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Loaʻa i ka nānā ʻana i nā hāpana wai kahi ākea o nā noi i nā ʻepekema ola a me ka nānā ʻana i ke kaiapuni. Ma kēia hana, ua hoʻomohala mākou i kahi photometer liʻiliʻi a me ke kumu kūʻai ʻole e pili ana i nā capillaries waveguide metala (MCCs) no ka hoʻoholo ʻana o ka absorption ultrasensitive. Hiki ke hoʻonui nui ʻia ke ala optical, a ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi ma mua o ka lōʻihi kino o ka MWC, no ka mea hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka mālamalama i hoʻopuehu ʻia e nā paia ʻaoʻao metala corrugated i loko o ke capillary me ka nānā ʻole i ke kihi o ka hanana. Hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia nā ʻike haʻahaʻa e like me 5.12 nM me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā reagents chromogenic maʻamau ma muli o ka hoʻonui optical non-linear hou a me ka hoʻololi wikiwiki ʻana i ka hāpana a me ka ʻike glucose.
Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka Photometry no ka nānā ʻana i nā laʻana wai ma muli o ka nui o nā reagents chromogenic i loaʻa a me nā mea hana optoelectronic semiconductor1,2,3,4,5. Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka hoʻoholo absorbance ma muli o ka cuvette kuʻuna, hōʻike nā capillaries waveguide wai (LWC) (TIR) ​​​​ma ka mālama ʻana i ka mālamalama probe i loko o ke capillary1,2,3,4,5. Eia naʻe, me ka ʻole o ka hoʻomaikaʻi hou ʻana, kokoke wale ke ala optical i ka lōʻihi kino o LWC3.6, a ʻo ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka lōʻihi LWC ma mua o 1.0 m e ʻeha i ka attenuation kukui ikaika a me ka pilikia nui o nā pehu, etc.3, 7. E pili ana i ka cell multi-reflection i manaʻo ʻia no ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ke ala optical, hoʻomaikaʻi wale ʻia ka palena ʻike e kahi kumu o 2.5-8.9.
ʻElua ʻano nui o LWC i kēia manawa, ʻo ia hoʻi nā capillaries Teflon AF (me ka refractive index o ~1.3 wale nō, ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa ma mua o ka wai) a me nā capillaries silica i uhi ʻia me Teflon AF a i ʻole nā ​​​​​​kiʻiʻoniʻoni metala1,3,4. No ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka TIR ma ka interface ma waena o nā mea dielectric, pono nā mea me ka refractive index haʻahaʻa a me nā kihi incidence kukui kiʻekiʻe3,6,10. E pili ana i nā capillaries Teflon AF, hiki ke hanu ʻia ʻo Teflon AF ma muli o kona ʻano porous3,11 a hiki ke omo i nā mea liʻiliʻi i loko o nā laʻana wai. No nā capillaries quartz i uhi ʻia ma waho me Teflon AF a i ʻole metala, ʻoi aku ke kiʻekiʻe o ka refractive index o ka quartz (1.45) ma mua o ka hapa nui o nā laʻana wai (e laʻa me 1.33 no ka wai)3,6,12,13. No nā capillaries i uhi ʻia me kahi kiʻiʻoniʻoni metala i loko, ua aʻo ʻia nā waiwai halihali14,15,16,17,18, akā paʻakikī ke kaʻina hana uhi, he ʻano ʻino a porous ka ʻili o ka kiʻiʻoniʻoni metala4,19.
Eia kekahi, ʻo nā LWC kalepa (AF Teflon Coated Capillaries a me AF Teflon Coated Silica Capillaries, World Precision Instruments, Inc.) he mau hemahema ʻē aʻe, e like me: no nā hewa. . ʻO ka nui o ka make o ka TIR3,10, (2) T-connector (e hoʻopili i nā capillaries, nā fibers, a me nā paipu komo/puka) hiki ke hoʻopaʻa i nā pehu ea10.
I ka manawa like, he mea nui ka hoʻoholo ʻana i nā pae glucose no ka ʻike ʻana i ka maʻi diabetes, ka cirrhosis o ke akepaʻa a me ka maʻi noʻonoʻo20. a me nā ʻano ʻike he nui e like me ka photometry (me ka spectrophotometry 21, 22, 23, 24, 25 a me ke colorimetry ma ka pepa 26, 27, 28), galvanometry 29, 30, 31, fluorometry 32, 33, 34, 35, optical polarimetry 36, surface plasmon resonance. 37, Fabry-Perot cavity 38, electrochemistry 39 a me ka capillary electrophoresis 40,41 a pēlā aku. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka hapa nui o kēia mau ʻano hana e pono ai nā lako pipiʻi, a ʻo ka ʻike ʻana i ka glucose ma kekahi mau nanomolar concentrations he mea paʻakikī mau ia (no ka laʻana, no nā ana photometric21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, ka haʻahaʻa loa o ka glucose). ʻo ka palena he 30 nM wale nō i ka wā i hoʻohana ʻia ai nā nanoparticles polū Prussian e like me nā peroxidase mimics). Pono pinepine ʻia nā loiloi glucose nanomolar no nā haʻawina cellular pae molekala e like me ke kāohi ʻana i ka ulu ʻana o ka maʻi prostate kanaka42 a me ke ʻano hoʻopaʻa CO2 o Prochlorococcus i ke kai.
Ma kēia ʻatikala, ua hoʻomohala ʻia kahi photometer liʻiliʻi a makepono hoʻi e pili ana i kahi capillary waveguide metala (MWC), kahi capillary kila kila SUS316L me kahi ʻili o loko i hoʻopili ʻia, no ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ka absorption ultrasensitive. ʻOiai hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka mālamalama i loko o nā capillaries metala me ka nānā ʻole i ke kihi o ka hanana, hiki ke hoʻonui nui ʻia ke ala optical e ka hoʻopuehu ʻana o ka mālamalama ma nā ʻili metala corrugated a laumania, a ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi ma mua o ka lōʻihi kino o ka MWC. Eia kekahi, ua hoʻolālā ʻia kahi mea hoʻohui T maʻalahi no ka pilina optical a me ka inlet/outlet fluid e hōʻemi i ka nui make a pale i ka pahele ʻana o ka pehu. No ka photometer MWC 7 cm, ua hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ka palena ʻike ma kahi o 3000 mau manawa i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka spectrophotometer kalepa me ka 1 cm cuvette ma muli o ka hoʻonui hou ʻana o ke ala optical non-linear a me ka hoʻololi wikiwiki ʻana i ka laʻana, a hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia ka nui o ka ʻike glucose. 5.12 nM wale nō me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā reagents chromogenic maʻamau.
