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He whānuitia ngā whakamahinga o te tātaritanga tohu o ngā tauira wai i roto i ngā pūtaiao koiora me te aroturuki taiao. I roto i tēnei mahi, kua whakawhanakehia e mātou he mita whakaahua kiato, iti hoki te utu, e hangai ana ki ngā kapiti arai ngaru whakarewa (MCC) hei whakatau i te mimitinga tino tairongo. Ka taea te whakanui ake i te ara whatu, ā, he roa ake i te roa ā-tinana o te MWC, nā te mea ka taea te pupuri i te mārama e marara ana e ngā pakitara taha whakarewa maeneene kua kopikopiko i roto i te kapiti ahakoa te koki o te putanga mai. Ka taea te whakatutuki i ngā kukū iti iho i te 5.12 nM mā te whakamahi i ngā tauhohenga chromogenic noa nā te whakanui whatu kore-raina hou me te whakawhiti tauira tere me te kimi huka.
He whānui te whakamahinga o te ine whakaahua mō te tātari i ngā tauira wai nā te nui o ngā matū chromogenic me ngā taputapu optoelectronic semiconductor e wātea ana1,2,3,4,5. Ki te whakatauritea ki te whakatau mimiti e ahu mai ana i te cuvette tuku iho, ka whakaatahia e ngā capillaries wai-arataki (LWC) (TIR) ​​mā te pupuri i te mārama o te probe i roto i te capillary1,2,3,4,5. Heoi, ki te kore he whakapainga ake, ka tata noa te ara whatu ki te roa ā-tinana o te LWC3.6, ā, ki te whakanui ake i te roa LWC ki tua atu i te 1.0 m ka pāngia e te ngoikore o te mārama me te mōrearea nui o ngā mirumiru, me ētahi atu.3, 7. Mō te pūtau whakaata-maha kua whakaarohia mō ngā whakapainga ara whatu, ka whakapaitia noa te rohe kitenga mā te tauwehe o te 2.5-8.9.
E rua ngā momo matua o te LWC i tēnei wā, arā, ko ngā kāpūhau Teflon AF (he ~1.3 noa iho te taupū whakaata, he iti iho i te wai) me ngā kāpūhau silica kua pania ki te Teflon AF, ki ngā kiriata whakarewa rānei1,3,4. Hei whakatutuki i te TIR i te hononga i waenga i ngā rauemi dielectric, me whai rauemi he iti te taupū whakaata me ngā koki pānga mārama teitei3,6,10. Mō ngā kāpūhau Teflon AF, he mea manawa te Teflon AF nā tōna hanganga porous3,11 ā, ka taea te mimiti i ngā matū iti i roto i ngā tauira wai. Mō ngā kāpūhau quartz kua pania ki te Teflon AF, ki te whakarewa rānei i waho, he teitei ake te taupū whakaata o te quartz (1.45) i te nuinga o ngā tauira wai (hei tauira, 1.33 mō te wai)3,6,12,13. Mō ngā kāpūhau kua pania ki te kiriata whakarewa i roto, kua akohia ngā āhuatanga kawe14,15,16,17,18, engari he uaua te tukanga paninga, he taratara, he porous te mata o te kiriata whakarewa4,19.
Hei tāpiritanga, he ngoikoretanga anō ō ngā LWC arumoni (AF Teflon Coated Capillaries me AF Teflon Coated Silica Capillaries, World Precision Instruments, Inc.), pēnei i: ngā hapa. . Ka taea e te nui o te rōrahi mate o te hononga-T TIR3,10, (2) (hei hono i ngā capillaries, ngā muka, me ngā ngongo tomo/putanga) te hopu i ngā mirumiru hau10.
I taua wā anō, he mea nui te whakatau i ngā taumata hukahuka mō te tautuhi i te mate huka, te cirrhosis o te ate me te mate hinengaro20. me te maha o ngā tikanga kimi pēnei i te photometry (tae atu ki te spectrophotometry 21, 22, 23, 24, 25 me te colorimetry i runga i te pepa 26, 27, 28), te galvanometry 29, 30, 31, te fluorometry 32, 33, 34, 35, te optical polarimetry 36, te surface plasmon resonance. 37, te Fabry-Perot cavity 38, te electrochemistry 39 me te capillary electrophoresis 40,41 me ētahi atu. Heoi, ko te nuinga o ēnei tikanga e hiahia ana ki ngā taputapu utu nui, ā, he uaua tonu te kimi i te hukahuka i ētahi kukū nanomolar (hei tauira, mō ngā inenga photometric21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, te kukū iti rawa o te hukahuka). (ko te herenga he 30 nM anake i te wā i whakamahia ai ngā matūriki kikorangi Prussian hei tauira peroxidase). He maha ngā wā e hiahiatia ana ngā tātaritanga huka nanomolar mō ngā rangahau pūtau taumata-ngota pēnei i te aukati i te tipu o te mate pukupuku repeure tangata42 me te whanonga whakapiri CO2 o Prochlorococcus i roto i te moana.
