Mugihe utegura uburyo bwo kuvoma igitutu, injeniyeri wabigenewe azagaragaza kenshi ko imiyoboro ya sisitemu igomba guhuza nigice kimwe cyangwa byinshi bya ASME B31 Umuyoboro w’ingutu. Nigute abashakashatsi bakurikiza neza ibisabwa nibisabwa mugihe bategura sisitemu yo kuvoma?
Ubwa mbere, injeniyeri agomba guhitamo igishushanyo mbonera kigomba gutoranywa.Kuburyo bwo kuvoma igitutu, ntabwo byanze bikunze bigarukira kuri ASME B31.Ayandi ma code yatanzwe na ASME, ANSI, NFPA, cyangwa andi mashyirahamwe ayobora ashobora kugengwa nu mushinga, gusaba, n'ibindi. Muri ASME B31, kuri ubu hari ibice birindwi bitandukanye mubikorwa.
ASME B31.1 Imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi: Iki gice gikubiyemo imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi, inganda n’inganda, sisitemu yo gushyushya imashanyarazi, hamwe na sisitemu yo gushyushya no gukonjesha hagati no mu turere.Ibi bikubiyemo ibyuma byo hanze biva hanze ndetse n’ibidatetse hanze bikoreshwa mu gushyiramo ibyuma bya ASME Icyiciro cya mbere.Iki gice ntikurikizwa ku bikoresho bitwikiriwe na ASME Boiler hamwe n’igitutu cy’ibicuruzwa 100. ASME B31.1. Inkomoko ya ASME B31.1 irashobora guhera mu myaka ya za 1920, hamwe n’igitabo cya mbere cyashyizwe ahagaragara mu 1935. Menya ko igitabo cya mbere, harimo n’imigereka, kitari munsi y’impapuro 30, kandi ubu kikaba gifite impapuro zirenga 300.
ASME B31.3 Gutunganya inzira: Iki gice gikubiyemo imiyoboro munganda; imiti, imiti, imyenda, impapuro, semiconductor, nibihingwa bya kirogenike; hamwe nibihingwa bitunganya hamwe na terefone. Iki gice kirasa cyane na ASME B31.1, cyane cyane iyo ubaze umubyimba ntarengwa wurukuta rwumuyoboro ugororotse. Iki gice cyambere cyari igice cya B31.1 kandi cyasohotse bwa mbere ukwa 1959.
ASME B31.4 Sisitemu yo Gutwara Imiyoboro ya Liquids na Slurry: Iki gice gikubiyemo imiyoboro itwara ibicuruzwa biva mu mazi cyane cyane hagati y’ibimera n’ibimera, ndetse no muri za terefone, kuvoma, gutunganya, no gupima sitasiyo. Iki gice cyari igice cya B31.1 kandi cyasohotse bwa mbere mu 1959.
ASME B31.5 Ibikoresho byo gukonjesha no guhererekanya ubushyuhe: Iki gice gikubiyemo imiyoboro ya firigo na firimu ya kabiri. Iki gice cyambere cyari igice cya B31.1 kandi cyasohotse bwa mbere mu 1962.
ASME B31.8 Uburyo bwo kohereza no gukwirakwiza gazi: Ibi bikubiyemo imiyoboro yo gutwara cyane cyane ibicuruzwa biva mu kirere hagati y’amasoko na terefone, harimo compressor, kondereti hamwe n’ibipimo; no gukusanya gazi. Iki gice cyambere cyari igice cya B31.1 kandi cyasohotse bwa mbere ukwa 1955.
ASME B31.9 Serivisi ishinzwe kubaka: Iki gice gikubiyemo imiyoboro ikunze kuboneka mu nganda, ibigo, ubucuruzi, n’inyubako rusange; n'amazu yibice byinshi bidasaba ubunini, umuvuduko, nubushyuhe buringaniye muri ASME B31.1.Iki gice gisa na ASME B31.1 na B31.3, ariko ntigikoreshwa cyane (cyane cyane iyo kibara uburebure bwurukuta ruto) kandi kirimo ibisobanuro bike.Bigarukira kumuvuduko muke, ubushyuhe buke nkuko bigaragara muri ASME B31.9 paragarafu ya 900.1.2.Ibi.
