Ngakhale ukadaulo wowotcherera wa orbital si wachilendo, ukupitilizabe kusinthika, kukhala wamphamvu komanso wosunthika, makamaka pankhani yowotcherera mipope.Kufunsana ndi Tom Hammer, wowotcherera waluso wa Axenics ku Middleton, Massachusetts, akuwulula njira zambiri zomwe njira iyi ingagwiritsire ntchito kuthetsa mavuto ovuta kuwotcherera.Chithunzi mwachilolezo cha Axenics
Kuwotcherera kwa Orbital kwakhalapo kwa zaka pafupifupi 60, ndikuwonjezera makina ku ndondomeko ya GMAW.Iyi ndi njira yodalirika, yothandiza yopangira ma welds angapo, ngakhale kuti OEMs ena ndi opanga sanagwiritsebe ntchito mphamvu za orbital welders, kudalira kuwotcherera pamanja kapena njira zina kuti agwirizane ndi zitsulo zazitsulo.
Mfundo za kuwotcherera kwa orbital zakhala zikuchitika kwa zaka zambiri, koma kuthekera kwa ma welder atsopano a orbital kumawapangitsa kukhala chida champhamvu kwambiri pazowotcherera, popeza ambiri tsopano ali ndi zinthu "zanzeru" kuti zikhale zosavuta kukonza ndi kukonza zisanachitike. Yambani ndikusintha mwachangu, molondola kuti muwonetsetse kuti ma welds osasinthika, oyera komanso odalirika.
Gulu la owotchera la Axenics ku Middleton, Massachusetts, ndi kampani yopanga zida zomwe zimatsogolera makasitomala ake ambiri pamachitidwe owotcherera a orbital ngati pali zinthu zoyenera pantchitoyo.
Tom Hammer, wowotcherera waluso pa kampani ya Axenics anati: “Kumene kunali kotheka, tinkafuna kuti tichotse zinthu zimene anthu amawotchera, chifukwa ma welder a orbital nthawi zambiri amatulutsa ma weld apamwamba kwambiri.
Ngakhale kuwotcherera koyambirira kunachitika zaka 2000 zapitazo, kuwotcherera kwamakono ndi njira yotsogola kwambiri yomwe imagwirizana ndi matekinoloje ena amakono ndi njira.
M'modzi mwamakasitomala a Axenics ndi gawo la chain chain.Idafunafuna wopanga makontrakitala kuti athandizire kukulitsa mphamvu zake zopangira, makamaka kupanga ndi kukhazikitsa ngalande zachitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zomwe zimalola kuti mpweya udutse popanga zinthu zowotcha.
Ngakhale mayunitsi owotcherera a orbital ndi matebulo ozungulira okhala ndi zingwe zomangira ma tochi amapezeka pantchito zambiri zama tubular ku Axenics, izi siziletsa kuwotcherera pamanja mwa apo ndi apo.
Hammer ndi gulu lowotchera adawunikiranso zomwe kasitomala amafuna ndikufunsa mafunso, poganizira za mtengo ndi nthawi:
Zowotcherera zozungulira zozungulira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi Hammer ndi Swagelok M200 ndi Arc Machines Model 207A. Iwo amatha kugwira machubu 1/16 mpaka 4 inchi.
"Microheads imatilola kuti tilowe m'malo olimba kwambiri," adatero. "Cholepheretsa chimodzi cha kuwotcherera kwa orbital ndikuti tili ndi mutu womwe umagwirizana ndi olowa. Koma lero, mutha kukulunganso unyolo pozungulira chitoliro chomwe mukuwotcherera. Wowotcherera amatha kupitilira unyolo, ndipo palibe malire pa kukula kwa ma welds omwe mungathe kuchita. . . . zodabwitsa zimene makinawa angachite masiku ano.”
Poganizira zofunikira za chiyero, chiwerengero cha welds chofunika, ndi makulidwe woonda khoma, kuwotcherera orbital ndi kusankha mwanzeru kwa mtundu uwu wa project.For airflow ndondomeko ulamuliro mapaipi ntchito, Hammer kawirikawiri welds pa 316L zosapanga dzimbiri zitsulo.
"Ndi pamene zimakhala zochenjera kwambiri. Tikukamba za kuwotcherera pa pepala zitsulo zopyapyala. Ndi kuwotcherera pamanja, kusintha pang'ono kungathe kuswa weld. Ndicho chifukwa chake timakonda kugwiritsa ntchito mutu wa orbital weld, kumene tikhoza Kuyimba mu gawo lirilonse la chubu ndikulipanga kukhala langwiro musanayike gawolo. Timatsitsa mphamvu ku ndalama zinazake kuti tidziwe kuti tidzakhala ndi diso, tidzakhala ndi kusintha kwabwino. ndipo ngati tipalasa kwambiri, imatha kulowa mkati mwazinthuzo. ”
Ntchitoyi imakhala ndi zowotcherera mazana ambiri zomwe ziyenera kukhala zofanana.Wowotcherera wozungulira wogwiritsidwa ntchito pa ntchitoyi amapanga kuwotcherera kwa mphindi zitatu; Pamene Hammer akuchita mothamanga kwambiri, amatha kuwotcherera pamanja chubu chachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chomwechi pafupifupi mphindi imodzi.