I roto i tēnei tuhinga, i whakawhanakehia he mita whakaahua iti, iti te utu, i runga i te kāpene arataki ngaru whakarewa (MWC), he kāpene maitai kore waikura SUS316L me te mata o roto kua orohia hiko, mō te whakatau mimiti tino tairongo. Nā te mea ka taea te mau te mārama ki roto i ngā kāpene whakarewa ahakoa te koki o te putanga mai, ka taea te whakanui ake i te ara whatu mā te marara o te mārama ki runga i ngā mata whakarewa kopikopiko me ngā mata maeneene, ā, he roa ake i te roa ā-tinana o te MWC. Hei tāpiri, i hangaia he hononga-T māmā mō te hononga whatu me te putanga/urunga wai hei whakaiti i te rōrahi mate me te karo i te mau mirumiru. Mō te mita whakaahua MWC 7 cm, kua whakapaitia te rohe kitenga mā te 3000 ngā wā ki te whakataurite ki te mita irahiko arumoni me te cuvette 1 cm nā te whakarei ake hou o te ara whatu kore-raina me te whakawhiti tauira tere, ā, ka taea hoki te whakatutuki i te kukū kitenga huka. 5.12 nM anake mā te whakamahi i ngā tauhohenga chromogenic noa.
E ai ki te Pikitia 1, ko te mita whakaahua e hangai ana ki te MWC he MWC 7 cm te roa me te mata o roto kua oti te whakakanapa hiko te karaehe EP, he LED 505 nm me te arotahi, he taputapu whakaahua whakarei ka taea te whakarite, me ētahi e rua mō te hononga whatu me te whakaurunga wai. Putanga. Ka whakamahia he takirere ara-toru e hono ana ki te ngongo whakauru Pike hei whakawhiti i te tauira e haere mai ana. Ka piri pai te ngongo Peek ki te pereti kuata me te MWC, kia iti ai te rōrahi mate i roto i te hononga-T, kia kore ai e mau ngā mirumiru hau. Hei tāpiri, ka taea te whakauru ngāwari me te whai hua i te hihi kua whakakanapahia ki roto i te MWC mā te pereti kuata T-piece.
Ka whakaurua te tauira hihi me te tauira wai ki roto i te MCC mā te T-piece, ā, ka riro mai te hihi e tika ana mā te MCC mā te photodetector. Ko ngā otinga e tae mai ana o ngā tauira kua pania, kua kore rānei i roto i te ICC ka whakaurua ki roto i te ICC mā te takirere ara-toru. E ai ki te ture a Beer, ka taea te tatau i te kiato whatu o te tauira tae mai i te whārite. 1.10
ko Vcolor me Vblank ngā tohu putanga o te pūoko whakaahua ina whakaurua ngā tauira tae me ngā tauira kau ki roto i te MCC, ā, ko Vdark te tohu papamuri o te pūoko whakaahua ina whakawetohia te LED. Ka taea te ine i te huringa o te tohu putanga ΔV = Vcolor–Vblank mā te whakawhiti tauira. E ai ki te whārite. E ai ki te Pikitia 1, mēnā he iti ake te ΔV i te Vblank–Vdark, ina whakamahia he kaupapa whakawhiti tauira, he iti noa te pānga o ngā huringa iti ki te Vblank (hei tauira, te nekeneke) ki te uara AMWC.
Hei whakatairite i te mahi a te mita whakaahua e ahu mai ana i te MWC me te mita irahiko e ahu mai ana i te cuvette, i whakamahia he wairewa waituhi whero hei tauira tae nā te mea he tino pai te pumau o te tae me te pai o te raina mimiti-kukū, ko te DI H2O hei tauira kau. . E ai ki te Ripanga 1, i whakaritea he raupapa o ngā wairewa waituhi whero mā te tikanga whakamātotoru raupapa mā te whakamahi i te DI H2O hei whakarewa. Ko te kukū whanaunga o te tauira 1 (S1), he peita whero taketake kāore i whakamātotoruhia, i whakatauhia ko te 1.0. I runga i te pikitia. E whakaatu ana te Pikitia 2 i ngā whakaahua whatu o te 11 tauira waituhi whero (S4 ki S14) me ngā kukū whanaunga (kua whakarārangihia ki te Ripanga 1) mai i te 8.0 × 10–3 (maui) ki te 8.2 × 10–10 (matau).
Kei roto i ngā Pikitia 3(a) ngā hua ine mō te tauira 6. Ko ngā pūwāhi whakawhiti i waenga i ngā tauira tae me ngā tauira pātea kua tohua ki te pikitia mā te whakamahi i ngā pere takirua “↔”. Ka kitea te tere o te pikinga o te ngaohiko putanga ina whakawhiti mai i ngā tauira tae ki ngā tauira pātea, ā, ko te hurihanga anō hoki. Ka taea te tiki i te Vcolor, Vblank me te ΔV e rite ana e whakaaturia ana i te pikitia.
(a) Ngā hua ine mō te tauira 6, (b) tauira 9, (c) tauira 13, me te (d) tauira 14 mā te whakamahi i tētahi mita whakaahua e hangai ana ki te MWC.
