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Kuongororwa kwesampuli dzemvura kunosanganisira mashandisirwo akasiyana-siyana muzvidzidzo zvehupenyu uye kutarisa zvakatipoteredza. Mubasa iri, takagadzira photometer diki uye isingadhuri yakavakirwa pametal waveguide capillaries (MCCs) yekuona kunyudzwa kwemvura zvakanyanya. Nzira ye optical inogona kuwedzerwa zvakanyanya, uye yakareba kupfuura kureba kweMWC, nekuti chiedza chakapararira ne corrugated smooth metal sidewalls chinogona kuiswa mukati me capillary zvisinei ne angle ye incidence. Kuwanda kwemvura kwakaderera se 5.12 nM kunogona kuwanikwa uchishandisa common chromogenic reagents nekuda kwe non-linear optical amplification itsva uye fast sample switching uye glucose detection.
Photometry inoshandiswa zvakanyanya pakuongorora masampuli emvura nekuda kwekuwanda kwema chromogenic reagents aripo uye semiconductor optoelectronic devices1,2,3,4,5. Zvichienzaniswa ne cuvette-based absorbance determination yechinyakare, liquid waveguide (LWC) capillaries reflect (TIR) ​​​​nekuchengetedza chiedza che probe mukati me capillary1,2,3,4,5. Zvisinei, pasina kuwedzera kumwe kuvandudzwa, nzira ye optical iri pedyo nehurefu hweLWC3.6, uye kuwedzera hurefu hweLWC kupfuura 1.0 m kuchatambura nekuderera kwechiedza kwakasimba uye njodzi huru yemabubbles, nezvimwewo.3, 7. Nezve multi-reflection cell inokurudzirwa yekuvandudza nzira ye optical, muganho wekuona unongovandudzwa ne 2.5-8.9.
Pari zvino kune mhando mbiri huru dzeLWC, dzinoti Teflon AF capillaries (ine refractive index ye ~1.3 chete, iyo iri pasi pemvura) uye silica capillaries dzakaputirwa neTeflon AF kana metal films1,3,4. Kuti uwane TIR pakati pezvinhu zve dielectric, zvinhu zvine refractive index yakaderera uye high light incidence angles zvinodiwa3,6,10. Nezve Teflon AF capillaries, Teflon AF inofema nekuda kwechimiro chayo chine porous3,11 uye inogona kunwisa zvinhu zvidiki musampuli dzemvura. Kune quartz capillaries dzakaputirwa kunze neTeflon AF kana metal, refractive index ye quartz (1.45) yakakwira kupfuura akawanda emvura samples (semuenzaniso 1.33 yemvura)3,6,12,13. Kune capillaries dzakaputirwa ne metal film mukati, mafambiro ekutakura akadzidzwa14,15,16,17,18, asi maitiro ekuputira akaoma, pamusoro pe metal film ine rough uye porous structure4,19.
Pamusoro pezvo, maLWC ekutengesa (AF Teflon Coated Capillaries neAF Teflon Coated Silica Capillaries, World Precision Instruments, Inc.) ane zvimwe zvakaipa, zvakaita se: kune zvikanganiso. . Huwandu hwakakura hwe TIR3,10, (2) T-connector (yekubatanidza capillaries, fibers, uye machubhu ekupinda/ekubuda) anogona kubata mabubble emhepo10.
Panguva imwe chete, kuongororwa kwemazinga eglucose kwakakosha zvikuru pakuongorora chirwere cheshuga, cirrhosis yechiropa nechirwere chepfungwa20. uye nzira dzakawanda dzekuongorora dzakadai sephotometry (kusanganisira spectrophotometry 21, 22, 23, 24, 25 uye colorimetry papepa 26, 27, 28), galvanometry 29, 30, 31, fluorometry 32, 33, 34, 35, optical polarimetry 36, surface plasmon resonance. 37, Fabry-Perot cavity 38, electrochemistry 39 uye capillary electrophoresis 40,41 zvichingodaro. Zvisinei, nzira zhinji idzi dzinoda michina inodhura, uye kuonekwa kweglucose pahuwandu hwakati wandei hwenanomolar kuchiri dambudziko (semuenzaniso, pakuyera kwephotometric21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, huwandu hwakaderera hweglucose). muganho wacho waive 30 nM chete apo Prussian blue nanoparticles yakashandiswa se peroxidase mimics). Kuongororwa kweglucose yeNanomolar kunowanzo dikanwa pakuongorora kwemasero emasero akadai sekudzivisa kukura kwekenza yeprostate yemunhu42 uye maitiro eCO2 fixation eProchlorococcus mugungwa.
