Paunenge uchigadzira dhizaini yepiping system, injinjini yekugadzira inowanzo tsanangura kuti iyo system piping inofanirwa kuenderana nechikamu chimwe kana kupfuura zveASME B31 Pressure Piping Code.Vanjiniya vanonyatsotevedzera sei zvinodikanwa zvekodhi pakugadzira masisitimu epombi?
Kutanga, injinjiniya anofanira kusarudza kuti ndeupi tsanangudzo yekugadzira inofanira kusarudzwa.Nekuda kwekumanikidzika kwepiping systems, izvi hazvirevi kuASME B31.Mamwe makodhi akabudiswa neASME, ANSI, NFPA, kana mamwe masangano anotonga anogona kutungamirirwa nenzvimbo yeprojekti, kushandiswa, nezvimwewo.Mu ASME B31, pane ikozvino zvikamu zvinomwe zvakasiyana zviri kushanda.
ASME B31.1 Electrical Piping: Ichi chikamu chinovhara pombi muzviteshi zvemagetsi, maindasitiri uye zviteshi zvemasangano, geothermal kudziyisa masisitimu, uye yepakati uye yedunhu kudziyisa uye kutonhora masisitimu.Izvi zvinosanganisira bhailer yekunze uye isiri-boiler yekunze pombi inoshandiswa kuisa ASME Section I boilers. 100.1.3 yeASME B31.1.Mavambo eASME B31.1 anogona kurondwa kumashure kumakore ekuma1920, nekutanga kuburitswa muna 1935.Zivai kuti edition yekutanga, kusanganisira apendices, yaive isingasviki mapeji makumi matatu, uye chinyorwa chazvino chakareba mapeji anopfuura mazana matatu.
ASME B31.3 Magadzirirwo Mapombi: Chikamu ichi chinovhara pombi muzvicheneso; makemikari, mishonga, machira, mapepa, semiconductor, uye cryogenic zvirimwa; uye inodyidzana kugadzira zvidyarwa uye materminals.Ichi chikamu chakafanana chaizvo neASME B31.1, kunyanya pakuverenga hushoma hwemadziro ukobvu hwepombi yakatwasuka.Chikamu ichi pakutanga chaive chikamu cheB31.1 uye chakatanga kuburitswa zvakasiyana mu1959.
ASME B31.4 Pipeline Transportation Systems for Liquids and Slurry: Chikamu ichi chinobata pombi dzinotakura zvinhu zvemvura pakati pezvirimwa nematerminals, uye mukati mematerminals, pombi, conditioning, uye metering stations.
ASME B31.5 Refrigeration Piping and Heat Transfer Components: Chikamu ichi chinovhara pombi dzemafiriji uye zvechipiri zvinotonhorera.
ASME B31.8 Gasi Kufambiswa uye Kugovera Piping Systems: Izvi zvinosanganisira pombi kutakura zvakanyanya zvigadzirwa zvegasi pakati pezvinobva nematerminal, zvinosanganisira compressor, conditioning uye mitaro zviteshi; uye kuunganidza gasi pombi.Chikamu ichi pakutanga chaive chikamu cheB31.1 uye chakatanga kuburitswa zvakasiyana muna 1955.
ASME B31.9 Building Services Piping: Chikamu ichi chinobata pombi dzinowanzo wanikwa mumaindasitiri, masangano, ezvokutengeserana, uye zvivakwa zveveruzhinji; uye nzvimbo dzekugara dzemayuniti akawanda dzisingadi ukuru, kudzvanywa, uye tembiricha dzakafukidzwa muASME B31.1.Chikamu ichi chakafanana neASME B31.1 uye B31.3, asi hachina kuchengetedza (kunyanya kana uchiverenga kukora kwemadziro mashoma) uye ine tsanangudzo shoma.Inogumira kune yakaderera kudzvinyirira, yakaderera tembiricha application sezvakaratidzwa muASME B39100 ndima yekutanga yakabudiswa. 1982.
ASME B31.12 Hydrogen Piping and Piping: Chikamu ichi chinobata pombi mugasi uye liquid hydrogen sevhisi, uye pombi mugasi rehydrogen sevhisi. Chikamu ichi chakatanga kuburitswa muna 2008.