E like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ke Kiʻi 1, ʻo ka photometer e pili ana iā MWC he MWC 7 cm ka lōʻihi me kahi ʻili o loko i hoʻopili ʻia e ka EP, kahi LED 505 nm me kahi lens, kahi photodetector loaʻa hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia, a ʻelua no ka hoʻopili optical a me ka hoʻokomo wai. Puka. Hoʻohana ʻia kahi valve ʻekolu ala i hoʻopili ʻia i ka paipu komo Pike e hoʻololi i ka hāpana e komo mai ana. Hoʻopili pono ka paipu Peek i ka papa quartz a me MWC, no laila ua mālama ʻia ka nui make i loko o ka mea hoʻohui T i ka liʻiliʻi loa, e pale pono ana i nā pehu ea mai ka paʻa ʻana. Eia kekahi, hiki ke hoʻokomo maʻalahi a me ka maikaʻi ʻia ke kukuna collimated i loko o ka MWC ma o ka papa quartz T-piece.
Hoʻokomo ʻia ke kukuna a me ka hāpana wai i loko o ka MCC ma o kahi ʻāpana T, a loaʻa ka kukuna e hele ana ma o ka MCC e kahi photodetector. Ua hoʻokomo ʻia nā hopena e komo mai ana o nā hāpana i hoʻoluʻu ʻia a i ʻole nā ​​​​hāpana hakahaka i loko o ka ICC ma o kahi valve ʻekolu ala. Wahi a ke kānāwai o Beer, hiki ke helu ʻia ka nui o ka optical o kahi hāpana kala mai ka hoohalike. 1.10
kahi ʻo Vcolor lāua ʻo Vblank nā hōʻailona hoʻopuka o ka photodetector ke hoʻokomo ʻia nā laʻana kala a me nā blank i loko o ka MCC, kēlā me kēia, a ʻo Vdark ka hōʻailona hope o ka photodetector ke pio ka LED. Hiki ke ana ʻia ka loli o ka hōʻailona hoʻopuka ΔV = Vcolor–Vblank ma o ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā laʻana. Wahi a ke kaulike. E like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ke Kiʻi 1, inā ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ΔV ma mua o Vblank–Vdark, i ka wā e hoʻohana ai i kahi papahana hoʻololi laʻana, hiki i nā loli liʻiliʻi ma Vblank (e laʻa me ka drift) ke loaʻa ka hopena liʻiliʻi i ka waiwai AMWC.
No ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i ka hana o ka photometer MWC me ka spectrophotometer cuvette, ua hoʻohana ʻia kahi hopena ʻīnika ʻulaʻula ma ke ʻano he laʻana kala ma muli o kona kūpaʻa kala maikaʻi loa a me ka linearity concentration-absorbance maikaʻi, ʻo DI H2O ma ke ʻano he laʻana hakahaka. . E like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ka Papa 1, ua hoʻomākaukau ʻia kekahi mau hopena ʻīnika ʻulaʻula e ke ʻano dilution serial me ka hoʻohana ʻana iā DI H2O ma ke ʻano he solvent. Ua hoʻoholo ʻia ka nui o ka laʻana 1 (S1), ka pena ʻulaʻula mua i hoʻoheheʻe ʻole ʻia, he 1.0. Ma ke kiʻi. Hōʻike ka Kiʻi 2 i nā kiʻi optical o 11 mau laʻana ʻīnika ʻulaʻula (S4 a i S14) me nā nui pili (i helu ʻia ma ka Papa 1) mai 8.0 × 10–3 (hema) a i 8.2 × 10–10 (ʻākau).
Ua hōʻike ʻia nā hopena ana no ka laʻana 6 ma nā Kiʻi 3(a). Ua hōʻailona ʻia nā kiko o ke kuapo ʻana ma waena o nā laʻana i hoʻoluʻu ʻia a me nā laʻana hakahaka ma ke kiʻi e nā pua pālua "↔". Hiki ke ʻike ʻia e piʻi wikiwiki ana ka uila hoʻopuka i ka wā e kuapo ai mai nā laʻana kala i nā laʻana hakahaka a me ka hope. Hiki ke loaʻa ʻo Vcolor, Vblank a me ka ΔV e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ke kiʻi.
(a) Nā hopena ana no ka laʻana 6, (b) laʻana 9, (c) laʻana 13, a me (d) laʻana 14 me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi photometer i hoʻokumu ʻia e MWC.
Ua hōʻike ʻia nā hopena ana no nā laʻana 9, 13, a me 14 ma nā Kiʻi 3(b)-(d), kēlā me kēia. E like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ke Kiʻi 3(d), ʻo ka ΔV i ana ʻia he 5 nV wale nō, ʻaneʻane 3 manawa ka nui o ka walaʻau (2 nV). He paʻakikī ke hoʻokaʻawale i kahi ΔV liʻiliʻi mai ka walaʻau. No laila, ua hōʻea ka palena o ka ʻike ʻana i kahi ʻano pili o 8.2 × 10-10 (laʻana 14). Me ke kōkua o nā kaulike. 1. Hiki ke helu ʻia ka absorbance AMWC mai nā waiwai Vcolor, Vblank a me Vdark i ana ʻia. No kahi photodetector me ka loaʻa o 104 ʻO Vdark he -0.68 μV. Ua hōʻuluʻulu ʻia nā hopena ana no nā laʻana āpau ma ka Papa 1 a hiki ke loaʻa i loko o ka mea hoʻohui. E like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ka Papa 1, ʻo ka absorbance i loaʻa ma nā ʻano kiʻekiʻe e hoʻopiha ana, no laila ʻaʻole hiki ke ana ʻia ka absorbance ma luna o 3.7 me nā spectrometers MWC.
No ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana, ua ana ʻia kekahi hāpana ʻīnika ʻulaʻula me kahi spectrophotometer a ua hōʻike ʻia ka absorbance Acuvette i ana ʻia ma ke Kiʻi 4. Ua loaʻa nā waiwai Acuvette ma 505 nm (e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ka Papa 1) ma ke kuhikuhi ʻana i nā piʻo o nā hāpana 10, 11, a i ʻole 12 (e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ka inset). i ke Kiʻi 4) ma ke ʻano he baseline. E like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia, ua hōʻea ka palena ʻike i kahi ʻano pili o 2.56 x 10-6 (hāpana 9) no ka mea ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā piʻo omo o nā hāpana 10, 11 a me 12 mai kekahi i kekahi. No laila, i ka wā e hoʻohana ai i ka photometer e pili ana iā MWC, ua hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ka palena ʻike e kahi kumu o 3125 i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka spectrophotometer e pili ana i ka cuvette.