ASME B31.12 Kuvoma no kuvoma hydrogène: Iki gice gikubiyemo imiyoboro ya serivisi ya hydrogène ya gaze na gaze, hamwe no kuvoma muri serivisi ya hydrogène ya gaze. Iki gice cyasohotse bwa mbere muri 2008.
Ni ikihe gishushanyo mbonera kigomba gukoreshwa kireba nyir'ubwite. Intangiriro ya ASME B31 igira iti: "Ni inshingano za nyir'ubwite guhitamo igice kode igereranya cyane no gushyiraho imiyoboro yatanzwe." Rimwe na rimwe, “ibice byinshi byimyandikire irashobora gukoreshwa mubice bitandukanye byubushakashatsi.”
Igitabo cya 2012 cya ASME B31.1 kizaba nk'ibanze mu biganiro bizakurikiraho.Intego yiyi ngingo ni iyo kuyobora injeniyeri wagenwe binyuze mu ntambwe zingenzi zingenzi mugushushanya uburyo bwa ASME B31 bwujuje ibyangombwa. Gukurikiza umurongo ngenderwaho wa ASME B31.1 bitanga ishusho nziza yuburyo bukoreshwa muri ASME B31.3 cyangwa B3. Porogaramu, cyane cyane kuri sisitemu cyangwa porogaramu zihariye, kandi ntizizaganirwaho hejuru.Mu gihe intambwe zingenzi mubikorwa byo gushushanya zizagaragazwa hano, iki kiganiro nticyuzuye kandi code yuzuye igomba guhora yerekanwe mugihe cya sisitemu.Ibyanditswe byose byanditse kuri ASME B31.1 keretse bivuzwe ukundi.
Nyuma yo guhitamo kode iboneye, uwashizeho sisitemu agomba kandi gusuzuma ibyasabwe muburyo bwihariye bwa sisitemu.Igika cya 122 (Igice cya 6) gitanga ibisabwa byubushakashatsi bujyanye na sisitemu ikunze kuboneka mu miyoboro ikoreshwa n’amashanyarazi, nk'amazi, amazi yo kugaburira, guhuha no guturika, imiyoboro y’ibikoresho, hamwe na sisitemu yo gutabara igitutu.ASME B31.3 ikubiyemo ibika bisa nkibisabwa na sisitemu ya ASME B31.1. Kugenwa hagati yumubiri, kubitsa hanze, hamwe no kudatekesha hanze byahujwe na ASME Igice cya I. ibisobanuro.Figure 2 yerekana izo mbogamizi zokubika ingoma.
Igishushanyo mbonera cya sisitemu kigomba kumenya umuvuduko nubushyuhe sisitemu izakoreramo nuburyo sisitemu igomba gutegurwa kugirango ihuze.
Dukurikije igika cya 101.2, umuvuduko wimbere wimbere ntushobora kuba munsi yumuvuduko mwinshi wakazi (MSOP) murwego rwo kuvoma imiyoboro, harimo n'ingaruka z'umutwe uhagaze.Imiyoboro ikorerwa igitutu cyo hanze igomba gutegurwa kumuvuduko mwinshi utandukanye uteganijwe gukora, guhagarika cyangwa kugerageza. Byongeye kandi, ingaruka z’ibidukikije zigomba gusuzumwa. Dukurikije ingingo ya 101.4, niba gukonjesha kw'amazi bishobora kuba bigabanya umuvuduko w'amazi mu kirere. bizafatwa kugirango icyuho kibeho.Mu bihe aho kwaguka kwamazi bishobora kongera umuvuduko, sisitemu yo kuvoma igomba gutegurwa kugirango ihangane n’umuvuduko wiyongereye cyangwa hagomba gufatwa ingamba zo kugabanya umuvuduko ukabije.
Guhera mu gice cya 101.3.2, ubushyuhe bwicyuma mugushushanya imiyoboro igomba kuba ihagarariye ibihe byateganijwe byateganijwe. Kubworoshye, muri rusange hafatwa ko ubushyuhe bwicyuma bungana nubushyuhe bwamazi. Niba ubishaka, ubushyuhe bwicyuma burashobora gukoreshwa mugihe ubushyuhe bwurukuta rwo hanze buzwi.Ibintu byihariye bigomba kwitabwaho kumazi akururwa nubushyuhe bukabije cyangwa mubikoresho bitwikwa kugirango harebwe ubushyuhe bukabije.
