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Kusanthula kwa zitsanzo zamadzimadzi kuli ndi ntchito zambiri mu sayansi ya moyo ndi kuwunika chilengedwe. Mu ntchito iyi, tapanga choyezera chaching'ono komanso chotsika mtengo chozikidwa pa ma capillaries achitsulo (MCCs) kuti tidziwe kuyamwa kwa madzi mosavuta. Njira yowunikira imatha kuwonjezeka kwambiri, komanso yayitali kuposa kutalika kwa MWC, chifukwa kuwala komwe kumafalikira ndi makoma osalala achitsulo kumatha kukhala mkati mwa capillary mosasamala kanthu za ngodya ya zochitikazo. Kuchuluka kwa madzi mpaka 5.12 nM kumatha kuchitika pogwiritsa ntchito ma reagents wamba a chromogenic chifukwa cha kukulitsa kwatsopano kwa kuwala kosakhala kolunjika komanso kusintha kwachangu kwa zitsanzo komanso kuzindikira shuga.
Photometry imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pofufuza zitsanzo zamadzimadzi chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa ma chromogenic reagents omwe alipo komanso zida zamagetsi za semiconductor 1,2,3,4,5. Poyerekeza ndi cuvette-based absorbance determination, liquid waveguide (LWC) capillaries reflect (TIR) ​​​​posunga kuwala kwa probe mkati mwa capillary 1,2,3,4,5. Komabe, popanda kusintha kwina, njira yowunikira ili pafupi ndi kutalika kwa LWC3.6, ndipo kuwonjezera kutalika kwa LWC kupitirira 1.0 m kudzavutika ndi kuchepa kwa kuwala kwamphamvu komanso chiopsezo chachikulu cha thovu, ndi zina zotero.3, 7. Ponena za selo lowunikira la multi-reflection lomwe laperekedwa kuti liwongolere njira yowunikira, malire ozindikira amangowonjezedwa ndi 2.5-8.9.
Pakadali pano pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya LWC, yomwe ndi Teflon AF capillaries (yomwe ili ndi refractive index ya ~1.3 yokha, yomwe ndi yotsika kuposa ya madzi) ndi silica capillaries yokutidwa ndi Teflon AF kapena zitsulo 1,3,4. Kuti tikwaniritse TIR pamalo olumikizirana pakati pa zinthu za dielectric, zinthu zomwe zili ndi refractive index yotsika komanso ma angles a kuwala kwakukulu zimafunika3,6,10. Ponena za Teflon AF capillaries, Teflon AF imatha kupuma chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake ka porous3,11 ndipo imatha kuyamwa zinthu zochepa m'madzi. Pa quartz capillaries yokutidwa kunja ndi Teflon AF kapena zitsulo, refractive index ya quartz (1.45) ndi yokwera kuposa zitsanzo zambiri zamadzimadzi (monga 1.33 yamadzi)3,6,12,13. Pa calcium capillaries yokutidwa ndi filimu yachitsulo mkati, katundu wonyamulira waphunziridwa14,15,16,17,18, koma njira yophikira ndi yovuta, pamwamba pa filimu yachitsulo pali kapangidwe kolimba komanso kopanda ma porous4,19.
Kuphatikiza apo, ma LWC amalonda (AF Teflon Coated Capillaries ndi AF Teflon Coated Silica Capillaries, World Precision Instruments, Inc.) ali ndi zovuta zina, monga: pa zolakwika. . Voliyumu yayikulu ya TIR3,10, (2) T-connector (yolumikizira ma capillaries, ulusi, ndi machubu olowera/otulutsira) imatha kugwira thovu la mpweya10.
Nthawi yomweyo, kudziwa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi n'kofunika kwambiri pozindikira matenda a shuga, matenda a chiwindi ndi matenda amisala20. ndi njira zambiri zodziwira matenda monga photometry (kuphatikiza spectrophotometry 21, 22, 23, 24, 25 ndi colorimetry papepala 26, 27, 28), galvanometry 29, 30, 31, fluorometry 32, 33, 34, 35, optical polarimetry 36, surface plasmon resonance. 37, Fabry-Perot cavity 38, electrochemistry 39 ndi capillary electrophoresis 40,41 ndi zina zotero. Komabe, njira zambirizi zimafuna zida zodula, ndipo kuzindikira shuga m'magazi pamlingo wosiyanasiyana wa nanomolar kumakhalabe kovuta (mwachitsanzo, pamiyeso ya photometric21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, kuchuluka kochepa kwambiri kwa shuga). malire ake anali 30 nM yokha pamene ma nanoparticles abuluu a Prussian adagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati ma peroxidase mimics). Kusanthula kwa shuga wa nanomolar nthawi zambiri kumafunika pa maphunziro a maselo monga kuletsa kukula kwa khansa ya prostate ya anthu42 ndi momwe CO2 imakhalira ya Prochlorococcus m'nyanja.