"Komabe, makinawo sakuchedwetsa." Mumayendetsa mofulumira kwambiri m'mawa, ndipo kumapeto kwa tsiku, akuthamanga kwambiri," adatero Hammer. "Ndimayendetsa mwachangu kwambiri m'mawa, koma pamapeto pake, sizili choncho."
Kupewa zonyansa kuti zilowe muzitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri ndizofunikira kwambiri, chifukwa chake kusungunula kwapamwamba kwambiri m'makampani a semiconductor nthawi zambiri kumachitika mu chipinda choyera, malo otetezedwa omwe amalepheretsa zonyansa kulowa m'dera logulitsidwa.
Hammer amagwiritsa ntchito tungsten yemweyo yemwe anali wakuthwa m'manja mwake nyali zomwe amagwiritsa ntchito mu Orbiter.Ngakhale argon yoyera imapereka kuyeretsa kwakunja ndi mkati mwa kuwotcherera kwamanja ndi orbital, kuwotcherera ndi makina a orbital kumapindulanso chifukwa chochitidwa mu malo otsekedwa. zomwe zikuwotchedwa.
Zowotcherera za orbital nthawi zambiri zimakhala zoyera chifukwa mpweya umakwirira chubu motalika.Kuwotcherera kukayamba, argon imapereka chitetezo mpaka wowotchererayo atsimikiza kuti weldyo ndi wozizira mokwanira.
Axenics amagwira ntchito ndi makasitomala angapo amphamvu omwe amapanga ma cell amafuta a hydrogen omwe amayendetsa magalimoto osiyanasiyana.Mwachitsanzo, ma forklift ena omwe amamangidwa kuti agwiritse ntchito m'nyumba amadalira ma cell amafuta a hydrogen kuti asawononge zinthu zomwe zimadya.Zomwe zimangopangidwa ndi cell yamafuta a hydrogen ndi madzi.
Mmodzi mwa makasitomala anali ndi zofunikira zambiri zofanana ndi wopanga semiconductor, monga chiyero cha weld ndi consistency.Iye akufuna kugwiritsa ntchito zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri 321 zowotcherera khoma.
Wowotchera orbital woyenera ntchitoyo amawononga ndalama zokwana madola 2,000, ndipo angagwiritsidwe ntchito kupanga magawo ochepa, ndi ndalama zokwana madola 250. Sizomveka ndalama.
"Pamenepa, ndingagwiritse ntchito tebulo lozungulira," akutero Hammer. osati wangwiro monga kuwotcherera orbital chifukwa si malo otsekedwa, koma mtundu uwu wa kuwotcherera akhoza kuchitidwa mu malo aukhondo m'chipinda kuchotsa zoipitsa.”
Ngakhale teknoloji yowotcherera ya orbital imapereka chiyero ndi kubwerezabwereza, Hammer ndi anzake omwe amawotchera amadziwa kuti kukhulupirika kwa weld n'kofunika kwambiri kuti tipewe nthawi yopuma chifukwa cha kulephera kwa weld.
"Zowotcherera zilizonse zomwe timapanga zimatsimikiziridwa mowoneka," akutero Hammer. "Pambuyo pake, ma weld amayesedwa ndi helium spectrometer. Malinga ndi zomwe makasitomala amafuna, ma welds ena amayesedwa ndi radiographical. Kuyesa kowononga ndi njiranso."
Kuyesa kowononga kungaphatikizepo kuyesa kwamphamvu kwamphamvu kuti mudziwe mphamvu yamphamvu kwambiri ya weld.Kuyeza kupsinjika kwakukulu komwe kuwotcherera pazinthu monga 316L zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zimatha kupirira zisanachitike, mayesowo amatambasula ndikutambasula chitsulocho mpaka kusweka kwake.
Welds ndi zina mphamvu makasitomala nthawi zina pansi akupanga nondestructive kuyezetsa pa chigawo weldments atatu njira kutentha exchanger haidrojeni mafuta maselo ntchito zina mphamvu makina ndi magalimoto.
"Ichi ndi chiyeso chovuta kwambiri chifukwa zinthu zambiri zomwe timatumiza zimakhala ndi mpweya woopsa womwe umadutsamo." Ndizofunika kwambiri kwa ife ndi makasitomala athu kuti zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zizikhala zopanda vuto, zomwe zimatayikira ziro," akutero Hammer.
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