Hōʻike ʻia ka pilina omo-concentration ma ke Kiʻi 5. No nā ana ʻana o ka cuvette, ua like ka absorbance me ka nui o ka ʻīnika ma kahi lōʻihi o ke ala o 1 cm. ʻOiai, no nā ana ʻana ma muli o MWC, ua ʻike ʻia kahi piʻi ʻole linear o ka absorbance ma nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa. Wahi a ke kānāwai o Beer, ua like ka absorbance me ka lōʻihi o ke ala optical, no laila ʻo ka loaʻa absorption AEF (i wehewehe ʻia ʻo AEF = AMWC/Acuvette ma ka nui like o ka ʻīnika) ʻo ia ka lakio o MWC i ka lōʻihi o ke ala optical o ka cuvette. E like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ke Kiʻi 5, ma nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe, ʻo ka AEF mau ma kahi o 7.0, he mea kūpono ia no ka mea ʻo ka lōʻihi o ka MWC he 7 mau manawa ka lōʻihi o ka cuvette 1 cm. Eia nō naʻe, ma nā ʻano haʻahaʻa (ʻano pili <1.28 × 10-5), piʻi ka AEF me ka emi ʻana o ka ʻano a hiki i ka waiwai o 803 ma ka ʻano pili o 8.2 × 10-10 ma ka extrapolating i ke kūlou o ke ana ʻana ma muli o ka cuvette. Eia nō naʻe, ma nā ʻano haʻahaʻa (ʻano pili <1.28 × 10-5), piʻi ka AEF me ka emi ʻana o ka ʻano a hiki i ka waiwai o 803 ma ka ʻano pili o 8.2 × 10-10 ma ka extrapolating i ke kūlou o ke ana ʻana ma muli o ka cuvette. Однако при низких концентрациях (относительная концентрация <1,28 × 10–5) AEF увеличивается с уменьшением трацием достигать значения 803 при относительной концентрации 8,2 × 10–10 при экстраполяции кривой измерения на основет . Eia nō naʻe, ma nā ʻano haʻahaʻa (ʻano pili <1.28 × 10–5), piʻi ka AEF me ka emi ʻana o ka ʻano a hiki ke piʻi i ka waiwai o 803 ma kahi ʻano pili o 8.2 × 10–10 ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia mai kahi piʻo ana i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka cuvette.然而，在低浓度（相关浓度<1.28 × 10-5 ）下，AEF随着浓度的降低而增加，并且通过外推基于比色皿的测量曲线，在相关浓度为8-12 × 10.时将达到803 的值。然而 ， 在 低 浓度 （相关 浓度 <1.28 × 10-5） ， ， AEF 随着 的 降低 而 ， 并且 通迎比色皿 测量 曲线 ， 在 浓度 为 8.2 × 10-10 时 达到 达到 达到 达到 达到803 。 при низких концентрациях (релевантные концентрации < 1,28 × 10-5) экстраполяции кривой измерения на основе кюветы она достигает значения относительной концентрации 8,2 × 803 10. Eia nō naʻe, ma nā ʻano haʻahaʻa (nā ʻano pili < 1.28 × 10-5) piʻi ka AED me ka emi ʻana o ka ʻano, a i ka wā e hoʻonui ʻia mai kahi piʻo ana i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka cuvette, hiki ia i kahi waiwai ʻano pili o 8.2 × 10–10803.ʻO ka hopena o kēia, he ala optical kūlike o 803 cm (AEF × 1 cm), ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi ma mua o ka lōʻihi kino o ka MWC, a ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi ma mua o ka LWC lōʻihi loa i loaʻa ma ke kālepa (500 cm mai World Precision Instruments, Inc.). He 200 cm ka lōʻihi o Doko Engineering LLC). ʻAʻole i hōʻike mua ʻia kēia hoʻonui non-linear i ka omo ʻana i loko o ka LWC.
Ma ke kiʻi 6(a)-(c) e hōʻike i kahi kiʻi optical, kahi kiʻi microscope, a me kahi kiʻi profiler optical o ka ʻili o loko o ka ʻāpana MWC, kēlā me kēia. E like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ke kiʻi 6(a), he laumania a ʻālohilohi ka ʻili o loko, hiki ke hōʻike i ka mālamalama ʻike ʻia, a he ʻālohilohi loa. E like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ke kiʻi 6(b), ma muli o ke ʻano deformability a me ke ʻano crystalline o ka metala, ʻike ʻia nā mesas liʻiliʻi a me nā ʻano ʻē ma ka ʻili laumania. I ka nānā ʻana i kahi liʻiliʻi (<5 μm × 5 μm), ʻoi aku ka ʻino o ka hapa nui o ka ʻili ma mua o 1.2 nm (Kiʻi 6 (c)). I ka nānā ʻana i kahi wahi liʻiliʻi (<5 μm × 5 μm), ʻoi aku ka ʻino o ka hapa nui o ka ʻili ma mua o 1.2 nm (Kiʻi 6 (c)). Ввиду малой площади (<5 мкм×5 мкм) шероховатость большей части поверхности составляет менее 1,2 нм (рис. 6(). Ma muli o ka liʻiliʻi o ka ʻāpana (<5 µm × 5 µm), ʻo ka ʻoʻoleʻa o ka hapa nui o ka ʻili he emi ma mua o 1.2 nm (Kiʻi 6 (c)).考虑到小面积（<5 μm×5 μm），大多数表面的粗糙度小于1.2 nm（图6（c））。考虑到小面积（<5 μm×5 μm），大多数表面的粗糙度小于1.2 nm（图6（c））。 Учитывая небольшую площадь (<5 мкм × 5 мкм), шероховатость большинства поверхностей составляет мене (1,2 нм). Ke noʻonoʻo nei i ka wahi liʻiliʻi (<5 µm × 5 µm), ʻoi aku ka ʻino o ka hapa nui o nā ʻili ma mua o 1.2 nm (Kiʻi 6(c)).
(a) Kiʻi ʻōpae, (b) kiʻi microscope, a me (c) kiʻi ʻōpae o ka ʻili o loko o ka ʻoki MWC.
E like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ke kiʻi 7(a), ua hoʻoholo ʻia ke ala optical LOP i loko o ke capillary e ke kihi o ka hanana θ (LOP = LC/sinθ, kahi ʻo LC ka lōʻihi kino o ke capillary). No nā capillaries Teflon AF i hoʻopiha ʻia me DI H2O, pono ke kihi o ka hanana e ʻoi aku ma mua o ke kihi koʻikoʻi o 77.8°, no laila ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka LOP ma mua o 1.02 × LC me ka ʻole o ka hoʻomaikaʻi hou ʻana3.6. ʻOiai, me MWC, kūʻokoʻa ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana o ka mālamalama i loko o ke capillary i ka refractive index a i ʻole ke kihi o ka hanana, no laila ke emi nei ke kihi o ka hanana, hiki i ke ala mālamalama ke lōʻihi loa ma mua o ka lōʻihi o ke capillary (LOP »LC). E like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ke kiʻi 7(b), hiki i ka ʻili metala corrugated ke hoʻoulu i ka hoʻopuehu ʻana o ka mālamalama, hiki ke hoʻonui nui i ke ala optical.