Munkhaniyi, choyezera kuwala chotsika mtengo komanso chogwiritsa ntchito chitsulo chowongolera mafunde (MWC), choyezera kuwala cha SUS316L chosapanga dzimbiri chokhala ndi pamwamba pa electropolished, chinapangidwa kuti chidziwitse kuyamwa kwamphamvu kwambiri. Popeza kuwala kumatha kukodwa mkati mwa mitsempha yachitsulo mosasamala kanthu za ngodya ya zochitika, njira yowunikira imatha kuwonjezeka kwambiri chifukwa cha kuwala komwe kumafalikira pamwamba pa zitsulo zosalala komanso zosalala, ndipo ndi yayitali kwambiri kuposa kutalika kwa MWC. Kuphatikiza apo, cholumikizira chosavuta cha T chinapangidwa kuti chigwirizane ndi kuwala ndi kulowa/kutuluka kwamadzimadzi kuti achepetse voliyumu yakufa ndikupewa kutsekeka kwa thovu. Pa choyezera kuwala cha 7 cm MWC, malire ozindikira amawonjezeka ndi nthawi pafupifupi 3000 poyerekeza ndi spectrophotometer yamalonda yokhala ndi cuvette ya 1 cm chifukwa cha kukulitsa kwatsopano kwa njira yowunikira yopanda mzere komanso kusintha kwachangu kwa zitsanzo, ndipo kuchuluka kwa shuga komwe kumawonedwa kumathanso kupezeka. 5.12 nM yokha pogwiritsa ntchito ma reagents wamba a chromogenic.
Monga momwe zasonyezedwera pa Chithunzi 1, chithunzi choyezera kuwala chochokera ku MWC chili ndi MWC yautali wa masentimita 7 yokhala ndi pamwamba pa electropolished yamkati ya EP, LED ya 505 nm yokhala ndi lenzi, chowunikira kuwala chosinthika, ndi ziwiri zolumikizira kuwala ndi zolowetsa madzi. Kutuluka. Valavu ya njira zitatu yolumikizidwa ku chubu cholowera cha Pike imagwiritsidwa ntchito kusintha chitsanzo chomwe chikubwera. Chubu cha Peek chimagwirizana bwino ndi mbale ya quartz ndi MWC, kotero voliyumu yakufa mu cholumikizira cha T imasungidwa pang'ono, zomwe zimathandiza kuti thovu la mpweya lisatsekedwe. Kuphatikiza apo, kuwala kwa collimated kumatha kulowetsedwa mosavuta komanso moyenera mu MWC kudzera mu mbale ya quartz ya T-piece.
Mtanda ndi chitsanzo chamadzimadzi zimalowetsedwa mu MCC kudzera mu T-piece, ndipo mtanda wodutsa mu MCC umalandiridwa ndi chowunikira. Mayankho obwera a zitsanzo zopaka utoto kapena zopanda kanthu adalowetsedwa mosinthana mu ICC kudzera mu valavu ya njira zitatu. Malinga ndi lamulo la Beer, kuchuluka kwa kuwala kwa chitsanzo chamitundu kumatha kuwerengedwa kuchokera ku equation. 1.10
kumene Vcolor ndi Vblank ndi zizindikiro zotulutsa za photodetector pamene zitsanzo zamitundu ndi zopanda kanthu zimalowetsedwa mu MCC, motsatana, ndipo Vdark ndi chizindikiro chakumbuyo cha photodetector pamene LED yazimitsidwa. Kusintha kwa chizindikiro chotulutsa ΔV = Vcolor–Vblank kumatha kuyezedwa posintha zitsanzo. Malinga ndi equation. Monga momwe zasonyezedwera pa Chithunzi 1, ngati ΔV ndi yaying'ono kwambiri kuposa Vblank–Vdark, pogwiritsa ntchito njira yosinthira zitsanzo, kusintha pang'ono mu Vblank (monga drift) sikungakhudze kwambiri mtengo wa AMWC.