Muchinyorwa chino, photometer diki, isingadhuri yakavakirwa pa metal waveguide capillary (MWC), SUS316L stainless steel capillary ine electropolished inner surface, yakagadzirwa kuti ione kuti chiedza chinonyungudika zvakanyanya. Sezvo chiedza chichigona kuvharirwa mukati me capillaries dzesimbi pasinei ne angle ye incidence, nzira ye optical inogona kuwedzerwa zvakanyanya nekupararira kwechiedza pamusoro pe corrugated uye smooth metal surfaces, uye yakareba kupfuura urefu hwe MWC. Pamusoro pezvo, T-connector yakapusa yakagadzirwa ye optical connection uye fluid inlet/outlet kuderedza dead volume uye kudzivirira bubble entraption. Kune 7 cm MWC photometer, muganho wekuona unovandudzwa kanenge ka3000 zvichienzaniswa ne commercial spectrophotometer ine 1 cm cuvette nekuda kwekuvandudzwa kutsva kwe non-linear optical path uye fast sample switching, uye glucose detection concentration inogonawo kuwanikwa. 5.12 nM chete uchishandisa common chromogenic reagents.
Sezvakaratidzwa paMufananidzo 1, photometer yakavakirwa paMWC ine MWC yakareba 7 cm ine EP grade electropolished inner surface, 505 nm LED ine lenzi, adjustable gain photodetector, uye maviri e optical coupling uye liquid input. Exit. Vharuvhu ine nzira nhatu yakabatana nePike inlet tube inoshandiswa kushandura sample inouya. Peek tube inonyatsoenderana ne quartz plate ne MWC, saka dead volume iri muT-connector inochengetwa iri shoma, zvichidzivirira mabubble emhepo kuti asabatirwe. Pamusoro pezvo, collimated beam inogona kuiswa nyore nyore uye zvinobudirira muMWC kuburikidza neT-piece quartz plate.
Beam nemuenzaniso wemvura zvinopinzwa muMCC kuburikidza neT-piece, uye beam inopfuura nepakati peMCC inogashirwa ne photodetector. Mhinduro dzinopinda dzemasampuli ane mavara kana asina chinhu dzakapinzwa muICC kuburikidza ne three-way valve. Zvinoenderana nemutemo waBeer, optical density yemuenzaniso une mavara inogona kuverengerwa kubva mu equation. 1.10
apo Vcolor naVblank zviratidzo zvinobuda zvephotodetector kana mavara nemavara asina chinhu zvaiswa muMCC, zvichiteerana, uye Vdark chiratidzo chekumashure chephotodetector kana LED yadzimwa. Kuchinja kwechiratidzo chekubuda ΔV = Vcolor–Vblank kunogona kuyerwa nekuchinjana masampuli. Zvichienderana ne equation. Sezvakaratidzwa muMufananidzo 1, kana ΔV iri diki zvikuru pane Vblank–Vdark, pakushandisa sampling switching scheme, shanduko diki muVblank (semuenzaniso drift) dzinogona kunge dzisina simba paAMWC value.
