Nubwo ikoranabuhanga ryo gusudira mu buryo bw'ikirere ritari rishya, rikomeje gutera imbere, rirushaho kugira imbaraga no gukoreshwa mu buryo butandukanye, cyane cyane iyo bigeze ku gusudira imiyoboro. Ikiganiro na Tom Hammer, umuhanga mu gusudira muri Axenics i Middleton, muri Massachusetts, kigaragaza uburyo bwinshi ubu buryo bushobora gukoreshwa mu gukemura ibibazo bikomeye byo gusudira. Ishusho yatanzwe na Axenics
Gusudira mu kirere bimaze imyaka igera kuri 60, byongera imikorere ya GMAW. Ubu ni uburyo bwizewe kandi bufatika bwo gusudira mu buryo bwinshi, nubwo bamwe mu bakozi n'abakora ibikoresho batarakoresha imbaraga z'abasudira mu kirere, bishingikiriza ku gusudira n'intoki cyangwa izindi ngamba zo guhuza imiyoboro y'icyuma.
Amahame yo gusudira mu buryo bw'ikirere amaze imyaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo, ariko ubushobozi bw'abasudira mu buryo bw'ikirere butuma baba igikoresho gikomeye mu bikoresho by'abasudira, kuko benshi ubu bafite ibintu "by'ubwenge" byoroshye gutegura no gutunganya mbere yo gusudira nyabyo. Tangira uhindura vuba kandi neza kugira ngo urebe ko gusudira guhoraho, gutunganye kandi kwizerwa.
Itsinda ry’abasudira rya Axenics ryo muri Middleton, muri Massachusetts, ni uruganda rukora ibice by’ingenzi ruyobora abakiriya barwo benshi mu bijyanye no gusudira mu buryo bwo kuzenguruka iyo hari ibintu bikwiye kuri ako kazi.
Tom Hammer, umuhanga mu gusudira muri Axenics, agira ati: “Aho bishoboka, twashakaga gukuraho ikintu cy’umuntu mu gusudira, kuko abasudira bo mu kirere muri rusange bakora gusudira neza cyane.”
Nubwo gusudira bya mbere byakozwe mu myaka 2000 ishize, gusudira bigezweho ni inzira iteye imbere cyane kandi ihuriweho n'izindi koranabuhanga n'imikorere bigezweho. Urugero, gusudira mu buryo bwa orbital bishobora gukoreshwa mu gukora sisitemu z'imiyoboro isuku cyane ikoreshwa mu gukora wafer za semiconductor zikoreshwa mu bikoresho byose by'ikoranabuhanga muri iki gihe.
Umwe mu bakiriya ba Axenics ni umwe mu bagize uruhererekane rw'ibikoresho. Yashatse uruganda rukora ibicuruzwa rubifitiye ububasha kugira ngo rufashe kwagura ubushobozi bwarwo bwo gukora, cyane cyane gukora no gushyiraho imiyoboro y'ibyuma bitagira umugese yemerera imyuka kunyura mu gikorwa cyo gukora wafer.
Nubwo ibikoresho byo gusudira bizenguruka n'ameza azunguruka afite imigozi y'urumuri biboneka ku mirimo myinshi yo mu bwoko bwa tubular muri Axenics, ibi ntibibuza gusudira intoki rimwe na rimwe.
Hammer n'itsinda rishinzwe gusudira basuzumye ibyo umukiriya akeneye, banabaza ibibazo, bakurikije ikiguzi n'igihe:
Utwuma two gusudira two mu bwoko bwa rotary dukoreshwa na Hammer ni Swagelok M200 na Arc Machines Model 207A. Turashobora gufata imiyoboro ya santimetero 1/16 kugeza kuri 4.