Poyerekeza magwiridwe antchito a photometer yochokera ku MWC ndi spectrophotometer yochokera ku cuvette, yankho la inki yofiira linagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chitsanzo cha mtundu chifukwa cha kukhazikika kwake kwabwino kwa mitundu komanso kulumikizana bwino kwa concentration-absorbance, DI H2O ngati chitsanzo chopanda kanthu. . Monga momwe zasonyezedwera mu Table 1, mayankho angapo a inki yofiira adakonzedwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira yochepetsera serial pogwiritsa ntchito DI H2O ngati solvent. Kuchuluka kwa chitsanzo 1 (S1), utoto wofiira woyambirira wosasungunuka, kunapezeka ngati 1.0. Pa chithunzi. Chithunzi 2 chikuwonetsa zithunzi za maso za zitsanzo 11 za inki yofiira (S4 mpaka S14) zokhala ndi kuchuluka kofanana (kolembedwa mu Table 1) kuyambira 8.0 × 10–3 (kumanzere) mpaka 8.2 × 10–10 (kumanja).
Zotsatira za muyeso wa chitsanzo 6 zawonetsedwa mu Zithunzi 3(a). Mfundo zosinthira pakati pa zitsanzo zodetsedwa ndi zopanda kanthu zalembedwa pachithunzichi ndi mivi iwiri "↔". Zitha kuwoneka kuti mphamvu yotulutsa imawonjezeka mwachangu mukasintha kuchokera ku zitsanzo zamitundu kupita ku zitsanzo zopanda kanthu komanso mosemphanitsa. Vcolor, Vblank ndi ΔV yofanana ingapezeke monga momwe zasonyezedwera pachithunzichi.
(a) Zotsatira za muyeso wa chitsanzo 6, (b) chitsanzo 9, (c) chitsanzo 13, ndi (d) chitsanzo 14 pogwiritsa ntchito photometer yochokera ku MWC.
Zotsatira za muyeso wa zitsanzo 9, 13, ndi 14 zawonetsedwa mu Zithunzi 3(b)-(d), motsatana. Monga momwe zasonyezedwera mu Chithunzi 3(d), ΔV yoyesedwa ndi 5 nV yokha, yomwe ndi pafupifupi katatu kuposa phindu la phokoso (2 nV). ΔV yaying'ono ndi yovuta kusiyanitsa ndi phokoso. Chifukwa chake, malire ozindikira adafika pamlingo wa 8.2×10-10 (chitsanzo 14). Mothandizidwa ndi ma equation. 1. Kuchuluka kwa AMWC kumatha kuwerengedwa kuchokera ku ma Vcolor, Vblank ndi Vdark omwe adayesedwa. Kwa chowunikira cha photodetector chokhala ndi phindu la 104 Vdark ndi -0.68 μV. Zotsatira za muyeso wa zitsanzo zonse zafotokozedwa mwachidule mu Table 1 ndipo zitha kupezeka muzinthu zowonjezera. Monga momwe zasonyezedwera mu Table 1, kuchuluka kwa kuchulukira kwa kuchulukira kwa kukhuta, kotero kuchulukira kwa kupitirira 3.7 sikungayesedwe ndi ma spectrometers okhala ndi MWC.
Poyerekeza, chitsanzo cha inki yofiira chinayesedwanso ndi spectrophotometer ndipo kuyamwa kwa Acuvette komwe kunayesedwa kwawonetsedwa mu Chithunzi 4. Ma Acuvette a 505 nm (monga momwe akuwonetsera mu Table 1) adapezeka potengera ma curve a zitsanzo 10, 11, kapena 12 (monga momwe zasonyezedwera mu inset). ku Chithunzi 4) ngati maziko. Monga momwe zasonyezedwera, malire ozindikira adafika pa 2.56 x 10-6 (chitsanzo 9) chifukwa ma curve ozindikira a zitsanzo 10, 11 ndi 12 anali osiyana. Chifukwa chake, pogwiritsa ntchito photometer yochokera ku MWC, malire ozindikira adakwezedwa ndi factor ya 3125 poyerekeza ndi spectrophotometer yochokera ku cuvette.