Ndeipi kodhi yedhizaini inofanira kushandiswa pakupedzisira inova kumuridzi. Nhanganyaya yeASME B31 inoti, "Ibasa remuridzi wekusarudza chikamu chekodhi chinonyatsoenderana nekuiswa kwepombi kuri kurongwa." Mune zvimwe zviitiko, "zvikamu zvekodhi zvakawanda zvinogona kushanda kune zvikamu zvakasiyana zvekuisa."
The 2012 edition yeASME B31.1 ichashanda sechinyorwa chekutanga chehurukuro dzinotevera.Chinangwa chechinyorwa chino ndechekutungamira injinjini yekusarudza kuburikidza nemamwe nhanho huru mukugadzira ASME B31 inopindirana nekumanikidza pombi system.Kutevedzera nhungamiro yeASME B31.1 inopa kumiririrwa kwakanaka kwegeneral system design.Similar dhizaini yeB3 Nzira dzekugadzira 3 dzakashandiswa. yasara yeASME B31 inoshandiswa mumashandisirwo akamanikana, kunyanya kune mamwe masisitimu kana maapplication, uye haizokurukurwa zvakare.Kunyange zvazvo matanho anokosha mukugadzirisa maitiro achasimbiswa pano, nhaurirano iyi haina kukwana uye kodhi yakakwana inofanira kugara ichitaurwa panguva yekugadzirwa kwehurongwa.Zvose zvinyorwa zvemashoko zvinoreva ASME B31.1 kunze kwekunge zvataurwa neimwe nzira.
Mushure mekusarudza kodeti yakarurama, mugadziri wegadziriro anofanirawo kuongorora chero zvigadziro-zvakananga zvekugadzirisa zvinodiwa.Paragraph 122 (Chikamu 6) inopa zvinodiwa zvekugadzira zvine chokuita nemaitiro anowanzowanikwa mumashandisi epombi emagetsi, zvakadai semhepo, mvura yemvura, blowdown uye blowdown, instrumentation piping, uye hurongwa hwekuyamura kudzvinyirira.ASME B31.3 ine ndima dzakafanana neASME B31.1 ine tsanangudzo shoma mundima 1. system-chaiyo kudzvanywa uye tembiricha zvinodiwa, pamwe neakasiyana masimba ekudzora akatsanangurwa pakati peiyo boiler muviri, boiler ekunze pombi, uye isiri-boiler yekunze pombi yakabatana neASME Chikamu I boiler pombi. tsananguro.Mufananidzo 2 unoratidza izvi zvisingakwanisi zvedhiramu boiler.
Iyo dhizaini yedhizaini inofanirwa kuona kudzvanywa uye tembiricha iyo sisitimu ichashanda uye mamiriro ayo sisitimu inofanirwa kugadzirwa kusangana nayo.
Zvinoenderana nendima 101.2, iyo yemukati dhizaini yekumanikidza haizove yakaderera pane yakanyanya kuenderera mberi kushanda kumanikidza (MSOP) mukati mepombi system, kusanganisira mhedzisiro ye static head.Piping inoiswa kune yekunze kumanikidzwa ichagadzirirwa kune yakanyanya kusiyanisa kudzvinyirirwa kunotarisirwa pasi pekushanda, kuvhara kana bvunzo mamiriro.Mukuwedzera, kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza kunofanirwa kutariswa. Maererano nendima 101.4 kutonhora kuderera kwemvura kunenge kuderedzwa kwemvura kunenge kuchitonhora. atmospheric pressure, pombi ichagadzirirwa kumira kunze kwekumanikidzwa kwekunze kana matanho achatorwa kuti aparadze vacuum.Mumamiriro ezvinhu apo kuwedzera kwemvura kunogona kuwedzera kudzvinyirira, zvirongwa zvepombi zvinofanira kugadzirwa kuti zvigadzirise kuwedzera kwekuwedzera kana matanho anofanira kutorwa kuti abvise kudzvinyirira kwakanyanya.