Akenshi, abashushanya bongeramo umutekano muke ntarengwa wakazi hamwe na / cyangwa ubushyuhe.Ubunini bwikigereranyo bushingiye kubisabwa.Ni ngombwa kandi gutekereza ku mbogamizi zifatika mugihe cyo kumenya ubushyuhe bwashushanyije. Kugaragaza ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwo hejuru (burenze 750 F) bushobora gusaba ko hakoreshwa ibikoresho byifashishwa aho kuba ibyuma bisanzwe bya karubone.Ibiciro byingutu byingutu byingirakamaro kuri buri kintu cya FP. guhura nicyuma cya karubone kubushyuhe buri hejuru ya 800 F birashobora gutuma umuyoboro uba karubone, bigatuma irushaho gucika intege kandi ikananirwa gutsindwa.Niba ikorera hejuru ya 800 F, ibyangiritse byihuta byihuta bifitanye isano nicyuma cya karubone nabyo bigomba gutekerezwa. Reba paragarafu ya 124 kugirango uganire byuzuye kubipimo byubushyuhe bwibintu.
Rimwe na rimwe, injeniyeri zirashobora kandi kwerekana igitutu cyibizamini kuri buri sisitemu. Igika cya 137 gitanga ubuyobozi kubijyanye no gupima imihangayiko. Mubisanzwe, ibizamini bya hydrostatike bizerekanwa inshuro 1.5 igitutu cyo gushushanya; icyakora, guhangayikishwa na hop na longitudinal mu miyoboro ntibishobora kurenga 90% byimbaraga zumusaruro wibikoresho mu gika cya 102.3.3 (B) mugihe cyikizamini cyumuvuduko.Kuburyo bumwe na bumwe butari bwo gutekesha imiyoboro yo hanze, kugerageza kumeneka muri serivisi birashobora kuba uburyo bwiza bwo kugenzura ibimeneka kubera ingorane zo gutandukanya ibice bya sisitemu, cyangwa gusa kuberako iboneza rya sisitemu ryemerera gukora ibizamini byoroshye mugihe cya serivisi yambere. Byumvikanyweho, ibi biremewe.
Ibishushanyo mbonera bimaze gushyirwaho, imiyoboro irashobora gutomorwa. Ikintu cya mbere cyo gufata umwanzuro nicyo kintu cyo gukoresha.Nkuko byavuzwe haruguru, ibikoresho bitandukanye bifite imipaka itandukanye yubushyuhe.Igika cya 105 gitanga izindi mbogamizi kubikoresho bitandukanye byo mu miyoboro itandukanye. Ruswa (FAC) ni isuri / ruswa yagaragaye ko itera inkuta zikomeye no kunanirwa kw'imiyoboro muri zimwe muri sisitemu zikomeye zikoreshwa mu miyoboro. Kunanirwa gutekereza neza kunanura ibice by'amazi bishobora kandi byagize ingaruka zikomeye, nko mu 2007 igihe umuyoboro wa desuperhating kuri sitasiyo ya KCP & L waturika, ugahitana abakozi batatu.
Ikigereranyo cya 7 hamwe n’ikigereranyo cya 9 mu gika cya 104.1.1 gisobanura byibuze uburebure bwurukuta rusabwa hamwe nigitutu kinini cyimbere cyimbere, kimwe, kumuyoboro ugororotse uterwa nigitutu cyimbere.Ibihinduka muribi bipimo birimo guhangayikishwa cyane (kuva kumugereka wa A), diameter yo hanze yumuyoboro, ibintu bifatika (nkuko bigaragara mumurongo wa 104.1.2 (A)), hamwe nubunini bwinyongera bwerekana, nkuko byavuzwe haruguru). Birashobora kuba inzira itera ishobora kuba irimo umuvuduko wamazi, kugabanuka k'umuvuduko, hamwe no kuvoma no kuvoma. Hatitawe kubisabwa, uburebure bwurukuta ntarengwa busabwa bugomba kugenzurwa.
Amafaranga yinyongera yububasha arashobora kongerwaho kugirango yishyure kubwimpamvu zitandukanye zirimo na FAC.Impano zirashobora gusabwa kubera kuvanaho insinga, uduce, nibindi bikoresho bisabwa kugirango uhuze imashini. Dukurikije igika cya 102.4.2, amafaranga ntarengwa agomba kuba angana nuburebure bwurudodo hiyongereyeho kwihanganira imashini. 102.4.
