I-Argon backflush idla ngokufuneka xa kudityaniswa iityhubhu zentsimbi engagqwaliyo kunye neepayipi kusetyenziswa iinkqubo eziqhelekileyo ezifana ne-gas shield tungsten arc welding (GTAW) kunye ne-shield metal arc welding (SMAW). Kodwa ixabiso legesi kunye nexesha lokuseta inkqubo yokucoca linokubaluleka, ngakumbi njengoko ububanzi kunye nobude bepayipi busanda.
Xa kudityaniswa intsimbi engagqwaliyo ye-300 Series, abakhi banokuphelisa ukuqhambuka kwe-back-breakout kwii-open root canal welds ngokutshintshela kwi-GTAW yendabuko okanye i-SMAW ukuya kwinkqubo yokudibanisa ephucukileyo, ngelixa begcina ii-welds ezikumgangatho ophezulu, begcina ukumelana nokugqwala kwezinto, kwaye behlangabezana ne-Welding Procedure Specification (WPS). ) ifuna inkqubo yokudibanisa i-arc metal arc yesekethe emfutshane (GMAW). Inkqubo ye-GMAW yesekethe emfutshane ephuculweyo ikwabonelela ngokusebenza okongezelelweyo, ukusebenza kakuhle kunye neenzuzo ezilula zokusebenzisa ukunceda ukwandisa inzuzo.
Ngenxa yokumelana nokugqwala kwazo kunye namandla azo, ii-alloys zentsimbi engagqwali zisetyenziswa kwiindawo ezininzi zokufaka iipayipi kunye neepayipi, kubandakanya ioyile negesi, iikhemikhali zepetroli, kunye ne-biofuels. Nangona i-GTAW ibisoloko isetyenziswa kwiindawo ezininzi zokufaka iintsimbi ezingagqwali, ineengxaki ezithile ezinokulungiswa nge-short circuit GMAW ephuculweyo.
Okokuqala, njengoko kukho ukunqongophala okuqhubekayo kwabawelda abanobuchule, ukufumana abasebenzi abaqhelene neGTAW ngumceli mngeni oqhubekayo. Okwesibini, iGTAW ayisiyonkqubo yokuwelda ekhawulezayo, ethintela iinkampani ezifuna ukwandisa imveliso ukuze zihlangabezane neemfuno zabathengi. Okwesithathu, ifuna ukufakelwa imibhobho yentsimbi engagqwali ixesha elide nebiza kakhulu.
Yintoni impendulo? Ukucoca kukungenisa igesi ngexesha lenkqubo yokuhlanganisa ukuze kususwe izinto ezingcolisayo kwaye kubonelelwe ngenkxaso. Ukucoca ngasemva kukhusela umva we-weld ekudalweni kwee-oxide ezinzima xa kukho ioksijini.
Ukuba icala elingasemva alikhuselekanga ngexesha lokudityaniswa komjelo weengcambu ovulekileyo, umonakalo kwisiseko unokubakho. Oku kuqhekeka kubizwa ngokuba yi-saccharification kuba kubangela ukuba kubekho umphezulu ofana neswekile ngaphakathi kwi-weld. Ukuthintela ukukhuhlana, umthungi ufaka ipayipi yegesi kwelinye icala lombhobho aze afake isiphelo sombhobho ngevalvu yokucoca. Bakwadala nomoya kwelinye icala lombhobho. Bahlala bebeka iteyipu ejikeleze umngxuma wejoyinti. Emva kokucoca umbhobho, basusa iqhekeza leteyipu ejikeleze ijoyinti baze baqalise ukudityaniswa, bephinda inkqubo yokuqhawula nokudityaniswa de i-root bead igqitywe.