Kuchuluka kwa kuyamwa kwa madzi kumadalira kukuwonetsedwa mu Chithunzi 5. Pakuyeza kwa cuvette, kuyamwa kwa madzi kumakhala kofanana ndi kuchuluka kwa inki pa kutalika kwa njira ya 1 cm. Pomwe, pakuyeza kochokera ku MWC, kuwonjezeka kosakhala kolunjika kwa kuyamwa kwa madzi kunawonedwa pa kuchuluka kochepa. Malinga ndi lamulo la Beer, kuyamwa kwa madzi kumakhala kofanana ndi kutalika kwa njira yowunikira, kotero kuyamwa kwa madzi AEF (komwe kumatanthauzidwa kuti AEF = AMWC/Acuvette pa kuchuluka komweko kwa inki) ndi chiŵerengero cha MWC ku kutalika kwa njira yowunikira ya cuvette. Monga momwe zasonyezedwera mu Chithunzi 5, pa kuchuluka kwakukulu, AEF yokhazikika ndi pafupifupi 7.0, zomwe ndizoyenera popeza kutalika kwa MWC ndi nthawi 7 kutalika kwa cuvette ya 1 cm. Komabe, pa kuchuluka kochepa (kuchuluka kogwirizana <1.28 × 10-5), AEF imawonjezeka ndi kuchepa kwa kuchuluka ndipo imafika pamtengo wa 803 pa kuchuluka kofanana kwa 8.2 × 10-10 mwa kuwerengera kuchuluka kwa muyeso wozikidwa pa cuvette. Komabe, pa kuchuluka kochepa (kuchuluka kogwirizana <1.28 × 10-5), AEF imawonjezeka ndi kuchepa kwa kuchuluka ndipo imafika pamtengo wa 803 pa kuchuluka kofanana kwa 8.2 × 10-10 mwa kuwerengera kuchuluka kwa muyeso wozikidwa pa cuvette. Однако при низких концентрациях (относительная концентрация <1,28 × 10–5) AEF увеличивается с уменьшением концентражизия 803 при относительной концентрации 8,2 × 10–10 при экстраполяции кривой измерения на основе кюветы. Komabe, pa kuchuluka kochepa (kuchuluka koyerekeza <1.28 × 10–5), AEF imawonjezeka ndi kuchepa kwa kuchuluka ndipo imatha kufika pa 803 pa kuchuluka koyerekeza kwa 8.2 × 10–10 ikachotsedwa kuchokera ku cuvette-based measurement curve.然而，在低浓度（相关浓度<1.28 × 10-5 ）下，AEF随着浓度的降低而增加，并且通过外推基于比色皿的测量曲线，在相关浓度时 10-10 18.2 × 30 × 8.2 ×的值.然而 , 在 低 浓度 （相关 浓度 <1.28 × 10-5） , , AEF 随着 的 降低 而 , 并万 多多比色皿 测量 曲线 , 在浓度 為 8.2 × 10-10 时 达到 达到 达到 达到803 值. Однако при низких концентрациях (релевантные концентрации < 1,28 × 10-5) АЭП увеличивается с уменьшением концентрации кривой измерения на основе кюветы она достигает значения относительной концентрации 8,2 × 10–10 803 . Komabe, pa kuchuluka kochepa (kuchuluka koyenera < 1.28 × 10-5) AED imawonjezeka ndi kuchepa kwa kuchuluka, ndipo ikachotsedwa kuchokera ku cuvette-based measurement curve, imafika pamlingo wofanana wa 8.2 × 10–10 803.Izi zimapangitsa kuti njira yowunikira yofanana ya 803 cm (AEF × 1 cm), yomwe ndi yayitali kwambiri kuposa kutalika kwa MWC, komanso yayitali kwambiri kuposa LWC yayitali kwambiri yomwe imapezeka pamsika (500 cm kuchokera ku World Precision Instruments, Inc.). Doko Engineering LLC ili ndi kutalika kwa 200 cm). Kuwonjezeka kumeneku kosagwirizana ndi mzere mu LWC sikunanenedwepo kale.