Kuti tienzanise mashandiro ephotometer yakavakirwa paMWC nespectrophotometer yakavakirwa pacuvette, mhinduro yeinki tsvuku yakashandiswa semuenzaniso weruvara nekuda kwekugadzikana kwayo kwakanaka kwemavara uye kugadzikana kwakanaka kwekuisa zvinhu muchimiro chemuviri, DI H2O semuenzaniso usina chinhu. . Sezvakaratidzwa muTafura 1, mhinduro dzeinki tsvuku dzakatevedzana dzakagadzirwa nenzira yekusanganisa serial uchishandisa DI H2O se solvent. Kuwanda kwemuenzaniso 1 (S1), pendi tsvuku yekutanga isina kusanganiswa, kwakaongororwa se1.0. Pamufananidzo. Mufananidzo 2 unoratidza mifananidzo yemaziso yesampuli gumi neimwe yeinki tsvuku (S4 kusvika S14) ine kuwanda kwakabatana (zvakanyorwa muTafura 1) kubva pa8.0 × 10–3 (kuruboshwe) kusvika 8.2 × 10–10 (kurudyi).
Mhedzisiro yekuyerwa kwemuenzaniso 6 inoratidzwa muMifananidzo 3(a). Mapoinzi ekuchinjana pakati pemienzaniso ine mavara neisina mavara akanyorwa mumufananidzo nemiseve miviri "↔". Zvinogona kuonekwa kuti voltage inobuda inowedzera nekukurumidza kana uchichinja kubva kumienzaniso yemavara kuenda kumienzaniso isina mavara uye zvinopesana. Vcolor, Vblank uye ΔV inoenderana inogona kuwanikwa sezvakaratidzwa mumufananidzo.
(a) Mhedzisiro yekuyerwa kwemuenzaniso 6, (b) muenzaniso 9, (c) muenzaniso 13, uye (d) muenzaniso 14 uchishandisa photometer yakavakirwa paMWC.
Mhedzisiro yekuyerwa kwemasamples 9, 13, uye 14 inoratidzwa muMifananidzo 3(b)-(d), zvichiteerana. Sezvakaratidzwa muMufananidzo 3(d), ΔV yakayerwa i5 nV chete, inova inopetwa katatu kupfuura kukosha kweruzha (2 nV). ΔV diki inonetsa kusiyanisa neruzha. Saka, muganho wekuona wakasvika pakuwanda kwe8.2×10-10 (muenzaniso 14). Nerubatsiro rwema equation. 1. AMWC absorbance inogona kuverengerwa kubva pahuwandu hweVcolor, Vblank uye Vdark hwakayerwa. Kune photodetector ine gain ye104 Vdark i -0.68 μV. Mhedzisiro yekuyerwa kwemasamples ese yakapfupikiswa muTafura 1 uye inogona kuwanikwa mune supplementary material. Sezvakaratidzwa muTafura 1, absorbance inowanikwa pamazinga akakwira akaguta, saka absorbance iri pamusoro pe3.7 haigone kuyerwa neMWC-based spectrometers.
Kuti tienzanise, sampuro yeinki tsvuku yakayerwawo ne spectrophotometer uye kunyudzwa kweAcuvette kwakayerwa kunoratidzwa muMufananidzo 4. Acuvette values ​​​​pa 505 nm (sezvinoratidzwa muTafura 1) yakawanikwa nekutarisa ma curves e samples 10, 11, kana 12 (sezvinoratidzwa mu inset). kuMufananidzo 4) se baseline. Sezvakaratidzwa, muganho wekuona wakasvika pa relative concentration ye 2.56 x 10-6 (sample 9) nekuti ma curves e absorption e samples 10, 11 na 12 aisagona kusiyaniswa. Saka, pakushandisa MWC-based photometer, muganho wekuona wakavandudzwa ne factor ye 3125 zvichienzaniswa ne cuvette-based spectrophotometer.