Ko ngā hua ine mō ngā tauira 9, 13, me te 14 e whakaaturia ana i roto i ngā Pikitia 3(b)-(d). E ai ki te Pikitia 3(d), ko te ΔV i inehia he 5 nV anake, tata ki te 3 ngā wā o te uara haruru (2 nV). He uaua ki te wehewehe i te ΔV iti mai i te haruru. Nō reira, i tae te rohe o te kitenga ki te kukū whanaunga o te 8.2×10-10 (tauira 14). Mā te āwhina o ngā whārite. 1. Ka taea te tatau i te mimiti AMWC mai i ngā uara Vcolor, Vblank me Vdark i inehia. Mō te photodetector me te whakanui o te 104, ko te Vdark he -0.68 μV. Ko ngā hua ine mō ngā tauira katoa kua whakarāpopototia ki te Ripanga 1, ā, ka kitea i roto i te rauemi tāpiri. E ai ki te Ripanga 1, ko te mimiti i kitea i ngā kukū teitei ka kī tonu, nō reira kāore e taea te ine i te mimiti i runga ake i te 3.7 me ngā ine hiko e hangai ana ki te MWC.
Hei whakatairite, i inehia hoki tētahi tauira waituhi whero ki tētahi ine-ā-ira, ā, ko te mimiti o Acuvette i inehia kei te Pikitia 4. Ko ngā uara Acuvette i te 505 nm (e whakaaturia ana i te Ripanga 1) i whiwhihia mā te titiro ki ngā kōpiko o ngā tauira 10, 11, 12 rānei (e whakaaturia ana i te whakaurunga). ki te Pikitia 4) hei tūāpapa. E whakaaturia ana, i tae te rohe kitenga ki te kukū whanaunga o te 2.56 x 10-6 (tauira 9) nā te mea kāore i taea te wehewehe i ngā kōpiko mimiti o ngā tauira 10, 11 me te 12. Nō reira, i te whakamahinga o te ine-ā-ira e hangai ana ki te MWC, i whakapaitia te rohe kitenga mā te tauwehenga o te 3125 ki te whakataurite ki te ine-ā-ira e hangai ana ki te cuvette.
Kei te Whakaahua 5 te hononga o te mimiti me te kukū. Mō ngā inenga o te cuvette, he rite te mimiti ki te kukū waituhi i te roa o te ara 1 cm. Engari, mō ngā inenga e hangai ana ki te MWC, i kitea he pikinga kore-raina o te mimiti i ngā kukū iti. E ai ki te ture a Beer, he rite te mimiti ki te roa o te ara whatu, nō reira ko te AEF pikinga mimiti (e tautuhia ana ko AEF = AMWC/Acuvette i te kukū waituhi kotahi) ko te ōwehenga o te MWC ki te roa o te ara whatu o te cuvette. E ai ki te Whakaahua 5, i ngā kukū teitei, ko te AEF pumau kei te 7.0, he mea whaitake tēnei nā te mea ko te roa o te MWC he 7 ngā wā o te roa o te cuvette 1 cm. Heoi, i ngā kukū iti (kukū e pā ana <1.28 × 10-5), ka piki ake te AEF i te hekenga o te kukū, ā, ka eke ki te uara o te 803 i te kukū e pā ana o te 8.2 × 10-10 mā te whakawhānui i te kōpiko o te ine e hangai ana ki te cuvette. Heoi, i ngā kukū iti (kukū e pā ana <1.28 × 10-5), ka piki ake te AEF i te hekenga o te kukū, ā, ka eke ki te uara o te 803 i te kukū e pā ana o te 8.2 × 10-10 mā te whakawhānui i te kōpiko o te ine e hangai ana ki te cuvette. Однако при низких концентрациях (относительная концентрация <1,28 × 10–5) AEF увеличивается с уменьшением ткрация достигать значения 803 при относительной концентрации 8,2 × 10–10 при экстраполяции кривой измерения на основет . Heoi, i ngā kukū iti (kukū whanaunga <1.28 × 10–5), ka piki te AEF i te hekenga o te kukū, ā, ka eke ki te uara o te 803 i te kukū whanaunga o te 8.2 × 10–10 ina tangohia mai i tētahi kōpiko ine e hangai ana ki te cuvette.然而，在低浓度（相关浓度<1.28 × 10-5 ）下，AEF随着浓度的降低而增加，并且通过外推基于比色皿的测量曲线，在相关浓度为8.12 ×为8.时将达到803 的值。然而 ， 在 低 浓度 （相关 浓度 <1.28 × 10-5） ， ， AEF 随着 的 降低 而 ， 并且 通迎比色皿 测量 曲线 ， 在 浓度 为 8.2 × 10-10 时 达到 达到 达到 达到 达到803 。 Однако при низких концентрациях (релевантные концентрации < 1,28 × 10-5) АЭП увеличивается с уменьшениецитрацим экстраполяции кривой измерения на основе кюветы она достигает значения относительной концентрации 8,2 × 803 10. Heoi, i ngā kukū iti (ngā kukū e tika ana < 1.28 × 10-5) ka piki ake te AED i te hekenga o te kukū, ā, ina tangohia mai i tētahi pihi ine e hangai ana ki te cuvette, ka eke ki te uara kukū whanaunga o te 8.2 × 10–10803.Ko te hua o tēnei he ara whatu e rite ana ki te 803 cm (AEF × 1 cm), he roa ake i te roa ā-tinana o te MWC, ā, he roa ake anō i te LWC roa rawa atu e wātea ana i te mākete (500 cm mai i World Precision Instruments, Inc.). Ko te roa o Doko Engineering LLC he 200 cm). Kāore anō kia pūrongohia i mua tēnei pikinga kore-raina o te mimiti i roto i te LWC.