Kutanga muChikamu 101.3.2, tembiricha yesimbi yekugadzira pombi ichave inomiririra mamiriro anotarisirwa akasimba. Kuti zvive nyore, zvinowanzofungidzirwa kuti tembiricha yesimbi yakaenzana netembiricha yemvura. Kana zvichidikanwa, tembiricha yeavhareji yesimbi inogona kushandiswa chero tembiricha yekunze kwemadziro ichizivikanwa. Kunyanya kutariswa kunofanira kubhadharwa kune zvinwiwa zvinokwevedzwa kuburikidza neyakaomarara tembiricha kubva kune yakaipisisa midziyo yekupisa.
Kazhinji, vagadziri vanowedzera mwero wekuchengetedza kune yakanyanya kumanikidza kushanda uye / kana tembiricha.Kukura kwemargin kunoenderana nechikumbiro.Zvakakoshawo kufunga zvipingamupinyi zvezvinhu pakusarudza tembiricha yekugadzira.Kutsanangura tembiricha yepamusoro yekugadzira (yakakura kupfuura 750 F) ingada kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvealloy kwete iyo yakawanda yakajairwa kabhoni simbi.Kushushikana ukoshi muMandatory zvinhu zvinopihwa kune imwe neimwe tembiricha yekabhoni. simbi inongogona kupa hunhu hwekushushikana hunosvika 800 F.Kugara kwenguva refu kwekabhoni simbi kune tembiricha inopfuura 800 F inogona kukonzera kuti pombi iite carbonize, zvichiita kuti iwedzere kuoma uye kutadza kutadza.Kana ichishanda inopfuura 800 F, kukurumidza kukuvadzwa kwekabhoni kunofanirwa kutariswa.Ona ndima 124 yehurukuro yakazara yezvinogumira tembiricha.
Dzimwe nguva mainjiniya anogonawo kutsanangura kumanikidzwa kwekuedza kune imwe neimwe system.Paragraph 137 inopa hutungamiri pamusoro pekunetseka kwekunetseka.Kazhinji, kuongororwa kwehydrostatic kuchatsanangurwa pa 1.5 nguva yekumanikidza kwekugadzira; zvisinei, hoop uye longitudinal stress mu pombi haifaniri kudarika 90% yesimba regoho rezvinhu zviri mundima 102.3.3 (B) panguva yekuedza kudzvinyirira.Kune mamwe maitiro asina-boiler ekunze kwepiping systems, in-service leak test inogona kuva imwe nzira inoshanda yekutarisa kudonha nekuda kwekuoma kwekuparadzanisa zvikamu zvehurongwa hwekutanga, kana kungobvumira hurongwa hwekugadzirisa hurongwa hwekutanga. Bvumiranai, izvi zvinotenderwa.
Kana mamiriro ekugadzira asimbiswa, pombi inogona kutsanangurwa.Chinhu chekutanga chekusarudza ndechipi chinoshandiswa.Sezvakataurwa kare, zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvine miganhu yekushisa yakasiyana.Ndima 105 inopa zvimwe zvirambidzo pane zvakasiyana-siyana zvepombi zvinhu.Kusarudzwa kwezvinhu kunoenderanawo negadziriro yemvura, yakadai se nickel alloys mu corrosive chemical piping applications, simbi isina tsvina kuti ibudise yakachena chiridzwa mhepo, kana greater 0 kuyerera kune yakakwirira simbi inodzivirira kune yakakwirira ye carbon . accelerated corrosion.Flow Accelerated Corrosion (FAC) chiitiko chekukukurwa/kuora kwakaratidza kukonzeresa kutetepa kwemadziro uye kutadza kushanda kwepombi mune mamwe mapombi akanyanya kuoma.Kutadza kunyatsofunga kutetepa kwezvikamu zvepombi kunogona uye kwakave nemhedzisiro yakaipa, senge muna 2007 apo mapombi maviri emagetsi eKCPN uye kuuraya kwakakomba kwevashandi veKCPN uye kuuraya kwakakomba. kukuvadza wechitatu.