Kudzika-kudzika kwechinhu kunoratidzwa muMufananidzo 5. Pakuyera kwecuvette, kudzika kunoenderana nekuwanda kweinki pakureba kwenzira ye1 cm. Nepo, pakuyera kwakavakirwa paMWC, kuwedzera kusingachinjiki kwekudzika kwakaonekwa pakureba kwenzira ye optical, saka kuwedzera kwekudzika kwechinhu kunoenderana nekureba kwenzira ye optical, saka kuwedzera kwekudzika kwechinhu AEF (inotsanangurwa seAEF = AMWC/Acuvette pakureba kweinki imwechete) ndiyo chiyero cheMWC nehurefu hwenzira ye optical yecuvette. Sezvakaratidzwa muMufananidzo 5, pakureba kwepamusoro, AEF isingachinji iri pa7.0, izvo zvine musoro sezvo kureba kweMWC kuri kanomwe chete kureba kwecuvette ye1 cm. Zvisinei, kana huwandu hwakaderera (huwandu hwakabatana <1.28 × 10-5 ), AEF inowedzera kana huwandu hwakaderera uye inosvika pa803 kana huwandu hwakabatana hwe8.2 × 10-10 nekuwedzera curve yekuyerwa kwakavakirwa pa cuvette. Zvisinei, kana huwandu hwakaderera (huwandu hwakabatana <1.28 × 10-5 ), AEF inowedzera kana huwandu hwakaderera uye inosvika pa803 kana huwandu hwakabatana hwe8.2 × 10-10 nekuwedzera curve yekuyerwa kwakavakirwa pa cuvette. Однако при низких концентрациях (относительная концентрация <1,28 × 10–5) AEF увеличивается с уменьшением концентразентрация 803 при относительной концентрации 8,2 × 10–10 при экстраполяции кривой измерения на основе кюветы. Zvisinei, kana huwandu hwacho hwakaderera (huwandu hwepakati <1.28 × 10–5), AEF inowedzera kana huwandu hwacho huchidzikira uye inogona kusvika pa803 kana huwandu hwacho huchidzikira pa8.2 × 10–10 kana ikatorwa kubva pa cuvette-based measurement curve.然而，在低浓度（相关浓度<1.28 × 10-5 ）下，AEF随着浓度的降低而增加，并且通过外推基于比色皿的测量曲线，在相关浓度為8.2 × 3 × 8.2 × 3 × 8.2 ×的值.然而 ， 在 低 浓度 （相关 浓度 <1.28 × 10-5） ， , AEF 随着 的 降低 而 , 并低 并万 通迎比色皿 测量 曲线 ， 在 浓度 為 8.2 × 10-10 时 达到 达到 达到 达到803 值. Однако при низких концентрациях (релевантные концентрации < 1,28 × 10-5) АЭП увеличивается с уменьшением концентрации 8,2 × 10–10 803 . Zvisinei, kana huwandu hwakaderera (huwandu hwakakodzera < 1.28 × 10-5) AED inowedzera nekudzikira kwehuwandu, uye kana ikatorwa kubva pa cuvette-based measurement curve, inosvika pahuwandu hwehuwandu hwe 8.2 × 10–10 803.Izvi zvinoguma nenzira inoenderana ye optical ye 803 cm (AEF × 1 cm), iyo yakareba kupfuura kureba kwemuviri kweMWC, uye yakareba kupfuura LWC refu kwazvo inowanikwa mukutengeserana (500 cm kubva kuWorld Precision Instruments, Inc.). Doko Engineering LLC ine kureba kwe 200 cm). Kuwedzera uku kusingaenderane nekupinza muLWC hakuna kumbotaurwa kare.
Pamufananidzo 6(a)-(c) ratidza mufananidzo wemaziso, mufananidzo wemaikorosikopu, uye mufananidzo weprofiler wepamusoro pechikamu cheMWC, zvichiteerana. Sezvakaratidzwa pamufananidzo 6(a), pamusoro pemukati pakanaka uye panopenya, panogona kuratidza chiedza chinooneka, uye panoratidza chiedza zvakanyanya. Sezvakaratidzwa pamufananidzo 6(b), nekuda kwekukanganisika uye hunhu hwekristaro hwesimbi, ma mesa madiki uye kusarongeka kunoonekwa pamusoro wakatsetseka. Kana tichitarisa nzvimbo diki (<5 μm×5 μm), kuomarara kwenzvimbo zhinji kuri pasi pe1.2 nm (Mufananidzo 6(c)). Kana tichitarisa nzvimbo diki (<5 μm×5 μm), kuomarara kwenzvimbo zhinji kuri pasi pe1.2 nm (Mufananidzo 6(c)). Ввиду малой площади (<5 мкм×5 мкм) шероховатость большей части поверхности составляет менее 1,2 нм (рис. 6(в)). Nekuda kwenzvimbo diki (<5 µm×5 µm), kuomarara kwenzvimbo zhinji kuri pasi pe1.2 nm (Mufananidzo 6(c)).考虑到小面积（<5 μm×5 μm），大多数表面的粗糙度小于1.2 nm（图6（c）).考虑到小面积（<5 μm×5 μm），大多数表面的粗糙度小于1.2 nm（图6（c）). Учитывая небольшую площадь (<5 мкм × 5 мкм), шероховатость большинства поверхностей составляет менее 1,2 нм (рис. Tichifunga nezvenzvimbo diki (<5 µm × 5 µm), kuomarara kwenzvimbo zhinji kuri pasi pe1.2 nm (Mufananidzo 6(c)).
