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Isesengura ry’ibipimo by’amazi rifite akamaro kanini mu bumenyi bw’ubuzima no mu igenzura ry’ibidukikije. Muri uyu murimo, twakoze icyuma gipima urumuri gito kandi gihendutse gishingiye ku miyoboro y’amashanyarazi y’icyuma (MCCs) kugira ngo tumenye neza uburyo amazi ashyirwa mu kirere. Inzira y’urumuri ishobora kongerwa cyane, kandi ikaba ndende cyane kuruta uburebure bw’umubiri bwa MWC, kuko urumuri rukwirakwijwe n’inkuta z’icyuma zikozwe mu cyuma gishobora kuba kiri mu miyoboro y’amaraso hatitawe ku nguni y’urumuri. Ibipimo biri hasi ya 5.12 nM bishobora kugerwaho hakoreshejwe ibikoresho bisanzwe bya chromogenic bitewe no kongera imbaraga mushya kw’urumuri no guhindura ingero vuba no kumenya isukari.
Fotometiri ikoreshwa cyane mu gusesengura ibimenyetso by'amazi bitewe n'ubwinshi bw'ibikoresho bya chromogenic reagents hamwe n'ibikoresho bya optoelectronic bya semiconductor1,2,3,4,5. Ugereranyije n'uburyo busanzwe bwo kumenya absorbance bushingiye kuri cuvette, liquid waveguide (LWC) capillaries reflection (TIR) ​​​​bituma urumuri rwa probe ruguma mu gacupa ka 1,2,3,4,5. Ariko, hatabayeho kunoza kurushaho, inzira y'urumuri iri hafi y'uburebure bwa LWC3.6 gusa, kandi kongera uburebure bwa LWC burenga metero 1.0 bizaterwa no kugabanuka k'urumuri cyane ndetse n'ibyago byinshi byo kurwara uduheri, nibindi.3, 7. Ku bijyanye n'akaremangingo kagaragaza reflection nyinshi kugira ngo hongerwe inzira y'urumuri, umupaka wo kumenya urushaho kunozwa ku kigero cya 2.5-8.9 gusa.
Ubu hari ubwoko bubiri bw'ingenzi bwa LWC, ari bwo Teflon AF capillaries (ifite igipimo cyo kugarura ubushyuhe cya ~1.3 gusa, kiri munsi y'amazi) na silica capillaries zitwikiriwe na Teflon AF cyangwa filimi z'icyuma1,3,4. Kugira ngo ugere kuri TIR mu buryo buhuza ibikoresho bya dielectric, ibikoresho bifite igipimo cyo kugarura ubushyuhe gito n'inguni nyinshi z'urumuri birakenewe3,6,10. Ku bijyanye na Teflon AF capillaries, Teflon AF ihumeka bitewe n'imiterere yayo y'imyenge3,11 kandi ishobora kwinjiza ibintu bike mu bipimo by'amazi. Ku miyoboro ya quartz itwikiriwe inyuma na Teflon AF cyangwa filimi, igipimo cyo kugarura ubushyuhe cya quartz (1.45) kiri hejuru kurusha ingero nyinshi z'amazi (urugero: 1.33 ku mazi)3,6,12,13. Ku miyoboro itwikiriwe na filimi y'icyuma imbere, imiterere y'ubwikorezi yasuzumwe14,15,16,17,18, ariko inzira yo gusiga iragoye, ubuso bwa filimi y'icyuma bufite imiterere igoye kandi ifite imyenge4,19.
Byongeye kandi, LWC z’ubucuruzi (AF Teflon Coated Capillaries na AF Teflon Coated Silica Capillaries, World Precision Instruments, Inc.) zifite izindi ngorane, nko: ku makosa. . Ingano nini ya TIR3,10, (2) T-connector (yo guhuza imiyoboro y’amaraso, imiyoboro y’amashanyarazi, n’imiyoboro y’amazi yinjira/asohoka) ishobora gufata utubumbe tw’umwuka10.
Muri icyo gihe, kumenya urugero rw'isukari ni ingenzi cyane mu gusuzuma diyabete, cirrhosis y'umwijima n'indwara zo mu mutwe20. n'uburyo bwinshi bwo kumenya nka fotometeri (harimo spectrophotometry 21, 22, 23, 24, 25 na colorimeteri ku rupapuro rwa 26, 27, 28), galvanometry 29, 30, 31, fluorometry 32, 33, 34, 35, optical polarimeteri 36, surface plasmon resonance. 37, Fabry-Perot cavity 38, electrochemistry 39 na capillary electrophoresis 40,41 n'ibindi. Ariko, uburyo bwinshi muri ubu buryo busaba ibikoresho bihenze, kandi kumenya glucose ku gipimo cya nanomolar byinshi biracyari ikibazo (urugero, ku bipimo bya fotometeri21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, igipimo gito cya glucose). Inzitizi yari 30 nM gusa igihe uduce duto tw’ubururu twa Prussia twakoreshwaga nk’udukoko twa peroxidase. Isesengura rya glucose ya nanomolar rikunze gukenerwa mu bushakashatsi ku rwego rw’uturemangingo nko gukumira ikura rya kanseri ya prostate ku bantu42 ndetse n’imyitwarire ya CO2 ya Prochlorococcus mu nyanja.