I te pikitia 6(a)-(c), whakaaturia he whakaahua whatu, he whakaahua karuārai, me te whakaahua kōtaha whatu o te mata o roto o te wāhanga MWC. E ai ki te pikitia 6(a), he maeneene, he kanapa te mata o roto, ka taea te whakaata i te mārama e kitea ana, ā, he tino whakaata. E ai ki te pikitia 6(b), nā te āhua rerekē me te tioata o te konganuku, ka puta ngā mēsa iti me ngā hapa i runga i te mata maeneene. I te mea he iti te horahanga (<5 μm×5 μm), he iti iho i te 1.2 nm te taratara o te nuinga o ngā mata (Pikitia 6(c)). I te tirohanga ki tētahi wāhi iti (<5 μm×5 μm), ko te taratara o te nuinga o ngā mata he iti iho i te 1.2 nm (Pikitia 6(c)). Ввиду малой площади (<5 мкм×5 мкм) шероховатость большей части поверхности составляет менее 1,2 нм (рис. 6(). Nā te iti o te horahanga (<5 µm×5 µm), he iti iho i te 1.2 nm te taratara o te nuinga o te mata (Pikitia 6(c)).考虑到小面积（<5 μm×5 μm），大多数表面的粗糙度小于1.2 nm（图6（c））。考虑到小面积（<5 μm×5 μm），大多数表面的粗糙度小于1.2 nm（图6（c））。 Учитывая небольшую площадь (<5 мкм × 5 мкм), шероховатость большинства поверхностей составляет менее (1,2 нм). Ina whakaarohia te iti o te horahanga (<5 µm × 5 µm), ko te taratara o te nuinga o ngā mata he iti iho i te 1.2 nm (Pikitia 6(c)).
(a) Whakaahua whatu, (b) whakaahua karuārai, me (c) whakaahua whatu o te mata o roto o te tapahi MWC.
E ai ki te pikitia 7(a), ko te ara whatu LOP i roto i te capillary ka whakatauhia e te koki o te taunga θ (LOP = LC/sinθ, ko te LC te roa ā-tinana o te capillary). Mō ngā capillary Teflon AF kua whakakiia ki te DI H2O, me nui ake te koki o te taunga i te koki whakahirahira o te 77.8°, nō reira he iti iho te LOP i te 1.02 × LC me te kore he whakapainga atu3.6. Engari, me te MWC, ko te herenga o te mārama i roto i te capillary kāore i te whakawhirinaki ki te taupū whakaata, ki te koki taunga rānei, nō reira i te hekenga o te koki taunga, ka roa ake te ara mārama i te roa o te capillary (LOP »LC). E ai ki te pikitia 7(b), ka taea e te mata whakarewa kōpiko te whakaoho i te marara o te mārama, ka taea te whakanui ake i te ara whatu.
Nō reira, e rua ngā ara mārama mō te MWC: te mārama tika kāore he whakaata (LOP = LC) me te mārama niho kani me ngā whakaata maha i waenga i ngā pakitara taha (LOP » LC). E ai ki te ture a Beer, ko te kaha o te mārama tika me te mārama zigzag kua tukuna ka taea te whakaatu ko PS×exp(-α×LC) me PZ×exp(-α×LOP) ia, ko te pūmau α te tauwehenga mimiti, e whakawhirinaki katoa ana ki te kukū o te waituhi.