Pa chithunzi 6(a)-(c) onetsani chithunzi chowala, chithunzi cha maikulosikopu, ndi chithunzi cha optical profiler cha pamwamba pa gawo la MWC, motsatana. Monga momwe zasonyezedwera pa chithunzi 6(a), pamwamba pa mkati ndi posalala komanso kowala, kumatha kuwonetsa kuwala kowoneka bwino, ndipo kumawunikira kwambiri. Monga momwe zasonyezedwera pa chithunzi 6(b), chifukwa cha kufooka ndi mawonekedwe a kristalo a chitsulocho, ma mesa ang'onoang'ono ndi zolakwika zimawonekera pamwamba posalala. Poganizira malo ang'onoang'ono (<5 μm×5 μm), kukhwima kwa malo ambiri ndi kochepera 1.2 nm (Chithunzi 6(c)). Poganizira malo ang'onoang'ono (<5 μm×5 μm), kukhwima kwa malo ambiri ndi kochepera 1.2 nm (Chithunzi 6(c)). Ввиду малой площади (<5 мкм×5 мкм) шероховатость большей части поверхности составляет менее 1,2 нм (рис. 6(в)). Chifukwa cha malo ochepa (<5 µm×5 µm), kukhwima kwa malo ambiri ndi kochepera 1.2 nm (Chithunzi 6(c)).考虑到小面积（<5 μm×5 μm），大多数表面的粗糙度小于1.2 nm(图6（c）).考虑到小面积（<5 μm×5 μm），大多数表面的粗糙度小于1.2 nm(图6（c）). Учитывая небольшую площадь (<5 мкм × 5 мкм), шероховатость большинства поверхностей составляет менее 1,2 нм (рис. 6(в)). Poganizira malo ang'onoang'ono (<5 µm × 5 µm), kukhwima kwa malo ambiri ndi kochepera 1.2 nm (Chithunzi 6(c)).
(a) Chithunzi chowoneka bwino, (b) chithunzi cha maikulosikopu, ndi (c) chithunzi chowoneka bwino cha pamwamba pa MWC.
Monga momwe zasonyezedwera pa chithunzi 7(a), njira yowunikira ya LOP mu capillary imatsimikiziridwa ndi ngodya ya zochitika θ (LOP = LC/sinθ, pomwe LC ndiye kutalika kwa thupi kwa capillary). Pa ma capillaries a Teflon AF odzazidwa ndi DI H2O, ngodya ya zochitika iyenera kukhala yayikulu kuposa ngodya yofunikira ya 77.8°, kotero LOP ndi yochepera 1.02 × LC popanda kusintha kwina 3.6. Pomwe, ndi MWC, kutsekeka kwa kuwala mkati mwa capillary sikudalira index ya refractive kapena ngodya ya zochitika, kotero pamene ngodya ya zochitika ikuchepa, njira yowunikira ikhoza kukhala yayitali kwambiri kuposa kutalika kwa capillary (LOP » LC). Monga momwe zasonyezedwera pa chithunzi 7(b), pamwamba pa chitsulo chozungulira chingayambitse kufalikira kwa kuwala, komwe kungawonjezere kwambiri njira yowunikira.
Chifukwa chake, pali njira ziwiri zowunikira za MWC: kuwala kolunjika kopanda kuwunikira (LOP = LC) ndi kuwala kwa sawtooth komwe kumawunikira kambiri pakati pa makoma am'mbali (LOP » LC). Malinga ndi lamulo la Beer, mphamvu ya kuwala kolunjika kotumizidwa ndi kozungulira ikhoza kufotokozedwa ngati PS×exp(-α×LC) ndi PZ×exp(-α×LOP) motsatana, komwe α yokhazikika ndiye coefficient yoyamwa, yomwe imadalira kwathunthu kuchuluka kwa inki.
Pa inki yokhala ndi kuchuluka kwakukulu (monga kuchuluka kofanana >1.28 × 10-5), kuwala kwa zigzag kumakhala kochepa kwambiri ndipo mphamvu yake ndi yotsika kwambiri kuposa kuwala kolunjika, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa kuyamwa ndi njira yake yayitali kwambiri yowunikira. Pa inki yokhala ndi kuchuluka kwakukulu (monga kuchuluka kofanana >1.28 × 10-5), kuwala kwa zigzag kumakhala kochepa kwambiri ndipo mphamvu yake ndi yotsika kwambiri kuposa kuwala kowongoka, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa kuyamwa ndi njira yake yayitali kwambiri yowunikira. Для чернил с высокой концентрацией (например, относительная концентрация >1,28 × 10-5) зигзагообразный свет силььено затунся намного ниже, чем у прямого света, из-за большого коэффициента поглощения ndi гораздо более длинного оптического излучения. Pa inki yokhala ndi kuchuluka kwakukulu (monga kuchuluka koyerekeza >1.28×10-5), kuwala kwa zigzag kumachepa kwambiri ndipo mphamvu yake ndi yotsika kwambiri kuposa kuwala kwachindunji chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa kuyamwa ndi kutulutsa kwa kuwala kwakutali kwambiri.njanji.对于高浓度墨水（例如，相关浓度>1.28×10-5），Z字形光衰减很大，其强度远低于直光，這是由于吸收系数大，光学时间更长.