Equation 7 uye Equation 9 mundima 104.1.1 inotsanangura hushoma hunodiwa rusvingo ukobvu uye hukuru hwemukati dhizaini yekumanikidza, zvichiteerana, kune yakatwasuka pombi zvichienderana nekumanikidzwa kwemukati.Kusiyana-siyana mukuenzanisa uku kunosanganisira kushushikana kwakanyanya kunobvumirwa (kubva kune Inosungirwa Kuwedzera A), iyo dhayamita yekunze kwepombi, iyo chinhu chinhu (sezvinoratidzwa muTebhurari 104) uye 2 kuwedzera (sezvinotsanangurwa pazasi). zvakawanda zvakasiyana-siyana zvinobatanidzwa, kutsanangura zvakakodzera pombi zvinhu, dhayamita yezita, uye kukora kwemadziro kunogona kuva nzira inodzokorora iyo inogonawo kusanganisira kukurumidza kwemvura, kudonha kwemhepo, uye kudhura kwepombi uye kupomba.Kusinei nechikumbiro, hushoma hwemadziro hunodiwa hunofanira kuongororwa.
Kuwedzerwa kwemvumo yeukobvu inogona kuwedzerwa kutsiva zvikonzero zvakasiyana zvinosanganisira FAC. Zvibvumirano zvinogona kudiwa nekuda kwekubviswa kweshinda, slots, nezvimwe zvinhu zvinodiwa kugadzira majoini emuchina. Maererano nendima 102.4.2, iyo shoma inobvumirwa ichave yakaenzana nehudzamu hweshinda pamwe nekushivirira kwekugadzira. Allowance inogonawo kudiwa kupa, kuwedzera simba rekudzivirira, kukuvara kwepombi kudzivirira, kukuvadza kwakanyanya, kukuvadza kwepombi. mitoro kana zvimwe zvikonzero zvinokurukurwa mundima 102.4.4. Allowances anogonawo kuwedzerwa kuti chizvidavirire welded majoini (ndima 102.4.3) uye gokora (ndima 102.4.5).Pakupedzisira, tolerances inogona kuwedzerwa kutsiva ngura uye/kana vhu.Kupesana neukuru hweupenyu hweuyo hunotarisirwa huchave huchibvumira. pombi zvinoenderana nendima 102.4.1.
Optional Annex IV inopa hutungamiri pamusoro pekudzivirira.Kudzivirira kwekudzivirira, cathodic kudzivirira, uye magetsi ega ega (akadai se insulating flanges) inzira dzose dzekudzivirira kunze kwekunze kwekuvigwa kana kunyura kwepipelines.Corrosion inhibitors kana liners inogona kushandiswa kudzivirira mukati mukati.Kuchengetedza kunofanirawo kutorwa kushandisa zvakakodzera hydrostatic, hydroping yekuongorora uye kupera kwemvura kana zvichidiwa kuti ishandise mvura yakakwana, hydroping uye kuchenesa mvura. kuedza.
Iyo yakaderera pombi madziro ukobvu kana hurongwa hunodiwa pazviverengero zvakapfuura zvinogona kusagara padhayamita yepombi uye zvingada kutsanangurwa kwezvirongwa zvakasiyana zvemadhayamita akasiyana. Hurongwa hwakakodzera uye ukobvu hwemadziro hunotsanangurwa muASME B36.10 Welded uye Seamless Forged Steel Pipe.
Paunenge uchitsanangura iyo pombi zvinhu uye kuita masvomhu ambotaurwa, zvakakosha kuve nechokwadi kuti iyo yakanyanya kubvumidzwa kushushikana kukosha yakashandiswa mukuverenga inoenderana neyakatsanangurwa zvinhu. Semuenzaniso, kana A312 304L Stainless simbi pombi isina kurongedzerwa se A312 304 Stainless simbi pombi, ukobvu hwemadziro hwakapihwa hunogona kunge husina kukwana nekuda kwekukosha kwekukosha kwezvinhu zviviri. nzira yekugadzira pombi ichave yakanyatsotsanangurwa.Somuenzaniso, kana iyo yakawanda inobvumirwa kushushikana kukosha kwepombi isina musono inoshandiswa pakuverenga, pombi isina musono inofanira kutsanangurwa.Zvikasadaro, mugadziri/mugadziri anogona kupa musono welded pombi, izvo zvingaguma nekusakwana kwemadziro ukobvu nekuda kwekuderera kwakanyanya kunobvumirwa kushushikana kukosha.