No laila, aia ʻelua mau ala kukui no MWC: ke kukui pololei me ka ʻole o ka hoʻohuli ʻana (LOP = LC) a me ke kukui niho ʻoki me nā hoʻohuli he nui ma waena o nā paia ʻaoʻao (LOP » LC). Wahi a ke kānāwai o Beer, hiki ke hōʻike ʻia ka ikaika o ke kukui pololei a me ka zigzag i hoʻouna ʻia ma ke ʻano he PS×exp(-α×LC) a me PZ×exp(-α×LOP) pakahi, kahi ʻo ka α mau ka coefficient absorption, kahi e hilinaʻi nui ʻia ai ka nui o ka ʻīnika.
No ka ʻīnika kiʻekiʻe ka nui (e laʻa, ka nui pili >1.28 × 10-5), ua hoʻēmi nui ʻia ke kukui zigzag a ua haʻahaʻa loa kona ikaika ma mua o ke kukui pololei, ma muli o ka nui o ka absorption-coefficient a me kona ala optical lōʻihi loa. No ka ʻīnika kiʻekiʻe ka nui (e laʻa, ka nui pili >1.28 × 10-5), ua hoʻēmi nui ʻia ke kukui zigzag a ua haʻahaʻa loa kona ikaika ma mua o ke kukui pololei, ma muli o ka nui o ka coefficient absorption a me kona ala optical lōʻihi loa. LIKE LIKE LIKE LIKE его интенсивность намного ниже, чем у прямого света, из-за большого коэффициента поглощения и гораздогти блинента излучения. No ka ʻīnika kiʻekiʻe (e laʻa me ka noʻonoʻo pili >1.28 × 10-5), ua hoʻēmi nui ʻia ke kukui zigzag a ua haʻahaʻa loa kona ikaika ma mua o ke kukui pololei ma muli o ke koina absorption nui a me ka hoʻokuʻu optical lōʻihi loa.ala hele.对于高浓度墨水（例如，相关浓度>1.28×10-5），Z字形光衰减很大，其强度远低于直光，这是由于吸收系数大，光学时间更长。对于 高浓度 墨水 （例如 ， 浓度 浓度> 1.28 × 10-5） ， z 字形 衰减 很 大 ， 低度， 这 是 吸收 系数 大 光学 时间 更。。 长 长 长 长 长 长 长 长 长 长 长 长Для чернил с высокой концентрацией (noha'i, релевантные концентрации >1,28×10-5) зигзагообразный светльзначет светльзна и его интенсивность намного ниже, чем у прямого света из-за большого коэффициента поглощения и болонти глительте времени. No nā ʻīnika kiʻekiʻe (e laʻa, nā ʻano pili >1.28 × 10-5), ua hoʻēmi nui ʻia ke kukui zigzag a ua haʻahaʻa loa kona ikaika ma mua o ke kukui pololei ma muli o ke koina absorption nui a me ka manawa optical lōʻihi.alanui liʻiliʻi.No laila, ua hoʻomalu ka mālamalama pololei i ka hoʻoholo absorbance (LOP=LC) a ua mālama ʻia ka AEF ma ~7.0. I ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana, i ka wā e hoʻemi ʻia ai ka coefficient absorption me ka emi ʻana o ka nui o ka ʻīnika (e laʻa, ka nui pili <1.28 × 10-5), ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki o ka piʻi ʻana o ka ikaika o ke kukui zigzag ma mua o ke kukui pololei a laila hoʻomaka ke kukui zigzag e pāʻani i kahi kuleana koʻikoʻi. I ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana, i ka wā e hoʻemi ʻia ai ka coefficient absorption me ka emi ʻana o ka nui o ka ʻīnika (e laʻa, ka nui pili <1.28 × 10-5), ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki o ka piʻi ʻana o ka ikaika o ke kukui zigzag ma mua o ke kukui pololei a laila hoʻomaka ke kukui zigzag e pāʻani i kahi kuleana koʻikoʻi. Напротив, когда коэффициент поглощения уменьшается с уменьшением концентрации чернил (например, относитель2, относитель2 10-5), интенсивность зигзагообразного света увеличивается быстрее, чем у прямого света, и затем начинает игратоть света. I ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, i ka wā e emi ai ke koina omo me ka emi ʻana o ka nui o ka ʻīnika (no ka laʻana, ʻo ka nui pili <1.28 × 10-5), ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki o ka piʻi ʻana o ke kukui zigzag ma mua o ke kukui pololei, a laila hoʻomaka ke kukui zigzag e pāʻani.kuleana koʻikoʻi aʻe.相反，当吸收系数随着墨水浓度的降低而降低时（例如，相关浓度<1.28×10-5 ），Z字形光的强度比直光增加得更快，然后Z字形光开始发挥作用一个更重要的覲。相反 ， 当 吸收 系数 随着 墨水 的 降低 而 降低 时 例如 例如 ， 关 浓度 × 1-0. ， 字形光 的 强度 比 增加 得 更 ， 然后 z 字形光 发挥 作用 一 个 重要 重要 重要 重要更 更 更 更 更 HI的角色。 И наоборот, когда коэфициент поглощения уменьшается с уменьшением концентрации чернил (например, соответратся < 1.28×10-5), интенсивность зигзагообразного света увеличивается быстрее, чем прямого, и тогда более важную роль. I ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, i ka wā e emi ai ke koina omo me ka emi ʻana o ka nui o ka ʻīnika (no ka laʻana, ʻo ka nui like < 1.28 × 10-5), ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki o ka piʻi ʻana o ka ikaika o ke kukui zigzag ma mua o ke kukui pololei, a laila hoʻomaka ke kukui zigzag e pāʻani i kahi kuleana koʻikoʻi.kanaka hana.No laila, ma muli o ke ala optical sawtooth (LOP » LC), hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia ka AEF ma mua o 7.0. Hiki ke loaʻa nā ʻano hoʻoili mālamalama pololei o MWC me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kumumanaʻo mode waveguide.