对于 高浓度 墨水 （例如 , 浓度 浓度> 1.28 × 10-5） , z 字形, 這 是 吸收 系数 大 光学 时间 更。。 长 长 长 长 长 长 长 长Для чернил с высокой концентрацией (например, релевантные концентрации >1,28×10-5) намного ниже, чем у прямого света из-за большого коэффициента поглощения ndi более длительного оптического времени. Pa inki yokhala ndi kuchuluka kwakukulu (monga kuchuluka koyenera >1.28×10-5), kuwala kwa zigzag kumachepa kwambiri ndipo mphamvu yake ndi yotsika kwambiri kuposa kuwala kwachindunji chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa kuyamwa komanso nthawi yayitali yowunikira.msewu wawung'ono.Motero, kuwala kolunjika kunalamulira kutsimikiza kwa absorbance (LOP=LC) ndipo AEF inasungidwa yosasintha pa ~7.0. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, pamene mphamvu ya kuyamwa imachepa ndi kuchepa kwa inki (monga kuchuluka kofanana <1.28 × 10-5), mphamvu ya kuwala kozungulira imawonjezeka mofulumira kuposa kuwala kolunjika kenako kuwala kozungulira kumayamba kugwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, pamene mphamvu ya kuyamwa imachepa ndi kuchepa kwa inki (monga kuchuluka kofanana <1.28 × 10-5), mphamvu ya kuwala kozungulira imawonjezeka mofulumira kuposa kuwala kolunjika kenako kuwala kozungulira kumayamba kugwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri. Напротив, когда коэффициент относительная концентрациентся уменьшением концентрации чернил (например, относительная концентрация,2-85), × 35 ndi приямого света, и затем начинает играть зигзагообразный свет. M'malo mwake, pamene mphamvu ya kuyamwa imachepa ndi kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa inki (mwachitsanzo, kuchuluka kwa <1.28 × 10-5), mphamvu ya kuwala kwa zigzag imawonjezeka mofulumira kuposa kuwala kwachindunji, kenako kuwala kwa zigzag kumayamba kusewera.udindo wofunika kwambiri.相反，当吸收系数随着墨水浓度的降低而降低时（例如，相关浓度<1.28×10-5 ），Z字形光的强度比直光增加得更快，然后Z字形光开始发挥作用一个更重要的角色.相反 , 当 吸收 系数 随着 墨水 的 降低 而 降低 时 例如 例如 , 相关 浓度 1 × 1 × 1 × , 字形光 的强度 比 增加 得 更 , 然后 z 字形光 发挥 作用 一个 重要 重要 重要活 更 HI的角色. И наоборот, когда коэффициент оглощения уменьшается уменьшением концентрации чернил (например, соответствуюю концен1-1), <5× ZINTHU ZINTHU ZOFUNIKA KUZIGWIRITSA NTCHITO ZOTSATIRA ZAKE, чем прямого, ndi тогда зигзагообразный свет начинает играть быстрее, чем прямого, ndi тогда зигзагообразный свет начинает играть быстрее важную. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, pamene mphamvu ya kuyamwa imachepa ndi kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa inki (mwachitsanzo, kuchuluka kofanana < 1.28×10-5), mphamvu ya kuwala kozungulira imawonjezeka mofulumira kuposa kuwala kolunjika, kenako kuwala kozungulira kumayamba kugwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri.khalidwe lofunika.Chifukwa chake, chifukwa cha njira yowunikira ya sawtooth (LOP » LC), AEF ikhoza kuwonjezeredwa kwambiri kuposa 7.0. Makhalidwe olondola a MWC angapezeke pogwiritsa ntchito chiphunzitso cha waveguide mode.
Kuwonjezera pa kukonza njira yowunikira, kusintha kwa zitsanzo mwachangu kumathandizanso kuchepetsa kuzindikira kwamphamvu kwambiri. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kochepa kwa MCC (0.16 ml), nthawi yofunikira yosinthira ndikusintha mayankho mu MCC ikhoza kukhala yochepera masekondi 20. Monga momwe zasonyezedwera pa Chithunzi 5, mtengo wocheperako wopezeka wa AMWC (2.5 × 10–4) ndi wochepera nthawi 4 kuposa wa Acuvette (1.0 × 10–3). Kusintha mwachangu kwa yankho loyenda mu capillary kumachepetsa zotsatira za phokoso la dongosolo (monga kusuntha) pa kulondola kwa kusiyana kwa kuyamwa poyerekeza ndi yankho losungira mu cuvette. Mwachitsanzo, monga momwe zasonyezedwera pa chithunzi 3(b)-(d), ΔV imatha kusiyanitsidwa mosavuta ndi chizindikiro cha kusuntha chifukwa cha kusintha kwachangu kwa zitsanzo mu capillary yaying'ono.
