2,000, futhi ingasetshenziswa ukwenza inombolo encane yezingxenye, ngezindleko ezilinganiselwe ze-$ 250.Akwenzi mqondo ngokwezimali.Nokho, i-Hammer inesixazululo esihlanganisa amasu wokushisela okwenziwa ngesandla kanye ne-orbital.
"Kulokhu, ngizosebenzisa itafula elijikelezayo," kusho u-Hammer. "Empeleni kuyisenzo esifanayo nese-orbital welder, kodwa uphotha ishubhu, hhayi i-electrode ye-tungsten ezungeze ishubhu. Ngisebenzisa ithoshi lami lesandla, kodwa ngiyakwazi ukubamba ithoshi lami endaweni nge-vise Imiswe ngakho ayinazandla ukuze i-weld ingaqedi ukuxhawula okuningi komuntu. ayiphelele njenge-orbital welding ngoba ayikho endaweni ebiyelwe, kodwa lolu hlobo lwe-Welding lungenziwa endaweni ehlanzekile yegumbi ukuze kuqedwe ukungcola.”
Nakuba ubuchwepheshe bokushisela i-orbital bunikeza ukuhlanzeka nokuphindaphinda, u-Hammer kanye nabanye abashiselayo bayazi ukuthi ubuqotho be-weld bubalulekile ekuvimbeleni isikhathi sokuphumula ngenxa yokuhluleka kwe-weld.Inkampani isebenzisa ukuhlolwa okungabhubhisi (NDT), futhi ngezinye izikhathi ukuhlola okulimazayo, kuwo wonke ama-weld we-orbital.
"Yonke i-weld esiyenzayo iqinisekiswa ngokubukeka," kusho u-Hammer. "Ngemva kwalokho, ama-welds ahlolwa nge-spectrometer ye-helium. Ngokuya ngokucaciswa noma izidingo zekhasimende, amanye ama-welds ahlolwa nge-radiographical. Ukuhlola okulimazayo nakho kuyinketho."
Ukuhlola okulimazayo kungase kuhlanganise ukuhlola amandla aqinile ukuze kutholakale amandla okugcina e-weld. Ukuze ulinganise ukucindezeleka okukhulu i-weld entweni efana nensimbi engagqwali engu-316L ingamelana ngaphambi kokwehluleka, ukuhlolwa kwelula futhi kwelula insimbi kuze kufike lapho iphuka khona.
Ama-welds ngamanye amakhasimende anamandla ngezinye izikhathi ahlolwa nge-ultrasonic engabhubhisi izingxenye zokushisela amaseli e-hydrogen fuel exchanger esetshenziswa kweminye imishini yamandla nasezimotweni.
"Lokhu uvivinyo olubucayi ngoba izinto eziningi esizithumelayo zinamagesi angaba yingozi adlula kuzo. Kubaluleke kakhulu kithina nakumakhasimende ethu ukuthi insimbi engenasici ayinasici, ayinamaphuzu avuzayo," kusho u-Hammer.
I-Tube & Pipe Journal yaba umagazini wokuqala ozinikele ekukhonzeni imboni yamapayipi ensimbi ngo-1990.Namuhla, isewukuphela kwencwadi eNyakatho Melika enikezelwe embonini futhi isibe umthombo othenjwa kakhulu wolwazi lwabachwepheshe bamapayipi.
Manje ngokufinyelela okugcwele kuhlelo lwedijithali lwe-FABRICATOR, ukufinyelela okulula kuzinsiza ezibalulekile zemboni.
Uhlelo lwedijithali lwe-The Tube & Pipe Journal manje selufinyeleleka ngokugcwele, lunikeza ukufinyelela okulula kuzinsiza ezibalulekile zemboni.
Jabulela ukufinyelela okugcwele kuhlelo lwedijithali lwe-STAMPING Journal, oluhlinzeka ngentuthuko yakamuva yezobuchwepheshe, imikhuba emihle kanye nezindaba zemboni zemakethe yokugxiviza izitembu zensimbi.
Manje ngokufinyelela okugcwele kuhlelo lwedijithali lwe-The Fabricator en Español, ukufinyelela okulula kuzinsiza ezibalulekile zomkhakha.