Ma waho aʻe o ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ke ala optical, ʻo ka hoʻololi wikiwiki ʻana i ka laʻana e kōkua pū i nā palena ʻike haʻahaʻa loa. Ma muli o ka liʻiliʻi o ka nui o MCC (0.16 ml), ʻo ka manawa e pono ai e hoʻololi a hoʻololi i nā hopena ma MCC hiki ke emi ma mua o 20 kekona. E like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ke Kiʻi 5, ʻo ka waiwai ʻike liʻiliʻi loa o AMWC (2.5 × 10–4) he 4 mau manawa haʻahaʻa ma mua o Acuvette (1.0 × 10–3). ʻO ka hoʻololi wikiwiki ʻana o ka hopena e kahe ana i loko o ke capillary e hōʻemi i ka hopena o ka walaʻau ʻōnaehana (e laʻa me ka drift) ma ka pololei o ka ʻokoʻa absorbance i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka hopena paʻa i loko o ka cuvette. No ka laʻana, e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ke kiʻi 3(b)-(d), hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale maʻalahi ʻia ʻo ΔV mai kahi hōʻailona drift ma muli o ka hoʻololi wikiwiki ʻana o ka laʻana i loko o ke capillary liʻiliʻi.
E like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ka Papa 2, ua hoʻomākaukau ʻia kahi ʻano o nā hopena glucose ma nā ʻano like ʻole me ka hoʻohana ʻana iā DI H2O ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻoheheʻe. Ua hoʻomākaukau ʻia nā laʻana i hoʻoluʻu ʻia a i ʻole nā ​​​​​​laʻana hakahaka ma ke kāwili ʻana i ka hopena glucose a i ʻole ka wai deionized me nā hopena chromogenic o ka glucose oxidase (GOD) a me ka peroxidase (POD) 37 ma kahi lakio paʻa o 3:1, kēlā me kēia. Ma ke kiʻi 8 hōʻike i nā kiʻi optical o ʻeiwa mau laʻana i hoʻoluʻu ʻia (S2-S10) me nā ʻano glucose mai 2.0 mM (hema) a i 5.12 nM (ʻākau). E emi ana ka ʻulaʻula me ka emi ʻana o ka nui o ka glucose.
Hōʻike ʻia nā hopena o nā ana o nā laʻana 4, 9, a me 10 me kahi photometer i hoʻokumu ʻia e MWC ma nā Kiʻi 9(a)-(c), kēlā me kēia. E like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ke kiʻi 9(c), lilo ka ΔV i ana ʻia i mea paʻa ʻole a piʻi mālie i ka wā o ke ana ʻana i ka wā e loli mālie ai ke kala o ka reagent GOD-POD ponoʻī (ʻoiai me ka ʻole o ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka glucose) i ka mālamalama. No laila, ʻaʻole hiki ke hana hou ʻia nā ana ΔV e pili ana no nā laʻana me ka nui o ka glucose ma lalo o 5.12 nM (laʻana 10), no ka mea, i ka wā e liʻiliʻi ai ka ΔV, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻowahāwahā ʻia ka paʻa ʻole o ka reagent GOD-POD. No laila, ʻo ka palena o ka ʻike ʻana no ka hopena glucose he 5.12 nM, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka nui o ka waiwai ΔV like (0.52 µV) ma mua o ka waiwai walaʻau (0.03 µV), e hōʻike ana hiki ke ʻike ʻia kahi ΔV liʻiliʻi. Hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi hou ʻia kēia palena ʻike ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā reagent chromogenic paʻa.
(a) Nā hopena ana no ka laʻana 4, (b) laʻana 9, a me (c) laʻana 10 me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi photometer i hoʻokumu ʻia e MWC.
Hiki ke helu ʻia ka absorbance AMWC me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā waiwai Vcolor, Vblank a me Vdark i ana ʻia. No kahi photodetector me ka loaʻa o 105 Vdark he -0.068 μV. Hiki ke hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā ana no nā laʻana āpau i loko o ka mea hoʻohui. No ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana, ua ana ʻia nā laʻana glucose me kahi spectrophotometer a ua hōʻea ka absorbance i ana ʻia o Acuvette i kahi palena ʻike o 0.64 µM (laʻana 7) e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ke Kiʻi 10.
Ua hōʻike ʻia ka pilina ma waena o ka absorbance a me ka concentration ma ke Kiʻi 11. Me ka photometer e pili ana iā MWC, ua hoʻokō ʻia kahi hoʻomaikaʻi 125-fold i ka palena ʻike i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka spectrophotometer e pili ana i ka cuvette. ʻOi aku ka haʻahaʻa o kēia hoʻomaikaʻi ma mua o ka hoʻāʻo ʻana o ka ʻīnika ʻulaʻula ma muli o ke kūpaʻa maikaʻi ʻole o ka reagent GOD-POD. Ua ʻike ʻia hoʻi kahi hoʻonui non-linear i ka absorbance ma nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa.
Ua hoʻomohala ʻia ka photometer i hoʻokumu ʻia e MWC no ka ʻike ʻana i nā hāpana wai me ka ʻike maka loa. Hiki ke hoʻonui nui ʻia ke ala optical, a ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi ma mua o ka lōʻihi kino o ka MWC, no ka mea, hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka mālamalama i hoʻopuehu ʻia e nā paia ʻaoʻao metala laumania corrugated i loko o ke capillary me ka nānā ʻole i ke kihi o ka hanana. Hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia nā ʻike haʻahaʻa e like me 5.12 nM me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā reagents GOD-POD maʻamau mahalo i ka hoʻonui optical non-linear hou a me ka hoʻololi wikiwiki ʻana i ka hāpana a me ka ʻike glucose. E hoʻohana nui ʻia kēia photometer liʻiliʻi a me ke kumu kūʻai ʻole i nā ʻepekema ola a me ka nānā ʻana i ke kaiapuni no ka nānā ʻana i ka trace.
E like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ke Kiʻi 1, ʻo ka photometer i hoʻokumu ʻia e MWC he MWC 7 cm ka lōʻihi (ke anawaena o loko he 1.7 mm, ke anawaena o waho he 3.18 mm, ka ʻili o loko i hoʻopili ʻia i ka papa EP, ke capillary kila kila SUS316L), kahi LED nalu 505 nm (Thorlabs M505F1), a me nā aniani (ka laha ʻana o ke kukuna ma kahi o 6.6 degere), ka photodetector loaʻa loli (Thorlabs PDB450C) a me ʻelua mau mea hoʻohui T no ke kamaʻilio optical a me ka wai i loko/i waho. Hana ʻia ka mea hoʻohui T ma ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i kahi pā quartz moakaka i kahi paipu PMMA kahi i hoʻokomo paʻa ʻia ai nā paipu MWC a me Peek (0.72 mm ID, 1.6 mm OD, Vici Valco Corp.) a hoʻopili ʻia. Hoʻohana ʻia kahi valve ʻekolu ala i hoʻopili ʻia i ka paipu komo Pike e hoʻololi i ka laʻana e komo mai ana. Hiki i ka mea ʻike kiʻi ke hoʻololi i ka mana optical i loaʻa P i loko o kahi hōʻailona voltage i hoʻonui ʻia ʻo N × V (kahi ʻo V / P = 1.0 V / W ma 1550 nm, hiki ke hoʻoponopono lima ʻia ka loaʻa N ma ka laulā o 103-107). No ka pōkole, hoʻohana ʻia ʻo V ma kahi o N × V ma ke ʻano he hōʻailona hoʻopuka.
I ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana, ua hoʻohana pū ʻia kahi spectrophotometer kalepa (Agilent Technologies Cary 300 series me R928 High Efficiency Photomultiplier) me kahi cell cuvette 1.0 cm e ana i ka absorbance o nā hāpana wai.
Ua nānā ʻia ka ʻili o loko o ka ʻoki MWC me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi optical surface profiler (ZYGO New View 5022) me ka hoʻonā kū pololei a me ka ʻaoʻao o 0.1 nm a me 0.11 µm, kēlā me kēia.
Ua kūʻai ʻia nā kemika āpau (pae loiloi, ʻaʻohe hoʻomaʻemaʻe hou aku) mai Sichuan Chuangke Biotechnology Co., Ltd. ʻO nā pahu hoʻāʻo glucose e komo pū me ka glucose oxidase (GOD), peroxidase (POD), 4-aminoantipyrine a me ka phenol, a pēlā aku. Ua hoʻomākaukau ʻia ka hopena chromogenic e ke ʻano maʻamau o GOD-POD 37.
E like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ka Papa 2, ua hoʻomākaukau ʻia kahi ʻano o nā hopena glucose ma nā ʻano like ʻole me ka hoʻohana ʻana iā DI H2O ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻoheheʻe me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi ʻano dilution serial (e ʻike i nā Mea Hoʻohui no nā kikoʻī). E hoʻomākaukau i nā laʻana i hoʻoluʻu ʻia a i ʻole nā ​​​​​​laʻana hakahaka ma ke kāwili ʻana i ka hopena glucose a i ʻole ka wai deionized me ka hopena chromogenic ma kahi lakio paʻa o 3:1, kēlā me kēia. Ua mālama ʻia nā laʻana āpau ma 37°C i pale ʻia mai ka mālamalama no 10 mau minuke ma mua o ke ana ʻana. Ma ke ʻano GOD-POD, huli nā laʻana i hoʻoluʻu ʻia i ʻulaʻula me ka palena kiʻekiʻe o ka absorption ma 505 nm, a ua kokoke like ka absorption me ka nui o ka glucose.
E like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ka Papa 1, ua hoʻomākaukau ʻia kekahi moʻo o nā hopena ʻīnika ʻulaʻula (Ostrich Ink Co., Ltd., Tianjin, Kina) e ke ʻano dilution serial me ka hoʻohana ʻana iā DI H2O ma ke ʻano he solvent.
Pehea e ʻōlelo ai i kēia ʻatikala: Bai, M. et al. Photometer compact e pili ana i nā capillaries waveguide metala: no ka hoʻoholo ʻana i nā ʻano nanomolar o ka glucose. ka ʻepekema. 5, 10476. doi: 10.1038/srep10476 (2015).
ʻO Dress, P. & Franke, H. Ke hoʻonui nei i ka pololei o ka nānā ʻana i ka wai a me ka kaohi ʻana i ka waiwai pH me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi alakaʻi nalu wai-core. ʻO Dress, P. & Franke, H. Ke hoʻonui nei i ka pololei o ka nānā ʻana i ka wai a me ka kaohi ʻana i ka waiwai pH me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi alakaʻi nalu wai-core.ʻO Dress, P. lāua ʻo Franke, H. Ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka pololei o ka nānā ʻana i ka wai a me ka kaohi pH me kahi alakaʻi nalu kumu wai. Dress, P. & Franke, H. 使用液芯波导提高液体分析和pH 值控制的准确性。 Dress, P. & Franke, H. 使用液芯波导提高液体分析和pHʻO Dress, P. lāua ʻo Franke, H. Ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka pololei o ka nānā ʻana i ka wai a me ka kaohi pH me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā alakaʻi nalu kumu wai.E hoʻololi i ka ʻepekema. mika. 68, 2167–2171 (1997).
ʻO Li, QP, Zhang, J.-Z., Millero, FJ & Hansell, DA Hoʻoholo mau ʻana i ka colorimetric o ka ammonium trace i loko o ka wai kai me kahi cell capillary waveguide wai lōʻihi. ʻO Li, QP, Zhang, J.-Z., Millero, FJ & Hansell, DA Hoʻoholo mau ʻana i ka colorimetric o ka ammonium trace i loko o ka wai kai me kahi cell capillary waveguide wai lōʻihi.ʻO Lee, KP, Zhang, J.-Z., Millero, FJ lāua ʻo Hansel, DA Ka hoʻoholo kala mau ʻana o nā nui liʻiliʻi o ka ammonium i loko o ka wai kai me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi cell capillary me kahi alakaʻi nalu wai. Li, QP, Zhang, J. -Z., Millero, FJ & Hansell, DA 用长程液体波导毛细管连续比色测定海水中的痕量铵。 Li, QP, Zhang, J.-Z., Millero, FJ & Hansell, DA.ʻO Lee, KP, Zhang, J.-Z., Millero, FJ lāua ʻo Hansel, DA Ka hoʻoholo kala mau ʻana o nā nui liʻiliʻi o ka ammonium i loko o ka wai kai me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā capillaries waveguide wai lōʻihi.Kemika i Malaki. 96, 73–85 (2005).