Monga momwe zasonyezedwera mu Table 2, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya glucose solutions pamlingo wosiyanasiyana inakonzedwa pogwiritsa ntchito DI H2O ngati solvent. Zitsanzo zodetsedwa kapena zopanda kanthu zinakonzedwa mwa kusakaniza glucose solution kapena madzi osadetsedwa ndi chromogenic solutions ya glucose oxidase (GOD) ndi peroxidase (POD) 37 mu chiŵerengero chokhazikika cha 3:1, motsatana. Pa chithunzi 8 chikuwonetsa zithunzi za maso za zitsanzo zisanu ndi zinayi zodetsedwa (S2-S10) zokhala ndi glucose complexity kuyambira 2.0 mM (kumanzere) mpaka 5.12 nM (kumanja). Kufiira kumachepa pamene glucose complexity ikuchepa.
Zotsatira za kuyeza kwa zitsanzo 4, 9, ndi 10 pogwiritsa ntchito photometer yochokera ku MWC zawonetsedwa mu Zithunzi 9(a)-(c), motsatana. Monga momwe zasonyezedwera mu chithunzi 9(c), ΔV yoyesedwa imakhala yosakhazikika ndipo imawonjezeka pang'onopang'ono panthawi yoyezera pamene mtundu wa reagent wa GOD-POD (ngakhale popanda kuwonjezera shuga) umasintha pang'onopang'ono mu kuwala. Chifukwa chake, kuyeza kwa ΔV motsatizana sikungabwerezedwenso pa zitsanzo zomwe zili ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga kosakwana 5.12 nM (chitsanzo 10), chifukwa pamene ΔV ndi yaying'ono mokwanira, kusakhazikika kwa reagent wa GOD-POD sikunganyalanyazidwenso. Chifukwa chake, malire ozindikira yankho la shuga ndi 5.12 nM, ngakhale kuti ΔV yofanana (0.52 µV) ndi yayikulu kwambiri kuposa phindu la phokoso (0.03 µV), zomwe zikusonyeza kuti ΔV yaying'ono ikhoza kupezekabe. Malire ozindikira awa akhoza kuwongoleredwa kwambiri pogwiritsa ntchito ma reagent okhazikika a chromogenic.
(a) Zotsatira za muyeso wa chitsanzo 4, (b) chitsanzo 9, ndi (c) chitsanzo 10 pogwiritsa ntchito photometer yochokera ku MWC.
Kuchuluka kwa AMWC kungawerengedwe pogwiritsa ntchito ma Vcolor, Vblank ndi Vdark omwe ayesedwa. Pa chowunikira zithunzi chomwe chili ndi phindu la 105 Vdark ndi -0.068 μV. Muyeso wa zitsanzo zonse ukhoza kuyikidwa muzinthu zowonjezera. Poyerekeza, zitsanzo za shuga zinayesedwanso ndi spectrophotometer ndipo kuchuluka kwa Acuvette komwe kunayesedwa kunafika pamalire ozindikira a 0.64 µM (chitsanzo 7) monga momwe zasonyezedwera pa Chithunzi 10.
Ubale pakati pa kuyamwa ndi kukhudzika kwa thupi waperekedwa mu Chithunzi 11. Ndi photometer yochokera ku MWC, kusintha kwa nthawi 125 pakuzindikira kwapezeka poyerekeza ndi spectrophotometer yochokera ku cuvette. Kusinthaku kuli kotsika kuposa kuyesa kwa inki yofiira chifukwa cha kusakhazikika bwino kwa reagent ya GOD-POD. Kuwonjezeka kosalunjika kwa kuyamwa kwa thupi pa kukhudzika kochepa kwawonedwanso.