Mō te waituhi kukū teitei (hei tauira, te kukū e pā ana >1.28 × 10-5), ka tino ngoikore te mārama-pikopiko, ā, he iti iho tōna kaha i tō te mārama-tika, nā te nui o te tauwehenga mimiti me tōna ara whatu roa ake. Mō te waituhi kukū teitei (hei tauira, te kukū e pā ana >1.28 × 10-5), ka tino ngoikore te mārama-pikopiko, ā, he iti iho tōna kaha i tō te mārama-tika, nā te nui o te tauwehenga mimiti me tōna ara whatu roa ake. Для чернил с высокой концентрацией (hei tauira, относительная концентрация >1,28 × 10-5) зигзагообразный слунтрация его интенсивность намного ниже, чем у прямого света, из-за большого коэффициента поглощения и гораздогти блинента излучения. Mō te waituhi kukū teitei (hei tauira, ko te kukū whanaunga >1.28×10-5), ka tino whakaitihia te mārama zigzag, ā, he iti iho tōna kaha i tō te mārama tika nā te nui o te tauwehenga mimiti me te roa o te tukunga whatu.ara对于高浓度墨水（例如，相关浓度>1.28×10-5），Z字形光衰减很大，其强度远低于直光，这是由于吸收系数大，光学时间更长。对于 高浓度 墨水 （例如 ， 浓度 浓度> 1.28 × 10-5） ， z 字形 衰减 很 大 ， 低度， 这 是 吸收 系数 大 光学 时间 更。。 长 长 长 长 长 长 长 长 长 长 长 长Для чернил с высокой концентрацией (hei tauira, релевантные концентрации >1,28×10-5) зигзагообразный светельзльбна и его интенсивность намного ниже, чем у прямого света из-за большого коэффициента поглощения и болоти глительство времени. Mō ngā waituhi kukū teitei (hei tauira, ngā kukū e tika ana >1.28×10-5), ka tino whakaitihia te mārama zigzag, ā, he iti iho tōna kaha i tō te mārama tika nā te nui o te tauwehenga mimiti me te roa o te wā whatu.te ara iti.Nō reira, ko te mārama tika te mea nui rawa atu mō te whakatau mimiti (LOP=LC) ā, i puritia te AEF kia rite tonu ki te ~7.0. He rerekē, ina heke te tauwehenga mimiti me te hekenga o te kukū waituhi (hei tauira, te kukū e pā ana <1.28 × 10-5), ka tere ake te piki o te kaha o te mārama-pikopiko i tō te mārama-tika, ā, ka tīmata te mārama-pikopiko ki te whai wāhi nui ake. He rerekē, ina heke te tauwehenga mimiti me te hekenga o te kukū waituhi (hei tauira, te kukū e pā ana <1.28 × 10-5), ka tere ake te piki o te kaha o te mārama-pikopiko i tō te mārama-tika, ā, ka tīmata te mārama-pikopiko ki te whai wāhi nui ake. Напротив, когда коэффициент поглощения уменьшается с уменьшением концентрации чернил (например, относитель2, относитель2 10-5), интенсивность зигзагообразного света увеличивается быстрее, чем у прямого света, и затем начинает игратоть света. Engari, ina heke te tauwehenga mimiti me te hekenga o te kukū waituhi (hei tauira, ko te kukū whanaunga <1.28×10-5), ka tere ake te piki o te kaha o te mārama zigzag i tō te mārama tika, kātahi ka tīmata te purei o te mārama zigzag.tūranga nui ake.相反，当吸收系数随着墨水浓度的降低而降低时（例如，相关浓度<1.28×10-5 ），Z字形光的强度比直光增加得更快，然后Z字形光开始发挥作用一个更重要的话。相反 ， 当 吸收 系数 随着 墨水 的 降低 而 降低 时 例如 例如 ， 关 浓度 浓度 × 10. ， 字形光 的 强度 比 增加 得 更 ， 然后 z 字形光 发挥 作用 一 个 重要 重要 重要更 更 更 更 更 HI的角色。 И наоборот, когда коэффициент поглощения уменьшается с уменьшением концентрации чернил (например, соответрацил < 1,28×10-5) более важную роль. I tetahi atu taha, ina heke te tauwehenga mimiti me te hekenga o te kukū waituhi (hei tauira, ko te kukū e rite ana < 1.28×10-5), ka tere ake te piki o te kaha o te mārama zigzag i te mārama tika, kātahi ka tīmata te mārama zigzag ki te whai wāhi nui ake.te kiripuaki tūranga.Nō reira, nā te ara whatu niho kani (LOP » LC), ka taea te whakanui ake i te AEF neke atu i te 7.0. Ka taea te whiwhi i ngā āhuatanga tuku mārama tika o te MWC mā te whakamahi i te ariā aratau arataki ngaru.
Haunga te whakapai ake i te ara whatu, ka whai wāhi hoki te whakawhiti tauira tere ki ngā rohe kitenga tino iti. Nā te iti o te rahinga o te MCC (0.16 ml), ko te wā e hiahiatia ana hei whakawhiti me te whakawhiti i ngā otinga i roto i te MCC ka iti iho i te 20 hēkona. E ai ki te Whakaahua 5, ko te uara iti rawa ka kitea o te AMWC (2.5 × 10–4) he 4 ngā wā iti iho i te uara o Acuvette (1.0 × 10–3). Mā te whakawhiti tere o te otinga e rere ana i roto i te capillary ka whakaiti i te pānga o te haruru pūnaha (hei tauira, te nekeneke) ki te tika o te rerekētanga mimiti ki te otinga pupuri i roto i te cuvette. Hei tauira, e ai ki te whakaahua 3(b)-(d), ka taea te wehewehe ngāwari i te ΔV mai i te tohu nekeneke nā te whakawhiti tauira tere i roto i te capillary iti te rahinga.