Semuyenzaniso, ngatitii tembiricha yekugadzira pombi i300 F uye dhizaini yedhizaini iri 1,200 psig.2″ uye 3″.Carbon steel (A53 Grade B isina seamless) waya ichashandiswa.Tsvaga chirongwa chakakodzera chepombi kuti utsanangure kusangana nezvinodiwa zveASME B31.1 Equation 9.Kutanga, iyo mamiriro ekugadzira anotsanangurwa:
Tevere, tarisa iyo yakanyanya kubvumidzwa kushushikana kukosha kweA53 Giredhi B pane ari pamusoro dhizaini tembiricha kubva Tafura A-1. Ziva kuti kukosha kwepombi isina musono inoshandiswa nekuti pombi isina musono inotsanangurwa:
Hukobvu mvumo inofanirawo kuwedzerwa.Pakushandisa ichi, 1/16 inch.Corrosion allowance inofungidzirwa.A separate milling tolerance ichawedzerwa gare gare.
3 inches. Iyo pombi ichataurwa kutanga. Tichifunga iyo Schedule 40 pombi uye 12.5% ​​kushivirira kwekugaya, verenga iyo yakanyanya kudzvanywa:
Purogiramu 40 pombi inogutsa 3 inches.tube mumamiriro ekugadzirisa anotsanangurwa pamusoro apa.Zvino, tarisa masendimita maviri.Pipeline inoshandisa fungidziro imwechete:
2 inches.Pasi pemamiriro ekugadzira anotsanangurwa pamusoro, iyo pombi inoda kukora kwemadziro ukobvu kupfuura Chirongwa 40.Edza 2 inches.Schedule 80 Pipes:
Nepo ukobvu hwepombi madziro kazhinji chiri chinhu chinodzikamisa dhizaini dhizaini, zvichiri kukosha kuona kuti mafittings, zvikamu uye zvinongedzo zvinoshandiswa zvakakodzerwa neyakatsanangurwa dhizaini mamiriro.
Semutemo wakajairwa, zvinoenderana nendima 104.2, 104.7.1, 106 uye 107, mavharuvhu ese, mafirita uye zvimwe zvinhu zvine kudzvanya zvinogadzirwa zvinoenderana nezviyero zvakanyorwa muTable 126.1 zvichaonekwa zvakakodzera kuti zvishandiswe pasi pemamiriro ekushanda akajairwa kana pasi peaya mazinga anomanikidza-tembiricha kana mamwe magadzirirwo anofanirwa kutaurwa. miganho yakasimba pakutsauka kubva pakushanda kwakajairika pane izvo zvinotsanangurwa muASME B31.1, miganho yakaoma ichashanda.
Pamharadzano dzepombi, ma tee, machinjiro, michinjikwa, majoini akasungwa ebazi, zvichingodaro, akagadzirwa maererano nezviyero zvakanyorwa muTebhura 126.1 zvinokurudzirwa.Pane dzimwe nguva, mharadzano dzepombi dzinogona kuda kubatana kwemapazi akasiyana-siyana.Ganhuro 104.3.1 inopa zvimwe zvinodiwa pakubatanidza mapazi kuti ive nechokwadi chokuti pane zvinhu zvepombi zvakakwana kuti zvimire kumanikidzika.
Kurerutsa dhizaini, mugadziri angasarudza kuseta magadzirirwo emamiriro epamusoro kuti asangane nechiyero cheflange cheimwe kirasi yekumanikidza (eg ASME kirasi 150, 300, zvichingodaro) sezvinotsanangurwa nekirasi yekudzvanya-tembiricha yezvinhu zvakanangana zvakatsanangurwa muASME B16 .5 Pipe flanges uye majoini eflange, kana zviyero zvakafanana zvakanyorwa muTebhura 126 hazvibvumirwe. muhukobvu hwemadziro kana mamwe magadzirirwo echikamu.
Chikamu chakakosha chekugadzirwa kwepombi ndechekuvimbisa kuti kutendeseka kwegadziriro yepombi kunochengetedzwa kana migumisiro yekumanikidzika, tembiricha uye masimba ekunze ashandiswa.System structural integrity inowanzoregererwa mukugadzirisa kwekugadzira uye, kana isina kuitwa zvakanaka, inogona kuva imwe yezvikamu zvinodhura zvekugadzira.Kutendeseka kwemaitiro kunokurukurwa kunyanya munzvimbo mbiri, Pipe04 Pipe; 119: Kuwedzera uye Kuchinja-chinja.
