Nangona iteknoloji yokuwelda ye-orbital ingeyona intsha, iyaqhubeka nokukhula, iba namandla ngakumbi kwaye isebenziseka ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, ingakumbi xa kufikwa ekuweleni ngepayipi. Udliwanondlebe noTom Hammer, umwelisi onobuchule we-Axenics eMiddleton, eMassachusetts, utyhila iindlela ezininzi ezingasetyenziswa ngayo le ndlela ukusombulula iingxaki ezinzima zokuwelda. Umfanekiso ngoncedo lwe-Axenics
Ukuwelda kwe-orbital bekusoloko kukho kangangeminyaka engama-60, kongeza ukuzenzekela kwinkqubo ye-GMAW. Le yindlela ethembekileyo nesebenzayo yokwenza ukuwelda okuninzi, nangona ezinye ii-OEM kunye nabavelisi bengekasebenzisi amandla okuwelda kwe-orbital, bexhomekeke ekuwelda ngesandla okanye kwezinye iindlela zokudibanisa iityhubhu zesinyithi.
Imigaqo yokuwelda kwi-orbital ibikho kangangeminyaka emininzi, kodwa amandla abawelda abatsha be-orbital abenza babe sisixhobo esinamandla ngakumbi kwisixhobo somwelda, njengoko uninzi ngoku luneempawu "ezikrelekrele" zokwenza kube lula ukuyicwangcisa nokuyicubungula ngaphambi kokuba welding yokwenyani. Qala ngohlengahlengiso olukhawulezileyo noluchanekileyo ukuqinisekisa ukuwelda okuzinzileyo, okucocekileyo nokuthembekileyo.
Iqela labawelda be-Axenics eMiddleton, eMassachusetts, ngumvelisi wezinto ezithengiswayo okhokela abathengi bakhe abaninzi kwiindlela zokuwelda ezijikeleza umhlaba ukuba kukho izinto ezifanelekileyo kulo msebenzi.
“Apho kunokwenzeka khona, besifuna ukususa into ebangela ukuba umntu adibanise izinto, njengoko abanxibelelanisi be-orbital bedla ngokuvelisa ii-welds ezikumgangatho ophezulu,” utshilo uTom Hammer, umnxibelelanisi onobuchule kwi-Axenics.
Nangona ukuwelda kokuqala kwenziwa kwiminyaka engama-2000 eyadlulayo, ukuwelda kwanamhlanje yinkqubo ephucukileyo kakhulu eyinxalenye yezinye iiteknoloji neenkqubo zanamhlanje. Umzekelo, ukuwelda kwe-orbital kungasetyenziselwa ukwenza iinkqubo zepayipi ezicocekileyo kakhulu ezisetyenziselwa ukuvelisa ii-wafers ze-semiconductor ezisetyenziswa kuzo zonke izixhobo ze-elektroniki namhlanje.
Omnye wabathengi be-Axenics uyinxalenye yale nkqubo yokubonelela ngeenkonzo. Ifune umenzi wesivumelwano ukuze ancede ekwandiseni amandla ayo okuvelisa, ngokukodwa ekudaleni nasekufakeni imijelo yentsimbi engagqwaliyo ecocekileyo evumela iigesi ukuba zidlule kwinkqubo yokwenza i-wafer.
Nangona iiyunithi zokuwelda ezijikeleza umzimba kunye neetafile ezijikelezayo ezinee-torch clamps zifumaneka kwimisebenzi emininzi yeetyhubhu e-Axenics, ezi azithinteli ukuwelda ngesandla ngamanye amaxesha.
UHammer kunye neqela lokuwelda bahlolisise iimfuno zomthengi baza babuza imibuzo, bethathela ingqalelo iindleko kunye nexesha:
Ii-rotary enclosed orbital welders ezisetyenziswa yiHammer yiSwagelok M200 kunye neArc Machines Model 207A. Zingabamba iityhubhu eziyi-1/16 ukuya kwi-4 intshi.