(a) Mufananidzo wekuona, (b) mufananidzo wemaikorosikopu, uye (c) mufananidzo wekuona wepamusoro peMWC yakachekwa.
Sezvakaratidzwa pamufananidzo 7(a), nzira ye optical LOP mu capillary inotsanangurwa ne angle ye incidence θ (LOP = LC/sinθ, apo LC ndiyo urefu hwe capillary). Kune Teflon AF capillaries yakazadzwa ne DI H2O, angle ye incidence inofanira kunge yakakura kupfuura angle yakakosha ye 77.8°, saka LOP iri pasi pe 1.02 × LC pasina imwe kuvandudzwa 3.6. Nepo, ne MWC, kuvharirwa kwechiedza mukati me capillary hakuenderane ne refractive index kana angle ye incidence, saka sezvo angle ye incidence ichiderera, nzira yechiedza inogona kureba kupfuura kureba kwe capillary (LOP » LC). Sezvakaratidzwa pamufananidzo 7(b), corrugated metal surface inogona kukonzera kupararira kwechiedza, izvo zvinogona kuwedzera zvakanyanya nzira ye optical.
Saka, kune nzira mbiri dzechiedza dzeMWC: chiedza chakananga chisina kuratidzwa (LOP = LC) uye chiedza chesawtooth chine kuratidzwa kwakawanda pakati pemadziro emativi (LOP » LC). Zvinoenderana nemutemo waBeer, kusimba kwechiedza chinotumirwa zvakananga uye zigzag kunogona kuratidzwa sePS×exp(-α×LC) uye PZ×exp(-α×LOP) zvichiteerana, uko α inogara iripo ndiyo coefficient yekunyudzwa, iyo inoenderana zvachose nehuwandu hweinki.
Kune inki ine huwandu hwakawanda (semuenzaniso, huwandu hwakabatana >1.28 × 10-5), chiedza chezigzag chinodzikira zvakanyanya uye simba racho rakaderera zvikuru pane rechiedza chakatwasuka, nekuda kwehuwandu hwakawanda hwechinhu chinonyudzwa uye nzira yaro yakareba yekuona. Kune inki ine huwandu hwakawanda (semuenzaniso, huwandu hwakabatana >1.28 × 10-5), chiedza chezigzag chinodzikira zvakanyanya uye simba racho rakaderera zvikuru pane rechiedza chakatwasuka, nekuda kwehuwandu hukuru hwekunyudzwa uye nzira yaro yakareba yekuona. Высокой концентрацией (например, относительная концентрация >1,28 × 10-5) зигзагообразный свет силььено затунся намного ниже, чем у прямого света, из-за большого коэфффициента поглощения и гораздо более длинного оптического излучения. Painki ine huwandu hwakawanda hwezvinhu (semuenzaniso huwandu >1.28×10-5), chiedza chezigzag chinodzikira zvakanyanya uye simba racho rakaderera zvikuru pane rechiedza chakananga nekuda kwehuwandu hwakawanda hwezvinhu zvinopinda muchiedza uye kubuda kwechiedza kwenguva refu.nzira.对于高浓度墨水（例如，相关浓度>1.28×10-5），Z字形光衰减很大，其强度远低于直光，這是由于吸收系数大，光学时间更长.对于 高浓度 墨水 （例如 , 浓度 浓度> 1.28 × 10-5） , z 字形 衰减 很 大 ， , 這 是 吸收 系数 大 光学 时间 更。。 