Muri iyi nkuru, icyuma gito kandi gihendutse gishingiye ku gakoresho k'icyuma gafata umuraba (MWC), icyuma gifata umuraba cya SUS316L gifite ubuso bw'imbere bukozwe mu buryo bwa electropolished, cyakozwe kugira ngo kimenye neza uburyo bwo kwinjiza urumuri. Kubera ko urumuri rushobora gufatwa mu miyoboro y'icyuma hatitawe ku nguni y'aho ibintu bihurira, inzira y'urumuri ishobora kwiyongera cyane bitewe n'urumuri rukwirakwira ku buso bw'icyuma bumeze nk'ubudodo kandi bworoshye, kandi ni kirekire cyane kuruta uburebure bwa MWC. Byongeye kandi, icyuma cyoroshye cya T cyagenewe guhuza urumuri n'amazi yinjira/asohoka kugira ngo bigabanye ubwinshi bw'amazi kandi birinde imitego y'udusimba. Kuri 7 cm MWC photometer, umupaka wo kumenya uriyongereyeho inshuro zigera ku 3000 ugereranije na spectrophotometer y'ubucuruzi ifite cuvette ya cm 1 bitewe n'inyongera nshya y'inzira y'urumuri idakoresha umurongo n'uburyo bwo guhindura ingero vuba, kandi igipimo cyo kumenya isukari gishobora kugerwaho. 5.12 nM gusa hakoreshejwe reagents zisanzwe za chromogenic.
Nkuko bigaragara ku Ishusho ya 1, fotometero ishingiye kuri MWC igizwe na MWC ifite uburebure bwa cm 7 ifite ubuso bw'imbere bwa electropolished electrograde EP, LED ya 505 nm ifite lens, icyuma gipima foto detector gishobora guhindurwa, na bibiri byo guhuza optique na liquid input. Sohoka. Valve y'inzira eshatu ihujwe na Pike inlet tube ikoreshwa mu guhindura icyitegererezo cyinjira. Umuyoboro wa Peek uhuye neza na quartz plate na MWC, bityo ingano y'amazi muri T-connector iguma ku rugero ruto, bigatuma utubumbe tw'umwuka tudafatwa. Byongeye kandi, icyuma gikozwe muri collimated gishobora kwinjiza muri MWC byoroshye kandi neza binyuze kuri quartz plate ya T-piece.
Ingero z'umurabyo n'icyitegererezo cy'amazi byinjizwa muri MCC binyuze mu gice cya T, maze umurabyo unyura muri MCC ukakirwa n'icyuma gipima. Ibisubizo byinjiye by'ingero zanduye cyangwa zidafite ibara byinjijwe mu buryo butandukanye muri ICC binyuze mu buryo bwa valve y'inzira eshatu. Dukurikije itegeko rya Beer, ubucucike bw'ingero y'amabara bushobora kubarwa uhereye kuri equation. 1.10
aho Vcolor na Vblank ari ibimenyetso bisohoka bya fotodetector iyo ingero z'amabara n'ibitariho byinjijwe muri MCC, uko bikurikirana, naho Vdark ikaba ikimenyetso cy'inyuma cya fotodetector iyo LED izimye. Impinduka mu kimenyetso cy'ibisohoka ΔV = Vcolor–Vblank ishobora gupimwa hakoreshejwe ingero zihinduranya. Dukurikije ikigereranyo. Nkuko bigaragara ku Ishusho ya 1, niba ΔV ari nto cyane ugereranyije na Vblank–Vdark, iyo ukoresheje gahunda yo guhindura ingero, impinduka nto muri Vblank (urugero: drift) zishobora kugira ingaruka nke ku gaciro ka AMWC.
Kugira ngo tugereranye imikorere ya fotometero ikoresha MWC na spectrophotometer ikoresha cuvette, hakoreshejwe igisubizo cya wino itukura nk'icyitegererezo cy'amabara kubera ko ibara ryayo rihamye kandi rikagira umurongo mwiza wo gufata neza, DI H2O nk'icyitegererezo cy'ubusa. Nk'uko bigaragara mu mbonerahamwe ya 1, urukurikirane rw'ibisubizo bya wino itukura byateguwe hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gutandukanya imiterere hakoreshejwe DI H2O nk'ikintu gishongesha. Igipimo cy'icyitegererezo cya 1 (S1), irangi ry'umutuku ry'umwimerere ritavanze, cyagenwe nka 1.0. Ku ishusho ya 2 herekana amafoto y'urumuri rw'ibipimo 11 bya wino itukura (S4 kugeza S14) hamwe n'ibipimo (byanditswe mu mbonerahamwe ya 1) kuva kuri 8.0 × 10–3 (ibumoso) kugeza kuri 8.2 × 10–10 (iburyo).
Ibisubizo by'ibipimo by'icyitegererezo cya 6 bigaragazwa mu mashusho ya 3 (a). Ingingo zo guhinduranya hagati y'ingero zanduye n'izidafite ibara zigaragazwa ku ishusho n'uturongo tubiri "↔". Bigaragara ko voltage y'umusaruro yiyongera cyane iyo uhinduye kuva ku ingero z'amabara ujya ku ngero zidafite ibara, naho ubundi. Vcolor, Vblank na ΔV bihuye nayo bishobora kuboneka nk'uko bigaragara ku ishusho.
(a) Ibisubizo byo gupima icyitegererezo cya 6, (b) icyitegererezo cya 9, (c) icyitegererezo cya 13, na (d) icyitegererezo cya 14 hakoreshejwe fotometero ikoresha MWC.