ʻO Páscoa, RNMJ, Tóth, IV & Rangel, AOSS Review e pili ana i nā noi hou o ke kelepona capillary waveguide wai i nā ʻano hana loiloi e pili ana i ke kahe e hoʻonui i ka ʻike o nā ʻano ʻike spectroscopic. ʻO Páscoa, RNMJ, Tóth, IV & Rangel, AOSS Review e pili ana i nā noi hou o ke kelepona capillary waveguide wai i nā ʻano hana loiloi e pili ana i ke kahe e hoʻonui i ka ʻike o nā ʻano ʻike spectroscopic.ʻO Pascoa, RNMJ, Toth, IV a me Rangel, AOSS He loiloi o nā hoʻohana hou o ke kelepona capillary waveguide wai i nā ʻano hana loiloi kahe e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka ʻike o nā ʻano ʻike spectroscopic. Páscoa, RNMJ, Tóth, IV & Rangel, AOSS回顾液体波导毛细管单元在基于流动的分析技术中的最新应用，以提高光谱新。 Páscoa, rnmj, tóth, IV & rangel, aoss.方法 的。。。 方法 的。。灵敏度 灵敏度 灵敏度 灵敏度 灵敏度 灵敏度 灵敏度 灵敏度 灵敏度 灵敏度 纵敏度 纵度灵敏度 灵敏度 灵敏度 灵敏度 灵敏度 灵敏度 灵敏度ʻO Pascoa, RNMJ, Toth, IV a me Rangel, AOSS He loiloi o nā noi hou o nā cell capillary waveguide wai i nā ʻano loiloi e pili ana i ke kahe e hoʻonui i ka ʻike o nā ʻano ʻike spectroscopic.anus. Chim. Kānāwai 739, 1-13 (2012).
ʻO Wen, T., Gao, J., Zhang, J., Bian, B. & Shen, J. Noiʻi ʻana i ka mānoanoa o nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni Ag, AgI i loko o ke capillary no nā waveguides hakahaka. ʻO Wen, T., Gao, J., Zhang, J., Bian, B. & Shen, J. Noiʻi ʻana i ka mānoanoa o nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni Ag, AgI i loko o ke capillary no nā waveguides hakahaka.ʻO Wen T., Gao J., Zhang J., Bian B. lāua ʻo Shen J. Noiʻi ʻana i ka mānoanoa o nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni Ag, AgI i loko o ke capillary no nā hollow waveguides. Wen, T., Gao, J., Zhang, J., Bian, B. & Shen, J. 中空波导毛细管中Ag、AgI 薄膜厚度的研究。 Wen, T., Gao, J., Zhang, J., Bian, B. & Shen, J. Noiʻi ʻana i ka mānoanoa o ka ʻili lahilahi o Ag a me AgI i loko o ka ʻauwai ea.ʻO Wen T., Gao J., Zhang J., Bian B. lāua ʻo Shen J. Noiʻi ʻana i ka mānoanoa o ka ʻili lahilahi Ag, AgI i loko o nā capillaries waveguide hakahaka.ʻIke kino infrared. ʻenehana 42, 501–508 (2001).
ʻO Gimbert, LJ, Haygarth, PM & Worsfold, PJ Ka hoʻoholo ʻana i nā ʻano nanomolar o ka phosphate i loko o nā wai kūlohelohe me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka injection kahe me kahi cell capillary waveguide wai lōʻihi o ke ala lōʻihi a me ka ʻike spectrophotometric solid-state. ʻO Gimbert, LJ, Haygarth, PM & Worsfold, PJ Ka hoʻoholo ʻana i nā ʻano nanomolar o ka phosphate i loko o nā wai kūlohelohe me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka injection kahe me kahi cell capillary waveguide wai lōʻihi o ke ala lōʻihi a me ka ʻike spectrophotometric solid-state.ʻO Gimbert, LJ, Haygarth, PM a me Worsfold, PJ Ka hoʻoholo ʻana i nā ʻano nanomolar phosphate i loko o nā wai kūlohelohe me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka injection kahe me kahi cell capillary waveguide wai a me ka ʻike spectrophotometric solid-state. Gimbert, LJ, Haygarth, PM & Worsfold, PJ使用流动注射和长光程液体波导毛细管和固态分光光度检测法测定天然水中纳摩尔浓度的磷酸盐。 ʻO Gimbert, LJ, Haygarth, PM & Worsfold, PJ Ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ka nui o ka phosphate i loko o ka wai kūlohelohe me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi syringe wai a me ka paipu capillary waveguide wai lōʻihi.ʻO Gimbert, LJ, Haygarth, PM a me Worsfold, PJ Ka hoʻoholo ʻana o ka nanomolar phosphate i loko o ka wai kūlohelohe me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kahe injection a me ke alakaʻi nalu capillary me ke ala optical lōʻihi a me ka ʻike spectrophotometric solid-state.Taranta 71, 1624–1628 (2007).
ʻO Belz, M., Dress, P., Sukhitskiy, A. & Liu, S. Linearity a me ke ala optical kūpono o nā cell capillary waveguide wai. ʻO Belz, M., Dress, P., Sukhitskiy, A. & Liu, S. Linearity a me ke ala optical kūpono o nā cell capillary waveguide wai.ʻO Belz M., Dress P., Suhitsky A. lāua ʻo Liu S. Linearity a me ka lōʻihi o ke ala optical kūpono i nā alakaʻi nalu wai i loko o nā pūnaewele capillary. Belz, M., Lole, P., Sukhitskiy, A. & Liu, S. 液体波导毛细管细胞的线性和有效光程长度。 ʻO Belz, M., Dress, P., Sukhitskiy, A. & Liu, S. ʻO ke linearity a me ka lōʻihi kūpono o ka wai wai.ʻO Belz M., Dress P., Suhitsky A. lāua ʻo Liu S. Ka lōʻihi o ke ala optical linear a me ka maikaʻi i ka nalu wai o ke kelepona capillary.SPIE 3856, 271–281 (1999).
ʻO Dallas, T. & Dasgupta, PK Mālamalama ma ka hopena o ke tunnel: nā noi loiloi hou o nā alakaʻi nalu wai-core. ʻO Dallas, T. & Dasgupta, PK Mālamalama ma ka hopena o ke tunnel: nā noi loiloi hou o nā alakaʻi nalu wai-core.ʻO Dallas, T. lāua ʻo Dasgupta, PK Mālamalama ma ka hopena o ke tunnel: nā noi loiloi hou o nā alakaʻi nalu wai-core. Dallas, T. & Dasgupta, PK Māmā ma ka hope o ka tunnel：液芯波导的最新分析应用。 Dallas, T. & Dasgupta, PK Māmā ma ka hope o ka tunnel：液芯波导的最新分析应用。ʻO Dallas, T. lāua ʻo Dasgupta, PK Mālamalama ma ka hopena o ke tunnel: ka noi loiloi hou loa o nā alakaʻi nalu wai-core.TrAC, ka loiloi ʻana o ke au. Kemika. 23, 385–392 (2004).