长 长 长 长 长 长 长 长 长Для чернил с высокой концентрацией (например, релевантные концентрации >1,28×10-5) намного ниже, чем у прямого света из-за большого коэфффициента поглощения и более длительного оптического времени. Kune inki dzine huwandu hwakawanda (semuenzaniso, huwandu hwakakodzera >1.28×10-5), chiedza chezigzag chinodzikira zvakanyanya uye simba racho rakaderera zvikuru pane rechiedza chakananga nekuda kwehuwandu hwakawanda hwekunyudzwa uye nguva yakareba yekuona.mugwagwa mudiki.Saka, chiedza chakananga chakadzora kusarudzwa kwe absorbance (LOP=LC) uye AEF yakaramba iripo pa ~7.0. Kusiyana neizvi, kana kudzika kwemushonga wekuisa muchinhu (absorption-coefficient) nekudzikira kwehuwandu hweinki (semuenzaniso, huwandu hunoenderana <1.28 × 10-5), simba remwenje wezigzag rinowedzera nekukurumidza kupfuura remwenje wakatwasuka uye ipapo mwenje wezigzag unotanga kuita basa rakakosha. Kusiyana neizvi, kana kudzika kwemushonga wekuisa muchinhu (absorption-coefficient) nekudzikira kwehuwandu hweinki (semuenzaniso, huwandu hunoenderana <1.28 × 10-5), simba remwenje wezigzag rinowedzera nekukurumidza kupfuura remwenje wakatwasuka uye ipapo mwenje wezigzag unotanga kuita basa rakakosha. Напротив, когда коэффициент поглощения уменьшением концентрации чернил (например, относительная концент,2085), × интенсивность зигзагообразного света увеличивается быстрее, чем у прямого света, и затем начинает играть зигзагообразный свет. Kusiyana neizvi, kana chiyero chekunyudzwa kwechinhu chikadzikira nekudzikira kwehuwandu hweinki (semuenzaniso, huwandu hwechinhu chinopfuura 1.28×10-5), simba rechiedza chezigzag rinowedzera nekukurumidza kupfuura rechiedza chakananga, uye ipapo chiedza chezigzag chinotanga kutamba.basa rinokosha zvikuru.相反，当吸收系数随着墨水浓度的降低而降低时（例如，相关浓度<1.28×10-5 ），字形光的强度比直光增加得更快，然后Z字形光开始发挥作用一个更重要的角色.相反 , 当 吸收 系数 随着 墨水 的 降低 而 降低 时 例如 例如 , 相关 浓度 1 × 1 × 1. , 字形光 的 强度 比 增加 得 更 , 然后 z 字形光 发挥 作用 一个 重要 重要 重要活更 . 更 HI的角色. И наборот, когда коэффициент поглощения уменьшается с уменьшением концентрации чернил (например, соответствуюю концен1-1×1),

интенсивность зигзагообразного света увеличивается быстрее, чем прямого, и тогда зигзагообразный свет начинает играть более важную. Kusiyana neizvi, kana chiyero chekunyudzwa kwechinhu chikadzikira nekudzikira kwehuwandu hweinki (semuenzaniso, huwandu hunoenderana < 1.28×10-5), simba rechiedza chezigzag rinowedzera nekukurumidza kupfuura chiedza chakananga, uye ipapo chiedza chezigzag chinotanga kuita basa rakakosha.hunhu hwemunhu.Saka, nekuda kwenzira yekuona yesawtooth (LOP » LC), AEF inogona kuwedzerwa kupfuura 7.0. Hunhu hweMWC hwekutumira chiedza hwakanyatsojeka hunogona kuwanikwa uchishandisa dzidziso yewaveguide mode.