Ibisubizo byo gupima ingero 9, 13, na 14 bigaragazwa mu ishusho ya 3 (b) - (d). Nkuko bigaragara ku ishusho ya 3 (d), ΔV yapimwe ni 5 nV gusa, bingana hafi inshuro 3 z'agaciro k'urusaku (2 nV). ΔV ntoya biragoye gutandukanya n'urusaku. Bityo, aho umupaka wo kubimenya wageze ku gipimo cya 8.2 × 10-10 (icyitegererezo cya 14). Hakoreshejwe ibigereranyo. 1. AMWC absorbance ishobora kubarwa uhereye ku gaciro ka Vcolor, Vblank na Vdark. Ku gikoresho gipima foto gifite inyungu ya 104 Vdark ni -0.68 μV. Ibisubizo byo gupima ingero zose bikubiye mu mbonerahamwe ya 1 kandi biboneka mu bikoresho by'inyongera. Nkuko bigaragara ku mbonerahamwe ya 1, absorbance iboneka ku gipimo kinini cyuzuye, bityo absorbance iri hejuru ya 3.7 ntishobora gupimwa hakoreshejwe spectrometer zishingiye kuri MWC.
Mu kugereranya, icyitegererezo cy'ibara ry'umutuku cyapimwe hakoreshejwe spectrophotometer kandi uburyo Acuvette ifata bugaragara ku Ishusho ya 4. Agaciro ka Acuvette kuri 505 nm (nk'uko bigaragara ku Imbonerahamwe ya 1) kabonetse hagendewe ku mirongo y'ingero 10, 11, cyangwa 12 (nk'uko bigaragara ku ishusho ya 4) nk'ishingiro. Nk'uko byagaragajwe, umupaka wo kumenya wageze ku gipimo cya 2.56 x 10-6 (icyitegererezo cya 9) kuko imirongo y'ingero 10, 11 na 12 yari idashobora gutandukana. Bityo, mu gihe cyo gukoresha fotometer ishingiye kuri MWC, umupaka wo kumenya wazamuweho igipimo cya 3125 ugereranije na spectrophotometer ishingiye kuri cuvette.
Ku bijyanye no kwinjizwa kw'amazi ku bipimo bya cuvette, ukwinjizwa kw'amazi kungana n'ubwinshi bw'inyi ku burebure bwa cm 1. Mu gihe, ku bipimo bishingiye kuri MWC, kwiyongera ku buryo butari umurongo byagaragaye ku bipimo biri hasi. Dukurikije itegeko rya Beer, ukwinjizwa kw'amazi kungana n'uburebure bw'inzira y'urumuri, bityo kwiyongera k'ubwinjizwe bw'amazi kungana na AEF (bisobanurwa nka AEF = AMWC/Acuvette ku gipimo kimwe cya wino) ni igipimo cya MWC ku burebure bw'inzira y'urumuri. Nkuko bigaragara ku Ishusho ya 5, ku bipimo byinshi, AEF idahinduka ni hafi 7.0, ibi bikaba ari ibintu bifatika kuko uburebure bwa MWC bungana n'inshuro 7 z'uburebure bwa cuvette ya cm 1. Ariko, ku gipimo gito (igipimo kijyanye <1.28 × 10-5 ), AEF iriyongera uko igipimo kigabanuka kandi yagera ku gaciro ka 803 ku gipimo kijyanye cya 8.2 × 10-10 binyuze mu gusesengura umurongo w'ibipimo bishingiye kuri cuvette. Ariko, ku gipimo gito (igipimo kijyanye <1.28 × 10-5 ), AEF iriyongera uko igipimo kigabanuka kandi yagera ku gaciro ka 803 ku gipimo kijyanye cya 8.2 × 10-10 binyuze mu gusesengura umurongo w'ibipimo bishingiye kuri cuvette. Однако при низких кирхх (относительная) баш <1,28 × 10–5) AEF увеличивается с уменьшением профессионрации и может достиит значения 803 при относительной чакрации 8,2 × 10-10 Ariko, ku gipimo gito (igipimo kiri hagati ya 1.28 × 10–5), AEF iriyongera uko igipimo kigabanuka kandi ishobora kugera ku gaciro ka 803 ku gipimo kiri hagati ya 8.2 × 10–10 iyo ikuwe mu gipimo gishingiye kuri cuvette.然而，在低浓度（相关浓度 <1.28 × 10-5 ）下， AEF 随着浓度的降低而增加，并且通过外推基于比色皿的测量曲线，在相关浓度为 8.2 × 10-10 时将达到 803 的值。然而 ， 在 低 浓度 （相关 浓度 <1.28 × 10-5） ， ， AEF 随着 的 降低 而 ， 并且 通过 外推 为 为 8.2 × 10-10 时 达到 达到 达到 Однако при низких барных (релевантные срации <1,28 × 10-5) АЭП увеличивается с уменьшением пррации, и при экстраполяции кривой измерения на основе кюветы она Ariko, ku gipimo gito (igipimo kijyanye < 1.28 × 10-5) AED iriyongera uko igipimo kigabanuka, kandi iyo ikuwe mu gipimo gishingiye kuri cuvette, igera ku gipimo cya 8.2 × 10–10 803.Ibi bituma habaho inzira y’urumuri ingana na cm 803 (AEF × cm 1), ikaba ndende cyane kuruta uburebure bwa MWC, ndetse ikaba ndende kurusha LWC ndende cyane iboneka ku isoko (cm 500 uvuye kuri World Precision Instruments, Inc.). Doko Engineering LLC ifite uburebure bwa cm 200). Uku kwiyongera kudashingiye ku murongo mu kwinjiza LWC ntikwigeze kugaragazwa mbere.