ʻO Ellis, PS, Gentle, BS, Grace, MR & McKelvie, ID He pūnaewele ʻike photometric no ka nānā ʻana i ke kahe ʻana o ke kahe. ʻO Ellis, PS, Gentle, BS, Grace, MR & McKelvie, ID He pūnaewele ʻike photometric no ka nānā ʻana i ke kahe ʻana o ke kahe.ʻO Ellis, PS, Gentle, BS, Grace, MR lāua ʻo McKelvey, ID Universal photometric total internal reflection cell no ka nānā ʻana i ke kahe ʻana. Ellis, PS, Gentle, BS, Grace, MR & McKelvie, ID 用于流量分析的多功能全内反射光度检测池。 ʻO Ellis, PS, ʻAloha, BS, Grace, MR & McKelvie, IDʻO Ellis, PS, Gentle, BS, Grace, MR lāua ʻo McKelvey, ID Universal TIR photometric cell no ka nānā ʻana i ke kahe ʻana.Taranta 79, 830–835 (2009).
ʻO Ellis, PS, Lyddy-Meaney, AJ, Worsfold, PJ & McKelvie, ID Multi-reflection photometric flow cell no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka loiloi injection kahe o nā wai estuarine. ʻO Ellis, PS, Lyddy-Meaney, AJ, Worsfold, PJ & McKelvie, ID Multi-reflection photometric flow cell no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka loiloi injection kahe o nā wai estuarine.ʻO Ellis, PS, Liddy-Minnie, AJ, Worsfold, PJ lāua ʻo McKelvey, ID He cell kahe photometric multi-reflectance no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka nānā ʻana i ke kahe o nā wai estuarine. Ellis, PS, Lyddy-Meaney, AJ, Worsfold, PJ & McKelvie, ID 多反射光度流动池，用于河口水域的流动注入分析。 ʻO Ellis, PS, Lyddy-Meaney, AJ, Worsfold, PJ & McKelvie, ID.ʻO Ellis, PS, Liddy-Minnie, AJ, Worsfold, PJ lāua ʻo McKelvey, ID He cell kahe photometric multi-reflectance no ka nānā ʻana i ka hoʻokomo kahe ʻana i nā wai estuarine.anus Chim. Acta 499, 81-89 (2003).
Pan, J.-Z., Yao, B. & Fang, Q. Photometer paʻa lima e pili ana i ka ʻike ʻana i ka waveguide absorption wai-core no nā laʻana nanoliter-scale. Pan, J.-Z., Yao, B. & Fang, Q. Photometer paʻa lima e pili ana i ka ʻike ʻana i ka waveguide absorption wai-core no nā laʻana nanoliter-scale.ʻO Pan, J.-Z., Yao, B. a me Fang, K. He photometer paʻa lima e pili ana i ka ʻike ʻana i ka nalu omo wai-core no nā laʻana nanoliter-scale. Pan, J. -Z., Yao, B. & Fang, Q. 基于液芯波导吸收检测的纳升级样品手持光度计。 Pan, J.-Z., Yao, B. & Fang, Q. Ma muli o 液芯波波水水水油法的纳法手手手持光度计。ʻO Pan, J.-Z., Yao, B. a me Fang, K. He photometer paʻa lima me kahi hāpana nanoscale e pili ana i ka ʻike ʻana o ka omo ʻana i loko o kahi nalu kumu wai.Kemika anus. 82, 3394–3398 (2010).
Zhang, J.-Z. E hoʻonui i ka ʻike o ka nānā ʻana i ke kahe ʻana o ka injection ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi cell kahe capillary me kahi ala optical lōʻihi no ka ʻike spectrophotometric. anus. ka ʻepekema. 22, 57–60 (2006).
ʻO D'Sa, EJ & Steward, RG Liquid capillary waveguide application in absorbance spectroscopy (Pane i ka manaʻo na Byrne lāua ʻo Kaltenbacher). ʻO D'Sa, EJ & Steward, RG Liquid capillary waveguide application in absorbance spectroscopy (Pane i ka manaʻo na Byrne lāua ʻo Kaltenbacher).ʻO D'Sa, EJ lāua ʻo Steward, RG Nā noi o nā alakaʻi nalu capillary wai i ka spectroscopy absorption (Pane i nā manaʻo na Byrne lāua ʻo Kaltenbacher). D'Sa, EJ & Steward, RG 液体毛细管波导在吸收光谱中的应用（回复Byrne 和Kaltenbacher 的评论）。 D'Sa, EJ & Steward, RG No ka wai 毛绿波波对在absorption spectrum（回复Byrne和Kaltenbacher的评论）.ʻO D'Sa, EJ lāua ʻo Steward, RG Nā alakaʻi nalu capillary wai no ka spectroscopy absorption (i ka pane ʻana i nā manaʻo a Byrne lāua ʻo Kaltenbacher).limonol. Luna ʻIke Moana. 46, 742–745 (2001).
ʻO Khijwania, SK & Gupta, BD Fiber optic evanescent field absorption sensor: Hopena o nā palena fiber a me ke geometry o ka probe. ʻO Khijwania, SK & Gupta, BD Fiber optic evanescent field absorption sensor: Hopena o nā palena fiber a me ke geometry o ka probe.ʻO Hijvania, SK lāua ʻo Gupta, BD Fiber Optic Evanescent Field Absorption Sensor: Ka Mana o nā Fiber Parameters a me ke ʻAno Hana Probe. Khijwania, SK & Gupta, BD 光纤倏逝场吸收传感器：光纤参数和探头几何形状的影响。 ʻO Khijwania, SK & Gupta, BDʻO Hijvania, SK lāua ʻo Gupta, BD Nā mea ʻike fiber optic absorption kahua evanescent: ka mana o nā palena fiber a me ke ʻano probe.ʻO Optics a me nā Uila Kuantum 31, 625–636 (1999).
ʻO Biedrzycki, S., Buric, MP, Falk, J. & Woodruff, SD Ka hoʻopuka angular o nā mea ʻike Raman waveguide hakahaka, i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ka metala. ʻO Biedrzycki, S., Buric, MP, Falk, J. & Woodruff, SD Ka hoʻopuka angular o nā mea ʻike Raman waveguide hakahaka, i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ka metala.ʻO Bedjitsky, S., Burich, MP, Falk, J. a me Woodruff, SD Ka hoʻopuka angular o nā mea ʻike Raman hollow waveguide me ka uhi metala. Biedrzycki, S., Buric, MP, Falk, J. & Woodruff, SD 空心金属内衬波导拉曼传感器的角输出。 Biedrzycki, S., Buric, MP, Falk, J. & Woodruff, SD.ʻO Bedjitsky, S., Burich, MP, Falk, J. a me Woodruff, SD Ka hoʻopuka angular o kahi sensor Raman me kahi alakaʻi nalu metala ʻōlohelohe.noi e koho 51, 2023-2025 (2012).
ʻO Harrington, JA He ʻike holoʻokoʻa o nā alakaʻi nalu hakahaka no ka hoʻoili IR. hoʻohui fiber. e koho. 19, 211–227 (2000).