Ndima 104.8 inonyora maitiro emitemo yekodhi inoshandiswa kuona kana pombi yepombi inodarika kodhi inobvumirwa kumanikidzika.Idzi nhamba dzekodhi dzinowanzozivikanwa semitoro inopfuurira, dzimwe nguva mitoro, uye mitoro yekufambisa.Mutoro unotsigirwa ndiwo mugumisiro wekumanikidzika uye uremu pane piping system.Zviitiko zvinotakura zvinhu zvinopfuurira pamwe chete nemitoro inobvira yemhepo, seiter mitoro yenguva pfupi uye mitoro inobvira yemhepo. inofungidzirwa kuti chimwe nechimwe chinotakura chinoshandiswa hachizoiti pane zvimwe zvinhu zvinotakura panguva imwe chete, saka chimwe nechimwe chinotakura chichava chakasiyana chinotakura panguva yekuongorora.
Ndima 119 inotaura nezve mabatiro ekuwedzera kwepombi uye kuchinjika mupombi masisitimu uye kuti ungaziva sei kuita mitoro.Kuchinjika kwepombi masisitimu kunonyanya kukosha mukubatanidza midziyo, sezvo mizhinji yekubatanidza midziyo inogona kungomira kushoma huwandu hwesimba uye nguva inoshandiswa panzvimbo yekubatanidza.Muzviitiko zvakawanda, kukura kwekupisa kwepombi system kune mhedzisiro yakakura pane yekupindura mutoro mukutonga kwakakosha, saka iyo inonyanya kukosha.
Kugadzirisa kushanduka kwepiping system uye kuve nechokwadi kuti hurongwa hunotsigirwa zvakakodzera, itsika yakanaka kutsigira mapaipi esimbi maererano neTable Table 121.5.Kana mugadziri anoedza kusangana netsika yekutsigira nzvimbo yetafura iyi, inoita zvinhu zvitatu: inoderedza kuzvidzora kwehuremu, inoderedza mitoro yakagadzikana, uye inowedzera mitoro inowanika kutsigirwa maererano nedhizaini. 121.5, zvinozoita kuti pave isingasviki 1/8 inch ye self-weight displacement kana sag.between the tube supports.Minimizing self-weight deflection inobatsira kuderedza mukana we condensation mumapombi anotakura steam kana gasi.Kutevera kupatsanurwa kwepakati muTable 121.5 kunobvumirawo mugadziri kuderedza kuenderera kune inoenderera mberi kwepiping ye50% kukosha.Maererano neEquation 1B, kushushikana kunobvumirwa kwekutakura mitoro kunopesana nekutakura kwakasimba.Nokudaro, nekuderedza mutoro wakaramba uripo, kushivirira kwekushungurudzika kwekutama kunogona kuwedzerwa.Iyo nzvimbo yakakurudzirwa yezvitsigiro zvepombi inoratidzwa muMufananidzo 3.
Kubatsira kuve nechokwadi chekuti piping system reaction mitoro inotariswa zvakanaka uye kuti kushushikana kwekodhi kunowanikwa, nzira yakajairika ndeyekuita komputa-inobatsira piping stress analysis of the system.Kune akawanda akasiyana pipeline stress analysis software mapakeji anowanikwa, akadai seBentley AutoPIPE, Intergraph Caesar II, Piping Solutions Tri-Flex, kana imwe yemamwe mapakeji anowanikwa mune zvekutengesa.Kunakirwa kwekushandisa piping yekusimbisa dhizaini yemhando yekugadzira iyo inobvumira iyo piping dhizaini yemhando yekugadzira iyo inobvumira iyo piping yekusimbisa gadziriso yemhando yekugadzira iyo inobvumira iyo komputa yekumanikidza gadziriso. iyo piping system yekusimbisa nyore uye kugona kuita shanduko dzinodiwa pakugadzirisa.Mufananidzo 4 unoratidza muenzaniso wekuenzanisira uye kuongorora chikamu chepombi.