Ku ishusho ya 6 (a) - (c) hagaragara ishusho y'urumuri, ishusho ya mikorosikopi, n'ishusho y'urumuri rw'imbere rw'igice cya MWC. Nkuko bigaragara ku ishusho ya 6 (a), ubuso bw'imbere buraryoshye kandi burabagirana, bushobora kugaragaza urumuri rugaragara, kandi bugaragaza cyane. Nkuko bigaragara ku ishusho ya 6 (b), bitewe n'uburyo icyuma kidahinduka kandi gifite imiterere ya kristu, imiterere mito n'ibitagenda neza bigaragara ku buso bworoshye. Ukurikije ubuso buto (<5 μm×5 μm), ubukana bw'ubuso bwinshi buri munsi ya 1.2 nm (Ishusho ya 6 (c)). Urebye agace gato (<5 μm×5 μm), ubukana bw'ubuso bwinshi buri munsi ya 1.2 nm (Ishusho ya 6 (c)). Вивуу малой площ ради (<5 мкм × 5 мкм) шероховатость большей части поверхности соверляет мнее 1,2 нм (рис. 6 (в)). Bitewe n'agace gato (<5 µm×5 µm), ubukana bw'ubuso bwinshi buri munsi ya 1.2 nm (Ishusho ya 6 (c)).考虑到小面积（ <5 μ m × 5 μm ），大多数表面的粗糙度小于 1.2 nm （图 6 （c ））。考虑到小面积（ <5 μ m × 5 μm ），大多数表面的粗糙度小于 1.2 nm （图 6 （c ））。 Учитывая небольшую площадь (<5 мкм × 5 мкм), шероховатость большинства поверхностей соверляет мнее 1,2 нм (рис. 6 (в)). Urebye agace gato (<5 µm × 5 µm), ubukana bw'ubuso bwinshi buri munsi ya 1.2 nm (Ishusho ya 6 (c)).
(a) Ishusho y'urumuri, (b) ishusho ya mikorosikopi, na (c) ishusho y'urumuri rw'imbere rw'icukurwa rya MWC.
Nkuko bigaragara ku ishusho ya 7 (a), inzira y'urumuri ya LOP mu gacupa ka kapilari igenwa n'inguni y'icyorezo θ (LOP = LC / sinθ, aho LC ari uburebure bw'umubiri bwa kapilari). Ku miyoboro ya Teflon AF yuzuyemo DI H2O, inguni y'icyorezo igomba kuba nini kuruta inguni y'ingenzi ya 77.8°, bityo LOP ikaba iri munsi ya 1.02 × LC nta yindi ntambwe irushijeho kunozwa3.6. Mu gihe, kuri MWC, gufunga urumuri imbere mu gacupa ka kapilari bidafite aho bihuriye n'igipimo cyo kurekura cyangwa inguni y'icyorezo, bityo uko inguni y'icyorezo igabanuka, inzira y'urumuri ishobora kuba ndende cyane kuruta uburebure bwa kapilari (LOP » LC). Nkuko bigaragara ku ishusho ya 7 (b), ubuso bw'icyuma cya corrugated bushobora gutera gukwirakwira k'urumuri, bishobora kongera cyane inzira y'urumuri.
Kubwibyo, hari inzira ebyiri z'urumuri kuri MWC: urumuri rutaziguye rudatanga urumuri (LOP = LC) n'urumuri rwa sawtooth rufite urumuri rwinshi hagati y'inkuta zo ku ruhande (LOP » LC). Dukurikije itegeko rya Beer, ubukana bw'urumuri rudatanga urumuri rudatanga urumuri n'uruzunguruka bishobora kugaragazwa nka PS×exp(-α×LC) na PZ×exp(-α×LOP) uko bikurikirana, aho α idahinduka ari coefficient yo kwinjiza, ishingiye gusa ku gipimo cy'inyi.