“Ii-Microheads zisivumela ukuba singene kwiindawo ezixineneyo,” utshilo. “Omnye umda wokuwelda kwe-orbital kukuba ingaba sinentloko ehambelana nendawo ethile. Kodwa namhlanje, ungasongela ityathanga kumbhobho owuweldayo. Umwelda angadlula ityathanga, kwaye akukho mda kubungakanani bee-welds onokuzenza. . Ndibone ezinye iisetingi ezenza ukuwelda kwi-20″. Ipayipi. Kuyamangalisa oko aba matshini banokukwenza namhlanje.”
Xa ucinga ngeemfuno zobumsulwa, inani lee-welds ezifunekayo, kunye nobukhulu bodonga obuncinci, i-orbital welding lukhetho oluhle kolu hlobo lweprojekthi. Kwimisebenzi yokulawula ukuhamba komoya, iHammer idla ngokuwelda kwintsimbi engagqwaliyo ye-316L.
“Kulapho ke kuba lula kakhulu. Sithetha ngokuwelda kwisinyithi esincinci sephepha. Ngokuwelda ngesandla, uhlengahlengiso oluncinci lunokuphula i-weld. Yiyo loo nto sithanda ukusebenzisa intloko ye-orbital weld, apho sinokuDial kwicandelo ngalinye letyhubhu size siyenze igqibelele ngaphambi kokufaka inxalenye kuyo. Sinciphisa amandla ukuya kwinani elithile ukuze sazi ukuba xa sifaka inxalenye apho iya kuba igqibelele. Ngesandla, utshintsho lwenziwa ngamehlo, kwaye ukuba sityhala kakhulu, lunokungena ngqo kwizinto.”
Lo msebenzi uqulathe amakhulu ee-welds ekufuneka zifane. Umthungi we-orbital osetyenziswa kulo msebenzi wenza i-weld ngemizuzu emithathu; xa uHammer esebenza ngesantya esiphezulu, angayithunga ngesandla ityhubhu efanayo yentsimbi engagqwaliyo malunga nomzuzu omnye.
“Nangona kunjalo, umatshini awunciphisi isantya. Uwusebenzisa ngesantya esiphezulu kuqala kusasa, kwaye ekupheleni kosuku, usasebenza ngesantya esiphezulu,” utshilo uHammer. “Ndiwusebenzisa ngesantya esiphezulu kuqala kusasa, kodwa ekugqibeleni, akunjalo.”
Ukuthintela ukungcola ukuba kungangeni kwiityhubhu zentsimbi engagqwaliyo kubalulekile, yiyo loo nto ukunyibilikisa okucocekileyo kakhulu kwishishini le-semiconductor kudla ngokwenziwa kwigumbi lokucoca, indawo elawulwayo ethintela ukungcola ukuba kungangeni kwindawo enyibilikisiweyo.
UHammer usebenzisa i-tungsten efanayo ebukhali ngaphambili kwiitotshi zakhe zesandla ayisebenzisayo kwi-Orbiter. Nangona i-argon ecocekileyo ibonelela ngokucoca kwangaphandle nangaphakathi kwi-welding yesandla neye-orbital, ukuwelda ngoomatshini be-orbital kukwanceda ngokwenziwa kwindawo evaliweyo. Xa i-tungsten iphuma, iqokobhe lizalisa ngegesi kwaye likhusele i-weld kwi-oxidation. Xa usebenzisa i-torch yesandla, igesi ivuthelwa kwelinye icala letyhubhu edityaniswayo ngoku.
Ii-orbital welds zihlala zicocekile kuba igesi igubungela ityhubhu ixesha elide. Nje ukuba i-welding iqale, i-argon ikhusela de i-welder iqiniseke ukuba i-weld ibanda ngokwaneleyo.
I-Axenics isebenza nabathengi abaninzi bamandla ahlukeneyo abenza iiseli ze-hydrogen fuel ezinika amandla kwiimoto ezahlukeneyo. Umzekelo, ezinye iiforklifts ezakhelwe ukusetyenziswa ngaphakathi zixhomekeke kwiiseli ze-hydrogen fuel ukuthintela iimveliso zeekhemikhali ekutshabalaliseni izitokhwe ezityiwayo. Imveliso ekuphela kwayo yeseli ye-hydrogen fuel ngamanzi.