Paunenge uchigadzira hurongwa hutsva, vagadziri vehurongwa vanowanzotsanangura kuti piping uye zvikamu zvose zvinofanira kugadzirwa, welded, kuunganidzwa, nezvimwewo sezvinodiwa nekodhi ipi zvayo inoshandiswa.Zvisinei, mune mamwe maretrofits kana mamwe maitiro, zvingave zvinobatsira kune injiniya akasarudzwa kuti ape mazano kune dzimwe nzira dzekugadzira, sezvinotsanangurwa muChitsauko V.
Dambudziko rinowanzosangana mumashandisirwo ekugadzirisa ndeye weld preheat (ndima 131) uye post-weld heat treatment (ndima 132) .Pakati pezvimwe zvikomborero, izvi zvinopisa zvinopisa zvinoshandiswa kuderedza kushungurudzika, kudzivirira kuputika, uye kuwedzera simba re weld.Zvinhu zvinokanganisa pre-weld uye post-weld heat treatment zvinodiwa zvinosanganisira, asi hazvirevi kune, zvinhu zvinotevera: P nhamba yekemesi Welded.Nyaya imwe neimwe yakanyorwa muMandatory Appendix A ine nhamba yakapiwa P. For preheating, ndima 131 inopa hushoma tembiricha iyo nheyo yesimbi inofanira kupiswa isati yaita welding inogona kuitika.Kune PWHT, Tafura 132 inopa kubata tembiricha yakasiyana uye urefu hwenguva yekubata weld zone.Kupisa uye kutonhora kwemazinga, zviyero zvekupisa, zviyero zvekupisa, uye dzimwe nzira dzekupisa dzinofanira kutevedza nzira dzekupisa, uye dzimwe nzira dzekupisa dzinofanira kutevedza nzira dzekupisa. code.Zvisingatarisirwi zvakashata zvinokanganisa panzvimbo yakasungirirwa zvinogona kuitika nekuda kwekukundikana kunyatsopisa kupisa.
Imwe nzvimbo inogona kunetseka mumapombi anodzvanywa mapombi anobhenda. Kubhenda kwepombi kunogona kukonzera kutetepa kwemadziro, zvichikonzera kusakwana kwemadziro ukobvu.Maererano nendima 102.4.5, iyo kodhi inobvumira kubhenda chero diki madziro ukobvu huchigutsa nzira imwechete inoshandiswa kuverenga hushoma hwemadziro ukobvu hwepombi yakatwasuka. Kazhinji, mari inobvumirwa00 uye inodzokororwa inowedzerwa. mvumo yezvakasiyana-siyana mabhendi radii.Mabhenji angada zvakare kupeta-peta uye/kana mushure-kupeta kupisa kurapwa.Ndima 129 inopa nhungamiro pakugadzirwa kwemagokora.
Kune akawanda ekumanikidza kwepombi masisitimu, zvinodikanwa kuisa vharafu yekuchengetedza kana vharafu yekuyamura kudzivirira kudzvinyirira zvakanyanya muhurongwa.Kune maapplication aya, sarudzo yeAppendix II: Safety Valve Installation Design Mitemo chinhu chakakosha asi dzimwe nguva chinozivikanwa zvishoma.
Zvinoenderana nendima II-1.2, mavharuvhu ekuchengetedza anoratidzirwa neyakavhurika yakazara pop-up chiito chegasi kana sevhisi sevhisi, nepo mavharuvhu ekuchengetedza akavhurika anoenderana nekumusoro kwe static pressure uye anoshandiswa zvakanyanya sevhisi.