Yagize ati: “Microheads zidufasha kugera ahantu hato cyane.” “Imbibi imwe mu gusudira mu buryo bw’ikirere ni ukumenya niba dufite umutwe ujyanye n’aho uhurira. Ariko uyu munsi, ushobora no gupfunyika umugozi ku muyoboro urimo gusudira. Umusudizi ashobora kurenga umuyoboro, kandi nta mupaka ufite ku bunini bw’udusudizi ushobora gukora. . Nabonye ibyuma bimwe na bimwe bikora gusudira ku muyoboro wa santimetero 20. Biratangaje ibyo izi mashini zishobora gukora uyu munsi.”
Ukurikije ibisabwa ku isuku, umubare w'ingufu zisabwa, n'ubugari bw'urukuta rworoshye, gusudira mu kirere ni amahitamo meza kuri ubu bwoko bw'umushinga. Ku bijyanye n'imirimo yo kugenzura inzira y'umwuka, Hammer ikunze gusudira ku cyuma cya 316L kitarangirika.
“Ni bwo biba byoroshye cyane. Tuvuga gusudira ku mpapuro zoroheje. Mu gusudira n'intoki, gukosora gato bishobora gusenya isudi. Niyo mpamvu dukunda gukoresha umutwe w’isudi uhuza ibyuma, aho dushobora gukanda buri gice cy’umuyoboro tukagitunganya neza mbere yo gushyiramo igice. Tugabanya ingufu ku rugero runaka kugira ngo tumenye ko iyo dushyizemo igice kizaba cyiza. Ku bw'intoki, impinduka ikorwa n'amaso, kandi iyo dukoresheje intoki cyane, ishobora kwinjira mu buryo butaziguye mu bikoresho.”
Akazi kagizwe n'amagana y'ubusudi bugomba kuba busa. Umusudi wo mu kirere ukoreshwa muri aka kazi akora ubusudi mu minota itatu; iyo Hammer akora ku muvuduko wo hejuru, ashobora gusudira n'intoki umuyoboro umwe w'icyuma kitagira umugozi mu gihe kingana n'umunota umwe.
“Ariko, imashini ntabwo igabanya umuvuduko. Uyikoresha ku muvuduko ntarengwa mu gitondo, kandi mu mpera z’umunsi, iracyakora ku muvuduko ntarengwa,” Hammer yagize ati: “Nyikoresha ku muvuduko ntarengwa mu gitondo, ariko amaherezo si ko bimeze.”
Kurinda ko ibintu byanduye byinjira mu miyoboro y'icyuma kidashonga ni ingenzi cyane, niyo mpamvu gusoda mu nganda zikora ibikoresho bya semiconductor bikunze gukorwa mu cyumba cy'isuku, ahantu hagenzurwa neza bigatuma ibintu byanduye bitinjira mu gice gisoda.
Hammer akoresha tungsten ishaje mu matara ye nk'uko akoresha muri Orbiter. Nubwo argon nziza itanga isukura ry'inyuma n'iry'imbere mu gusudira hakoreshejwe intoki n'iry'inyuma, gusudira hakoreshejwe imashini zizunguruka nabyo bigira akamaro ko gukorerwa ahantu hafunze. Iyo tungsten isohotse, igikonoshwa cyuzuyemo gaze kandi kikarinda isukura gushonga. Iyo ukoresheje itara ry'intoki, gaze ihuhwa gusa ku ruhande rumwe rw'umuyoboro uri gusudira ubu.
Ubusoda bwo mu kirere muri rusange burasukuye kuko umwuka utwikira umuyoboro igihe kirekire. Iyo ubusoda butangiye, argon irinda kugeza igihe umusudizi yizeye ko ubusoda bukonje bihagije.
Axenics ikorana n'abakiriya benshi b'ingufu zisimbura izindi bakora uturemangingo twa hydrogene dukoresha ingufu z'imodoka zitandukanye. Urugero, zimwe mu mashini zikora forklifts zubatswe mu nzu zikoresha uturemangingo twa hydrogene kugira ngo zikumire ibikomoka ku binyabutabire byangiza ibiribwa biribwa. Amazi ni yo yonyine akomoka ku turemangingo twa hydrogene.