Pamusoro pekuvandudza nzira ye optical, kukurumidza kushandura sampuro kunobatsirawo mukuderedza zvakanyanya. Nekuda kwehuwandu hushoma hweMCC (0.16 ml), nguva inodiwa yekuchinja nekushandura mhinduro muMCC inogona kunge iri pasi pemasekondi makumi maviri. Sezvakaratidzwa muMufananidzo 5, kukosha kudiki kweAMWC (2.5 × 10–4) kwakaderera ka4 pane kweAcuvette (1.0 × 10–3). Kukurumidza kushandura kwemhinduro inoyerera mu capillary kunoderedza mhedzisiro yeruzha rwesystem (semuenzaniso drift) pakururama kwemusiyano wekunyudzwa kana tichienzanisa ne retention solution mu cuvette. Semuenzaniso, sezvakaratidzwa mumufananidzo 3(b)-(d), ΔV inogona kusiyaniswa zviri nyore kubva ku drift signal nekuda kwekukurumidza kushandura sampuro mu capillary diki.
Sezvakaratidzwa muTafura 2, mhinduro dzakasiyana-siyana dzeglucose dzakagadzirwa pachishandiswa DI H2O se solvent. Samples dzine mavara kana dzisina chinhu dzakagadzirwa nekusanganisa glucose solution kana mvura yakabviswa ion ne chromogenic solutions ye glucose oxidase (GOD) uye peroxidase (POD) 37 mu fixed volume ratio ye 3:1, zvichiteerana. Pamufananidzo 8 panoratidza mifananidzo ye optical yemasampuli mapfumbamwe ane mavara (S2-S10) ane glucose concentrations inotangira pa 2.0 mM (kuruboshwe) kusvika pa 5.12 nM (kurudyi). Kutsvuka kunoderera nekudzikira kwe glucose concentration.
Mhedzisiro yekuyerwa kwemasamples 4, 9, uye 10 ne photometer yakavakirwa paMWC inoratidzwa muMifananidzo 9(a)-(c), zvichiteerana. Sezvakaratidzwa mumufananidzo 9(c), ΔV yakayerwa inova isina kugadzikana uye inowedzera zvishoma nezvishoma panguva yekuyerwa sezvo ruvara rweGOD-POD reagent pachayo (kunyangwe pasina kuwedzera glucose) rwuchichinja zvishoma nezvishoma muchiedza. Saka, kuyerwa kweΔV kwakatevedzana hakugone kudzokororwa kune masamples ane huwandu hweglucose huri pasi pe5.12 nM (muenzaniso 10), nekuti kana ΔV iri diki zvakakwana, kusagadzikana kweGOD-POD reagent hakuchagoni kuregeredzwa. Nokudaro, muganho wekuonekwa kwe glucose solution i5.12 nM, kunyangwe ΔV value inoenderana (0.52 µV) yakakura kupfuura noise value (0.03 µV), zvichiratidza kuti ΔV diki inogona kuonekwa. Muganho uyu wekuona unogona kuvandudzwa nekushandisa chromogenic reagents dzakagadzikana.
(a) Mhedzisiro yekuyerwa kwemuenzaniso 4, (b) muenzaniso 9, uye (c) muenzaniso 10 uchishandisa photometer yakavakirwa paMWC.
Kunyudzwa kweAMWC kunogona kuverengerwa uchishandisa Vcolor yakayerwa, Vblank uye Vdark. Kune photodetector ine gain ye105 Vdark i -0.068 μV. Kuyerwa kwemasampule ese kunogona kuiswa mune supplementary material. Kuti uenzanise, sampule dzeglucose dzakayerwawo ne spectrophotometer uye kunyudzwa kweAcuvette kwakayerwa kwakasvika pamuganho wekuona we 0.64 µM (sampule 7) sezvakaratidzwa muMufananidzo 10.
Hukama huripo pakati pekunyudzwa kwemvura nekutarisa kwacho hunoratidzwa muMufananidzo 11. Nekushandisa photometer yakavakirwa paMWC, kuvandudzwa kwemuganho wekuona kwakawanikwa ka125 kana tichienzanisa ne cuvette-based spectrophotometer. Kuvandudzwa uku kwakaderera pane kuyedzwa kweinki tsvuku nekuda kwekugadzikana kwakashata kwe reagent yeGOD-POD. Kuwedzera kusingaenderane nekunyudzwa kwemvura pamatanho akaderera kwakaonekwawo.