Zvisungo zvevhavhavhavha yekudzivirira zvinoratidzirwa kana zvakavhurika kana zvakavharwa zvigadziriso zvekubuda.Mumhepo yakazaruka, gorofu iri pakubuda kwevhavhavhavha yekudzivirira inowanzobuda mukati mepombi yekutsvaira kuenda kumhepo.Kazhinji, izvi zvichaita kuti kuderera kwemashure kuderera.Kana kukwana kwakakwana kwemashure kunogadzirwa mupombi yekutsvaira, chikamu chemhepo inoputika mumhepo inoputika inogona kupera kubva kumhepo inoputika. iyo pombi yekupedza inofanira kuva yakakura zvakakwana kudzivirira blowback.Mukuvharwa kwemhepo kushandiswa kwemhepo, kudzvinyirira kunowedzera panzvimbo yekudzivirira kwevhavha yekudzivirira nekuda kwekumanikidzwa kwemhepo mumutsara wemhepo, izvo zvingaita kuti mafungu emhepo awedzere kupararira.Mundima II-2.2.2, inokurudzirwa kuti dhizaini yekugadzira mutsara wakavharwa wekuvhara mutsara uwedzere kaviri kupfuura iyo yakagadzikana mamiriro ekudzivirira kushanda kwevhavha uye yakavharwa 5.
Kuiswa kwevhavhavha yekudzivirira kunogona kuve pasi pemasimba akasiyana-siyana sezvinopfupikiswa mundima II-2. Aya masimba anosanganisira kuwedzera kwemafuta ekuwedzera, kupindirana kwemavhavhavha akawanda ekugadzirisa mhepo panguva imwe chete, seismic uye / kana vibration migumisiro, uye migumisiro yekumanikidzika panguva yezviitiko zvekudzivirira. maitiro evhavha yekuchengetedza.Equations inopiwa mundima II-2.2 yekuona kumanikidzwa uye kukurumidza pagokora rinobudisa, kubuda kwepombi inlet, uye kubuda kwepombi pombi yezvirongwa zvakazaruka uye zvakavharwa.
Dambudziko remuenzaniso wekushandiswa kwekushama kwakazaruka kunopiwa mundima II-7.Dzimwe nzira dziripo pakuverenga maitiro ekuyerera mumagetsi ekuyamura mavharuvhu ekubudisa, uye muverengi anonyeverwa kuti aone kuti nzira inoshandiswa inochengetedza zvakakwana.Imwe nzira yakadaro inotsanangurwa naGS Liao mu "Power Plant Safety uye Pressure Relief Valve Exhaust Group Analysis muOctober 9, 1 October 2017."
Ivhavha yekuyamura inofanira kunge iri panzvimbo shoma yepombi yakatwasuka kubva kune chero mabhendi.Ichi chinhambwe chishoma chinoenderana nebasa uye geometry yegadziriro sezvinotsanangurwa mundima II-5.2.1.Pakugadzika nemagetsi akawanda ekuyamura mavharuvhu, nzvimbo yakakurudzirwa yekubatanidza bazi revhavha rinoenderana neradii yebazi uye piping yebasa, sezvinoratidzwa muCherechedzo (10) (c) yeTafura D-1.1. inotsigira iri panzvimbo yekuyamura mavharuvhu anobuda kune yekushanda pombi pane zvivako zviri pedyo kuderedza migumisiro yekuwedzera kwekushisa uye kupindirana kwekudengenyeka kwenyika. Pfupiso yeiyi uye mamwe magadzirirwo ekugadzirisa mukugadzirwa kwemavharuvhu ekuchengetedza anogona kuwanikwa mundima II-5.
Zviri pachena kuti hazvibviri kuvhara zvose zvinodiwa zvekugadzira zveASME B31 mukati mechikamu chechinyorwa ichi.Asi chero injinjini yakasarudzwa inobatanidzwa mukugadzirwa kwepiping piping system inofanira kunge yakajairana nekodhi iyi yekugadzira.Tariro, nemashoko ari pamusoro apa, vaverengi vachawana ASME B31 chinhu chinokosha uye chinowanikwa.
Monte K. Engelkemier ndiye mutungamiri wepurojekiti paStanley Consultants.Engelkemier inhengo yeIowa Engineering Society, NSPE, neASME, uye anoshanda paB31.1 Electrical Piping Code Committee uye Subcommittee.Ane makore anopfuura gumi nemaviri eruzivo mukugadzira pombi system, dhizaini, bracing evaluation uye Wilkey Engine kuongororwa. Consultants.Ane makore anopfuura matanhatu ehunyanzvi hwekugadzira masisitimu epombi emhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzekushandisa, makanzuru, masangano uye maindasitiri vatengi uye inhengo yeASME neIowa Engineering Society.
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