Umugereka wa IV utabishaka utanga ubuyobozi kubijyanye no kurwanya ruswa. Kwirinda kurinda, kurinda cathodiki, no kwigunga amashanyarazi (nko gukingira flanges) nuburyo bwose bwo gukumira kwangirika kw’imiyoboro yashyinguwe cyangwa yarohamye. Inhibitori ya ruswa cyangwa imirongo irashobora gukoreshwa kugirango hirindwe kwangirika kwamazi nyuma yo gupimwa amazi meza kandi yuzuye, amazi yipimisha amazi meza.
Umubare ntarengwa wurukuta rwumubyimba cyangwa ingengabihe isabwa kubarwa byabanje ntibishobora guhora hejuru yumurambararo wa pipe kandi birashobora gusaba ibisobanuro kuri gahunda zitandukanye kuri diametre zitandukanye.
Mugihe ugaragaza ibikoresho byumuyoboro no gukora ibarwa ryaganiriweho mbere, ni ngombwa kwemeza ko indangagaciro ntarengwa zemewe zikoreshwa mukubara zihuye nibikoresho byagenwe.Urugero, niba umuyoboro w'icyuma A312 304L udafite ibyuma bitagira umuyonga, A312 304 umuyoboro wibyuma bitagira umuyonga, uburebure bwurukuta bwatanzwe burashobora kuba budahagije kubera itandukaniro rikomeye ryibintu byemewe byerekanwa hagati yuburyo bubiri. ntarengwa ntarengwa byemewe guhangayikishwa numuyoboro udafite ubudodo ukoreshwa mukubara, umuyoboro utagira kashe ugomba gutondekwa.Ubundi, uwabikoze / ushyiraho arashobora gutanga umuyoboro wogoswe, ushobora kuvamo uburebure bwurukuta rudahagije kubera agaciro gake gashobora kwemerwa.
Kurugero, tuvuge ko ubushyuhe bwubushakashatsi bwumuyoboro ari 300 F naho igitutu cyo gushushanya ni 1200 psig.2 ″ na 3 ″ .Icyuma kizakoreshwa nicyuma cya karubone (A53 Grade B idafite icyerekezo). Hitamo gahunda iboneye yo kwerekana ibyangombwa bisabwa na ASME B31.1 Ikigereranyo cya 9.Bwa mbere, imiterere yuburyo bwasobanuwe:
Ibikurikira, menya agaciro ntarengwa byemewe guhangayikishwa na A53 Icyiciro cya B hejuru yubushyuhe bwo hejuru uhereye kumeza A-1. Menya ko agaciro k'umuyoboro utagira kashe gakoreshwa kuko umuyoboro udafite kashe:
Amafaranga yo kubyibuha nayo agomba kongerwaho.Ku iyi porogaramu, 1/16 cm. Amafaranga yo kwangirika arafatwa.Kwihanganira gusya gutandukanye bizongerwaho nyuma.
Santimetero 3. Umuyoboro uzasobanurwa mbere. Dufashe Gahunda ya 40 ya 40 hamwe no kwihanganira gusya 12.5%, bara igitutu ntarengwa:
Gahunda 40 umuyoboro urashimishije kuri santimetero 3.tube mubihe byashushanyije byavuzwe haruguru. Ibikurikira, reba santimetero 2.Umuyoboro ukoresha ibitekerezo bimwe:
Santimetero 2.Mu bihe byashushanyije byavuzwe haruguru, imiyoboro izakenera uburebure bwurukuta rwinshi kurenza Gahunda 40. Gerageza santimetero 2. Gahunda ya 80 Imiyoboro:
Mugihe uburebure bwurukuta rwumuyoboro aribintu bigabanya imbogamizi mugushushanya igitutu, biracyakenewe kugenzura niba ibikoresho, ibice hamwe nibihuza bikoreshwa bikwiranye nuburyo bwateganijwe.
Nkuko bisanzwe, dukurikije ibika 104.2, 104.7.1, 106 na 107, indangagaciro zose, ibyuma hamwe nibindi bikoresho birimo umuvuduko ukorerwa ku bipimo biri ku mbonerahamwe ya 126.1 bizafatwa nkibikwiriye gukoreshwa mu bihe bisanzwe by’imikorere cyangwa munsi y’ibipimo ngenderwaho by’ubushyuhe bwerekanwe mu .Abakoresha bagomba kumenya ko niba ibipimo bimwe na bimwe cyangwa ibicuruzwa bishobora gushyiraho imipaka itajenjetse.