Yeka ukusabela okungalunganga. Ukulandelela kwakhona kunokubiza ixesha elininzi kunye nemali, kwezinye iimeko kongeze amawaka eedola kwiprojekthi. Ukutshintshela kwinkqubo ye-GMAW ejikelezayo emfutshane kuvumela inkampani ukuba yenze i-root pass ngaphandle kokusebenzisa i-backflushing kwiindawo ezininzi zentsimbi engagqwaliyo. Ukuwelda iintsimbi ezingagqwaliyo ezingama-300 series kufanelekile oku, ngelixa ukuwelda iintsimbi ezingagqwaliyo ezi-duplex ezicocekileyo ngoku kufuna i-GTAW ukuze i-root pass ifumaneke.
Ukugcina ubushushu buphantsi kangangoko kunokwenzeka kunceda ukugcina ukumelana nokugqwala kwesixhobo somsebenzi. Enye indlela yokunciphisa ubushushu bungena kukunciphisa inani lee-welding passes. Iinkqubo ze-GMAW ezimfutshane eziphucukileyo ezifana ne-controlled metal deposition (RMD®) zisebenzisa ukudluliselwa kwesinyithi okulawulwa ngokuchanekileyo ukuqinisekisa ukubekwa kwamaconsi afanayo. Oku kwenza kube lula kumenzi welding ukulawula ichibi lokuwelda, nto leyo elawula ukufakelwa kobushushu kunye nesantya sokuwelda. Ukufakwa kobushushu obuncinci kuvumela ichibi lokuwelda ukuba liqine ngokukhawuleza.
Ngenxa yokudluliselwa kwesinyithi okulawulwayo kunye nokukhenkceza ngokukhawuleza kwechibi lokuwelda, ichibi lokuwelda alinazidubedube kangako kwaye igesi yokukhusela iphuma kwitotshi ye-GMAW kakuhle. Oku kuvumela igesi yokukhusela ukuba idlule kwingcambu eveziweyo, ikhuphe umoya kwaye ithintele ukugcwala kweswekile okanye i-oxidation phantsi kwe-weld. Olu gqumo lwegesi luthatha ixesha elifutshane kuba amadama aqanda ngokukhawuleza.
Uvavanyo lubonise ukuba inkqubo ye-GMAW yesekethe emfutshane eguquliweyo iyahlangabezana nemigangatho yomgangatho wokuwelda ngelixa igcina ukumelana nokugqwala kwentsimbi engagqwaliyo yokuwelda kweengcambu zeGTAW.
Ukutshintsha inkqubo yokuwelda kufuna ukuba inkampani iphinde iqinisekise i-WPS, kodwa olo tshintsho lunokubangela inzuzo enkulu yexesha kunye nokonga iindleko kumsebenzi omtsha wokuvelisa nokulungisa.
Ukuwelda imijelo evulekileyo yeengcambu kusetyenziswa inkqubo ye-GMAW yesekethe emfutshane ephucukileyo kubonelela ngeenzuzo ezongezelelweyo kwimveliso, ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nemfundo yabawelda. Oku kuquka:
Iphelisa amathuba okuba kubekho imijelo eshushu ngenxa yokuba kungenzeka ukuba kubekho isinyithi esingaphezulu ukuze kwandiswe ubukhulu bomjelo weengcambu.
Ukumelana okugqwesileyo nokufuduka okuphezulu nokuphantsi phakathi kwamacandelo emibhobho. Ngokudluliselwa kwesinyithi okugudileyo, le nkqubo ingazivala ngokulula izikhewu ukuya kuthi ga kwi-intshi ezi-3⁄16.
Ubude be-arc abuguquguquki nokuba i-electrode yolulwe kangakanani na, nto leyo ehlawulela ubunzima babaqhubi abakufumanisa kunzima ukugcina ulwandiso oluqhubekayo. Ichibi lokuwelda elilawulwa lula kunye nokudluliselwa kwesinyithi okufanayo kunokunciphisa ixesha loqeqesho lwabawelda abatsha.