Ku wino ifite ubunini bwinshi (urugero, ubunini bujyanye nabyo >1.28 × 10-5), urumuri rwa zigzag ruragabanuka cyane kandi ubukana bwarwo buri hasi cyane ugereranyije n'ubw'urumuri rugororotse, bitewe n'uburyo bwinshi bwo kwinjizamo ibintu hamwe n'inzira yarwo ndende cyane y'urumuri. Ku wino ifite ubunini bwinshi (urugero, ubunini bujyanye nabyo >1.28 × 10-5), urumuri rwa zigzag ruragabanuka cyane kandi ubukana bwarwo buri hasi cyane ugereranije n'ubw'urumuri rugororotse, bitewe n'uburyo bwinshi bwo kwinjizamo ibintu hamwe n'inzira yarwo ndende cyane y'urumuri. Для чернил с высокой крациций (например, относительная зира> 1,28 × 10-5) зигзагооб башный свет силно захает, а его ин интснность намного ниже, чем у прямого света, из-за баччог. длинного оптического излучения. Ku wino ifite ubunini bwinshi (urugero: ubunini >1.28×10-5), urumuri rwa zigzag ruragabanuka cyane kandi ubukana bwarwo buri hasi cyane ugereranije n'ubw'urumuri rutaziguye bitewe n'uburyo bwinshi bwo kwinjiza urumuri n'ingufu z'urumuri zitanga urumuri igihe kirekire.inzira.对于高浓度墨水（例如，相关浓度> 1.28 × 10-5 ）， Z 字形光衰减很大，其强度远低于直光，这是由于吸收系数大，光学时间更长。对于 高浓度 墨水 （例如 ， 浓度 浓度> 1.28 × 10-5） ， z 字形 衰减 很 大 ， 强度 是 直光 大 这 时间 更。。。 长 长 长 长 长 长 长 长 长Для чернил с высокой крациций (например, релевантные шрации> 1,28 × 10-5) зигзагооб башный свет значительно ослабляется, и его интвенсность намного няже, чем у прямого согч? boлее длительного оптического времени. Ku wino nyinshi (urugero, urugero nk'ibipimo bifatika >1.28 × 10-5), urumuri rwa zigzag ruragabanuka cyane kandi ubukana bwarwo buri hasi cyane ugereranije n'ubw'urumuri rutaziguye bitewe n'uburyo runini rwo kwinjiza urumuri n'igihe kirekire cy'urumuri.umuhanda muto.Bityo, urumuri rutaziguye rwiganje mu kugena ubushobozi bwo gufata urumuri (LOP = LC) kandi AEF yagumanye agaciro kayo kuri ~7.0. Mu buryo bunyuranye, iyo ingano y’ingufu igabanutse hamwe n’igabanuka ry’ubwinshi bw’iwino (urugero, uburemere bujyanye nabyo <1.28 × 10-5), ubukana bw’urumuri rwa zigzag bwiyongera vuba kurusha ubw’urumuri rugororotse hanyuma urumuri rwa zigzag rutangira kugira uruhare runini. Mu buryo bunyuranye, iyo ingano y’ingufu igabanutse hamwe n’igabanuka ry’ubwinshi bw’iwino (urugero, uburemere bujyanye nabyo <1.28 × 10-5), ubukana bw’urumuri rwa zigzag bwiyongera vuba kurusha ubw’urumuri rugororotse hanyuma urumuri rwa zigzag rutangira kugira uruhare runini. Напротив, когда коэфффентент поглощения уменьшается с уменьшением мракрации чернил (наприма, относительная матри <1,28 × 10-5), кининает играть зигзагооб Канный свет. Ibinyuranye n'ibyo, iyo igipimo cyo kwinjiza gigabanuka uko igipimo cya wino kigabanuka (urugero, igipimo kiri hagati ya <1.28 × 10-5), ubukana bw'urumuri rwa zigzag bwiyongera vuba kurusha urw'urumuri rutaziguye, hanyuma urumuri rwa zigzag rutangira gukora.uruhare runini kurushaho.相反，当吸收系数随着墨水浓度的降低而降低时（例如，相关浓度 <1.28 × 10-5 ）， Z 字形光的强度比直光增加得更快，然后 Z 字形光开始发挥作用一个更重要的角色。1. 28 当 吸收 系数 随着 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 然后 然后 然后 然后 更 HI 的角色。 I. зигзагооб Канный свет Кинаина играть более важную бар. Ku rundi ruhande, iyo igipimo cyo kwinjiza gigabanuka uko igipimo cya wino kigabanuka (urugero, igipimo gihuye < 1.28 × 10-5), ubukana bw'urumuri rwa zigzag bwiyongera vuba kurusha urumuri rutaziguye, hanyuma urumuri rwa zigzag rutangira kugira uruhare runini.umuntu ugaragara nk'umuntu uzwi.Kubera iyo mpamvu, bitewe n'inzira ya optique ya sawtooth (LOP » LC), AEF ishobora kongerwaho cyane kurusha 7.0. Ibiranga neza uburyo urumuri rwa MWC rutangwa bishobora kuboneka hakoreshejwe inyigisho y'uburyo bwa waveguide.
Uretse kunoza inzira y'urumuri, guhinduranya ingero vuba na byo bigira uruhare mu gutuma habaho imipaka yo gutahura ibintu igabanuka cyane. Bitewe n'ingano nto ya MCC (0.16 ml), igihe gikenewe cyo guhinduranya no guhinduranya ingero muri MCC gishobora kuba munsi y'amasegonda 20. Nk'uko bigaragara ku Ishusho ya 5, agaciro gato ka AMWC (2.5 × 10–4) kari munsi y'inshuro 4 ugereranyije n'iya Acuvette (1.0 × 10–3). Guhinduranya vuba ingero zinyura mu miyoboro y'amazi bigabanya ingaruka z'urusaku rw'urusaku (urugero: guhindagurika) ku buryo buboneye bw'itandukaniro ry'ingufu ugereranije n'ingufu zo kubika muri cuvette. Urugero, nk'uko bigaragara ku ishusho ya 3 (b)-(d), ΔV ishobora gutandukanywa byoroshye n'ikimenyetso cyo guhindagurika bitewe no guhinduranya ingero vuba mu miyoboro y'amazi mito.