Ku masangano y'imiyoboro, tees, transvers, umusaraba, guhuza amashami asudira, nibindi, bikozwe mubipimo biri ku mbonerahamwe ya 126.1 birasabwa.Mu bihe bimwe na bimwe, ihuriro ry'imiyoboro rishobora gukenera guhuza amashami yihariye.
Kugirango woroshye igishushanyo, uwashushanyije arashobora guhitamo gushyiraho imiterere yubushakashatsi hejuru kugirango yuzuze igipimo cya flange cyurwego runaka rwingutu (urugero: ASME icyiciro cya 150, 300, nibindi) nkuko byasobanuwe nicyiciro cyumuvuduko wubushyuhe bwibikoresho byihariye bisobanurwa muri ASME B16 .5 Imiyoboro ya flanges hamwe nuduce twa flange, cyangwa ibipimo bisa biri kurutonde rwimbonerahamwe cyangwa ibindi bidakenewe mubikuta bitari ngombwa.
Igice cyingenzi cyogushushanya imiyoboro ni ukureba ko uburinganire bwimiterere ya sisitemu ya pipine bugumaho iyo hashyizweho ingaruka zumuvuduko, ubushyuhe nimbaraga zo hanze.Ubusugire bwimiterere ya sisitemu akenshi birengagizwa mugushushanya kandi, niba bidakozwe neza, birashobora kuba kimwe mubice bihenze mubishushanyo mbonera.
Igika cya 104.8 cyerekana urutonde rwibanze rwimikorere ikoreshwa kugirango hamenyekane niba sisitemu ya pipine irenze code yemerewe guhangayikishwa.Iyi miterere ya code ikunze kwitwa imizigo ikomeza, imizigo rimwe na rimwe, hamwe nu mutwaro wo kwimurwa. Umutwaro urambye ningaruka zumuvuduko nuburemere kuri sisitemu yo gutwara imiyoboro. icyarimwe, buri mutwaro wimpanuka uzaba ikibazo cyumutwaro mugihe cyo gusesengura.Imizigo yo gusimburwa ningaruka zo gukura kwubushyuhe, kwimura ibikoresho mugihe gikora, cyangwa ikindi kintu cyose cyimurwa.
Igika cya 119 kivuga uburyo bwo kwagura imiyoboro no guhinduka muri sisitemu yo kuvoma nuburyo bwo kumenya imitwaro ya reaction.Ihinduka rya sisitemu yo kuvoma akenshi ni ingenzi cyane muguhuza ibikoresho, kuko guhuza ibikoresho byinshi bishobora gusa kwihanganira imbaraga nkeya nigihe cyakoreshejwe aho bihurira.Mu bihe byinshi, ubwiyongere bwubushyuhe bwa sisitemu ya pipine bugira ingaruka zikomeye kumitwaro yabyo, bityo rero ni ngombwa kugenzura imikurire yubushyuhe muri sisitemu.
Kugirango habeho guhinduka kwa sisitemu yo kuvoma no kwemeza ko sisitemu ishyigikiwe neza, nibyiza ko dushyigikira imiyoboro yicyuma ukurikije imbonerahamwe ya 121.5.Niba umushushanya yihatiye kubahiriza umwanya usanzwe ushyigikiwe niyi mbonerahamwe, ikora ibintu bitatu: kugabanya uburemere bwikibazo cyo kugabanuka, kugabanya imizigo irambye, kandi byongera uburemere buke bwo kwishyiriraho ibiciro. sag. Hagati yinkunga ya tube. Kugabanya kugabanuka kw-uburemere bifasha kugabanya amahirwe yo kwegeranya mu miyoboro itwara amavuta cyangwa gaze.Gukurikiza ibyifuzo byumwanya biri mu mbonerahamwe ya 121.5 binemerera uwashushanyije kugabanya imihangayiko irambye mu miyoboro igera kuri 50% by agaciro kode ihoraho yemerewe. Ukurikije ikigereranyo cya 1B, guhangayikishwa no kwishyiriraho imitwaro bikabije. kuba minini. Umwanya wasabwe kumiyoboro ya pipe irerekanwa mumashusho 3.