Ixesha lokungasebenzi elincitshisiweyo lokutshintsha inkqubo. Ucingo olufanayo kunye negesi yokukhusela ingasetyenziselwa iingcambu, ukuzalisa kunye nokugubungela imijelo. Inkqubo ye-pulsed GMAW ingasetyenziswa ukuba imijelo izaliswe kwaye ivalwe ubuncinane i-80% ngegesi yokukhusela i-argon.
Kwimisebenzi yokubuyisela umva kwentsimbi engagqwaliyo, kubalulekile ukulandela iingcebiso ezintlanu eziphambili zotshintsho oluphumelelayo kwinkqubo ye-GMAW yesekethe emfutshane eguquliweyo.
Coca imibhobho ngaphakathi nangaphandle ukuze ususe naluphi na ungcoliseko. Sebenzisa ibrashi yentsimbi eyenzelwe intsimbi engagqwaliyo ukucoca umva wejoyinti ubuncinane i-intshi enye ukusuka emphethoni.
Sebenzisa isinyithi esingenasici esine-silicon eninzi njenge-316LSi okanye i-308LSi. Umxholo ophezulu we-silicon ukhuthaza ukumanzisa kwechibi lokuwelda kwaye usebenza njenge-deoxidizer.
Ukuze ufumane iziphumo ezilungileyo, sebenzisa umxube wegesi yokukhusela eyenzelwe ngokukodwa le nkqubo, njenge-90% ye-helium, i-7.5% ye-argon, kunye ne-2.5% ye-carbon dioxide. Olunye ukhetho yi-98% ye-argon kunye ne-2% ye-carbon dioxide. Umthengisi wegesi yokupholisa unokuba nezinye iingcebiso.
Ukuze ufumane iziphumo ezilungileyo, sebenzisa incam ekhoni kunye nencam yomjelo weengcambu ukuze ufumane indawo egqunywe yigesi. I-nozzle ekhoniweyo ene-gas diffuser eyakhelwe ngaphakathi inika indawo egqunywe kakuhle.
Qaphela ukuba ukusebenzisa inkqubo ye-GMAW yesekethe emfutshane eguquliweyo engenagesi yokuxhasa ibangela ukuba kubekho inkunkuma encinci engaphantsi kwe-weld. Ihlala iphela njengoko i-weld iphola kwaye ihlangabezana nemigangatho yomgangatho kwishishini leoyile, kwizityalo zamandla nakwiikhemikhali zepetroli.
UJim Byrne ngumphathi wentengiso kunye nezicelo zeMiller Electric Mfg. LLC, 1635 W. Spencer St., Appleton, WI 54912, 920-734-9821, www.millerwelds.com.
ITube & nePipe Journal 于1990 年成為第一本致力于為金属管材行业服务的杂志. Ijenali yeTube kunye nePipe ngo-1990 Umbhobho & Ijenali yombhobho стал первым журналом, посвященным индустрии металлических труб в 1990 году. I-Tube & Pipe Journal yaba yimagazini yokuqala ezinikele kushishino lweepayipi zesinyithi ngo-1990.Namhlanje, iseyeyona ncwadi kuphela kushishino eMntla Melika kwaye iye yaba ngumthombo wolwazi othembekileyo kwiingcali kushishino lweepayipi.
Ngoku ngokufikelela ngokupheleleyo kwi-The FABRICATOR digital edition, kulula ukufikelela kwizixhobo ezixabisekileyo zoshishino.
Uhlelo lwedijithali lweThe Tube & Pipe Journal ngoku lufikeleleka ngokupheleleyo, nto leyo enika ukufikelela lula kwizixhobo ezixabisekileyo zoshishino.
Fumana ukufikelela okugcweleyo kwedijithali kwi-STAMPING Journal, equlethe ubuchwepheshe bamva nje, iindlela ezilungileyo kunye neendaba zoshishino kwimarike yokunyathela isinyithi.
Ngoku unokufikelela ngokupheleleyo kwi-The Fabricator ngeSpanish, unokufikelela lula kwizixhobo ezixabisekileyo zoshishino.