Umwe mu bakiriya yari afite byinshi bisabwa nk'uko byasabwaga n'uruganda rukora ibikoresho bya semiconductor, nko gusudira neza no guhuza ibintu. Irashaka gukoresha icyuma kitagira umugozi cya 321 mu gusudira ku nkuta nto. Ariko, akazi kari ugushushanya ubwoko butandukanye bw'ibikoresho bya valve, buri kimwe kigaragara mu cyerekezo gitandukanye, bigatuma hasigara umwanya muto wo gusudira.
Imashini isudira ikoreshwa mu gusudira ikoreshwa mu buryo bw'izuba igura hafi $2.000, kandi ishobora gukoreshwa mu gukora ibice bike, bingana n'amadolari 250. Ntabwo byumvikana mu by'imari. Ariko, Hammer ifite igisubizo gihuza tekiniki zo gusudira hakoreshejwe intoki n'izo gusudira hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga ry'izuba.
“Muri iki gihe, nakoresha ameza azunguruka,” Hammer aravuga. “Mu by’ukuri ni kimwe n’icyuma gisudira mu kirere, ariko urimo uzunguruka umuyoboro, ntabwo ari electrode ya tungsten ikikije umuyoboro. Nkoresha itoroshi yanjye y’intoki, ariko nshobora gufata itoroshi yanjye mu mwanya wayo nkoresheje vise Ishyizwe mu mwanya wayo kugira ngo idakoreshwa n’intoki kugira ngo itoroshi idakwangizwa no gusudira cyangwa kunyeganyega kw’intoki kw’abantu. Ibi bikuraho amakosa menshi y’abantu. Ntabwo ari byiza cyane nko gusudira mu kirere kuko atari ahantu hafunze, ariko ubu bwoko bwa Gusudira bushobora gukorerwa mu cyumba gisukuye kugira ngo haveho umwanda.”
Nubwo ikoranabuhanga ryo gusudira mu kirere ritanga ubuziranenge no gusubiramo, Hammer na bagenzi be bakora ubusudi bazi ko ubuziranenge bwo gusudira ari ingenzi mu gukumira igihe cyo kudakora neza bitewe n’ibibazo byo gusudira. Iyi sosiyete ikoresha ibizamini bitangiza (NDT), ndetse rimwe na rimwe n’ibizamini byangiza, ku busudi bwose bwo mu kirere.
Hammer agira ati: “Buri mashini dukora irasuzumwa neza.” Nyuma yaho, mashini zisuzumwa zipimwa hifashishijwe icyuma gipima helium. Bitewe n’ibipimo cyangwa ibyo umukiriya akeneye, mashini zimwe na zimwe zisuzumwa hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga rya radiyo. Gupima no kwangiza ni amahitamo.”
Isuzuma ryangiza rishobora kuba rikubiyemo isuzuma ry’imbaraga zo gukurura kugira ngo hamenyekane imbaraga zo gukurura za sude. Kugira ngo hamenyekane uburemere ntarengwa, sude ku bikoresho nka 316L stainless steel ishobora kwihanganira mbere yuko inanirwa, isuzuma rirakura rikanarambura icyuma kugeza aho cyamenetse.
Gusudira hakoreshejwe abakoresha ingufu zisimbura izindi rimwe na rimwe bikorerwa isuzuma ritangiza ikoranabuhanga ku bice by’ingufu za hydrogen zikoreshwa mu mashini n’imodoka zisimbura izindi.
Hammer agira ati: “Iki ni ikizamini gikomeye kuko ibice byinshi twohereza bifite imyuka ishobora guteza akaga inyuramo. Ni ingenzi cyane kuri twe no ku bakiriya bacu ko icyuma kitagira umugese kitagira inenge, nta hantu na hamwe hashobora kuva imyuka.”
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