Kugirango dufashe kwemeza ko imiyoboro ya sisitemu itwara imizigo isuzumwa neza kandi ko impungenge za code zujujwe, uburyo busanzwe ni ugukora mudasobwa isesengura mudasobwa igerageza isesengura rya sisitemu.Hariho porogaramu zitandukanye zo gusesengura imiyoboro ihanitse iboneka, nka Bentley AutoPIPE, Intergraph Caesar II, Piping Solutions Tri-Flex, cyangwa kimwe mubindi bikoresho biboneka mubucuruzi byifashisha mudasobwa ikora neza. sisitemu yo kuvoma kugirango igenzurwe byoroshye nubushobozi bwo guhindura impinduka zikenewe muburyo bwa 4Figure 4 yerekana urugero rwo kwerekana no gusesengura igice cyumuyoboro.
Mugihe cyo gutegura sisitemu nshya, abashushanya sisitemu mubisanzwe bagaragaza ko imiyoboro yose hamwe nibigize byose bigomba guhimbwa, gusudira, guteranyirizwa hamwe, nibindi nkuko bisabwa na code iyo ari yo yose ikoreshwa.Nyamara, muri retrofits cyangwa izindi porogaramu, birashobora kugirira akamaro injeniyeri wabigenewe gutanga ubuyobozi kubuhanga runaka bwo gukora, nkuko byasobanuwe mumutwe wa V.
Ikibazo gikunze kugaragara mubisabwa retrofit ni weld preheat (paragarafu ya 131) hamwe no kuvura ubushyuhe nyuma ya weld (paragarafu ya 132) .Mu zindi nyungu, ubwo buryo bwo kuvura ubushyuhe bukoreshwa mukugabanya imihangayiko, kwirinda gucika, no kongera imbaraga za weld.Ibintu bigira ingaruka kubisabwa mbere yo gusudira hamwe na nyuma yo gusudira mubikoresho bikubiyemo urutonde rwa M Umugereka A ufite numero P yagenwe.Ku bushyuhe, paragarafu ya 131 itanga ubushyuhe ntarengwa icyuma fatizo kigomba gushyukwa mbere yo gusudira. Kuri PWHT, Imbonerahamwe 132 itanga urugero rwubushyuhe bwo gufata hamwe nuburebure bwigihe cyo gufata akarere ka weld.Ibipimo byo gushyushya no gukonjesha, uburyo bwo gupima ubushyuhe, uburyo bwo gushyushya, hamwe nubundi buryo bugomba gukurikiza byimazeyo amabwiriza yashyizweho kugirango akurikizwe neza.
Ahandi hantu hashobora guhangayikishwa na sisitemu yo kuvoma igitutu ni imiyoboro ihanamye.Imiyoboro igoramye irashobora gutera urukuta kunanuka, bikavamo uburebure bwurukuta rudahagije. Dukurikije igika cya 102.4.5, kode yemerera kugonda igihe cyose uburebure buke bwurukuta bwujuje formula imwe ikoreshwa mukubara umubyimba muto wurukuta kumiyoboro igororotse. mbere yo kugunama no / cyangwa kuvura nyuma yo kuvura ubushyuhe.Igika cya 129 gitanga ubuyobozi ku gukora inkokora.
Kuri sisitemu nyinshi zo kuvoma, birakenewe gushiraho valve yumutekano cyangwa valve yubutabazi kugirango wirinde gukabya gukabije muri sisitemu.Kuri izi porogaramu, Umugereka wa II utabishaka: Amategeko agenga igishushanyo mbonera cy’umutekano ni ikintu cyiza cyane ariko rimwe na rimwe kikaba kizwi cyane.
Dukurikije igika cya II-1.2, indangagaciro z'umutekano zirangwa nigikorwa gifunguye cyuzuye cya gaze cyangwa serivisi ya parike, mugihe indangagaciro z'umutekano zifungura ugereranije n’umuvuduko uhagaze kandi zikoreshwa cyane cyane muri serivisi zamazi.