E ai ki te Ripanga 2, i whakaritea he whānuitanga o ngā otinga hukahuka i ngā kukū rerekē mā te whakamahi i te DI H2O hei whakarewa. I whakaritea ngā tauira kua pania, kua kore rānei he tae mā te whakaranu i te otinga hukahuka, te wai kua tangohia te ion me ngā otinga chromogenic o te hukahuka ōkiha (GOD) me te peroxidase (POD) 37 i roto i te ōwehenga rōrahi pumau o te 3:1. Kei te pikitia 8 e whakaatu ana i ngā whakaahua whatu o ngā tauira kua pania e iwa (S2-S10) me ngā kukū hukahuka mai i te 2.0 mM (maui) ki te 5.12 nM (matau). Ka heke te whero i te hekenga o te kukū hukahuka.
Ko ngā hua o ngā inenga o ngā tauira 4, 9, me te 10 me te mita whakaahua e hangai ana ki te MWC e whakaatuhia ana i roto i ngā Pikitia 9(a)-(c). E ai ki te pikitia 9(c), ka iti ake te pumau o te ΔV i inehia, ā, ka piki haere mārire i te wā e inehia ana i te mea ka huri mārire te tae o te matū GOD-POD (ahakoa kāore he huka e tāpirihia ana) i roto i te mārama. Nō reira, kāore e taea te whakahoki anō i ngā inenga ΔV whai muri mō ngā tauira he iti iho i te 5.12 nM te kukū huka (tauira 10), nā te mea ina iti te ΔV, kāore e taea te wareware i te kore pumau o te matū GOD-POD. Nō reira, ko te rohe kitenga mō te otinga huka he 5.12 nM, ahakoa he nui ake te uara ΔV e rite ana (0.52 µV) i te uara haruru (0.03 µV), e tohu ana ka taea tonu te kite i te ΔV iti. Ka taea te whakapai ake i tēnei rohe kitenga mā te whakamahi i ngā matū chromogenic pumau ake.
(a) Ngā hua ine mō te tauira 4, (b) te tauira 9, me te (c) te tauira 10 mā te whakamahi i tētahi mita whakaahua e hangai ana ki te MWC.
Ka taea te tatau i te mimiti AMWC mā te whakamahi i ngā uara Vcolor, Vblank me Vdark kua inehia. Mō tētahi taputapu whakaahua me te whakanui o te 105, ko te Vdark he -0.068 μV. Ka taea te whakatakoto i ngā inenga mō ngā tauira katoa i roto i te rauemi tāpiri. Hei whakatairite, i inehia hoki ngā tauira hukahuka ki tētahi inenga hiko, ā, i tae te mimiti kua inehia o Acuvette ki te rohe kitenga o te 0.64 µM (tauira 7) e whakaaturia ana i te Pikitia 10.
Kei te Pikitia 11 te whanaungatanga i waenga i te mimiti me te kukū. Mā te mita whakaahua e hangai ana ki te MWC, i tutuki he whakapainga 125-ngā wā i roto i te rohe kitenga ki te whakataurite ki te mita irahiko e hangai ana ki te cuvette. He iti ake tēnei whakapainga i te whakamātautau waituhi whero nā te ngoikore o te pumau o te matū GOD-POD. I kitea anō hoki he pikinga kore-raina o te mimiti i ngā kukū iti.
Kua whakawhanakehia te mita whakaahua e hangai ana ki te MWC hei kimi i ngā tauira wai tino tairongo. Ka taea te whakanui ake i te ara whatu, ā, ka roa ake i te roa ā-tinana o te MWC, nā te mea ka taea te pupuri i te mārama e marara ana e ngā pakitara taha maitai maeneene kua whakakorikorihia ki roto i te capillary ahakoa te koki o te putanga. Ka taea te whakatutuki i ngā kukū iti iho i te 5.12 nM mā te whakamahi i ngā tauhohenga GOD-POD tuku iho nā te whakanui whatu kore-raina hou me te whakawhiti tauira tere me te kimi huka. Ka whakamahia whānuitia tēnei mita whakaahua kiato, iti hoki te utu i roto i ngā pūtaiao koiora me te aroturuki taiao mō te tātari tohu.
E ai ki te Pikitia 1, ko te mita whakaahua e hangai ana ki te MWC he MWC 7 cm te roa (te whānui o roto 1.7 mm, te whānui o waho 3.18 mm, te mata o roto kua oti te whakakanapa hiko o te karaehe EP, te kapene maitai kore waikura SUS316L), he LED roangaru 505 nm (Thorlabs M505F1), me ngā karāhe (te horapa o te hihi tata ki te 6.6 nekehanga), te taputapu whakaahua pikinga taurangi (Thorlabs PDB450C) me ngā hononga-T e rua mō te whakawhitiwhiti whatu me te wai tomo/puta. Ka hangaia te hononga-T mā te here i tētahi pereti quartz mārama ki tētahi ngongo PMMA e whakaurua pūmautia ana ngā ngongo MWC me Peek (0.72 mm ID, 1.6 mm OD, Vici Valco Corp.) me te whakapiripiri. Ka whakamahia he takirere ara-toru e hono ana ki te ngongo whakauru Pike hei whakawhiti i te tauira e tomo mai ana. Ka taea e te pūoko whakaahua te huri i te mana whatu P kua riro mai hei tohu ngaohiko kua whakanuia N×V (ko V/P = 1.0 V/W i te 1550 nm, ka taea te whakarite ā-ringa i te whakanui N i te awhe o te 103-107). Hei whakapoto, ka whakamahia a V hei utu mō te N×V hei tohu putanga.