Nkuko bigaragara mu mbonerahamwe ya 2, hateguwe ubwoko butandukanye bw'ibisubizo bya glucose ku bipimo bitandukanye hakoreshejwe DI H2O nk'umusemburo. Ingero zanduye cyangwa zitarimo ibara zakozwe hakoreshejwe kuvanga isukari cyangwa amazi yakuwemo iayoni hamwe n'ibisubizo bya glucose oxidase (GOD) na peroxidase (POD) 37 mu gipimo cya 3:1, uko bikurikirana. Ku ishusho ya 8 hagaragara amafoto y'ingero icyenda zanduye (S2-S10) zifite igipimo cya glucose kiri hagati ya 2.0 mM (ibumoso) na 5.12 nM (iburyo). Umutuku ugabanuka uko igipimo cya glucose kigabanuka.
Ibisubizo by'ibipimo by'ibipimo bya 4, 9, na 10 hakoreshejwe fotometeri ishingiye kuri MWC bigaragazwa ku ishusho ya 9 (a)- (c). Nk'uko bigaragara ku ishusho ya 9 (c), ΔV yapimwe iragabanuka kandi igenda yiyongera buhoro buhoro mu gihe cyo gupima uko ibara rya reagent ya GOD-POD ubwayo (ndetse nta glucose yongewemo) ihinduka buhoro buhoro mu rumuri. Bityo, ibipimo bya ΔV bikurikirana ntibishobora gusubirwamo ku bipimo bifite igipimo cya glucose kiri munsi ya 5.12 nM (icyitegererezo cya 10), kuko iyo ΔV ari nto bihagije, kudahinduka kwa reagent ya GOD-POD ntibishobora kwirengagizwa. Kubwibyo, umupaka wo kumenyekana kwa glucose ni 5.12 nM, nubwo agaciro ka ΔV gahuye (0.52 µV) karuta cyane agaciro k'urusaku (0.03 µV), bigaragaza ko ΔV ntoya irashobora kumenyekana. Iyi ntarengwa yo kumenyekana ishobora kunozwa kurushaho hakoreshejwe reagents za chromogenic zihamye kurushaho.
(a) Ibisubizo byo gupima icyitegererezo cya 4, (b) icyitegererezo cya 9, na (c) icyitegererezo cya 10 hakoreshejwe fotometero ikoresha MWC.
Uburyo AMWC ifatamo ibintu bushobora kubarwa hakoreshejwe agaciro ka Vcolor, Vblank na Vdark. Ku gikoresho gipima foto gifite inyungu ya 105 Vdark ni -0.068 μV. Ibipimo by'ibipimo byose bishobora gushyirwa mu bikoresho by'inyongera. Mu kugereranya, ingero za glucose nazo zapimwe hakoreshejwe spectrophotometer kandi uburyo Acuvette ifatamo ibintu bwapimwe bwageze ku rugero ntarengwa rwo kubitahura rwa 0.64 µM (icyitegererezo cya 7) nk'uko bigaragara ku Ishusho ya 10.
Isano iri hagati yo kwinjiza n'ubwinshi bw'ibice igaragazwa ku Ishusho ya 11. Hamwe na fotometeri ikoresha MWC, habayeho iterambere ryikubye inshuro 125 mu kugena aho ibice biherereye ugereranije na spectrophotometeri ikoresha cuvette. Iri terambere riri hasi ugereranije n'isuzuma ry'ibara ry'umutuku bitewe n'uko reagent ya GOD-POD idahagaze neza. Hagaragaye kandi ukwiyongera kudasanzwe mu kwinjiza ibice ku rugero ruto.
Igipimo cy’urumuri gishingiye kuri MWC cyakozwe kugira ngo gishobore gupima ingero z’amazi mu buryo bwihuse. Inzira y’urumuri ishobora kongerwa cyane, kandi ikaba ndende cyane kuruta uburebure bwa MWC, kuko urumuri rukwirakwijwe n’inkuta z’icyuma zikozwe mu cyuma gishobora kuba kiri mu muyoboro w’amazi hatitawe ku nguni y’urumuri. Ibipimo biri hasi nka 5.12 nM bishobora kugerwaho hakoreshejwe ibikoresho bisanzwe bya GOD-POD bitewe n’uburyo bushya bwo kongera urumuri butari umurongo hamwe no guhindura ingero vuba no kubona isukari. Iyi fotometero nto kandi ihendutse izakoreshwa cyane mu bumenyi bw’ubuzima no gukurikirana ibidukikije mu gusesengura ibimenyetso.
Nkuko bigaragara ku Ishusho ya 1, fotometero ishingiye kuri MWC igizwe na MWC ifite uburebure bwa cm 7 (umurambararo w'imbere ni mm 1.7, umurambararo w'inyuma ni mm 3.18, ubuso bw'imbere bwa EP bukozwe na electropolished, SUS316L stainless steel capillary), LED ifite ubunini bwa nm 505 (Thorlabs M505F1), na lenses (zifite umurambararo wa dogere 6.6), fotodeteri ipima ubwiza (Thorlabs PDB450C) n'uduhuza tubiri twa T two gutumanaho hakoreshejwe optique no kwinjira/gusohoka kw'amazi. T-connector ikorwa binyuze mu gufatanya icyuma cya quartz gisobanutse n'agasanduku ka PMMA aho MWC na Peek tubes (0.72 mm ID, 1.6 mm OD, Vici Valco Corp.) bishyirwamo neza kandi bigashyirwamo kole. Valve y'inzira eshatu ihujwe n'agasanduku ka Pike ikoreshwa mu guhindura icyitegererezo cyinjiye. Igikoresho gipima urumuri gishobora guhindura imbaraga za optique P cyakiriwe kikayihindura ikimenyetso cya voltage cya N×V (aho V/P = 1.0 V/W kuri 1550 nm, gain N ishobora guhindurwa n'intoki mu ntera iri hagati ya 103-107). Kugira ngo bibe bigufi, V ikoreshwa aho gukoresha N×V nk'ikimenyetso gisohora.