Omnye wabathengi wayeneemfuno ezininzi ezifanayo nezemveliso ye-semiconductor, ezifana nobumsulwa be-weld kunye nokuhambelana. Ifuna ukusebenzisa intsimbi engagqwaliyo engama-321 ukuwelda eludongeni olubhityileyo. Nangona kunjalo, umsebenzi wawukukufanisa i-manifold ene-valve banks ezininzi, nganye ivele kwicala elahlukileyo, ishiya indawo encinci yokuwelda.
I-orbital welder efanelekileyo kulo msebenzi ixabisa malunga ne-$2,000, kwaye ingasetyenziselwa ukwenza inani elincinci leenxalenye, ngexabiso eliqikelelweyo le-$250. Ayinangqiqo ngokwezimali. Nangona kunjalo, iHammer inesisombululo esidibanisa iindlela zokuwelda ngesandla kunye ne-orbital.
“Kule meko, ndingasebenzisa itafile ejikelezayo,” utshilo uHammer. “Ngokwenene yintshukumo efanayo ne-orbital welder, kodwa ujikeleza ityhubhu, hayi i-tungsten electrode ejikeleze ityhubhu. Ndisebenzisa itotshi yam yesandla, kodwa ndingayibamba itotshi yam endaweni yayo nge-vise ebekwe endaweni yayo ukuze ingabi nazandla ukuze i-weld ingonakaliswa kukushukunyiswa okanye ukushukunyiswa kwesandla ngumntu. Oku kususa uninzi lweengxaki zomntu. Ayigqibelelanga njenge-orbital welding kuba ayikho kwindawo evalekileyo, kodwa olu hlobo lwe-welding lunokwenziwa kwindawo ecocekileyo yegumbi ukuze kususwe ungcoliseko.”
Nangona iteknoloji yokuwelda kwi-orbital inika ubunyulu kunye nokuphindaphinda, uHammer kunye nabanye abawelda bayazi ukuba ukuthembeka kokuwelda kubalulekile ekuthinteleni ukungasebenzi ngenxa yokusilela kokuwelda. Le nkampani isebenzisa uvavanyo olungonakalisiyo (NDT), kwaye ngamanye amaxesha uvavanyo olutshabalalisayo, kuzo zonke ii-orbital welds.
“Yonke i-weld esiyenzayo iqinisekiswa ngokubonakalayo,” utshilo uHammer. “Emva koko, i-welds ivavanywa nge-helium spectrometer. Ngokuxhomekeke kwiinkcukacha okanye kwiimfuno zomthengi, ezinye i-welds zivavanywa nge-radiographic. Uvavanyo lokutshabalalisa lukhetho.”
Uvavanyo olutshabalalisayo lungabandakanya uvavanyo lwamandla okutsalwa ukuze kuchongwe amandla okutsalwa kwentsimbi. Ukuze kulinganiswe uxinzelelo oluphezulu, intsimbi ekwizinto ezifana nentsimbi engagqwaliyo ye-316L inokumelana nayo ngaphambi kokuba ingasebenzi, uvavanyo luyasolula kwaye lusolule intsimbi ukuya kwinqanaba lokuphuka kwayo.
Ii-welds ngabathengi bamandla ahlukileyo ngamanye amaxesha zenziwa uvavanyo olungenakonakala lwe-ultrasonic kwii-weldments ze-component ze-hydrogen fuel cells ze-heat exchanger ezintathu ezisetyenziswa kwimishini yamandla ahlukileyo kunye nezithuthi.
“Olu luvavanyo olubalulekileyo kuba uninzi lwezinto esizithumelayo zinegesi ezinokuba yingozi ezidlula kuzo. Kubaluleke kakhulu kuthi nakubathengi bethu ukuba intsimbi engagqwaliyo ingabi nasiphako, kwaye akukho ndawo ivuzayo,” utshilo uHammer.
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