Hei whakataurite, i whakamahia hoki he inenga ā-pūoko (Agilent Technologies Cary 300 series me te R928 High Efficiency Photomultiplier) me te pūtau cuvette 1.0 cm hei ine i te mimiti o ngā tauira wai.
I tirohia te mata o roto o te tapahi MWC mā te whakamahi i tētahi taputapu tirotiro mata whatu (ZYGO New View 5022) me te taumira poutū me te taha o te 0.1 nm me te 0.11 µm.
I hokona ngā matū katoa (te taumata tātari, kāore he purenga anō) mai i Sichuan Chuangke Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Kei roto i ngā kete whakamātautau huka te huka oxidase (GOD), te peroxidase (POD), te 4-aminoantipyrine me te phenol, me ētahi atu. I whakaritea te otinga chromogenic mā te tikanga GOD-POD 37 noa.
E ai ki te Ripanga 2, i whakaritea he whānuitanga o ngā otinga huka i ngā kukū rerekē mā te whakamahi i te DI H2O hei waiwhakarewa mā te whakamahi i te tikanga waiwhakarewa raupapa (tirohia ngā Rauemi Tāpiri mō ētahi atu kōrero). Whakaritea ngā tauira kua pania, kua kore rānei he tae mā te whakaranu i te otinga huka, te wai whakakore iona rānei me te otinga chromogenic i roto i te ōwehenga rōrahi pumau o te 3:1. I rongoatia ngā tauira katoa ki te 37°C me te tiaki mai i te mārama mō te 10 meneti i mua i te ine. I roto i te tikanga GOD-POD, ka whero ngā tauira kua pania me te mōrahi mimiti i te 505 nm, ā, he tata rite te mimiti ki te kukū huka.
E ai ki te Ripanga 1, i whakaritea he raupapa o ngā otinga waituhi whero (Ostrich Ink Co., Ltd., Tianjin, Haina) mā te tikanga whakamātao raupapa mā te whakamahi i te DI H2O hei whakarewa.
Me pēhea te whakahua i tēnei tuhinga: Bai, M. et al. He mita whakaahua kiato i runga i ngā kapiti arai ngaru whakarewa: mō te whakatau i ngā kukū nanomolar o te hukahuka. te pūtaiao. 5, 10476. doi: 10.1038/srep10476 (2015).
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Dallas, T. & Dasgupta, PK Te māramatanga i te pito o te kauhanga: ngā tono tātaritanga hou o ngā arataki ngaru matua-wai. Dallas, T. & Dasgupta, PK Te māramatanga i te pito o te kauhanga: ngā tono tātaritanga hou o ngā arataki ngaru matua-wai.Dallas, T. me Dasgupta, PK Te mārama i te pito o te kauhanga: ngā tono tātaritanga hou o ngā arataki ngaru matua-wai. Dallas, T. & Dasgupta, PK Maama i te pito o te kauhanga：液芯波导的最新分析应用。 Dallas, T. & Dasgupta, PK Maama i te pito o te kauhanga：液芯波导的最新分析应用。Dallas, T. me Dasgupta, PK Te mārama i te pito o te kauhanga: te tono tātari hou o ngā arataki ngaru matua-wai.TrAC, tātaritanga ia au. Matū. 23, 385–392 (2004).
Ellis, PS, Gentle, BS, Grace, MR & McKelvie, ID He pūtau kimi whakaata ā-roto katoa e whai hua ana mō te tātari rere. Ellis, PS, Gentle, BS, Grace, MR & McKelvie, ID He pūtau kimi whakaata ā-roto katoa e whai hua ana mō te tātari rere.Ellis, PS, Gentle, BS, Grace, MR me McKelvey, ID Pūtau whakaata ā-roto katoa whakaahua whānui mō te tātari rere. Ellis, PS, Gentle, BS, Grace, MR & McKelvie, ID 用于流量分析的多功能全内反射光度检测池。 Ellis, PS, Gentle, BS, Grace, MR & McKelvie, IDEllis, PS, Gentle, BS, Grace, MR me McKelvey, ID Pūtau whakaahua TIR Universal mō te tātari rere.Taranta 79, 830–835 (2009).
Ellis, PS, Lyddy-Meaney, AJ, Worsfold, PJ & McKelvie, ID Pūtau rere whakaahua-maha whakaata hei whakamahi i roto i te tātaritanga weronga rere o ngā wai wahapū. Ellis, PS, Lyddy-Meaney, AJ, Worsfold, PJ & McKelvie, ID Pūtau rere whakaahua-maha whakaata hei whakamahi i roto i te tātaritanga weronga rere o ngā wai wahapū.Ellis, PS, Liddy-Minnie, AJ, Worsfold, PJ me McKelvey, ID He pūtau rere whakaahua maha-whakaata hei whakamahi i roto i te tātari rere o ngā wai wahapū. Ellis, PS, Lyddy-Meaney, AJ, Worsfold, PJ & McKelvie, ID 多反射光度流动池，用于河口水域的流动注入分析。 Ellis, PS, Lyddy-Meaney, AJ, Worsfold, PJ & McKelvie, ID.Ellis, PS, Liddy-Minnie, AJ, Worsfold, PJ me McKelvey, ID He pūtau rere whakaahua maha-whakaata mō te tātaritanga weronga rere i roto i ngā wai wahapū.nono Chim. Acta 499, 81-89 (2003).