Mu kugereranya, icyuma gipima imiterere y’amazi (Agilent Technologies Cary 300 series hamwe na R928 High Efficiency Photomultiplier) gifite agace ka cuvette ka 1.0 cm nacyo cyakoreshejwe mu gupima uburyo amazi yinjira.
Ubuso bw'imbere bw'agace ka MWC bwasuzumwe hakoreshejwe agakoresho gapima ubuso gakoresha ikoranabuhanga (ZYGO New View 5022) gafite ubushobozi bwo gupima no kugabanya uburebure bwa 0.1 nm na 0.11 µm, uko bikurikirana.
Ibinyabutabire byose (urugero rw'isesengura, nta gusukura ukundi) byaguzwe muri Sichuan Chuangke Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Ibikoresho byo gupima glucose birimo glucose oxidase (GOD), peroxidase (POD), 4-aminoantipyrine na phenol, nibindi. Umuti wa chromogenic wateguwe hakoreshejwe uburyo busanzwe bwa GOD-POD 37.
Nkuko bigaragara mu mbonerahamwe ya 2, hateguwe ubwoko butandukanye bw'ibisubizo bya glucose ku bipimo bitandukanye hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gutandukanya ibintu mu buryo bukurikiranye (reba Ibikoresho by'inyongera ku bisobanuro birambuye). Tegura ingero zanduye cyangwa zidafite ibara uvanze isukari cyangwa amazi yakuwemo iayoni n'umuti wa chromogenic mu gipimo gihamye cya 3:1, uko bikurikirana. Ingero zose zabitswe kuri 37°C zirinzwe urumuri mu minota 10 mbere yo gupimwa. Mu buryo bwa GOD-POD, ingero zanduye zihinduka umutuku aho ubushobozi bwo gukurura bugera kuri 505 nm, kandi uburyo bwo gukurura bungana hafi n'uburyo isukari iba iri.
Nkuko bigaragara mu mbonerahamwe ya 1, urukurikirane rw'ibisubizo bya wino itukura (Ostrich Ink Co., Ltd., Tianjin, Ubushinwa) byateguwe hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gutandukanya ibintu hakoreshejwe DI H2O nk'umusemburo.
Uburyo bwo kuvuga iyi nkuru: Bai, M. et al. Igipimo cy'ifotometero gishingiye ku miyoboro y'amaraso ikoresha icyuma: kugira ngo hamenyekane ingano ya nanomolar ya glucose. siyansi. 5, 10476. doi: 10.1038/srep10476 (2015).
Dress, P. & Franke, H. Kongera uburyo bwo gusesengura amazi neza no kugenzura agaciro ka pH hakoreshejwe umurongo ngenderwaho w’amazi. Dress, P. & Franke, H. Kongera uburyo bwo gusesengura amazi neza no kugenzura agaciro ka pH hakoreshejwe umurongo ngenderwaho w’amazi.Dress, P. na Franke, H. Kunoza uburyo bwo gusesengura amazi neza no kugenzura pH hakoreshejwe umurongo ngenderwaho w’amazi. Imyambarire, P. & Franke, H. 使用液芯波导提高液体分析和 pH 值控制的准确性。 Imyambarire, P. & Franke, H. 使用液芯波导提高液体分析和 pHDress, P. na Franke, H. Kunoza uburyo bwo gusesengura amazi neza no kugenzura pH hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo kugenzura amazi.Hindura ujye kuri siyansi. meter. 68, 2167–2171 (1997).
Li, QP, Zhang, J. -Z., Millero, FJ & Hansell, DA Gusuzuma buri gihe amoniyamu nto mu mazi yo mu nyanja hakoreshejwe akaremangingo k'imiyoboro y'amazi gakoresha inzira ndende. Li, QP, Zhang, J.-Z., Millero, FJ & Hansell, DA Gusuzuma buri gihe amoniyamu ntoya mu mazi yo mu nyanja hakoreshejwe akaremangingo k'imiyoboro y'amazi gakoresha inzira ndende.Lee, KP, Zhang, J.-Z., Millero, FJ na Hansel, DA Gusuzuma buri gihe ingano nto ya ammonium mu mazi yo mu nyanja hakoreshejwe akaremangingo k'imiyoboro y'amazi gafite umurongo w'amazi. Li, QP, Zhang, J. -Z., Millero, FJ & Hansell, DA 用长程液体波导毛细管连续比色测定海水中的痕量铵。 Li, QP, Zhang, J.-Z., Millero, FJ & Hansell, DA.Lee, KP, Zhang, J.-Z., Millero, FJ na Hansel, DA Gusuzuma buri gihe ingano nto ya ammonium mu mazi yo mu nyanja hakoreshejwe imiyoboro y'amazi igenda ihinduka mu ntera ndende.Ubutabire muri Werurwe. 96, 73–85 (2005).