Ibice bya valve yumutekano birangwa nimba bifunguye cyangwa bifunze sisitemu yo gusohora.Mu mwuka ufunguye, inkokora ku isohoka rya valve yumutekano ubusanzwe izajya isohoka mu muyoboro uva mu kirere. Mu buryo busanzwe, ibi bizavamo umuvuduko muke winyuma.Niba igitutu gihagije gihagije cyakozwe mumiyoboro isohoka, igice cya gaze isohoka gishobora kwirukanwa cyangwa gusubizwa inyuma kumyuka ihumeka neza. ubutabazi bwa valve isohoka kubera guhumeka ikirere kumurongo wumuyaga, birashobora gutuma imivumba yumuvuduko ikwirakwira.Mu gika cya II-2.2.2, birasabwa ko igitutu cyumurongo wumurongo ufunze gishobora kuba cyikubye inshuro ebyiri kurenza umuvuduko wakazi wa leta uhoraho.Ishusho ya 5 na 6 herekana ko gushyiramo valve yumutekano byafunguye kandi bifunze.
Ibikoresho byumutekano birashobora gukoreshwa ningufu zinyuranye nkuko byavuzwe mu gika cya II-2.Izo mbaraga zirimo ingaruka zo kwagura ubushyuhe, imikoranire yimibumbe myinshi yubutabazi ihita icyarimwe, ingaruka ziterwa na seisimike na / cyangwa vibrasiya, hamwe ningaruka ziterwa nigitutu mugihe cyibikorwa byo gutabara igitutu.Nubwo igitutu cyogushushanya kugera kumasoko yumutekano cyumutekano kigomba guhuza nigishushanyo mbonera cyumuyoboro wamanutse.2 umuvuduko n'umuvuduko ku nkokora yo gusohora, gusohora imiyoboro yinjira, no gusohora imiyoboro isohoka kuri sisitemu yo gufungura no gufunga.Ukoresheje aya makuru, imbaraga zo kubyitwaramo ahantu hatandukanye muri sisitemu yo gusohora zirashobora kubarwa no kubarwa.
Urugero rwikibazo cyo gufungura kumugaragaro gitangwa mu gika cya II-7.Ubundi buryo bubaho bwo kubara ibiranga imigezi muri sisitemu yo gusohora valve, kandi umusomyi arasabwa kugenzura niba uburyo bwakoreshejwe bwita ku buryo buhagije. Bumwe muri ubwo buryo bwasobanuwe na GS Liao muri "Umutekano w’amashanyarazi n’umuvuduko ukabije w’isesengura ry’amatsinda" yasohowe na ASME mu kinyamakuru cy’amashanyarazi, Ukwakira 1975.
Umuyoboro wubutabazi ugomba kuba uri mumwanya muto wumuyoboro ugororotse kure yunamye iyo ari yo yose.Iyi ntera ntoya iterwa na serivisi na geometrie ya sisitemu nkuko byasobanuwe mu gika cya II-5.2.1.Ku byerekeranye n’ibikoresho bifite indangagaciro nyinshi z’ubutabazi, umwanya wateganijwe wo guhuza amashami ya valve biterwa na radiyo y’ishami hamwe n’imiyoboro ya serivisi, nkuko bigaragara mu cyerekezo (10) (c) cy’ibikoresho byashyizwe ku nkunga ya 2-1. imiyoboro aho kuba inyubako zegeranye kugirango hagabanuke ingaruka zo kwaguka k'umuriro no guhuza imitingito. Incamake yibi nibindi bitekerezo byashushanyijeho mugushushanya inteko zumutekano zishobora kuboneka mu gika cya II-5.
Ikigaragara ni uko bidashoboka gukurikiza ibisabwa byose bya ASME B31 murwego rwiyi ngingo.Ariko injeniyeri wese wagenwe wagize uruhare mugushushanya sisitemu yo kuvoma igitutu agomba nibura kuba amenyereye iki gishushanyo mbonera. Twizere ko, hamwe namakuru yavuzwe haruguru, abasomyi bazabona ASME B31 umutungo wingenzi kandi woroshye.
Monte K. Engelkemier ni umuyobozi wumushinga muri Stanley Consultants.Engelkemier ni umunyamuryango wa Iowa Engineering Society, NSPE, na ASME, kandi akora muri komite ya B31.1 y’amashanyarazi ya komite na komite ishinzwe. sisitemu yo kuvoma kubikorwa bitandukanye byingirakamaro, amakomine, ibigo ninganda kandi ni umunyamuryango wa ASME na Iowa Engineering Society.
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