Pan, J.-Z., Yao, B. & Fang, Q. He mita whakaahua-ā-ringa e ahu mai ana i te kitenga mimitinga arataki-ngaru matua-wai mō ngā tauira tauine-nanorita. Pan, J.-Z., Yao, B. & Fang, Q. He mita whakaahua-ā-ringa e ahu mai ana i te kitenga mimitinga arataki-ngaru matua-wai mō ngā tauira tauine nanorita.Pan, J.-Z., Yao, B. me Fang, K. He mita whakaahua-ā-ringa e hangai ana ki te kitenga mimiti ngaru wai-matua mō ngā tauira tauine nanorita. Pan, J. -Z., Yao, B. & Fang, Q. 基于液芯波导吸收检测的纳升级样品手持光度计。 Pan, J.-Z., Yao, B. & Fang, Q. Based on 液芯波波水水水油法的纳法手手手持光度计。Pan, J.-Z., Yao, B. me Fang, K. He mita whakaahua-ā-ringa me te tauira nano i runga i te kitenga o te mimiti i roto i te ngaru matua wai.Matū nono. 82, 3394–3398 (2010).
Zhang, J.-Z. Whakanuia te aro o te tātari rere werohanga mā te whakamahi i tētahi pūtau rere capillary me te ara whatu roa mō te kimi i ngā irahiko. nono. te pūtaiao. 22, 57–60 (2006).
D'Sa, EJ & Steward, RG Te tono arataki ngaru o te kāpia wai i roto i te tirotiro mimiti (Whakautu ki te kōrero a Byrne rāua ko Kaltenbacher). D'Sa, EJ & Steward, RG Te tono arataki ngaru o te kāpia wai i roto i te tirotiro mimiti (Whakautu ki te kōrero a Byrne rāua ko Kaltenbacher).D'Sa, EJ me Steward, RG Ngā tono o ngā arataki ngaru o te kāpia wai i roto i te tirotiro mimiti (Whakautu ki ngā kōrero a Byrne me Kaltenbacher). D'Sa, EJ & Steward, RG 液体毛细管波导在吸收光谱中的应用（回复Byrne 和Kaltenbacher 的评论）。 D'Sa, EJ & Steward, RG Te tono wai 毛绿波波对在absorption spectrum（回复Byrne和Kaltenbacher的评论）.D'Sa, EJ me Steward, RG Ngā arataki ngaru o te uaua wai mō te tirotiro mimiti (hei whakautu ki ngā kōrero a Byrne me Kaltenbacher).limonol. Kairangahau Moana. 46, 742–745 (2001).
Khijwania, SK & Gupta, BD Pūoko mimiti āpure muka whatu tere: Te pānga o ngā tawhā muka me te āhua o te ine. Khijwania, SK & Gupta, BD Pūoko mimiti āpure muka whatu tere: Te pānga o ngā tawhā muka me te āhua o te ine.Hijvania, SK me Gupta, BD Pūoko Ngongo Āhua Muka Whatu: Te Awe o ngā Tawhā Muka me te Āhua o te Pūtirotiro. Khijwania, SK & Gupta, BD 光纤倏逝场吸收传感器：光纤参数和探头几何形状的影响。 Khijwania, SK & Gupta, BDHijvania, SK and Gupta, BD Ngā pūoko muka whatu mimiti mara evanescent: te awe o ngā tawhā muka me te āhuahanga o te tirotiro.Ngā Whatu me ngā Hikohiko Kuantum 31, 625–636 (1999).
Biedrzycki, S., Buric, MP, Falk, J. & Woodruff, SD Putanga koki o ngā pūoko Raman arataki ngaru, he mea whakakikorua ki te konganuku. Biedrzycki, S., Buric, MP, Falk, J. & Woodruff, SD Putanga koki o ngā pūoko Raman arataki ngaru, he mea whakakikorua ki te konganuku.Bedjitsky, S., Burich, MP, Falk, J. me Woodruff, SD Putanga koki o ngā pūoko Raman arai-ngaru tuwhera me te arai whakarewa. Biedrzycki, S., Buric, MP, Falk, J. & Woodruff, SD 空心金属内衬波导拉曼传感器的角输出。 Biedrzycki, S., Buric, MP, Falk, J. & Woodruff, SD.Bedjitsky, S., Burich, MP, Falk, J. me Woodruff, SD Putanga koki o te pūoko Raman me te arataki ngaru konganuku tahanga.tono ki te whiriwhiri 51, 2023-2025 (2012).
Harrington, JA He tirohanga whānui mō ngā arataki ngaru tuwhera mō te tuku IR. whakaurunga muka. hei whiriwhiri. 19, 211–227 (2000).