Isuzuma rya Páscoa, RNMJ, Tóth, IV & Rangel, AOSS ku ikoreshwa riherutse ry'uturemangingo tw'imiyoboro y'amazi mu buryo bwo gusesengura bushingiye ku muvuduko w'amazi kugira ngo hongerwe uburyo bwo gutahura spectroscopic. Isuzuma rya Páscoa, RNMJ, Tóth, IV & Rangel, AOSS ku ikoreshwa riherutse ry'uturemangingo tw'imiyoboro y'amazi mu buryo bwo gusesengura bushingiye ku muvuduko w'amazi kugira ngo hongerwe uburyo bwo gutahura spectroscopic.Pascoa, RNMJ, Toth, IV na Rangel, AOSS Isuzuma ry'ikoreshwa riherutse ry'uturemangingo tw'imiyoboro y'amazi mu buryo bwo gusesengura imikorere y'amazi mu rwego rwo kunoza uburyo bwo gutahura spectroscopic. Páscoa, RNMJ, Tóth, IV & Rangel, AOSS 回顾液体波导毛细管单元在基于流动的分析技术中的最新应用，以提高光谱检测方法的灵敏度。 Páscoa, rnmj, tóth, IV & rangel, aoss 回顾 液体 毛细管 单元 在 基于 的 分析 技术 的 最新 ， 灵敏度 灵敏度 灵敏度 灵敏度 灵敏度 灵敏度 灵敏度 灵敏度 灵敏度 灵敏度 灵敏度 灵敏度 灵敏度 灵敏度 灵敏度 灵敏度 灵敏度 灵敏度 灵敏度 灵敏度 灵敏度 灵敏度 灵敏度 灵敏度 灵敏度 灵敏度Pascoa, RNMJ, Toth, IV na Rangel, AOSS Isuzuma ry’ikoreshwa riherutse ry’uturemangingo tw’imiyoboro y’amaraso dukoresha umuraba w’amazi mu buryo bwo gusesengura bushingiye ku muvuduko w’amazi kugira ngo hongerwe uburyo bwo gutahura spectroscopic.Itegeko rya 739, 1-13 (2012).
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Ellis, PS, Gentle, BS, Grace, MR & McKelvie, ID Akanyabutabire gafite ubushobozi bwo gupima imiterere y'imbere mu buryo bunyuranye kugira ngo gasesengure imiterere y'amazi. Ellis, PS, Gentle, BS, Grace, MR & McKelvie, ID Akanyabutabire gafite ubushobozi bwo gupima imiterere y'imbere mu buryo bunyuranye kugira ngo gasesengure imiterere y'amazi.Ellis, PS, Gentle, BS, Grace, MR na McKelvey, ID. Akaremangingo k’isuzuma ry’imbere ry’ishusho ka Universal photometric kugira ngo gasesengure imikorere y’ishusho. Ellis, PS, Umugwaneza, BS, Grace, MR & McKelvie, ID 用于流量分析的多功能全内反射光度检测池。 Ellis, Umunyamabanga wa Leta, Umugwaneza, Umunyamabanga wa Leta, Grace, Bwana na McKelvie, IDEllis, PS, Gentle, BS, Grace, MR na McKelvey, ID Universal TIR photometric cell kugira ngo isesengura flow flow.Taranta 79, 830–835 (2009).
Ellis, PS, Lyddy-Meaney, AJ, Worsfold, PJ & McKelvie, ID Uturemangingo tw’amazi dukoresha fotometrike twinshi kugira ngo dukoreshwe mu gusesengura amazi yo mu migezi. Ellis, PS, Lyddy-Meaney, AJ, Worsfold, PJ & McKelvie, ID Uturemangingo tw’amazi dukoresha fotometrike twinshi kugira ngo dukoreshwe mu gusesengura amazi yo mu migezi.Ellis, PS, Liddy-Minnie, AJ, Worsfold, PJ na McKelvey, ID Akaremangingo k'amazi gapima urumuri rwinshi gakoreshwa mu gusesengura amazi yo mu migezi. Ellis, PS, Lyddy-Meaney, AJ, Worsfold, PJ & McKelvie, ID 多反射光度流动池，用于河口水域的流动注入分析。 Ellis, PS, Lyddy-Meaney, AJ, Worsfold, PJ na McKelvie, ID.Ellis, PS, Liddy-Minnie, AJ, Worsfold, PJ na McKelvey, ID Akaremangingo k'urumuri gapima urumuri rwinshi gakoreshwa mu gusesengura ikoreshwa ry'urumuri mu mazi y'inyanja.anus Chim. Acta 499, 81-89 (2003).
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Biedrzycki, S., Buric, MP, Falk, J. & Woodruff, SD Isohoka ry'inyuguti z'amajwi ya Raman, ifite icyuma, ifite umuyoboro w'amazi. Biedrzycki, S., Buric, MP, Falk, J. & Woodruff, SD Isohoka ry'inyuguti z'amajwi ya Raman, ifite icyuma, ifite umuyoboro w'amazi.Bedjitsky, S., Burich, MP, Falk, J. na Woodruff, SD Isohoka ry'inyuguti z'urukiramende rwa Raman rufite icyuma gikozwe mu buryo bwa Angular. Biedrzycki, S., Buric, Depite, Falk, J. & Woodruff, SD 空心金属内衬波导拉曼传感器的角输出。 Biedrzycki, S., Buric, Depite, Falk, J. & Woodruff, SD.Bedjitsky, S., Burich, MP, Falk, J. na Woodruff, SD Igikoresho cy'ingufu cya Raman gifite umurongo w'ingufu w'icyuma.gusaba guhitamo 51, 2023-2025 (2012).
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