Photometer yakavakirwa paMWC yakagadzirwa kuti ionekwe zvakanyanya sensitive yemasampuli emvura. Nzira ye optical inogona kuwedzerwa zvakanyanya, uye yakareba kupfuura kureba kweMWC, nekuti chiedza chakapararira ne corrugated smooth metal sidewalls chinogona kuiswa mukati me capillary zvisinei ne angle ye incidence. Concentrations dzakaderera se 5.12 nM dzinogona kuwanikwa uchishandisa ma conventional GOD-POD reagents nekuda kwe non-linear optical amplification itsva uye fast sample switching uye glucose detection. Iyi photometer yakamanikana uye isingadhuri ichashandiswa zvakanyanya mu life sciences uye environment monitoring ye trace analysis.
Sezvakaratidzwa paMufananidzo 1, photometer yakavakirwa paMWC ine MWC ine urefu hwemasendimita manomwe (dhayamita yemukati 1.7 mm, dhayamita yekunze 3.18 mm, EP class electropolished inner surface, SUS316L stainless steel capillary), LED ine wavelength ye505 nm (Thorlabs M505F1), uye malenzi (beam spread about 6.6 degrees), variable gain photodetector (Thorlabs PDB450C) uye maT-connectors maviri ekutaurirana kwemaziso uye liquid in/out. T-connector inogadzirwa nekubatanidza quartz plate transparent kune PMMA tube umo MWC nePeek tubes (0.72 mm ID, 1.6 mm OD, Vici Valco Corp.) zvinopinzwa zvakasimba uye zvinonamirwa. Vharuvhu ine nzira nhatu yakabatana nePike inlet tube inoshandiswa kuchinja sample iri kuuya. Photodetector inogona kushandura simba remagetsi rinogamuchirwa P kuita chiratidzo chemagetsi chakawedzerwa N×V (apo V/P = 1.0 V/W pa1550 nm, gain N inogona kugadziriswa nemaoko pakati pe103-107). Kuti zvive nyore, V inoshandiswa panzvimbo peN×V sechiratidzo chekubuda.
Kana tichienzanisa, chinoshandiswa chekutengesa spectrophotometer (Agilent Technologies Cary 300 series ine R928 High Efficiency Photomultiplier) chine 1.0 cm cuvette cell chakashandiswawo kuyera kunyudzwa kwemvura mumasampuli.
Pamusoro pemukati peMWC cut pakaongororwa uchishandisa optical surface profiler (ZYGO New View 5022) ine resolution yakatwasuka neyakatwasuka ye0.1 nm uye 0.11 µm, zvichiteerana.
Makemikoro ese (kuongorora, hapana kumwe kucheneswa) akatengwa kubva kuSichuan Chuangke Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Makit ekuyedza glucose anosanganisira glucose oxidase (GOD), peroxidase (POD), 4-aminoantipyrine uye phenol, nezvimwewo. Mhinduro yechromogenic yakagadzirwa nenzira yakajairika yeGOD-POD 37.
Sezvakaratidzwa muTafura 2, mhando dzakasiyana dzemhinduro dzeglucose dzakagadzirwa uchishandisa DI H2O semusanganiswa uchishandisa nzira yekunyungudutsa yakatevedzana (ona Zvimwe Zvekushandisa kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo). Gadzirai sampuli dzakasvibiswa kana dzisina mavara nekusanganisa mhinduro yeglucose kana mvura yakabviswa ion ne chromogenic solution muhuwandu hwakatarwa hwe3:1, zvichiteerana. Samples dzese dzakachengetwa pa37°C dzakadzivirirwa kubva kuchiedza kwemaminitsi gumi vasati vayerwa. Munzira yeGOD-POD, sampuli dzakasvibiswa dzinoshanduka kuva tsvuku dzine mukana wekunyungudutsa pa505 nm, uye kunyudzwa kwacho kunoenderana nehuwandu hweglucose.
Sezvakaratidzwa muTafura 1, mhinduro dzeinki tsvuku (Ostrich Ink Co., Ltd., Tianjin, China) dzakagadzirwa nenzira yekusanganisa serial uchishandisa DI H2O se solvent.
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