Choyezera kuwala chochokera ku MWC chapangidwa kuti chizindikirike bwino kwambiri ndi zitsanzo zamadzimadzi. Njira yowunikira imatha kuwonjezeka kwambiri, komanso yayitali kwambiri kuposa kutalika kwa MWC, chifukwa kuwala komwe kumafalikira ndi makoma osalala achitsulo kumatha kukhala mkati mwa capillary mosasamala kanthu za ngodya ya zochitikazo. Kuchuluka kwa madzi mpaka 5.12 nM kumatha kuchitika pogwiritsa ntchito ma reagents a GOD-POD chifukwa cha kukulitsa kwatsopano kwa kuwala kosakhala kolunjika komanso kusintha kwachangu kwa zitsanzo komanso kuzindikira shuga. Choyezera kuwala chocheperako komanso chotsika mtengo ichi chidzagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu sayansi ya moyo ndi kuwunika zachilengedwe kuti ziwunikenso bwino.
Monga momwe zasonyezedwera pa Chithunzi 1, chithunzi choyezera kuwala chochokera ku MWC chili ndi MWC yautali wa masentimita 7 (m'mimba mwake wamkati ndi 1.7 mm, m'mimba mwake wakunja ndi 3.18 mm, pamwamba pa EP class electropolished inner surface, SUS316L stainless steel capillary), LED ya 505 nm wavelength (Thorlabs M505F1), ndi ma lens (beam spread about 6.6 degrees), variable gain photodetector (Thorlabs PDB450C) ndi ma T-connectors awiri olumikizirana ndi kuwala komanso kulowa/kutuluka kwa madzi. T-connector imapangidwa polumikiza mbale ya quartz yowonekera ku chubu cha PMMA momwe machubu a MWC ndi Peek (0.72 mm ID, 1.6 mm OD, Vici Valco Corp.) amalowetsedwa mwamphamvu ndikumatidwa. Valavu ya njira zitatu yolumikizidwa ku chubu cholowera cha Pike imagwiritsidwa ntchito kusintha chitsanzo chomwe chikubwera. Chowunikira kuwala (photodetector) chingasinthe mphamvu ya kuwala yolandiridwa P kukhala chizindikiro cha mphamvu yamagetsi chokwezedwa N×V (komwe V/P = 1.0 V/W pa 1550 nm, gain N ikhoza kusinthidwa pamanja pakati pa 103-107). Kuti chifupikitse, V imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo mwa N×V ngati chizindikiro chotulutsa.
Poyerekeza, chipangizo choyezera kuwala (Agilent Technologies Cary 300 series with R928 High Efficiency Photomultiplier) chokhala ndi khungu la cuvette la 1.0 cm chinagwiritsidwanso ntchito poyesa kuyamwa kwa zitsanzo zamadzimadzi.
Pamwamba pa MWC cut panawunikidwa pogwiritsa ntchito optical surface profiler (ZYGO New View 5022) yokhala ndi resolution yoyima ndi yolunjika ya 0.1 nm ndi 0.11 µm, motsatana.
Mankhwala onse (omwe ndi kalasi yowunikira, osayeretsa kwina) adagulidwa ku Sichuan Chuangke Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Zida zoyesera shuga zimaphatikizapo glucose oxidase (GOD), peroxidase (POD), 4-aminoantipyrine ndi phenol, ndi zina zotero. Yankho la chromogenic linakonzedwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira yachizolowezi ya GOD-POD 37.
Monga momwe zasonyezedwera mu Table 2, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya glucose solutions pamlingo wosiyanasiyana idakonzedwa pogwiritsa ntchito DI H2O ngati diluent pogwiritsa ntchito njira yochepetsera serial (onani Zowonjezera kuti mudziwe zambiri). Konzani zitsanzo zokhala ndi utoto kapena zopanda kanthu mwa kusakaniza glucose solution kapena madzi oyeretsedwa ndi chromogenic solution mu chiŵerengero chokhazikika cha 3:1, motsatana. Zitsanzo zonse zidasungidwa pa 37°C zotetezedwa ku kuwala kwa mphindi 10 musanayambe kuyeza. Mu njira ya GOD-POD, zitsanzo zokhala ndi utoto zimakhala zofiira ndi mayamwidwe apamwamba pa 505 nm, ndipo kuyamwa kumakhala kofanana ndi kuchuluka kwa glucose.
Monga momwe zasonyezedwera mu Table 1, mayankho angapo a inki yofiira (Nthiwatiwa Ink Co., Ltd., Tianjin, China) adakonzedwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira yochepetsera serial pogwiritsa ntchito DI H2O ngati solvent.
Momwe mungatchulire nkhaniyi: Bai, M. et al. Choyezera chopangidwa ndi mafunde achitsulo chopangidwa ndi ma capillaries: kuti mudziwe kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. sayansi. 5, 10476. doi: 10.1038/srep10476 (2015).
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